ECTS credits ECTS credits: 6
ECTS Hours Rules/Memories Student's work ECTS: 99 Hours of tutorials: 3 Expository Class: 24 Interactive Classroom: 24 Total: 150
Use languages Spanish, Galician
Type: Ordinary Degree Subject RD 1393/2007 - 822/2021
Departments: Applied Physics
Areas: Applied Physics
Center Faculty of Physics
Call: Second Semester
Teaching: With teaching
Enrolment: Enrollable
Once established and discussed in the Fundamentals of Thermodynamics the fundamentals and the general formalism of this branch of Physics, the first objective that arises for the matter of Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory is that the students reach the capacity to apply such formalism to the study of various systems in equilibrium, not only for the particular interest that they can present each of them, but also as an illustration both of the applicability of the method developed to numerous practical problems, and of the relationship that this part of science has with known experiences and its impact on other branches of physics in particular and of Science in general.
A second objective focuses on the student being able to apply the thermodynamic formalism can be to systems that are in states outside equilibrium, although not far from it. The theory developed for the description of these processes is generally known as Thermodynamics of irreversible processes.
Finally, although the phenomenological character of thermodynamics allows to establish numerous properties of physical systems without making use of concepts related to the microscopic structure of bodies, for a more complete and thorough study of certain processes it is necessary to resort to a description microscopic (molecular or statistical) of the systems. The molecular description aims to reach an interpretation of the observable macroscopic thermodynamic properties from the analysis of the disordered movement of molecules. This description is subject to unavoidable simplifications like any model of the structure of matter. This method is known as the kinetic theory of gases. Therefore, a third objective of the subject is to introduce students to the fundamentals of this theory and apply it to the perfect gas, which will facilitate a better understanding of the concepts of the Statistical Physics subject of the following course.
Once this subject has been studied, students should be able to:
• Properly apply the arguments and methods of the Thermodynamics of equilibrium to the study of certain systems of interest (gases, phase transitions, reactive, electric and magnetic systems, ...), with special emphasis on the principles on which they are based, as well as the limits of its applicability.
• Apply thermodynamic formalism to systems outside equilibrium.
• Interpret the macroscopic thermodynamic properties of gaseous systems from the analysis of molecular motion.
• Use the thermodynamic formalism with skill for the analysis and resolution of problems framed in the aforementioned contexts, applying the acquired knowledge with rigor and creativity.
• Achieve critical reasoning and association that enable autonomous and continuous learning.
SUBJECT PROGRAM (According to descriptors, https://assets.usc.gal/sites/default/files/plan/2021-09/F…)
1. IDEAL GASES
Thermal equation of the ideal gas state
Caloric equation of perfect gas status
Adiabatic transformations of a perfect gas
Polytropic transformations of a perfect gas
Perfect gas mixture
2. REAL GASES
Behavior of real gases. Critical coordinates
Throttling adiabatic. Joule-Kelvin coefficient
Thermal equations of state: van der Waals and virial. Other thermal state equations
The law of corresponding states. Generalized compressibility diagrams
Mixture of real gases
3. PHASE TRANSITIONS
Balance conditions for multicomponent heterogeneous systems. Gibbs phases rule
Classification of phase transitions
First-order phase transitions: Clausius-Clapeyron equation
Application of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to single-component systems
4. REAGENT SYSTEMS
Chemical reactions. Degree of progress
Reaction heat
Balance conditions in reactive systems. Rule of the phases
Balance constant
Principle of Le Châtelier
5. ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC SYSTEMS
General considerations about electrical systems and magnetic systems
Fundamental equations and thermodynamic potentials for electrical systems and magnetic systems
Caloric coefficients and thermal coefficients for electrical systems and for magnetic systems
Electrocaloric and magnetocaloric effects
Superconductivity
6. THERMODYNAMICS OF IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES
Irreversible processes
Forces and flows. Postulates of the linear TIP
Balance and continuity equations
Thermoelectric effects. Phenomenological equations
7. KINETIC THEORY OF PERFECT GASES
Perfect gas model
Perfect gas state equation
Consequences of the perfect gas kinetic equation
8. DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
Speed distribution functions
Energy distribution function
Principle of equipartition of energy
Some application of the law of distribution
Experimental verification of the distribution law
9. TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
Collision frequency
Mean free path
Transport of momentum. Viscosity
Transport of energy. Thermal conductivity
Mass transport. Diffusion
Basic Bibliography
• BAZAROV, I. Thermodynamique. Ed. Mir (1989)
• BIEL GAYE, J. Formalismo y métodos de la termodinámica. Vol 1 y 2. Ed. Reverté (1997 y 1998)
• CALLEN, H. B. Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics. (2ª ed.) Wiley (1985)
• ENGEL, T. y REID, P. Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics & Kinetics. (4ª ed.) Pearson (2019)
• HÖNIG, J.M. Thermodynamics (4ª ed.) Elsevier (2013)
• KONDEPUDI, D. y PRIGOGINE, I. Modern Thermodynamics (2ª ed.) Wiley (2015)
• J.H. LUSCOMBE, Thermodynamics, CRC Press (2018)
• MÜNSTER, A. Classical Thermodynamics. Wiley‐Insterscience (1985)
3.2. Complementary Bibliography
• GARCÍA‐COLIN SCHERER, L. Problemario de termodinámica clásica. Trillas (2003)
• COX, H. y McQUARRIE, C.H. Problems and Solutions to accompany D.A. McQuarrie & J. Simon Molecular Thermodynamics. Univ. Science Books (1999)
• LIM, Y.‐K. (editor) Problems and Solutions on Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics (compilación de problemas de universidades americanas). World Scientific (1990)
• ZAMORA CARRANZA, M. Termo II. 250 ejercicios y problemas .... Serv. Pub. Univ. de Sevilla (1998)
3.4. Network resources
http://www.sc.ehu.es/sbweb/fisica3/calor/portada.html
http://www.sc.ehu.es/sbweb/fisica3/transporte/portada.html
Basic and general capabilities (Basic, general and Transversal competences
As stated in the verification report of the Degree in Physics
CB1 - That students have demonstrated to possess and understand knowledge in an area of study that starts from the base of general secondary education, and is usually found at a level that, although supported by advanced textbooks, also includes some aspects that imply knowledge coming from the vanguard of their field of study
CB2 - That students know how to apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and have the skills that are usually demonstrated through the elaboration and defense of arguments and the resolution of problems within their area of study
CB3 - That students have the ability to gather and interpret relevant data (usually within their area of study) to make judgments that include a reflection on relevant issues of a social, scientific or ethical nature
CB4 - That students can transmit information, ideas, problems and solutions to a specialized and non-specialized public
CB5 - That students have developed those learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy
CT1 - Acquire analysis and synthesis capacity
CT2 - Have capacity for organization and planning CT5 - Develop critical thinking
CG1 - Know the most important concepts, methods and results of the different branches of Physics, together with a certain historical perspective of their development.
CG2 - Have the ability to gather and interpret data, information and relevant results, obtain conclusions and issue reasoned reports on scientific, technological or other problems that require the use of knowledge of Physics.
CG3 - Apply both the theoretical and practical knowledge acquired as well as the capacity for analysis and abstraction in the definition and approach of problems and in the search for their solutions both in academic and professional contexts.
Specific capabilities
CE1 - Have a good understanding of the most important physical theories, locating in their logical and mathematical structure, their experimental support and the physical phenomenon that can be described through them.
CE2 - Be able to clearly handle orders of magnitude and make appropriate estimates in order to develop a clear perception of situations that, although physically different, show some analogy, allowing the use of known solutions to new problems.
CE5 - Be able to perform the essentials of a process or situation and establish a work model of it, as well as perform the required approaches in order to reduce the problem to a manageable level. He will demonstrate critical thinking to build physical models.
CE6 - Understand and master the use of mathematical and numerical methods most commonly used in Physics
CE8 - Be able to manage, search and use bibliography, as well as any source of relevant information and apply it to research projects and technical development of projects
a) Teaching to large classes (expository).
The theoretical contents of each theme will be presented in a deductive way, complementing the development on the blackboard with the support of computer / audiovisual media and material available in the virtual classroom, as instruments of clarification and complementarity.
b) Teaching to small classes (interactive).
Essentially practical classes, in which the problems and exercises proposed in the bulletins will be solved, made available to the students with sufficient advance through the virtual classroom. The objective is that the students apply the acquired theoretical knowledge to solving problems, which will help them assimilate the contents of this subject. The participation of the students is fundamental here, since this participation will allow part of their continuous evaluation.
c) Tutorials in very small or individualized groups (personalized tutorials).
They are aimed at solving doubts and specific difficulties of a theoretical, conceptual and / or practical nature, providing individual attention to the student or the student who needs it.
The evaluation system is based on the following elements, both being mandatory to achieve the maximum grade in this subject:
a) Continuous assessment (30%)
Objective: to evaluate the student's learning process.
This evaluation will be based on the control of class attendance, active participation in them and assistance to tutorials, as well as for the accomplishment of diverse programmed activities and put in knowledge of the students at the beginning of the period of teaching: small individual written tests carried out during classes, delivery of problems proposed for resolution, ...
In order for a student to have the right to be evaluated continuously, attendance at face-to-face classes is mandatory (minimum attendance at face-to-face classes: 60%).
b) Individualized evaluation (70%)
Objective: to evaluate the knowledge acquired individually by each student.
For this purpose, a final exam will be held, as reflected in the examination schedule of the Faculty of Physics for these degrees, which will be composed of both theoretical and practical exercises, in order to assess the knowledge acquired and the understanding of the same. This exam will be rated between 0 and 10.
The overall/final grade of the students will be the highest between the final exam mark and the result of weighing the final exam mark with a weight of 70% with the mark of the complementary activities with a weight of the remaining 30%. This weighting will only be effective in the event that students meet the attendance requirements.
In any case, to pass the subject, the student must achieve a minimum score of 4 (out of 10) and a minimum of 5 (out of 10) in the overall evaluation. If a minimum grade of 4 is not achieved in the final exam, the overall grade obtained can not be higher than 4.
The qualification will be of Not presented only in the case that the student does not attend the final exam of the subject.
For the global evaluation related to the second opportunity, the grade obtained in the continuous evaluation will be maintained (if effective) with the same conditions for the global evaluation as in the first opportunity.
The subject has a total of 6 ECTS credits distributed throughout the four-month period.
The student's workload, in hours, is as follows:
Work in the Classroom Hours
Teaching to large classes 32
Teaching to small classes 24
Tutorials in very small or individualized groups 4
Total hours of classroom work in class 60 (10 hours in class / ECTS)
Personal work of the student Hours
Individual or group self-study 84
Preparation of various programmed activities 6
Total hours of the student work 90
It is recommended to participate actively in class, keep up the study of the contents, consult the bibliography, solve the proposed problems, and take advantage of tutorials to solve doubts.
Recommended prerequisites: have previously completed the subjects of Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Mathematical Methods I to IV.
Josefa Salgado Carballo
- Department
- Applied Physics
- Area
- Applied Physics
- Phone
- 881814110
- j.salgado.carballo [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Professor
Josefa Fernandez Perez
- Department
- Applied Physics
- Area
- Applied Physics
- Phone
- 881814046
- josefa.fernandez [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Professor
Enriqueta Lopez Iglesias
Coordinador/a- Department
- Applied Physics
- Area
- Applied Physics
- Phone
- 881814050
- enriqueta.lopez [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Professor
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| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 0 |
| 16:00-17:00 | Grupo /CLE_02 | Spanish | Classroom 6 |
| Wednesday | |||
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 0 |
| 16:00-17:00 | Grupo /CLE_02 | Spanish | Classroom 6 |
| Thursday | |||
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 0 |
| 16:00-17:00 | Grupo /CLE_02 | Spanish | Classroom 6 |
| Friday | |||
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 0 |
| 16:00-17:00 | Grupo /CLE_02 | Spanish | Classroom 6 |
| 05.22.2025 09:00-13:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 0 |
| 05.22.2025 09:00-13:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 130 |
| 05.22.2025 09:00-13:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 6 |
| 05.22.2025 09:00-13:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 830 |
| 07.01.2025 09:00-13:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 0 |
| 07.01.2025 09:00-13:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 6 |
| 07.01.2025 09:00-13:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 830 |