Introduction to the Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

This introductory subject aims to provide the student with the necessary foundations to understand the concepts that will be developed in the different subjects that make up the Interuniversity Master in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

Biology Block
Exhibition class program (11 h)
Unit 1. The cell (2 teaching hours): Membrane and its potential. Transport through the membrane. Endocytosis. Cell energy needs. Glycid metabolism: glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria and apoptosis, other forms of cell death. Core. Cellular division. Genomics.
Unit 2. Signal transduction (1 hour). Main signaling mechanisms
Unit 3. Transportation of solutes and water (1 hour). Body volumes. Principles of the exchange of materials between the different compartments: blood, extracellular and intracellular. Lymphatic circulation.
Unit 4. Cardiocirculatory System (2 hours). Organization of the cardiovascular system. Rheology. Arteries, veins and capillaries. Heart like a bomb. Regulatory mechanisms.
Unit 5. Respiratory (2 hours). Organization of the respiratory system. I carried oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Ventilatory mechanics and its regulation.
Unit 6. Urinary System (1 hour). Organization of the urinary system. Glomerular filtration and renal blood flow
Unit 7. Nervous System (1 hour). Organization of the nervous system. Autonomic nervous system. Sensory transduction

Seminar program (7 hours)
Seminar 1: Genomic sequencing techniques.
Seminar 2: Techniques to measure the Membrane Potential. Transmission of the nervous impulse.
Seminar 3: Insulin
Seminar 4: Transportation Systems. Blood brain barrier.
Seminar 5: intestinal absorption. Hepatobiliary function
Seminar 6: Blood. Hemostasis
Seminar 7: Fundamentals of the interaction of nanomaterials with biological structures

Chemistry Block
Exhibition class program (11 h)
- Unit 1.- Fundamentals of Spectroscopy: Radiation-matter interaction. (1 teaching hour). Quantum mechanical basis of the interaction of radiation and matter. Types of molecular spectra. Selection rules. Rotation spectra. Intensity and width of the bands. Lambert-Beer law.
- Topic 2: Infrared spectroscopy (1 hour lesson). Vibration of diatomic molecules. IR spectrum of diatomic molecules: selection and intensity rules. Harmonicity of vibrations. Residual energy and dissociation energy. Fine rotating structure. IR spectra of polyatomic molecules: normal modes of vibration. Fundamental bands, harmonics, combination bands. Characteristic frequencies. Applications of IR spectroscopy.
- Unit 3: Raman spectroscopy (2 teaching hours). Radiation-matter interaction. Raman effect. Rotation and vibration-rotation Raman spectrum. Raman displacement. Origin of Raman scattering: Polarizability. Selection rules and active modes. Raman and fluorescence. Applications of Raman spectroscopy
- Unit 4: Electron spectroscopy and fluorescence. (1 teaching hour). Electronic energy levels in diatomic molecules. Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules. Selection rules. Vibration structure. Frank-Condon principle. Electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules. Types of electronic transitions. Chromophores and auxochromes. Electronic deactivation processes. Fluorescence and phosphorescence.
- Unit 5.- Chemical kinetics (1 teaching hour). Kinetic vs thermodynamic. Reaction speed. Speed law and reaction order. Variation of the speed constant with temperature. Catalysis. Reaction mechanisms.
- Unit 6.- Intermolecular forces. (1.5 teaching hours). Types of non-covalent bonds. Solvation and bonding. Stability of dissolving Host-Guest complexes. Supramolecular systems characterization. Applications.
- Unit 7.- Macromolecules. Structure and characterization. (1.5 teaching hours). Open oligomers. Macrocycles. Molecular boxes. Chirality versus geometry. Conformational freedom. Applications.
- Unit 8.- Chirality: Chirooptic responses and applications. (2 teaching hours). Polarized light. Fundamentals of chirooptical spectroscopy. Types of chirooptical spectroscopy. Prediction of chirooptic responses. Applications in structural determination and sensing.

Seminar program (7 teaching hours)
Seminar 1: Fundamentals of spectroscopy (1 teaching hour)
Seminar 2: IR Spectroscopy (1 teaching hour)
Seminar 3: Raman Spectroscopy (1 teaching hour)
Seminar 4: Chemical Kinetics (1 teaching hour)
Seminar 5: Intermolecular forces (1 teaching hour)
Seminar 6: Macromolecules. Structure and characterization. (1 teaching hour)
Seminar 7: Chirality: chirooptical responses and applications. (1 teaching hour)
 

Physics Block
Exhibition class program (10 h)
- Unit 1. Introduction. Materials and their characteristics: Metals and Alloys, Ceramics, Polymers, Composite Materials, Nanomaterials. Critical materials. Material design. Material index and material selection maps
- Unit 2. Mechanical properties of materials. Stress-strain diagrams: elasticity, plasticity, toughness, fracture, creep. Failures of materials under tension: Repetitive loading and fatigue. Corrosion. Degradation. Hardness. Rugosity. Friction. Types of surface wear
- Unit 3. Thermal properties of materials. Heat capacity. Thermal conductivity. Thermal expansion.
- Unit 4. Electrical properties. Conductivity. Ohm's law. Electronic and ionic conduction. Conductors, dielectrics and semiconductors.
- Unit 5. Magnetic properties. Diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism. Hysteresis.
- Unit 6. Optical properties. Electromagnetic radiation. Interaction with solids. Refraction, refractive index. Reflection. Transmission. Absorption.

Seminar program
Seminar 1: Properties of Materials. Nanomaterials (1 hour lesson)
Seminar 2: Mechanical properties of materials. Friction and wear with nanoadditives. (1 teaching hour)
Seminar 3: Thermal properties of materials. Thermal nanofluids (1 hour lesson)
Seminar 4: Electrical properties of materials, electrical conductivity, Ohm's law (1 teaching hour)
Seminar 5: Theory of bands, conductors, dielectrics and semiconductors (1 teaching hour)
Seminar 6: Magnetic properties: diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism (1 teaching hour)
Seminar 7: Optical properties of materials (1 teaching hour)

Basic bibliography
- Biología molecular de la célula. Bruce Alberts. Garland Science, 2016 Omega.
- Biología celular y molecular. Gerald Karp. McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España S.L, 2014.
- Fisiología humana: un enfoque integrado. Dee Unglaub Silverthorn. Ed. Medica Panamericana, 2019
- Química Física. P.W. Atkins. Omega, 2002.
- Manual de Química Física. Bertrán, J., Nuñez, J., Ariel, 2002.
- Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy : analytical, biophysical and life science applications, Schlücker, S., Wiley-VCH, 2011
- Fisicoquímica. Ira N. Levine. McGraw-Hill, 2004.
- Química Física. P.W. Atkins. Omega, 2002.
- Quimica general. R. Petrucci y otros. Pearson Education 2011.
- Ciencia e ingeniería de materiales. William D. Callister, Jr., David G. Rethwisch. Barcelona. Reverté, 2016.
- Física del estado sólido, J. Maza, J. Mosqueira, J. A. Veira, manuales universitarios 8, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 2008
- Ondas de Luz, J. A. Díaz Navas y J.M. Medina Ruiz 2ª Edic. Copicentro Editorial . Universidad de Granada 2013
- Óptica, E. Hecht 5ª Edic. Pearson Educación. 2017
- Teoría y problemas de óptica, E. Hecht : McGraw-Hill, 1990

Complementary bibliography
Física del estado sólido: ejercicios resueltos, J. Maza, J. Mosqueira, J. A. Veira, manuales universitarios 11, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 2008
Materials: Engineering, Science, Processing and Design M. F. Ashby, H. Shercliff, D, Cebon, Butterworth Heinemann Books, Elsevier 2018
Optica Física, Problemas y ejercicios resueltos, F. Carreño y M.A. Antón. Prentice Hall 2001
Optica Electromagnética VOl. I y II, J. M. Cabrera, F. Agulló López y F. J. López . Addison-Wesley /Univ. Aut. Madrid Edic. 2000

Basic:
CB7: That students know how to apply the acquired knowledge and their problem-solving capacity in new or little-known environments within broader (or multidisciplinary) contexts related to their area of study.
CB8: That students are able to integrate knowledge and face the complexity of formulating judgments based on information that, being incomplete or limited, includes reflections on the social and ethical responsibilities linked to the application of their knowledge and judgments.
CB9: That the students know how to communicate their conclusions –and the ultimate knowledge and reasons that support them– to specialized and non-specialized audiences in a clear and unambiguous way;
CB10: That students possess the learning skills that allow them to continue studying in a way that will have to be largely self-directed or autonomous.

General:
CG2: Know how to apply knowledge to problem solving in the multidisciplinary field of research and innovation related to nanoscience and nanotechnology.
CG3: Be able to identify scientific theories and models and suitable methodological approaches for the design and evaluation of nanostructured materials.
CG4: Have the capacity to understand the regulation and social responsibilities derived from research, development and innovation in the area of ​​nanoscience and nanotechnology.
CG5: Have knowledge and skills to participate in research projects and scientific or technological collaborations, in interdisciplinary contexts and with a high component of knowledge transfer.
CG6: Have leadership capacity, creativity, initiative and entrepreneurial spirit.
CG9: Have oral and written communication skills and scientific interaction with professionals from other areas of knowledge.
CG10: Acquire the necessary training to be able to join future doctoral studies in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, or in related fields.

Transverse:
CT2: Know how to develop collaborative work in multidisciplinary teams.
CT3: Use Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as a tool for the transmission of knowledge, results and conclusions in specialized fields in a clear and rigorous way.
CT5: Know how to apply the principles contained in The European Charter & Code for Researchers.

Specific:
CE01: Know the terminology of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
CE02: Interrelate the chemical structure, architecture or arrangement of the nanostructured material with its chemical, physical and biological properties.
CE03: Acquire conceptual and practical knowledge about self-assembly and self-organization processes in macromolecular systems that are necessary for the design of new nanomaterials and nanostructures
CE05: Evaluate the relationships and differences between the properties of materials on a macro, micro and nano scale.
CE06: Know the main techniques for characterizing nanostructured materials.
CE07: Know the interactions of nanostructured materials with living things and the environment.
CE08: Know the main applications of nanomaterials in various fields of knowledge such as physics, chemistry, engineering, biomedicine, biotechnology, or art, among others.
 

- Theoretical classes with student participation.
- Discussion of practical cases in seminars with the support of computer methods and a blackboard.
- Problem-based learning
- Oral presentations of previously prepared topics, followed by debate with the participation of students and teachers

The evaluation will consist for each block in:
- Written exam on the basic contents of the subject (50% of the grade). The examination of the subject, which will be carried out on the date indicated in the corresponding course guide, will consist of short answer questions and problem solving. The maximum score will be 5 points. A minimum score of 2 points is required in this part for the scores of the other two items that are valued to be computed.
- Active participation in seminars, oral presentations and papers (50% of the grade). The active participation of the students will be evaluated through the resolution of questions and problems posed in class, the presentation of works and the intervention in the debates that may arise. Oral presentations will assess expository clarity and the ability to answer the questions that are posed.
Each block will be evaluated separately, requiring a minimum grade of 4 in each of the blocks so that the average between the completed blocks is made.


In cases of fraudulent completion of exercises or tests, the following will apply to the provisions of the "Regulations for evaluating students' academic performance and reviewing grades":

"Article 16. Fraudulent performance of exercises or tests.

The fraudulent performance of any exercise or test required in the evaluation of a subject will imply the qualification of failed in the corresponding call, regardless of the disciplinary process that may be followed against the offending student. It is considered fraudulent, among other things, the realization of plagiarized works or obtained from sources accessible to the public without re-elaboration or reinterpretation and without citations to the authors and the sources ”.

The hours of face-to-face training activities are 32 (theoretical) and 21 (seminar and practical blackboard classes). The student's personal work hours are estimated at 90.

The student should avoid the simple memory effort and guide the study to understand, reason and relate the contents of the subject. Participation in interactive activities will allow the student a better understanding of the aspects developed in the expository classes, which will facilitate the preparation of the final exam.