Análisis Comparativo entre el Impuesto Sobre la Renta en Venezuela y el Impuesto Sobre Sociedades en España
Authorship
Y.J.B.R.
Master in Accounting and Financial Management
Y.J.B.R.
Master in Accounting and Financial Management
Defense date
09.11.2025 10:00
09.11.2025 10:00
Summary
This paper aims to analyze and compare the tax systems applicable to corporate income in Venezuela and Spain. Using a descriptive and comparative approach, this paper studies the historical evolution, legal foundations, tax structure, tax principles, and calculation mechanisms of the Income Tax in Venezuela and the Corporate Tax in Spain. The research includes a documentary review, regulatory analysis, and case studies in real estate companies to observe the specific effects of taxation in each country. Significant differences between the two systems are evident. The Venezuelan Income Tax presents limitations in terms of tax deductions, few investment incentives, and a high tax burden, aggravated by economic instability and inflation. In contrast, the Spanish Corporate Tax demonstrates greater stability, regulatory clarity, and uses deductions as an economic policy tool to promote strategic sectors. The paper concludes that, although both systems share common principles such as legality, progressivity, and non-confiscation, their practical applications differ substantially. These differences have a direct impact on companies' accounting and financial management, influencing their tax planning and economic decision-making.
This paper aims to analyze and compare the tax systems applicable to corporate income in Venezuela and Spain. Using a descriptive and comparative approach, this paper studies the historical evolution, legal foundations, tax structure, tax principles, and calculation mechanisms of the Income Tax in Venezuela and the Corporate Tax in Spain. The research includes a documentary review, regulatory analysis, and case studies in real estate companies to observe the specific effects of taxation in each country. Significant differences between the two systems are evident. The Venezuelan Income Tax presents limitations in terms of tax deductions, few investment incentives, and a high tax burden, aggravated by economic instability and inflation. In contrast, the Spanish Corporate Tax demonstrates greater stability, regulatory clarity, and uses deductions as an economic policy tool to promote strategic sectors. The paper concludes that, although both systems share common principles such as legality, progressivity, and non-confiscation, their practical applications differ substantially. These differences have a direct impact on companies' accounting and financial management, influencing their tax planning and economic decision-making.
Direction
GAYA MORENO, JAIME (Tutorships)
GAYA MORENO, JAIME (Tutorships)
Court
Otero González, Luis Alberto (Chairman)
Garrido Ruso, María (Secretary)
MASIDE SANFIZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Otero González, Luis Alberto (Chairman)
Garrido Ruso, María (Secretary)
MASIDE SANFIZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Economic-financial and non-financial analysis of Endesa Energía, S.A.U.
Authorship
M.E.C.L.
Master in Accounting and Financial Management
M.E.C.L.
Master in Accounting and Financial Management
Defense date
09.11.2025 10:00
09.11.2025 10:00
Summary
This report analyzes the economic, financial, and non-financial situation of Endesa Energía, S.A.U. during the period 2019-2023. The objective is to evaluate its performance and compare it with that of Iberdrola Clientes, S.A.U. To do so, we conducted an analysis of percentages, ratios, and indicators. We also studied its non-financial information and ESG scores, as well as those of other relevant companies in the sector. We can highlight that Endesa Energía, S.A.U. has improved its performance in recent years after facing significant global economic challenges. However, when compared to Iberdrola Clientes, S.A.U., which has a more stable situation and better economic and financial performance, Endesa shows certain weaknesses. It has a high weighting of current liabilities and current assets, which translates into an unbalanced working capital. This is reflected in a Z-Score outside the safe zone and less stable financial ratios, placing it below Iberdrola. In contrast, Iberdrola maintains a Z-Score within the safe zone in all periods analyzed and displays a more balanced financial structure. However, in the area of sustainability, Endesa Energía, S.A.U. has a higher overall score than its competitor in the last year, which could translate into optimal long-term performance.
This report analyzes the economic, financial, and non-financial situation of Endesa Energía, S.A.U. during the period 2019-2023. The objective is to evaluate its performance and compare it with that of Iberdrola Clientes, S.A.U. To do so, we conducted an analysis of percentages, ratios, and indicators. We also studied its non-financial information and ESG scores, as well as those of other relevant companies in the sector. We can highlight that Endesa Energía, S.A.U. has improved its performance in recent years after facing significant global economic challenges. However, when compared to Iberdrola Clientes, S.A.U., which has a more stable situation and better economic and financial performance, Endesa shows certain weaknesses. It has a high weighting of current liabilities and current assets, which translates into an unbalanced working capital. This is reflected in a Z-Score outside the safe zone and less stable financial ratios, placing it below Iberdrola. In contrast, Iberdrola maintains a Z-Score within the safe zone in all periods analyzed and displays a more balanced financial structure. However, in the area of sustainability, Endesa Energía, S.A.U. has a higher overall score than its competitor in the last year, which could translate into optimal long-term performance.
Direction
CASTIÑEIRA CARRACEDO, MARTIÑO (Tutorships)
CASTIÑEIRA CARRACEDO, MARTIÑO (Tutorships)
Court
Otero González, Luis Alberto (Chairman)
Garrido Ruso, María (Secretary)
MASIDE SANFIZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Otero González, Luis Alberto (Chairman)
Garrido Ruso, María (Secretary)
MASIDE SANFIZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)