Analysis and impact of migration policies on irregular immigration in Spain
Authorship
A.A.C.
Bachelor of Criminology
A.A.C.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
09.11.2025 11:00
09.11.2025 11:00
Summary
The present work aims to analyze in detail the current Spanish migration legal system, studying its functioning and efficiency from an economic perspective, but above all from a social and conceptual standpoint. This analysis will also include an explanation of the social processes experienced by immigrants upon their arrival in Spain, highlighting potential aspects that may hinder their integration, and proposing possible alternatives to the current legislation.
The present work aims to analyze in detail the current Spanish migration legal system, studying its functioning and efficiency from an economic perspective, but above all from a social and conceptual standpoint. This analysis will also include an explanation of the social processes experienced by immigrants upon their arrival in Spain, highlighting potential aspects that may hinder their integration, and proposing possible alternatives to the current legislation.
Direction
CARNOTA GARCIA, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
CARNOTA GARCIA, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
CARNOTA GARCIA, JOSE MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
CARNOTA GARCIA, JOSE MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
Right to be forgotten in the framework of data protection.
Authorship
M.A.N.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.A.N.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.11.2025 11:00
09.11.2025 11:00
Summary
The purpose of this final degree project (TFG) is to study one of the institutions with specific social and legal weight within our society and within the framework of our position in the European Union: habeas data. I highlight its evolutionary aspect, leading to its current conception. The significance of the concept of habeas data in our country and in Europe stems from the right to privacy and dignity, which differs from the direct or subsidiary constitutional normative protection in Latin American countries. Given this fact, I highlight the legal framework and interesting comparisons that emerge from this analysis. To understand this entire process and even the limits of its legal protection, it is essential to refer to the foundations of data protection, the right to be forgotten, dignity, and data processing in the new technological era. All of the above focuses on its powers, restrictions, and those responsible. And I conclude with my pertinent conclusions.
The purpose of this final degree project (TFG) is to study one of the institutions with specific social and legal weight within our society and within the framework of our position in the European Union: habeas data. I highlight its evolutionary aspect, leading to its current conception. The significance of the concept of habeas data in our country and in Europe stems from the right to privacy and dignity, which differs from the direct or subsidiary constitutional normative protection in Latin American countries. Given this fact, I highlight the legal framework and interesting comparisons that emerge from this analysis. To understand this entire process and even the limits of its legal protection, it is essential to refer to the foundations of data protection, the right to be forgotten, dignity, and data processing in the new technological era. All of the above focuses on its powers, restrictions, and those responsible. And I conclude with my pertinent conclusions.
Direction
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Tutorships)
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Student’s tutor)
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Student’s tutor)
The control of individual sanctions in the field of CFSP in the case law of the CJEU
Authorship
T.A.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
T.A.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.11.2025 12:00
09.11.2025 12:00
Summary
Since the promulgation of the Maastricht Treaty, one of the fundamental pillars of the European Union has been its external action. In particular, the Common For-eign and Security Policy (CFSP), which is separate from the rest of the Union's external action, as it has its own procedures and is excluded from the general jurisdiction granted to the Court of Justice by Articles 24 TEU and 275 TFEU. However, through its case law, the Court has gradually defined the contours of this boundary between what is prohibited and what is permitted, and has been gaining ground in a space where it was initially prohibited. Its role is particularly important when it comes to hearing the various appeals brought by natural or le-gal persons affected by restrictive EU measures. This expansion of its jurisdiction has been justified by the need to preserve the rule of law on which the Union is founded and to ensure effective judicial protection.
Since the promulgation of the Maastricht Treaty, one of the fundamental pillars of the European Union has been its external action. In particular, the Common For-eign and Security Policy (CFSP), which is separate from the rest of the Union's external action, as it has its own procedures and is excluded from the general jurisdiction granted to the Court of Justice by Articles 24 TEU and 275 TFEU. However, through its case law, the Court has gradually defined the contours of this boundary between what is prohibited and what is permitted, and has been gaining ground in a space where it was initially prohibited. Its role is particularly important when it comes to hearing the various appeals brought by natural or le-gal persons affected by restrictive EU measures. This expansion of its jurisdiction has been justified by the need to preserve the rule of law on which the Union is founded and to ensure effective judicial protection.
Direction
TEIJO GARCIA, CARLOS (Tutorships)
TEIJO GARCIA, CARLOS (Tutorships)
Court
TEIJO GARCIA, CARLOS (Student’s tutor)
TEIJO GARCIA, CARLOS (Student’s tutor)
Final Degree Project related to the analysis of the criminal prosecution of minors involved in youth gangs
Authorship
G.A.T.
Bachelor of Criminology
G.A.T.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
09.11.2025 12:00
09.11.2025 12:00
Summary
Over the past decades there has been an increase in the problem of juvenile delinquency in our country, especially organized delinquency. That is, the membership of minors in juvenile gangs. This has given rise to numerous legislative reforms that have led to a hardening of punitive measures, generating in turn a variety of debates about the appropriateness of the criminal and procedural response to this reality. This paper will thus analyze from a legal perspective the criminal-procedural prosecution of minors belonging to juvenile gangs, observing whether it is in line with the principles of Juvenile Criminal Law. In addition, we will try to understand from a criminological perspective those factors (individual, social, psychological, etc.) that can explain the adhesion to these groups. This last branch is of special relevance since there is a risk of criminalizing certain social profiles, seeking to critically assess whether the penal-procedural prosecution can generate mechanisms of exclusion and stigmatization, as well as measures that are more punitive than preventive. Therefore, a section of the paper will be devoted to the study of this problem in Galicia. In short, the aim is to use an interdisciplinary, normative-criminological approach to study the effectiveness of the system's response to the phenomenon, thereby seeking to generate a debate that is rich in information and that promotes inclusive and preventive strategies at all times.
Over the past decades there has been an increase in the problem of juvenile delinquency in our country, especially organized delinquency. That is, the membership of minors in juvenile gangs. This has given rise to numerous legislative reforms that have led to a hardening of punitive measures, generating in turn a variety of debates about the appropriateness of the criminal and procedural response to this reality. This paper will thus analyze from a legal perspective the criminal-procedural prosecution of minors belonging to juvenile gangs, observing whether it is in line with the principles of Juvenile Criminal Law. In addition, we will try to understand from a criminological perspective those factors (individual, social, psychological, etc.) that can explain the adhesion to these groups. This last branch is of special relevance since there is a risk of criminalizing certain social profiles, seeking to critically assess whether the penal-procedural prosecution can generate mechanisms of exclusion and stigmatization, as well as measures that are more punitive than preventive. Therefore, a section of the paper will be devoted to the study of this problem in Galicia. In short, the aim is to use an interdisciplinary, normative-criminological approach to study the effectiveness of the system's response to the phenomenon, thereby seeking to generate a debate that is rich in information and that promotes inclusive and preventive strategies at all times.
Direction
CATALINA BENAVENTE, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES (Tutorships)
CATALINA BENAVENTE, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES (Tutorships)
Court
CATALINA BENAVENTE, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES (Student’s tutor)
CATALINA BENAVENTE, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES (Student’s tutor)
Occupational risk prevention in home care services: a critical approach with a gender perspective.
Authorship
M.A.A.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
M.A.A.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
Defense date
09.10.2025 11:00
09.10.2025 11:00
Summary
This Undergraduate Dissertation offers an analysis of occupational risk prevention in the home care services sector (HCS), a professional activity carried out in the private space of service users' homes, which presents significant legal, organizational, and operational challenges. Despite being an essential service within the dependency care system, the working conditions of HCS aides remain marked by precariousness, fragmented duties, and insufficient institutional support. The study begins with a conceptual and regulatory analysis of the sector, followed by an examination of the main occupational risks faced by HCS aides, with special attention to psychosocial risks and gender-related factors that increase exposure to workplace harassment and violence. A gender perspective is adopted throughout as a key analytical tool, considering the feminization of the sector and the particular vulnerability of workers, many of whom are migrant women. Finally, the role of the Labour and Social Security Inspectorate in this area is analyzed, highlighting the legal and practical limitations it faces when acting in private households, which severely hinders effective monitoring of working conditions.
This Undergraduate Dissertation offers an analysis of occupational risk prevention in the home care services sector (HCS), a professional activity carried out in the private space of service users' homes, which presents significant legal, organizational, and operational challenges. Despite being an essential service within the dependency care system, the working conditions of HCS aides remain marked by precariousness, fragmented duties, and insufficient institutional support. The study begins with a conceptual and regulatory analysis of the sector, followed by an examination of the main occupational risks faced by HCS aides, with special attention to psychosocial risks and gender-related factors that increase exposure to workplace harassment and violence. A gender perspective is adopted throughout as a key analytical tool, considering the feminization of the sector and the particular vulnerability of workers, many of whom are migrant women. Finally, the role of the Labour and Social Security Inspectorate in this area is analyzed, highlighting the legal and practical limitations it faces when acting in private households, which severely hinders effective monitoring of working conditions.
Direction
MANEIRO VAZQUEZ, YOLANDA (Tutorships)
MANEIRO VAZQUEZ, YOLANDA (Tutorships)
Court
MELLA MENDEZ, LOURDES (Chairman)
VILLALBA SANCHEZ, ALICIA (Secretary)
FERREIRO REGUEIRO, MARIA CONSUELO (Member)
MELLA MENDEZ, LOURDES (Chairman)
VILLALBA SANCHEZ, ALICIA (Secretary)
FERREIRO REGUEIRO, MARIA CONSUELO (Member)
Compulsory expropriation. The determination of just compensation.
Authorship
B.B.V.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
B.B.V.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.11.2025 10:30
09.11.2025 10:30
Summary
The research developed in this Final Degree Project primarily aims to analyze compulsory expropriation, with special attention to the process of determining the just compensation. The concept of compulsory purchase law, its legal foundations, and the different phases of the expropriation procedure are examined, from the initiation to the final resolution of the corresponding compensation and the payment and possession by the expropiator. The study emphasizes the just compensation, understood as the fair economic compensation that the Administration must pay to the expropiator as compensation for the deprivation of a property or right due to public use. It analyzes its determination, the valuation criteria to be applied and the role of the Expropriation Jury. For this purpose, the legal basis is the Compulsory Expropriation Law and its regulations, as well as the interpretation developed by the courts, especially the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, through jurisprudence regarding the concepts and criteria established in the law. In short, this work seeks to offer a complete and structured overview of a key institution, highlighting the importance of a fair and fair value assessment throughout the expropriation process.
The research developed in this Final Degree Project primarily aims to analyze compulsory expropriation, with special attention to the process of determining the just compensation. The concept of compulsory purchase law, its legal foundations, and the different phases of the expropriation procedure are examined, from the initiation to the final resolution of the corresponding compensation and the payment and possession by the expropiator. The study emphasizes the just compensation, understood as the fair economic compensation that the Administration must pay to the expropiator as compensation for the deprivation of a property or right due to public use. It analyzes its determination, the valuation criteria to be applied and the role of the Expropriation Jury. For this purpose, the legal basis is the Compulsory Expropriation Law and its regulations, as well as the interpretation developed by the courts, especially the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, through jurisprudence regarding the concepts and criteria established in the law. In short, this work seeks to offer a complete and structured overview of a key institution, highlighting the importance of a fair and fair value assessment throughout the expropriation process.
Direction
Sarmiento Méndez, José Antonio (Tutorships)
Sarmiento Méndez, José Antonio (Tutorships)
Court
Sarmiento Méndez, José Antonio (Student’s tutor)
Sarmiento Méndez, José Antonio (Student’s tutor)
The statement of the co-defendant as inculpatory evidence
Authorship
A.C.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.C.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.10.2025 12:00
09.10.2025 12:00
Summary
This paper addresses the statement of the co-defendant as a means of evidence capable of overcoming the right to the presumption of innocence. The answer to this debate involves an analysis of issues such as its admissibility, legal nature, as well as the various scenarios in which the defendant may be involved. These range from their participation in the same proceeding, their silence, their agreement, or their intervention in the exercise of the right to the final word.
This paper addresses the statement of the co-defendant as a means of evidence capable of overcoming the right to the presumption of innocence. The answer to this debate involves an analysis of issues such as its admissibility, legal nature, as well as the various scenarios in which the defendant may be involved. These range from their participation in the same proceeding, their silence, their agreement, or their intervention in the exercise of the right to the final word.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ ALVAREZ, ANA (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ ALVAREZ, ANA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ ALVAREZ, ANA (Student’s tutor)
RODRIGUEZ ALVAREZ, ANA (Student’s tutor)
Content creators and new conceptions of employment
Authorship
M.C.C.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
M.C.C.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
Defense date
09.12.2025 11:30
09.12.2025 11:30
Summary
This study analyzes the working environment of influencers who create content on Instagram and TikTok, focusing on gender inequalities within the sector and the construction of digital identity of these figures. Through an interdisciplinary theoretical approach, the research explores key issues such as the perpetuation of gender roles, the role of social media, advertising, and virtual influencers in reinforcing and generating stereotypes, the transformation of digital identity, and the hypervisibility of women; offering a critical interpretation of these dynamics. A qualitative methodological strategy was adopted to examine how professional identities are constructed on social media, how appearance and lifestyle are represented, and which narratives and themes prevail according to factors such as age and gender. Overall, this work aims to shed light on the working conditions of this emerging form of work, as well as the gender-based stereotypes that shape content creation.
This study analyzes the working environment of influencers who create content on Instagram and TikTok, focusing on gender inequalities within the sector and the construction of digital identity of these figures. Through an interdisciplinary theoretical approach, the research explores key issues such as the perpetuation of gender roles, the role of social media, advertising, and virtual influencers in reinforcing and generating stereotypes, the transformation of digital identity, and the hypervisibility of women; offering a critical interpretation of these dynamics. A qualitative methodological strategy was adopted to examine how professional identities are constructed on social media, how appearance and lifestyle are represented, and which narratives and themes prevail according to factors such as age and gender. Overall, this work aims to shed light on the working conditions of this emerging form of work, as well as the gender-based stereotypes that shape content creation.
Direction
LUBIAN GRAÑA, CARLOS (Tutorships)
LUBIAN GRAÑA, CARLOS (Tutorships)
Court
LUBIAN GRAÑA, CARLOS (Student’s tutor)
LUBIAN GRAÑA, CARLOS (Student’s tutor)
The legal protection of influencers’ personality rights.
Authorship
M.C.C.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
M.C.C.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
Defense date
09.11.2025 12:30
09.11.2025 12:30
Summary
This final degree project analyzes the protection of influencers’ personality rights against the attacks they suffer on social media as a result of the constant exposure of their private lives. The study focuses on the legal framework established by the Spanish Constitution and Organic Law 1/982, as well as relevant case law that helps us understand how these public figures are treated in national courts. The research highlights how influencers are particularly vulnerable to intromissions into their privacy, honor and self-image, especially women, who are often targeted by harassment campaigns, defamation, and misappropriation. Finally, the project outlines the legal framework concerning the right to voice and explores, from a theoretical perspective, the potential violations that influencers may face in this area.
This final degree project analyzes the protection of influencers’ personality rights against the attacks they suffer on social media as a result of the constant exposure of their private lives. The study focuses on the legal framework established by the Spanish Constitution and Organic Law 1/982, as well as relevant case law that helps us understand how these public figures are treated in national courts. The research highlights how influencers are particularly vulnerable to intromissions into their privacy, honor and self-image, especially women, who are often targeted by harassment campaigns, defamation, and misappropriation. Finally, the project outlines the legal framework concerning the right to voice and explores, from a theoretical perspective, the potential violations that influencers may face in this area.
Direction
AMMERMAN YEBRA, JULIA (Tutorships)
AMMERMAN YEBRA, JULIA (Tutorships)
Court
DIAZ MARTINEZ, ANA (Chairman)
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Secretary)
CARBALLO FIDALGO, MARTA (Member)
DIAZ MARTINEZ, ANA (Chairman)
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Secretary)
CARBALLO FIDALGO, MARTA (Member)
Private enforcement of competition law in Europe and determination of the law applicable to antitrust cases
Authorship
C.D.T.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
C.D.T.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.10.2025 11:00
09.10.2025 11:00
Summary
Following the introduction of antitrust regulations in Europe, efforts have been made to establish market and consumer protection, as well as to establish a legal framework that safeguards free competition. Authorities such as the European Commission have historically been responsible for ensuring compliance with these regulations with the aim of preventing any practices that could restrict competition. However, for the past couple of decades, private claims for damages have been on the rise, which we classify as part of the private application of competition law. More and more individuals and consumers are affected by antitrust practices and are deciding to take legal action for compensation. This is undoubtedly easier thanks to the legislative advances of recent decades and rulings such as Courage and Manfredi. The Rome II Regulation is also of great relevance in these private claims, specifically its Article 6.3, which is intended to determine the law applicable to these private actions, due to the transnational nature of the effects of acts restricting competition today.
Following the introduction of antitrust regulations in Europe, efforts have been made to establish market and consumer protection, as well as to establish a legal framework that safeguards free competition. Authorities such as the European Commission have historically been responsible for ensuring compliance with these regulations with the aim of preventing any practices that could restrict competition. However, for the past couple of decades, private claims for damages have been on the rise, which we classify as part of the private application of competition law. More and more individuals and consumers are affected by antitrust practices and are deciding to take legal action for compensation. This is undoubtedly easier thanks to the legislative advances of recent decades and rulings such as Courage and Manfredi. The Rome II Regulation is also of great relevance in these private claims, specifically its Article 6.3, which is intended to determine the law applicable to these private actions, due to the transnational nature of the effects of acts restricting competition today.
Direction
PARADELA AREAN, PAULA (Tutorships)
PARADELA AREAN, PAULA (Tutorships)
Court
PARADELA AREAN, PAULA (Student’s tutor)
PARADELA AREAN, PAULA (Student’s tutor)
The role of strategic litigation in environmental matters
Authorship
B.D.P.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
B.D.P.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.11.2025 13:00
09.11.2025 13:00
Summary
This paper analyzes strategic litigation in environmental matters and its potential as a key tool to transform the environmental protection system. Strategic litigation seeks to generate real change, not only in the legal sphere but also in the design of public policies and in raising social awareness. Through the study of recent and relevant cases, such as Urgenda, Milieudefensie v. Shell, or KlimaSeniorinnen, it becomes evident how this form of litigation is beginning to have a significant impact on the reform of environmental policies at both national and international levels. To understand the scope of strategic litigation, it is essential to examine the role of the actors driving it, from NGOs to citizen collectives, whose participation is crucial in these processes. The paper also addresses the limitations of this legal avenue, such as the lack of effective enforcement mechanisms or the procedural obstacles that still persist in many legal systems. Ultimately, it is argued that, while strategic litigation is neither a unique nor infallible solution, it does represent a tool with great potential to promote structural transformations in the defense of fundamental rights, such as the right of future generations to a healthy environment.
This paper analyzes strategic litigation in environmental matters and its potential as a key tool to transform the environmental protection system. Strategic litigation seeks to generate real change, not only in the legal sphere but also in the design of public policies and in raising social awareness. Through the study of recent and relevant cases, such as Urgenda, Milieudefensie v. Shell, or KlimaSeniorinnen, it becomes evident how this form of litigation is beginning to have a significant impact on the reform of environmental policies at both national and international levels. To understand the scope of strategic litigation, it is essential to examine the role of the actors driving it, from NGOs to citizen collectives, whose participation is crucial in these processes. The paper also addresses the limitations of this legal avenue, such as the lack of effective enforcement mechanisms or the procedural obstacles that still persist in many legal systems. Ultimately, it is argued that, while strategic litigation is neither a unique nor infallible solution, it does represent a tool with great potential to promote structural transformations in the defense of fundamental rights, such as the right of future generations to a healthy environment.
Direction
MONTERO FERRER, CARMEN (Tutorships)
MONTERO FERRER, CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
MONTERO FERRER, CARMEN (Student’s tutor)
MONTERO FERRER, CARMEN (Student’s tutor)
Criminal responsibility for the Spanish Inquisition during the Early Modern Period: the insanity defense. Special reference to the Galician Inquisitor.
Authorship
A.D.F.B.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
A.D.F.B.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
Defense date
09.11.2025 12:00
09.11.2025 12:00
Summary
This undergraduate dissertation aims to analyze the legal treatment that the Spanish Holy Office gave to madness, its difficulty in assessment, social consideration, and its function as a mitigating or exculpatory factor. To this end, the study is based on the mechanics of the inquisitorial process, the integration of the Inquisition into monarchical power, and the analysis of the concepts of sin, crime, and intent. According to the standards of the Old Regime, committing a crime requires intent; therefore, the Spanish Holy Office, dedicated to prosecuting predominantly spiritual offenses, constructed a superficial and ambiguous system to modulate punishment based on the degree of criminal responsibility that an individual could be considered to have, according to their own traits or the circumstances of the crime. Its assessment was strongly influenced by the inquisitor’s judgment and social stereotypes, and its treatment was situated between Christian charity and the marginalization of the mentally ill. A bibliographic review and the analysis of legal texts and case files from the period reveal that madness, as a modifying circumstance of responsibility, was practically used as an abstract category encompassing all kinds of atypical social behaviors. Likewise, it was doubly employed to legitimize inquisitorial activity while also serving political purposes by neutralizing discourses potentially dangerous to the social order. There is limited information about the appreciation of madness by the Galician inquisitor; however, the studied faith processes help construct the ideological and terminological panorama in which the tribunal of Santiago framed mental alienation.
This undergraduate dissertation aims to analyze the legal treatment that the Spanish Holy Office gave to madness, its difficulty in assessment, social consideration, and its function as a mitigating or exculpatory factor. To this end, the study is based on the mechanics of the inquisitorial process, the integration of the Inquisition into monarchical power, and the analysis of the concepts of sin, crime, and intent. According to the standards of the Old Regime, committing a crime requires intent; therefore, the Spanish Holy Office, dedicated to prosecuting predominantly spiritual offenses, constructed a superficial and ambiguous system to modulate punishment based on the degree of criminal responsibility that an individual could be considered to have, according to their own traits or the circumstances of the crime. Its assessment was strongly influenced by the inquisitor’s judgment and social stereotypes, and its treatment was situated between Christian charity and the marginalization of the mentally ill. A bibliographic review and the analysis of legal texts and case files from the period reveal that madness, as a modifying circumstance of responsibility, was practically used as an abstract category encompassing all kinds of atypical social behaviors. Likewise, it was doubly employed to legitimize inquisitorial activity while also serving political purposes by neutralizing discourses potentially dangerous to the social order. There is limited information about the appreciation of madness by the Galician inquisitor; however, the studied faith processes help construct the ideological and terminological panorama in which the tribunal of Santiago framed mental alienation.
Direction
BOUZADA GIL, MARIA TERESA (Tutorships)
BOUZADA GIL, MARIA TERESA (Tutorships)
Court
ORTEGO GIL, PEDRO (Chairman)
Rodríguez-Toubes Muñiz, Joaquín (Secretary)
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Member)
ORTEGO GIL, PEDRO (Chairman)
Rodríguez-Toubes Muñiz, Joaquín (Secretary)
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Member)
Arbitration in public procurement
Authorship
E.L.G.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
E.L.G.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.10.2025 13:30
09.10.2025 13:30
Summary
The paper analyzes the viability of arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism in the field of public procurement in Spain. The central question that guides the study is the following: is it constitutional, legally feasible and functional to submit disputes arising from public sector contracts to arbitration? To address this issue, the following specific objectives are proposed: (i) to examine the constitutional and legal viability of arbitration in the administrative sphere; (ii) to reconstruct the evolution of Spanish legislation on the matter and the impact of the Achmea case; (iii) to analyze the doctrinal debate on the arbitrability of public rights and interests; (iv) to compare the Spanish experience with international models; and (v) to propose possible regulatory reforms that allow arbitration to be integrated into public procurement without compromising judicial control or the general interest. The research adopts a legal-dogmatic approach, complemented by comparative analysis and a prospective perspective. It examines current legislation -such as Law 9/2017 and Law 60/2003- as well as the case law of the Constitutional Court and the Court of Justice of the European Union, as well as specialised doctrine. The comparative analysis allows us to contrast the Spanish legal framework with more open models, such as the Portuguese one, or with systems in which arbitration in public procurement matters is mandatory, such as the Peruvian one, with the aim of identifying practices that can potentially be transferred to the national context.
The paper analyzes the viability of arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism in the field of public procurement in Spain. The central question that guides the study is the following: is it constitutional, legally feasible and functional to submit disputes arising from public sector contracts to arbitration? To address this issue, the following specific objectives are proposed: (i) to examine the constitutional and legal viability of arbitration in the administrative sphere; (ii) to reconstruct the evolution of Spanish legislation on the matter and the impact of the Achmea case; (iii) to analyze the doctrinal debate on the arbitrability of public rights and interests; (iv) to compare the Spanish experience with international models; and (v) to propose possible regulatory reforms that allow arbitration to be integrated into public procurement without compromising judicial control or the general interest. The research adopts a legal-dogmatic approach, complemented by comparative analysis and a prospective perspective. It examines current legislation -such as Law 9/2017 and Law 60/2003- as well as the case law of the Constitutional Court and the Court of Justice of the European Union, as well as specialised doctrine. The comparative analysis allows us to contrast the Spanish legal framework with more open models, such as the Portuguese one, or with systems in which arbitration in public procurement matters is mandatory, such as the Peruvian one, with the aim of identifying practices that can potentially be transferred to the national context.
Direction
VALIÑO CES, ALMUDENA (Tutorships)
VALIÑO CES, ALMUDENA (Tutorships)
Court
VALIÑO CES, ALMUDENA (Student’s tutor)
VALIÑO CES, ALMUDENA (Student’s tutor)
Labour Stress, Vital Satisfaction, Subjective Wellbeing and Perceived Organizational Support as determinants of Work Satisfaction: one study in the public non-universitary teaching staff in the Autonomous Community of Galicia
Authorship
X.G.T.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
X.G.T.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
Defense date
09.12.2025 09:30
09.12.2025 09:30
Summary
This study aims to explore the relationship between the variables of Work Stress, Perceived Organizational Support, Life Satisfaction, Subjective Well-Being, and Job Satisfaction, as well as to assess the extent to which they may act as determinants of Job Satisfaction. The research was conducted among non-university public school teachers in the Galician region. The results indicate that Perceived Organizational Support functions as an independent variable in relation to the other variables, except for Life Satisfaction, and that Work Stress acts as a moderating variable. Additionally, all variables, show a dual role as both independent and dependent variables in relation to Job Satisfaction.
This study aims to explore the relationship between the variables of Work Stress, Perceived Organizational Support, Life Satisfaction, Subjective Well-Being, and Job Satisfaction, as well as to assess the extent to which they may act as determinants of Job Satisfaction. The research was conducted among non-university public school teachers in the Galician region. The results indicate that Perceived Organizational Support functions as an independent variable in relation to the other variables, except for Life Satisfaction, and that Work Stress acts as a moderating variable. Additionally, all variables, show a dual role as both independent and dependent variables in relation to Job Satisfaction.
Direction
LADO CAMPELO, MARIO ANTONIO (Tutorships)
LADO CAMPELO, MARIO ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
CURTO RODRIGUEZ, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SAIFULINA , NAILYA (Secretary)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Member)
CURTO RODRIGUEZ, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SAIFULINA , NAILYA (Secretary)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Member)
Protection of the informant in the local Administration
Authorship
A.J.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.J.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.11.2025 12:00
09.11.2025 12:00
Summary
In this work is done a general study on the novelties that has entered in the juridical spanish legislation the Law 2/2023, of 20 February, regulatory of the protection of the people that inform on normative infringements and of fight against the corruption; and what has supposed so much for the public entities as for the informants. Like this, along this study will analyse questions like the operation of each one of the systems of information to which will be able to attend the informants (the internal channel, the external channel or the public disclosure); the measures of protection to which will be able to receive the informants and the conditions that have to fulfil to such effect; and, finally, the penalizing diet and the planned sanctions.
In this work is done a general study on the novelties that has entered in the juridical spanish legislation the Law 2/2023, of 20 February, regulatory of the protection of the people that inform on normative infringements and of fight against the corruption; and what has supposed so much for the public entities as for the informants. Like this, along this study will analyse questions like the operation of each one of the systems of information to which will be able to attend the informants (the internal channel, the external channel or the public disclosure); the measures of protection to which will be able to receive the informants and the conditions that have to fulfil to such effect; and, finally, the penalizing diet and the planned sanctions.
Direction
Santiago Iglesias, Diana (Tutorships)
Santiago Iglesias, Diana (Tutorships)
Court
Santiago Iglesias, Diana (Student’s tutor)
Santiago Iglesias, Diana (Student’s tutor)
Burnout, characterization, effects and prevention strategies.
Authorship
M.L.G.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
M.L.G.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
Defense date
09.12.2025 09:30
09.12.2025 09:30
Summary
Burnout is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion caused by chronic work-related stress. It was psychologist Christina Maslach who first raised awareness of the existence and study of this concept, in addition to developing the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), an internationally recognized tool for measuring the phenomenon. Officially recognized by the World Health Organization, burnout is considered a work-related problem, not a medical condition. It particularly affects professionals exposed to high emotional demands, such as teachers, nurses, and social workers. Ultimately, it is a risk to the mental health of workers in the workplace that reflects the need to assess personal, organizational, social, and workplace circumstances to improve well-being and productivity.
Burnout is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion caused by chronic work-related stress. It was psychologist Christina Maslach who first raised awareness of the existence and study of this concept, in addition to developing the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), an internationally recognized tool for measuring the phenomenon. Officially recognized by the World Health Organization, burnout is considered a work-related problem, not a medical condition. It particularly affects professionals exposed to high emotional demands, such as teachers, nurses, and social workers. Ultimately, it is a risk to the mental health of workers in the workplace that reflects the need to assess personal, organizational, social, and workplace circumstances to improve well-being and productivity.
Direction
SIXTO SANJOSE, VICTOR MANUEL (Tutorships)
SIXTO SANJOSE, VICTOR MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
CURTO RODRIGUEZ, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SAIFULINA , NAILYA (Secretary)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Member)
CURTO RODRIGUEZ, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SAIFULINA , NAILYA (Secretary)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Member)
Casde of Fragoso Dacosta v. Spain: the crime of offences against the flag and the ECHR Doctrine
Authorship
M.C.L.R.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.C.L.R.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.11.2025 13:00
09.11.2025 13:00
Summary
The Spanish Constitutional Court Ruling 190/2020, 15 of December, in which a trade union representative was condemned for verbally insulting the Spanish flag while protesting during a strike regarding unpaid wages. The latter appealed to the European Court of Human Rights, which led to the decision of the Strasbourg court admitting the appeal and correcting the Spanish court’s decision, thus establishing the European doctrine on the limits of the exercise of the right to freedom of expression. This study aims to analyse the compatibility of the crime of offences against the flag, contemplated by article 543 of the Spanish Criminal Code, with the right to freedom of ideology and expression, particularly in the light of the jurisprudential doctrine and interpretative criteria of the European Court of Human Rights. To this end, this paper includes a detailed study of the national and European legal framework concerning the aforementioned rights and limits, as well as an in-depth analysis of the offence of desecration against the Spanish flag in the Spanish legal system, its nature, characteristics, historical evolution, and current legal situation, and a brief analysis of comparative law. Subsequently, Constitutional Court Judgment 190/2020, which dismisses the trade unionist’s appeal, is taken into account in order to analyse the application of said offence by the Spanish courts, and so is the following response by the ECHR and its ruling on the Fragoso Dacosta case against Spain, where it grants protection to the applicant and declares the violation of article 10 of the Convention by the Spanish courts. Other rulings by the European Court are also analysed in order to establish the by the Court’s interpretation criteria. The study concludes that, apart from not considering the existence of the crime of offences against the Spanish flag problematic, it does determine that the Spanish courts have an excessively restrictive interpretation, which is contrary to the ECHR doctrine, particularly protective of the right to freedom of speech.
The Spanish Constitutional Court Ruling 190/2020, 15 of December, in which a trade union representative was condemned for verbally insulting the Spanish flag while protesting during a strike regarding unpaid wages. The latter appealed to the European Court of Human Rights, which led to the decision of the Strasbourg court admitting the appeal and correcting the Spanish court’s decision, thus establishing the European doctrine on the limits of the exercise of the right to freedom of expression. This study aims to analyse the compatibility of the crime of offences against the flag, contemplated by article 543 of the Spanish Criminal Code, with the right to freedom of ideology and expression, particularly in the light of the jurisprudential doctrine and interpretative criteria of the European Court of Human Rights. To this end, this paper includes a detailed study of the national and European legal framework concerning the aforementioned rights and limits, as well as an in-depth analysis of the offence of desecration against the Spanish flag in the Spanish legal system, its nature, characteristics, historical evolution, and current legal situation, and a brief analysis of comparative law. Subsequently, Constitutional Court Judgment 190/2020, which dismisses the trade unionist’s appeal, is taken into account in order to analyse the application of said offence by the Spanish courts, and so is the following response by the ECHR and its ruling on the Fragoso Dacosta case against Spain, where it grants protection to the applicant and declares the violation of article 10 of the Convention by the Spanish courts. Other rulings by the European Court are also analysed in order to establish the by the Court’s interpretation criteria. The study concludes that, apart from not considering the existence of the crime of offences against the Spanish flag problematic, it does determine that the Spanish courts have an excessively restrictive interpretation, which is contrary to the ECHR doctrine, particularly protective of the right to freedom of speech.
Direction
ARENAS MEZA, MIGUEL ENRIQUE (Tutorships)
ARENAS MEZA, MIGUEL ENRIQUE (Tutorships)
Court
GUDE FERNANDEZ, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
Santiago Iglesias, Diana (Secretary)
TEIJO GARCIA, CARLOS (Member)
GUDE FERNANDEZ, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
Santiago Iglesias, Diana (Secretary)
TEIJO GARCIA, CARLOS (Member)
Cumulative protection of design and author's rights: special reference to the fashion industry
Authorship
U.M.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
U.M.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.10.2025 13:00
09.10.2025 13:00
Summary
The legal protection of designs has traditionally been a matter of great importance in the industrial field. However, this issue has gained increasing relevance in other sectors, such as the textile industry. Over time, a dichotomy has emerged regarding their legal protection: on the one hand, through industrial property law, and on the other, under the specific regime of author's rights law. The coexistence of both forms of protection has given rise to various doctrinal approaches, especially in sectors where functionality and artistic expression converge in the same product. This possibility of concurrent legal protection has become a major issue, particularly in products where designs not only serve utilitarian purposes but also constitute protectable artistic expressions. To address this, different systems of accumulation have been developed, namely: absolute accumulation, restrictive accumulation, and non-accumulation. European and Spanish legislation are moving towards regulating this matter, which will lead to the evolution of case law, shaping different stages through judicial decisions.
The legal protection of designs has traditionally been a matter of great importance in the industrial field. However, this issue has gained increasing relevance in other sectors, such as the textile industry. Over time, a dichotomy has emerged regarding their legal protection: on the one hand, through industrial property law, and on the other, under the specific regime of author's rights law. The coexistence of both forms of protection has given rise to various doctrinal approaches, especially in sectors where functionality and artistic expression converge in the same product. This possibility of concurrent legal protection has become a major issue, particularly in products where designs not only serve utilitarian purposes but also constitute protectable artistic expressions. To address this, different systems of accumulation have been developed, namely: absolute accumulation, restrictive accumulation, and non-accumulation. European and Spanish legislation are moving towards regulating this matter, which will lead to the evolution of case law, shaping different stages through judicial decisions.
Direction
FRAMIÑAN SANTAS, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
FRAMIÑAN SANTAS, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
FRAMIÑAN SANTAS, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Student’s tutor)
FRAMIÑAN SANTAS, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Student’s tutor)
The role of impulsivity in the recidivism of sexual offenders: systematic review
Authorship
M.M.F.
Bachelor of Criminology
M.M.F.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
09.11.2025 17:00
09.11.2025 17:00
Summary
Sexual crime is a problem that involves great concern for society due to the impact it generates on victims and on the general population’s perception of security. One of the main challenges is to study the elements that influence sexual recidivism and the assessment of criminal risk, as its prediction is essential for the intervention and prevention of new crimes. Among the dynamic risk factors associated with the recidivism of sexual offenders, impulsivity is of special interest in relation to the deficit in inhibitory control, hasty decision-making, and difficulty in planning actions and evaluating their consequences. This work aims to analyze the influence of impulsivity as a personality trait on the recidivism of sexual offenders and on the prediction of criminal risk. To this end, a theoretical review of sexual recidivism and its risk assessment has been carried out, as well as an approach to impulsivity, its dimensions, and measurement scales. Subsequently, a systematic review of recent empirical evidence in this field has been carried out. The results conclude that there is evidence showing that impulsivity is related to a higher risk of sexual recidivism. Despite this, the volume of research on the subject is limited, and the definition of the construct and the instruments used for its measurement are heterogeneous. Therefore, it is inferred that there is a need to expand research in general and the importance of standardizing the evaluation of impulsivity as part of criminal risk assessment and as an element to work on in intervention programs.
Sexual crime is a problem that involves great concern for society due to the impact it generates on victims and on the general population’s perception of security. One of the main challenges is to study the elements that influence sexual recidivism and the assessment of criminal risk, as its prediction is essential for the intervention and prevention of new crimes. Among the dynamic risk factors associated with the recidivism of sexual offenders, impulsivity is of special interest in relation to the deficit in inhibitory control, hasty decision-making, and difficulty in planning actions and evaluating their consequences. This work aims to analyze the influence of impulsivity as a personality trait on the recidivism of sexual offenders and on the prediction of criminal risk. To this end, a theoretical review of sexual recidivism and its risk assessment has been carried out, as well as an approach to impulsivity, its dimensions, and measurement scales. Subsequently, a systematic review of recent empirical evidence in this field has been carried out. The results conclude that there is evidence showing that impulsivity is related to a higher risk of sexual recidivism. Despite this, the volume of research on the subject is limited, and the definition of the construct and the instruments used for its measurement are heterogeneous. Therefore, it is inferred that there is a need to expand research in general and the importance of standardizing the evaluation of impulsivity as part of criminal risk assessment and as an element to work on in intervention programs.
Direction
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Tutorships)
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Tutorships)
Court
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Student’s tutor)
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Student’s tutor)
The threat of disinformation to the rule of law
Authorship
A.M.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.M.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.11.2025 09:15
09.11.2025 09:15
Summary
In recent years, disinformation has become one of the most concerning issues undermining the quality of democracies and affecting their proper functioning. It is a phenomenon that has found ideal conditions to thrive on the Internet and social media. Orchestrated by governments, institutions, media outlets, and wealthy individuals, it affects core aspects of democracy, including electoral processes, trust in institutions, and the formation of public opinion, while simultaneously polarizing the population and fostering a persistent sense of crisis and unrest. In short, it poses a threat to the rule of law. This paper analyses how the rise of disinformation and post-truth directly affects two fundamental rights of citizens: freedom of expression and the right to information, both enshrined in Article 20 of the Spanish Constitution. These rights are essential for the development of a free public opinion, free from control and manipulation. In response to this challenge, collaboration among the European Union, national governments, the media, and civil society is crucial to achieving effective solutions. While legal measures still lack broad consensus, other initiatives such as fact-checking organizations have not yet produced the desired results.
In recent years, disinformation has become one of the most concerning issues undermining the quality of democracies and affecting their proper functioning. It is a phenomenon that has found ideal conditions to thrive on the Internet and social media. Orchestrated by governments, institutions, media outlets, and wealthy individuals, it affects core aspects of democracy, including electoral processes, trust in institutions, and the formation of public opinion, while simultaneously polarizing the population and fostering a persistent sense of crisis and unrest. In short, it poses a threat to the rule of law. This paper analyses how the rise of disinformation and post-truth directly affects two fundamental rights of citizens: freedom of expression and the right to information, both enshrined in Article 20 of the Spanish Constitution. These rights are essential for the development of a free public opinion, free from control and manipulation. In response to this challenge, collaboration among the European Union, national governments, the media, and civil society is crucial to achieving effective solutions. While legal measures still lack broad consensus, other initiatives such as fact-checking organizations have not yet produced the desired results.
Direction
SIXTO GARCIA, JOSE (Tutorships)
SIXTO GARCIA, JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
SIXTO GARCIA, JOSE (Student’s tutor)
SIXTO GARCIA, JOSE (Student’s tutor)
Damaged caused by robots as autonomous systems.
Authorship
E.N.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
E.N.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.11.2025 12:00
09.11.2025 12:00
Summary
In the 21st century, often referred to as the technological age marked by the rapid advancement of new technologies, this paper addresses the issue of regulating damages caused by robots as autonomous systems, with a particular focus on artificial intelligence and robotics. This study focuses on the analysis of civil liability for damages caused by robots, based on the understanding that these machines are currently considered products or objects without separate legal personality. However, there are opposing views advocating for the recognition of an electronic personality for such systems. Given the exponential increase in the use of intelligent and autonomous machines in various areas of daily life, there is growing concern about establishing an appropriate legal framework to hold humans accountable. This paper concentrates on liability claims for damages caused by robots considered as defective products. Furthermore, it highlights the need for the development of a uniform legal framework to adapt existing legislation to current technological realities, thereby ensuring effective and coherent regulation in the field of artificial intelligence.
In the 21st century, often referred to as the technological age marked by the rapid advancement of new technologies, this paper addresses the issue of regulating damages caused by robots as autonomous systems, with a particular focus on artificial intelligence and robotics. This study focuses on the analysis of civil liability for damages caused by robots, based on the understanding that these machines are currently considered products or objects without separate legal personality. However, there are opposing views advocating for the recognition of an electronic personality for such systems. Given the exponential increase in the use of intelligent and autonomous machines in various areas of daily life, there is growing concern about establishing an appropriate legal framework to hold humans accountable. This paper concentrates on liability claims for damages caused by robots considered as defective products. Furthermore, it highlights the need for the development of a uniform legal framework to adapt existing legislation to current technological realities, thereby ensuring effective and coherent regulation in the field of artificial intelligence.
Direction
LETE ACHIRICA, JAVIER (Tutorships)
LETE ACHIRICA, JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
DIAZ MARTINEZ, ANA (Chairman)
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Secretary)
CARBALLO FIDALGO, MARTA (Member)
DIAZ MARTINEZ, ANA (Chairman)
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Secretary)
CARBALLO FIDALGO, MARTA (Member)
Disciplinary dismissal. Formal requirement of prior hearing.
Authorship
A.P.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.P.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.12.2025 12:00
09.12.2025 12:00
Summary
This Final Degree Project addresses, within the field of Labour Law, the concept of disciplinary dismissal and the causes that give rise to such a sanction. Specifically, the central focus of this analysis is the legal-technical study of the prior hearing procedure, which can be defined as a fundamental mechanism for preserving the employee's right to defence and ensuring transparency in the process of termination of the employment relationship. The prior hearing represents a step forward in the protection of workers' rights and reinforces legal certainty for companies. It is a measure that guarantees a fairer and more equitable process, reducing labour disputes and promoting a climate of greater transparency in labour relations. One of the most noteworthy points of this work is the recent Supreme Court ruling 1250/2024 of 18 November 2024, which marks a turning point in labour law in Spain. Consequently, Article 7 of Convention No. 158 of the International Labour Organisation will also be important. This article establishes the principle that, before their employment relationship is terminated, workers must have the opportunity to defend themselves against the charges brought against them, which means that these charges must be expressed and brought to their attention before termination.
This Final Degree Project addresses, within the field of Labour Law, the concept of disciplinary dismissal and the causes that give rise to such a sanction. Specifically, the central focus of this analysis is the legal-technical study of the prior hearing procedure, which can be defined as a fundamental mechanism for preserving the employee's right to defence and ensuring transparency in the process of termination of the employment relationship. The prior hearing represents a step forward in the protection of workers' rights and reinforces legal certainty for companies. It is a measure that guarantees a fairer and more equitable process, reducing labour disputes and promoting a climate of greater transparency in labour relations. One of the most noteworthy points of this work is the recent Supreme Court ruling 1250/2024 of 18 November 2024, which marks a turning point in labour law in Spain. Consequently, Article 7 of Convention No. 158 of the International Labour Organisation will also be important. This article establishes the principle that, before their employment relationship is terminated, workers must have the opportunity to defend themselves against the charges brought against them, which means that these charges must be expressed and brought to their attention before termination.
Direction
TORRES GARCIA, BARBARA (Tutorships)
TORRES GARCIA, BARBARA (Tutorships)
Court
TORRES GARCIA, BARBARA (Student’s tutor)
TORRES GARCIA, BARBARA (Student’s tutor)
Contractual offer of the 2023 Proposal for the Modernization of the Civil Code on obligations and contracts
Authorship
T.R.Q.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
T.R.Q.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.10.2025 13:30
09.10.2025 13:30
Summary
This paper presents an analysis of the doctrinal and jurisprudential evolution of the contractual offer through Articles 1244 to the 1248 of the 2023 Proposal for the Modernization of the Civil Code on obligations and contracts. Based on this proposal, the study examines the essential requirements a contractual offer must contain, its capacity to produce legal effects, and the key moments of the precontractual phase. Through international regulation, the origin of these articles is studied by analyzing the concept of the offer. The analysis focuses on the offer as a legally binding declaration of intent, assessing elements such as the revocation of the offer, liability arising from an undue revocation, and the different ways an offer can be extinguished before acceptance.
This paper presents an analysis of the doctrinal and jurisprudential evolution of the contractual offer through Articles 1244 to the 1248 of the 2023 Proposal for the Modernization of the Civil Code on obligations and contracts. Based on this proposal, the study examines the essential requirements a contractual offer must contain, its capacity to produce legal effects, and the key moments of the precontractual phase. Through international regulation, the origin of these articles is studied by analyzing the concept of the offer. The analysis focuses on the offer as a legally binding declaration of intent, assessing elements such as the revocation of the offer, liability arising from an undue revocation, and the different ways an offer can be extinguished before acceptance.
Direction
LETE ACHIRICA, JAVIER (Tutorships)
LETE ACHIRICA, JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
LETE ACHIRICA, JAVIER (Student’s tutor)
LETE ACHIRICA, JAVIER (Student’s tutor)
Hate in the crime of murder
Authorship
M.S.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.S.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
09.10.2025 12:30
09.10.2025 12:30
Summary
The present work deals with the study of the role played by hatred in the crime of murder. To this end, a conceptualization of hatred in law is first carried out, concretising it in the legalcriminal field. In which the analysis of the crimes classified as hate crimes in article 510 CP is developed. Subsequently, the object of study focuses on the penal and constitutional legal framework of our legal system. Thus, first of all, a brief analysis of the crime of murder is carried out, followed by a study of Article 22.4 CP, in which discrimination on grounds of race, sex, sexual orientation or other motives for committing crimes is defined as an aggravating factor. In addition, a study is being carried out on the jurisprudential trend that exists in Spain with regard to the interpretation and application of the aggravating factor of hatred in criminal offences. Individual cases are analysed on the basis of their judgements in order to bring the development of content closer to social examples. Finally, there is a critical reflection on the subject, in which the study of hatred and research into its role in today’s society leads to the conclusion that legal protection for certain groups in society is not sufficient. Observing the hostility, which seems to have increased in recent years, shows that intolerance remains deeply rooted in society despite the evolution it has experienced.
The present work deals with the study of the role played by hatred in the crime of murder. To this end, a conceptualization of hatred in law is first carried out, concretising it in the legalcriminal field. In which the analysis of the crimes classified as hate crimes in article 510 CP is developed. Subsequently, the object of study focuses on the penal and constitutional legal framework of our legal system. Thus, first of all, a brief analysis of the crime of murder is carried out, followed by a study of Article 22.4 CP, in which discrimination on grounds of race, sex, sexual orientation or other motives for committing crimes is defined as an aggravating factor. In addition, a study is being carried out on the jurisprudential trend that exists in Spain with regard to the interpretation and application of the aggravating factor of hatred in criminal offences. Individual cases are analysed on the basis of their judgements in order to bring the development of content closer to social examples. Finally, there is a critical reflection on the subject, in which the study of hatred and research into its role in today’s society leads to the conclusion that legal protection for certain groups in society is not sufficient. Observing the hostility, which seems to have increased in recent years, shows that intolerance remains deeply rooted in society despite the evolution it has experienced.
Direction
SEGURA ORTEGA, MANUEL (Tutorships)
SEGURA ORTEGA, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
SEGURA ORTEGA, MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
SEGURA ORTEGA, MANUEL (Student’s tutor)