Applied Physics and Physics-Chemistry I

- Elementary use of intermolecular interactions as a way of explaining and predicting the structure and properties of simple material systems. Extrapolation, in a qualitative way, of these contents to more complex systems (specifically biological systems).

- Knowledge of the nature of transport properties, mainly the diffusion. Elementary treatment of this one and its application in fields related to the Pharmacy Degree (Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Technology).

- Knowledge of Formal Chemical Kinetics, aimed to its later use in Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Technology.

- Achieve an adjustment of the students to the handling of abstract concepts, like those utilised in the classical thermodynamics, and its use for the study of chemical phenomena.

Block I: MATTER AND ENERGY

Unit 1.- Introduction to Physical Chemistry. Concept, scope and areas of physical chemistry. Relationship with Physics. Importance in the Degree in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Prior knowledge. Organization of the subject. Temperature as an expression of system energy. Energy distribution in a macroscopic system: Maxwell-Boltzmann equation.


Unit 2.- Intermolecular interactions. Action of an electric field on polar and nonpolar molecules: electric dipole moment and polarizability. Attractive intermolecular interactions: dipole-dipole, induced dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion forces. Hydrogen bonds. Repulsive intermolecular interactions. Lennard-Jones potential. Relationship with thermodynamic properties.

Block II: THERMODYNAMICS

Unit 3.- First law of thermodynamics: Objectives. State variables and state functions. Thermodynamic terminology: types of systems and processes. States of equilibrium and non-equilibrium. Thermodynamically reversible and irreversible processes. Heat and work: criterion of signs and units. First principle of thermodynamics: internal energy and enthalpy. Heat capacities.

Unit 4.- Second law of thermodynamics: entropy. Statements of second law of thermodynamics. Establishment of the entropy concept. Entropy variation in reversible and irreversible processes: The Clausius inequality. Entropy variation as a criterion of spontaneity. Molecular significance of entropy. The Third Principle of Thermodynamics and absolute entropies.

Unit 5.- Thermochemistry: Heat of reaction. Thermochemical equations. Thermochemical laws. Standard heat of reaction: standard enthalpies of formation. The temperature dependence of reaction enthalpies: Kirchhoff's equation. Reaction entropies: the temperature dependence

Block III: CHEMICAL POTENTIAL AND EQUILIBRIUM

Unit 6.- Spontaneity and equilibrium. Partial molar quantities: Gibbs function and its physical significance. Its use as a criteria for spontaneity. The variation of Gibbs free energy with temperature pressure and temperature: Gibbs-Helmholtz equation. Open systems: partial molar quantities Chemical potential: physical meaning of chemical potential. Variation of chemical potential with pressure and temperature.

Block IV: KINETICS AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES

Unit 7.- Formal chemical kinetics: Generalities: rate of reaction, rate law, reaction order and rate constant. The determination of the rate law: differential method, integration method and half-life of reaction method. The temperature dependence of reaction rates: Arrhenius equation. Theoretical models of reaction rates: collision theory and transition state theory

Unit 8.- Reactivity and catalysis. Elementary reactions and reaction mechanism. Reversible reactions. Parallel reactions. Consecutive reactions: steady.state approximation. Catalysis.

Unit 9.- Transport properties: Generalities. Diffusion: physical significance. Fick's laws. Brownian motion: Stokes-Einstein equation. Diffusion through membranes. Viscosity of fluids: Newton's law. Viscosity determination: viscosymmetry. Rheology: Non-Newtonian fluids. Fluid flow velocity.

"Química ´Física”. T. Engel y P. Reid. Ed. Addison-Wesley

"Fisicoquímica para Farmacia y Biología". P. Sanz y otros. Ediciones Científicas y Técnicas S.A., SALVAT.

"Fisicoquímica". I. N. Levine. Ed. McGraw-Hill.

"Química Física". P. W. Atkins. Ed. Addison-Wesley Iberoamericana.

"Fisicoquímica para las ciencias químicas y biológicas". R. Chang. Ed. McGraw-Hill

- Con 11. Know the physicochemical characteristics of the substances used to manufacture medicines.

- Con 12. Know and understand the characteristics of reactions in solution, the different states of matter and the principles of thermodynamics and their application to pharmaceutical sciences.

- Con 25. To know the processes of release, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs, and factors that condition the absorption and disposition according to their routes of administration.

- Con 31. Know how to safely use medicines, taking into account their physical and chemical properties, including any risks associated with their use.

- H/D 06. Promote work and collaboration skills in multidisciplinary teams and those related to other health professionals.

- H/D 08. Carry out standard laboratory processes including the use of scientific synthesis and analysis equipment, including appropriate instrumentation.

- H/D 10. Apply the knowledge of Physics and Mathematics to pharmaceutical sciences.

- Comp 01. Ability to analyse and synthesize.

- Comp 07. Problem solving.

- Comp 10. Critical and self-critical capacity.

- Comp 11. Teamwork.

- Comp 14. Ability to communicate with experts from other areas.

- Comp 18. Ability to apply knowledge in practice.

- Comp 25. Ability to work autonomously.

Will be used:

-Expositive lessons in a big group: Face-to-face lessons given by the teacher in which fundamental theoretical contents of the matter are explained and are proposed basic problems related with its application.
Additionally, complementary activities are proposed to be performed by the students: study of parts not included in the expositive lessons, individual performance of numerical problems and other individual or group activities.

- Interactive lessons in reduced groups: Theoretical and practical face-to-face lessons in which the students solve several types of doubts. The students must participate actively in different ways: delivery of exercises to the teacher (some previously proposed through bulletins delivered to students); resolution of exercises in the classroom, some cooperative learning sessions, etc. The assistance to these interactive lessons in reduced groups will be compulsory.

- Face-to face blackboard tutorships in a very reduced group programmed by the teacher. They set out to activities as the clarification of doubts on theory, problems, exercises, readings or other proposed tasks.

The overall rating in the 1st call for the course, will be the result of the sum of that obtained in the examination of theory and problems plus the one corresponding to the continuous assessment.

The maximum rating in theory and problems will be 8 points, corresponding 5.0 points to the note of theory and the 3,0 remaining points to the note of problems. A special requirement to pass the course is to obtain a note equal to or more than 1,8 points in theory and equal to or more than 1,2 points in problems.

The maximum rating of continuous assessment is 2 points and will be established taking into account: the active involvement of the student in the interactive lessons, proposed activity performance, assistance to tutorships, notes corresponding to written proofs on specific sections, etc. In order to be able to access the rating corresponding to the continuous assessment, is necessary the prerequisite of the assistance to interactive lessons.

Repeating students who wish to do so, may maintain the qualification of the continuous assessment tests carried out in the previous academic year without having to attend interactive classes, being indispensable requirement having signed, at the beginning of the semester, a proof of this commitment with the professor in charge of the subject.

In the 2nd call for the academic course, just will be made the examination of theory and problems, keeping the rating obtained in continuous assessment during the course. The same proportions earlier remarked and the same prerequisites to pass the course will be applied.

The skills acquired in the course will be assessed through the following channels:


Examination : Con 11, Con 12, Con 25, Con31, H/D08, H/D10, Comp 01, Comp 07 y Comp10.
En interactive classes: Con 11, Con 12, H/D 06, H/D08, H/D10, Comp 01, Comp07, Comp10; Comp11, Comp14, Comp18, Comp25.

WORK IN PERSON IN THE CLASSROOM (60 HOURS)

- Expositive lessons: 30 hours

- Interactive lessons: 24 hours

- Tutorships (very reduced group): 2.5 hours

- Examination of theory and problems and its review: 3.5 hours


PERSONAL WORKOF THE STUDENT (90 HOURS)

- Expositive lessons (individual freelance study or in a group): 45 hours

- Interactive lessons (resolution of financial years, or other works): 33 hours

- Tutorships (doubts orientation and resolution): 3 hours

-Preparation of the Examination of theory and problems: 9 hours

Review or updating in basical mathematics (infinitesimal and coordinate geometry calculation), physics (mechanic, electricity, systems of units) and general chemistry.

Regular dedication to the study of the subject (short periods every day or every two days, better than weekly).

To avoid the introduction in a chapter without reaching a certain degree of understanding of the previous one.

To dedicate a special effort to the understanding of the meaning or nature of some strategic theoretical contents, as well as to the problems general resolution methods.

The USC virtual platform will be used as a support and complement to the theoretical-practical teaching and as an important element of communication with the student.