New therapeutic approaches for age-related macular degeneration.
Authorship
C.G.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.G.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 13:00
07.22.2024 13:00
Summary
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in people over 60 years old worldwide. This chronic degenerative disease can be classified, based on its progression, into two types: “non-neovascular” or “dry form” (90% of cases) and “neovascular” or “wet form” (remaining 10%). AMD is characterised by the presence of drusen in the early stages and by geographic atrophy or choroidal neovascularisation in more advanced stages. Its pathogenesis involves different pathways, raising various therapeutic challenges. Current treatments are highly invasive, have numerous complications, and do not provide sustained clinical effects. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new treatments that can improve the quality of life of patients, especially given the growing number of people affected. The main objective of this work is to study, through a literature review, the new treatments for AMD, as well as analysing their classification and status, routes of administration, and clinical implications.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in people over 60 years old worldwide. This chronic degenerative disease can be classified, based on its progression, into two types: “non-neovascular” or “dry form” (90% of cases) and “neovascular” or “wet form” (remaining 10%). AMD is characterised by the presence of drusen in the early stages and by geographic atrophy or choroidal neovascularisation in more advanced stages. Its pathogenesis involves different pathways, raising various therapeutic challenges. Current treatments are highly invasive, have numerous complications, and do not provide sustained clinical effects. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new treatments that can improve the quality of life of patients, especially given the growing number of people affected. The main objective of this work is to study, through a literature review, the new treatments for AMD, as well as analysing their classification and status, routes of administration, and clinical implications.
Direction
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Role of autoantigens in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS).
Authorship
A.I.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.I.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:20
07.22.2024 09:20
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is a condition characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath present in neurons, giving rise to an irreversible neurodegeneration process. MS presents with a great variety and intensity of symptoms, so that both diagnosis and treatment require being individual and personalized. The underlying etiological cause is largely unknown. However, certain abnormal T cells, which are reactive against the body's own molecules, have been shown to play a central role. In turn, there is numerous evidence that supports a possible viral etiology of MS that lies in the involvement of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), molecular mimicry and cross-reactivity. This is probably a multifactorial pathogenesis. Autoantigens play a key role in the pathogenesis of MS, despite the fact that their entire repertoire is not known. Recently, new autoantigens have been identified, leaving aside the predominance of myelin sheath proteins, to add promising lines of research that include non-specific myelin proteins. This bibliographic review studies the autoantigens of MS and their corresponding evidence, as well as highlights different antigens involved in the disease that could be useful in future diagnostic tools and immunomodulatory therapies. This work demonstrates the heterogeneity of autoreactive profiles, while demonstrating that it is a disorder whose etiology is largely unknown.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is a condition characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath present in neurons, giving rise to an irreversible neurodegeneration process. MS presents with a great variety and intensity of symptoms, so that both diagnosis and treatment require being individual and personalized. The underlying etiological cause is largely unknown. However, certain abnormal T cells, which are reactive against the body's own molecules, have been shown to play a central role. In turn, there is numerous evidence that supports a possible viral etiology of MS that lies in the involvement of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), molecular mimicry and cross-reactivity. This is probably a multifactorial pathogenesis. Autoantigens play a key role in the pathogenesis of MS, despite the fact that their entire repertoire is not known. Recently, new autoantigens have been identified, leaving aside the predominance of myelin sheath proteins, to add promising lines of research that include non-specific myelin proteins. This bibliographic review studies the autoantigens of MS and their corresponding evidence, as well as highlights different antigens involved in the disease that could be useful in future diagnostic tools and immunomodulatory therapies. This work demonstrates the heterogeneity of autoreactive profiles, while demonstrating that it is a disorder whose etiology is largely unknown.
Direction
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Tutorships)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Alopecia. Types, causes and treatments.
Authorship
A.M.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.M.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:40
07.22.2024 09:40
Summary
This Final Degree Project focuses on the study of alopecia, a condition that affects people of all ages and genders, impacting both their appearance and emotional well-being. This condition, which can have significant psychological consequences, mainly presents as androgenic alopecia, areata alopecia, and cicatricial alopecia, although other less common variants will also be discussed. The causes of alopecia include genetic, hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors. Recent research advancements have led to the development of more specific and personalizes treatments. Among the therapeutic options are topical and oral medications such as minoxidil and finasteride, as well as emerging treatments like platelet-rich plasma injections, which are gaining popularity for their potential to stimulate hair regeneration. This project provides a comprehensive overview of alopecia, addressing its types, causes, and treatments thought an exhaustive review of scientific literature and recent clinical studies.
This Final Degree Project focuses on the study of alopecia, a condition that affects people of all ages and genders, impacting both their appearance and emotional well-being. This condition, which can have significant psychological consequences, mainly presents as androgenic alopecia, areata alopecia, and cicatricial alopecia, although other less common variants will also be discussed. The causes of alopecia include genetic, hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors. Recent research advancements have led to the development of more specific and personalizes treatments. Among the therapeutic options are topical and oral medications such as minoxidil and finasteride, as well as emerging treatments like platelet-rich plasma injections, which are gaining popularity for their potential to stimulate hair regeneration. This project provides a comprehensive overview of alopecia, addressing its types, causes, and treatments thought an exhaustive review of scientific literature and recent clinical studies.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Importance of the growing spread of the bed bug Cimex lectularius
Authorship
A.N.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.N.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:00
07.22.2024 10:00
Summary
Those known as bed bugs of the species Cimex lectularius have reemerged globally in recent decades. Although since the 1960s they were considered a minor problem, since insecticides could effectively control pests, today they represent a major problem on both a social and individual level. The emergence of resistance to insecticides has greatly limited pest control, in addition, more and more resistance mechanisms are known. To try to reduce its spread, individual and collective measures must be taken. Prevention and early detection are the most effective methods to control this insect. In the event of a pest, the association of non-chemical and chemical methods should always be used as a control method. With the current resurgence of bed bugs, more than ever, their role as vectors of other diseases is being questioned, as they could contribute to the spread of these diseases. Although multiple pathogens have been detected in bed bugs and various hypotheses and studies have been raised on the subject, today no clear conclusion has been reached. Above all, its role as a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi is being studied, due to the similarities that these bed bugs present with those of the Reduviidae family, biological vectors of this protozoan.
Those known as bed bugs of the species Cimex lectularius have reemerged globally in recent decades. Although since the 1960s they were considered a minor problem, since insecticides could effectively control pests, today they represent a major problem on both a social and individual level. The emergence of resistance to insecticides has greatly limited pest control, in addition, more and more resistance mechanisms are known. To try to reduce its spread, individual and collective measures must be taken. Prevention and early detection are the most effective methods to control this insect. In the event of a pest, the association of non-chemical and chemical methods should always be used as a control method. With the current resurgence of bed bugs, more than ever, their role as vectors of other diseases is being questioned, as they could contribute to the spread of these diseases. Although multiple pathogens have been detected in bed bugs and various hypotheses and studies have been raised on the subject, today no clear conclusion has been reached. Above all, its role as a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi is being studied, due to the similarities that these bed bugs present with those of the Reduviidae family, biological vectors of this protozoan.
Direction
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Tutorships)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Overdose of fentanyl and fentanyl analogues.
Authorship
Y.P.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Y.P.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:20
07.22.2024 10:20
Summary
Introduction: Currently, there has been an increase in mortality from overdose by fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, fast-acting, pure mu-receptor agonist with a lethal dose of approximately 2 mg and 50-100 times the potency of morphine, and by its analogues of similar or higher potency. Objectives: Describe the signs and symptoms of fentanyl and fentanyl analog overdoses, identify treatment and prevention strategies, understand how they affect tolerance, dependence and addiction, and analyze the current situation in the United States, Europe and Spain. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Web of Science and in official organizations, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results and discussion: In 2022, approximately 107,941 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States with fentanyl and fentanyl analogs being the main culprits and respiratory depression being one of the most serious consequences. Naloxone is the treatment of choice for overdose and buprenorphine, methadone and naltrexone are used for the treatment of dependence and addiction. In Europe heroin is the most consumed illegal opioid and in Spain the most consumed analgesics are codeine and tramadol, however, in recent years there has been increasing concern about fentanyl and its analogues. Conclusions: Policies to control and distribute opioids, facilitate access to naloxone and promote therapeutic interventions against dependence should be promoted.
Introduction: Currently, there has been an increase in mortality from overdose by fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, fast-acting, pure mu-receptor agonist with a lethal dose of approximately 2 mg and 50-100 times the potency of morphine, and by its analogues of similar or higher potency. Objectives: Describe the signs and symptoms of fentanyl and fentanyl analog overdoses, identify treatment and prevention strategies, understand how they affect tolerance, dependence and addiction, and analyze the current situation in the United States, Europe and Spain. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Web of Science and in official organizations, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results and discussion: In 2022, approximately 107,941 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States with fentanyl and fentanyl analogs being the main culprits and respiratory depression being one of the most serious consequences. Naloxone is the treatment of choice for overdose and buprenorphine, methadone and naltrexone are used for the treatment of dependence and addiction. In Europe heroin is the most consumed illegal opioid and in Spain the most consumed analgesics are codeine and tramadol, however, in recent years there has been increasing concern about fentanyl and its analogues. Conclusions: Policies to control and distribute opioids, facilitate access to naloxone and promote therapeutic interventions against dependence should be promoted.
Direction
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Assessment of zeaxanthin and lutein in dietary supplements for macular health
Authorship
P.R.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
P.R.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:40
07.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Zeaxanthin and lutein are two plant pigments mainly found in green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale, chard, etc.) and various fruits. However, none of them gathers the needed criteria to be classified as essential nutrients since their absence is not related to the appearance of diseases or deficiencies. Their consumption has been linked, with a certain degree of current interest, due to a reduced risk of degenerative eye diseases. This is related to their presence in large quantities in the ocular macula, where they act as powerful antioxidants and filters against blue light. EFSA guidance on the recommended dietary allowance and growing public interest have led large pharmaceutical companies to market numerous food supplements promoting the two pigments as beneficial for eye health. Given the relative novelty of these supplements, there was a need to develop analytical techniques to guarantee the presence and quality of these compounds. Therefore, in this study, ten supplements marketed in Spain and/or Portugal were selected, and a suitable extraction method for the analytes was optimised. Their identification and quantification were carried out by HPLC-DAD, validating the method in terms of linearity, sensitivity and precision parameters. After the results obtained, extraction was achieved in most samples above the parameters defined by the manufacturer, indicating a possible incorporation of higher concentrations to ensure the minimum effective intake throughout the shelf-life of the presentation, thus avoiding degradation or variations due to environmental causes or conservation. Therefore, tighter quality standards with more effective and validated methodologies are required to know the real content in the product and to develop handling and conservation protocols, consequently slowing down the degradation processes.
Zeaxanthin and lutein are two plant pigments mainly found in green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale, chard, etc.) and various fruits. However, none of them gathers the needed criteria to be classified as essential nutrients since their absence is not related to the appearance of diseases or deficiencies. Their consumption has been linked, with a certain degree of current interest, due to a reduced risk of degenerative eye diseases. This is related to their presence in large quantities in the ocular macula, where they act as powerful antioxidants and filters against blue light. EFSA guidance on the recommended dietary allowance and growing public interest have led large pharmaceutical companies to market numerous food supplements promoting the two pigments as beneficial for eye health. Given the relative novelty of these supplements, there was a need to develop analytical techniques to guarantee the presence and quality of these compounds. Therefore, in this study, ten supplements marketed in Spain and/or Portugal were selected, and a suitable extraction method for the analytes was optimised. Their identification and quantification were carried out by HPLC-DAD, validating the method in terms of linearity, sensitivity and precision parameters. After the results obtained, extraction was achieved in most samples above the parameters defined by the manufacturer, indicating a possible incorporation of higher concentrations to ensure the minimum effective intake throughout the shelf-life of the presentation, thus avoiding degradation or variations due to environmental causes or conservation. Therefore, tighter quality standards with more effective and validated methodologies are required to know the real content in the product and to develop handling and conservation protocols, consequently slowing down the degradation processes.
Direction
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Infant Fórmulas in Neonates with Metabolic Disorders
Authorship
P.L.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
P.L.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:20
07.22.2024 09:20
Summary
Neonates have different characteristics from adults, and this has an impact on their nutritional needs. Adequate nutrition at this stage guarantees healthy growth and reduces the risk of long-term complications. However, there are infants with congenital metabolic diseases whose feeding is even more conditioned and crucial for their survival. There is now a neonatal screening programme that helps in early diagnosis so that treatment can be started immediately. Treatment is dietary, in the case of neonates, based on infant formulas free of the toxic metabolite, but these must be administered in combination with standard formulas or breast milk to achieve excellent levels of nutrients in the blood for healthy growth. The reality of this situation is that there are no study-supported combination strategies, the range of metabolic infant formulas available on the market is limited, and information for the diseases is biased, complicating their management.
Neonates have different characteristics from adults, and this has an impact on their nutritional needs. Adequate nutrition at this stage guarantees healthy growth and reduces the risk of long-term complications. However, there are infants with congenital metabolic diseases whose feeding is even more conditioned and crucial for their survival. There is now a neonatal screening programme that helps in early diagnosis so that treatment can be started immediately. Treatment is dietary, in the case of neonates, based on infant formulas free of the toxic metabolite, but these must be administered in combination with standard formulas or breast milk to achieve excellent levels of nutrients in the blood for healthy growth. The reality of this situation is that there are no study-supported combination strategies, the range of metabolic infant formulas available on the market is limited, and information for the diseases is biased, complicating their management.
Direction
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Tutorships)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Genetically modified bacteria as a tool for colorectal cancer detection
Authorship
F.M.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
F.M.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:40
07.22.2024 09:40
Summary
Colorectal cancer, among all types of cancer, is the third most common globally and represents the second leading cause of death from this disease. It is a condition whose incidence is related to age, family history os cancer, diet, overweight, sedentary liestyle... Both genetic and environmental factors play a crucial role in its development and progression. Thus, it can be linked to changes in the composition of the humaan body´s microbiota, with various studies revealing how bacteria contribute to tumor formation. To date, many articles have explored the use of human microbiota as a tool for cancer detection. Horewer, this review focuses on a new diagnostic approach base don the genetic modification os bacteria. Through the genetic modification os Acinetobacter baylyi, researchers have created biosensors capable of identifying and integrating only DNA from colorectal tumor sinto their structure, giving them the ability to discriminate specific mutations in the KRAS gene. This breakthrough quickly led to the development of biosensors useful for oncological diagnosis. To verify their effectiveness, they were tested and evaluated in both in vivo and in vitro assays. Although this technique requires certain adjustments for its future application in humans, it opens the door to a future effective, advantageous, and multifunctional diagnostic technique, allowing for both diagnosis and treatment administration.
Colorectal cancer, among all types of cancer, is the third most common globally and represents the second leading cause of death from this disease. It is a condition whose incidence is related to age, family history os cancer, diet, overweight, sedentary liestyle... Both genetic and environmental factors play a crucial role in its development and progression. Thus, it can be linked to changes in the composition of the humaan body´s microbiota, with various studies revealing how bacteria contribute to tumor formation. To date, many articles have explored the use of human microbiota as a tool for cancer detection. Horewer, this review focuses on a new diagnostic approach base don the genetic modification os bacteria. Through the genetic modification os Acinetobacter baylyi, researchers have created biosensors capable of identifying and integrating only DNA from colorectal tumor sinto their structure, giving them the ability to discriminate specific mutations in the KRAS gene. This breakthrough quickly led to the development of biosensors useful for oncological diagnosis. To verify their effectiveness, they were tested and evaluated in both in vivo and in vitro assays. Although this technique requires certain adjustments for its future application in humans, it opens the door to a future effective, advantageous, and multifunctional diagnostic technique, allowing for both diagnosis and treatment administration.
Direction
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Tutorships)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Application of Artificial Intelligence in disease detection and diagnosis
Authorship
M.A.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.A.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:00
07.22.2024 11:00
Summary
The different artificial intelligence algorithms such as Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Neural Networks, applied alongside massive amounts of data (known as Big Data), have shown promising results in the scientific and healthcare fields. They have been applied in telemedicine to support healthcare professionals through mobile applications and virtual agents that solve their inquiries and provide reliable health information to patients, thus reducing the burden on healthcare professionals. AI has been used in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment improvement of various diseases such as colorectal cancer, where significant improvement was seen in the detection of advanced adenomas and precancerous polyps using these algorithms during colonoscopies. Cardiovascular diseases are another area where these algorithms have been applied, in tests like echocardiography, where AI has been used as a support tool in the evaluation of cardiac images, demonstrating a better determination of anomalies in heart structures and thus a better assessment of cardiac functions. Similarly, it has found utility in infectious diseases such as Tuberculosis, Malaria, and COVID-19, where it significantly improved diagnostic efficiency and even classify patients by their degree of severity or to detect the risk of an epidemic outbreak.
The different artificial intelligence algorithms such as Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Neural Networks, applied alongside massive amounts of data (known as Big Data), have shown promising results in the scientific and healthcare fields. They have been applied in telemedicine to support healthcare professionals through mobile applications and virtual agents that solve their inquiries and provide reliable health information to patients, thus reducing the burden on healthcare professionals. AI has been used in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment improvement of various diseases such as colorectal cancer, where significant improvement was seen in the detection of advanced adenomas and precancerous polyps using these algorithms during colonoscopies. Cardiovascular diseases are another area where these algorithms have been applied, in tests like echocardiography, where AI has been used as a support tool in the evaluation of cardiac images, demonstrating a better determination of anomalies in heart structures and thus a better assessment of cardiac functions. Similarly, it has found utility in infectious diseases such as Tuberculosis, Malaria, and COVID-19, where it significantly improved diagnostic efficiency and even classify patients by their degree of severity or to detect the risk of an epidemic outbreak.
Direction
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Tutorships)
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Asbestos toxicity
Authorship
M.C.T.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.C.T.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:40
07.22.2024 11:40
Summary
The term asbestos encompasses two different fibrous mineral subgroups, namely the amphibole subgroup and the serpentine minerals subgroup. These have been widely employed as raw material in the production of numerous materials throughout the second half of the twentieth century, as their fibers have excellent physicochemical properties. This review aims to develop an exhaustive bibliographical search to assess the available evidence in relation to asbestos and its epidemiological impact; and several updated sources will be used, including scientific data bases and Spanish and European legislation among others. Many studies recognize that amosite and crocidolite fibers are more dangerous to health than chrysotile. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) has nowadays declared that all asbestos fibers cause serious health effects and people exposed to asbestos may suffer from asbestos-related diseases (ARD). There is no threshold below which the asbestos fiber concentration in the atmosphere is harmless. Therefore, the best option is to stop using it, regardless of the variety of asbestos concerned. The prohibition of asbestos in Spain, as well as the regulations on the protection of workers against the asbestos-related risks (Royal-Decree 396/2006, of the 31st of March) are both a key strategy regarding the prevention and reduction of the ARD incidence. However, decades may be needed in order to ensure a free-of-asbestos environment and the absence of its related risk.
The term asbestos encompasses two different fibrous mineral subgroups, namely the amphibole subgroup and the serpentine minerals subgroup. These have been widely employed as raw material in the production of numerous materials throughout the second half of the twentieth century, as their fibers have excellent physicochemical properties. This review aims to develop an exhaustive bibliographical search to assess the available evidence in relation to asbestos and its epidemiological impact; and several updated sources will be used, including scientific data bases and Spanish and European legislation among others. Many studies recognize that amosite and crocidolite fibers are more dangerous to health than chrysotile. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) has nowadays declared that all asbestos fibers cause serious health effects and people exposed to asbestos may suffer from asbestos-related diseases (ARD). There is no threshold below which the asbestos fiber concentration in the atmosphere is harmless. Therefore, the best option is to stop using it, regardless of the variety of asbestos concerned. The prohibition of asbestos in Spain, as well as the regulations on the protection of workers against the asbestos-related risks (Royal-Decree 396/2006, of the 31st of March) are both a key strategy regarding the prevention and reduction of the ARD incidence. However, decades may be needed in order to ensure a free-of-asbestos environment and the absence of its related risk.
Direction
SÁNCHEZ SELLERO, INÉS (Tutorships)
SÁNCHEZ SELLERO, INÉS (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neurodegenerative diseases: inflammation-mediated alterations in the cytoskeleton of the endothelial cells in the cerebral microvasculature
Authorship
C.F.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.F.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:00
07.22.2024 12:00
Summary
Some of the most prevalent neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), are closely associated with inflammatory events that compromise the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In these disorders, proinflammatory mediators play a crucial role in activating or inhibiting various signaling pathways that produce changes in the cytoskeleton of BBB endothelial cells. These cytoskeletal alterations result in significant dysfunction at the endothelial level, negatively affecting the cerebral microvasculature. As a result of these processes, there is an alteration in the structure and function of the BBB. The BBB deterioration facilitates the entry of toxic substances and immune cells into the brain, promoting neuroinflammation and contributing to the exacerbation of symptoms of the mentioned diseases and their progression, disrupting the homeostasis of the cerebral microenvironment and also affecting neuronal function by enhancing neuronal damage.
Some of the most prevalent neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), are closely associated with inflammatory events that compromise the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In these disorders, proinflammatory mediators play a crucial role in activating or inhibiting various signaling pathways that produce changes in the cytoskeleton of BBB endothelial cells. These cytoskeletal alterations result in significant dysfunction at the endothelial level, negatively affecting the cerebral microvasculature. As a result of these processes, there is an alteration in the structure and function of the BBB. The BBB deterioration facilitates the entry of toxic substances and immune cells into the brain, promoting neuroinflammation and contributing to the exacerbation of symptoms of the mentioned diseases and their progression, disrupting the homeostasis of the cerebral microenvironment and also affecting neuronal function by enhancing neuronal damage.
Direction
VIÑA CASTELAO, MARÍA DOLORES (Tutorships)
VIÑA CASTELAO, MARÍA DOLORES (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Crocus sativus L. Botanical characteristics, uses and associated problems
Authorship
R.F.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
R.F.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:20
07.22.2024 12:20
Summary
Crocus sativus L., commonly known as saffron, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the Iridaceae family. Originally from Asia Minor, this spice has played a prominent role throughout history due to its valuable stigmas, which are used in cooking, medicine and cosmetics. The plant grows from bulbs and produces purple flowers in autumn. From a therapeutic point of view, saffron has been the subject of research due to its possible health benefits. Antioxidant, antidepressant, and antiinflammatory properties are attributed to it. The chemical compounds present in the stigmas, such as crocin and safranal, are responsible for its medicinal properties. Despite its beneficial qualities, saffron faces significant challenges related to handling and adulteration. Given its high demand and cost, the saffron market is often affected by fraudulent practices, such as mixing with other substances or artificial coloring. The authenticity and purity of saffron are crucial issues to ensure its quality and safety.
Crocus sativus L., commonly known as saffron, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the Iridaceae family. Originally from Asia Minor, this spice has played a prominent role throughout history due to its valuable stigmas, which are used in cooking, medicine and cosmetics. The plant grows from bulbs and produces purple flowers in autumn. From a therapeutic point of view, saffron has been the subject of research due to its possible health benefits. Antioxidant, antidepressant, and antiinflammatory properties are attributed to it. The chemical compounds present in the stigmas, such as crocin and safranal, are responsible for its medicinal properties. Despite its beneficial qualities, saffron faces significant challenges related to handling and adulteration. Given its high demand and cost, the saffron market is often affected by fraudulent practices, such as mixing with other substances or artificial coloring. The authenticity and purity of saffron are crucial issues to ensure its quality and safety.
Direction
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Tutorships)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Systemic antibiotic prescription in primary care: geographical variability study in Galicia.
Authorship
D.G.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
D.G.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:40
07.22.2024 12:40
Summary
Antibiotic resistance poses a threat to public health. Both misuse and abuse of antibiotics are behind the selection of antibiotic resistant microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the geographic variability of systemic antibiotics (J01) prescribed in primary care (PC) along the 313 Galician municipalities, according to prescription indicators developed by PRAN. We conducted a retrospective ecological study of spatial aggregations using data from antibiotics prescribed and dispensed in each of the municipalities during the year 2023. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the differences between the defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants and per day (DHD), as well as for each of the indicators of antibiotic use in PC of PRAN through a series of sociodemographic variables. The outcomes showed a wide geographic variability, both in total J01 consumption and in the results of the different indicators among the 313 municipalities. Likewise, the sociodemographic variables studied are not able to explain this variability in the overall prescription of systemic antibiotics (DHD J01) in more than 12.3 percent, highlighting the number of PC physicians per 1000 inhabitants, which follows a positive correlation with total prescriptions (DHD). Our sociodemographic variables cannot explain more than 30 percent of the intermunicipal variability of the PRAN indicators. There is a wide uncertain variability, which can be mostly explained by the clinical practice of prescribers, leaving a whole room for improvement in terms of prescribing education and planning strategies.
Antibiotic resistance poses a threat to public health. Both misuse and abuse of antibiotics are behind the selection of antibiotic resistant microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the geographic variability of systemic antibiotics (J01) prescribed in primary care (PC) along the 313 Galician municipalities, according to prescription indicators developed by PRAN. We conducted a retrospective ecological study of spatial aggregations using data from antibiotics prescribed and dispensed in each of the municipalities during the year 2023. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the differences between the defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants and per day (DHD), as well as for each of the indicators of antibiotic use in PC of PRAN through a series of sociodemographic variables. The outcomes showed a wide geographic variability, both in total J01 consumption and in the results of the different indicators among the 313 municipalities. Likewise, the sociodemographic variables studied are not able to explain this variability in the overall prescription of systemic antibiotics (DHD J01) in more than 12.3 percent, highlighting the number of PC physicians per 1000 inhabitants, which follows a positive correlation with total prescriptions (DHD). Our sociodemographic variables cannot explain more than 30 percent of the intermunicipal variability of the PRAN indicators. There is a wide uncertain variability, which can be mostly explained by the clinical practice of prescribers, leaving a whole room for improvement in terms of prescribing education and planning strategies.
Direction
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Using transgenic plants as oral vaccines
Authorship
S.G.H.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
S.G.H.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 13:00
07.22.2024 13:00
Summary
Vaccines have had a significant impact on public health since their discovery. Over time, there has been a need for more innovative and accessible alternatives, thus developing new types of vaccines, highlighting edible oral vaccines using transgenic plants. A bibliographic review of various articles focused on this topic has been carried out, thus offering an overview of the use of genetic engineering for the production of these antigens and commenting on the most recent research in this field. In addition, other aspects have been assessed such as its mechanism of action, its effectiveness and the advantages, as well as the disadvantages compared to traditional vaccines.
Vaccines have had a significant impact on public health since their discovery. Over time, there has been a need for more innovative and accessible alternatives, thus developing new types of vaccines, highlighting edible oral vaccines using transgenic plants. A bibliographic review of various articles focused on this topic has been carried out, thus offering an overview of the use of genetic engineering for the production of these antigens and commenting on the most recent research in this field. In addition, other aspects have been assessed such as its mechanism of action, its effectiveness and the advantages, as well as the disadvantages compared to traditional vaccines.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
The phenol group: presence and impact on pharmacology
Authorship
M.L.N.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.L.N.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:20
07.22.2024 09:20
Summary
Among the drugs that are currently on the market, a high number correspond to drugs that contain in their structure at least one hydroxyl group linked to a benzene ring. Phenolic function is innately found in most of compounds that arise in nature, and it was the discovery of its beneficial attributes for human health that led to a detailed study of its effects and its subsequent use in the design of new treatments. The presence of a phenol group confers distinctive characteristics to compounds that may be of interest at a pharmacological level. Understanding the uniqueness of the phenolic motif in relation to its physicochemical, pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties is a determining factor for the advancement of the pharmaceutical sector.
Among the drugs that are currently on the market, a high number correspond to drugs that contain in their structure at least one hydroxyl group linked to a benzene ring. Phenolic function is innately found in most of compounds that arise in nature, and it was the discovery of its beneficial attributes for human health that led to a detailed study of its effects and its subsequent use in the design of new treatments. The presence of a phenol group confers distinctive characteristics to compounds that may be of interest at a pharmacological level. Understanding the uniqueness of the phenolic motif in relation to its physicochemical, pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties is a determining factor for the advancement of the pharmaceutical sector.
Direction
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
Use of viral vectors in gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases
Authorship
C.M.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.M.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:40
07.22.2024 09:40
Summary
It is indisputable that traditional pharmacological therapy, especially in the treatment of CNS diseases, presents significant limitations and merely superficially addresses the symptoms of the disease, while the quality of life for patients continues to be unacceptable. But what if we are on the verge of a radical change in medicine and about to achieve the long-sought goal of eradicating diseases from their origin? Gene therapy has transformed this distant utopia into an increasingly attainable reality. In recent years, recombinant adeno-associated viruses have emerged as the most promising vectors in gene therapy, thanks to their excellent safety and efficiency profile, as well as their tropism towards various tissues. Numerous clinical trials conducted on neurodegenerative diseases have demonstrated their efficacy, but their limitations have also been evident, highlighting the need for continued research in the development of next-generation vectors through techniques such as capsid engineering, genomic design optimization, and revolutionary biotechnologies. The approval in Europe of Zolgensma and Upstaza, two treatments based on AAV-mediated gene therapy, is irrefutable proof of its significant clinical progress, pointing to a promising future in the therapeutic reality of these conditions.
It is indisputable that traditional pharmacological therapy, especially in the treatment of CNS diseases, presents significant limitations and merely superficially addresses the symptoms of the disease, while the quality of life for patients continues to be unacceptable. But what if we are on the verge of a radical change in medicine and about to achieve the long-sought goal of eradicating diseases from their origin? Gene therapy has transformed this distant utopia into an increasingly attainable reality. In recent years, recombinant adeno-associated viruses have emerged as the most promising vectors in gene therapy, thanks to their excellent safety and efficiency profile, as well as their tropism towards various tissues. Numerous clinical trials conducted on neurodegenerative diseases have demonstrated their efficacy, but their limitations have also been evident, highlighting the need for continued research in the development of next-generation vectors through techniques such as capsid engineering, genomic design optimization, and revolutionary biotechnologies. The approval in Europe of Zolgensma and Upstaza, two treatments based on AAV-mediated gene therapy, is irrefutable proof of its significant clinical progress, pointing to a promising future in the therapeutic reality of these conditions.
Direction
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Tutorships)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
Immunotherapy as treatment of breast cancer
Authorship
A.H.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.H.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:20
02.22.2024 10:20
Summary
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that causes high mortality in women worldwide. There are certain risk factors that increases the probability of suffering breast cancer, therefore an early diagnosis can benefit the survival rate of this disease. Also, searching for targeted therapy specific to the characteristics of the neoplasia will benefit the cure or at least slow down the spread of the tumor cells, which grow without control, to other tissues or parts of the body. In this bibliographic review we will study different forms of immunotherapy known to date, as well as new therapeutic approaches for the right treatment of breast cancer. The main goal of immunotherapy is to optimize the patients immunological response by activating and boosting both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Currently, the only immunotherapy approved for the treatment of breast cancer are the anti PD1 and anti PDL1 checkpoints inhibitors. Both drugs have been a big discovery in the field of breast neoplasia and they are being introduced as the doctors treatment of choice for patients with this disease. Also, there are new immunotherapies in preclinical studies like antitumoral vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy or oncolytic virus, among others. These findings will also be studied through this review via clinical trials
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that causes high mortality in women worldwide. There are certain risk factors that increases the probability of suffering breast cancer, therefore an early diagnosis can benefit the survival rate of this disease. Also, searching for targeted therapy specific to the characteristics of the neoplasia will benefit the cure or at least slow down the spread of the tumor cells, which grow without control, to other tissues or parts of the body. In this bibliographic review we will study different forms of immunotherapy known to date, as well as new therapeutic approaches for the right treatment of breast cancer. The main goal of immunotherapy is to optimize the patients immunological response by activating and boosting both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Currently, the only immunotherapy approved for the treatment of breast cancer are the anti PD1 and anti PDL1 checkpoints inhibitors. Both drugs have been a big discovery in the field of breast neoplasia and they are being introduced as the doctors treatment of choice for patients with this disease. Also, there are new immunotherapies in preclinical studies like antitumoral vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy or oncolytic virus, among others. These findings will also be studied through this review via clinical trials
Direction
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
The liliaceae family in galician flora: diversity and medicinal and/or toxicological interests
Authorship
J.J.J.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
J.J.J.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:20
02.22.2024 10:20
Summary
In this study, we will assess the biodiversity of species belonging to the Liliaceae family in the Galicia region. To carry out this analysis, we will use information collected from specialized literature and geolocation data. We will focus on examining the genera currently included of this family. Since the classical concept of this family encompassed many more genera, but after significant taxonomic revisions, its current size is considerably smaller. The genera present in Galicia that we consider are Colchicum, Erythronium, Fritillaria, Gagea, Lilium, Merendera, Streptopus, Tulipa, Veratrum. During the research, we have also identified the reassignment of certain species that were previously part of this family to other taxa. Additionally, we will analyze those genera that have medicinal and/or toxicological interest.
In this study, we will assess the biodiversity of species belonging to the Liliaceae family in the Galicia region. To carry out this analysis, we will use information collected from specialized literature and geolocation data. We will focus on examining the genera currently included of this family. Since the classical concept of this family encompassed many more genera, but after significant taxonomic revisions, its current size is considerably smaller. The genera present in Galicia that we consider are Colchicum, Erythronium, Fritillaria, Gagea, Lilium, Merendera, Streptopus, Tulipa, Veratrum. During the research, we have also identified the reassignment of certain species that were previously part of this family to other taxa. Additionally, we will analyze those genera that have medicinal and/or toxicological interest.
Direction
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Validation of a questionnaire about undergraduate training in infectious diseases, resistance and antibiotic dispensation in pharmacy students
Authorship
P.O.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
P.O.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:00
07.22.2024 10:00
Summary
Introduction: antibiotic resistance is a major public health issue today. Therefore, it is crucial to emphasize the training of pharmacists as future dispensers. The objective of this study was to validate a questionnaire that assesses pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding the education received during their university degree on the use and dispensation of antibiotics, as well as bacterial resistance. Materials and Methods: an online questionnaire was developed and distributed to pharmacy students at the University of Santiago de Compostela through a social network. The questionnaire was structured into 5 dimensions with 28 items distributed across quality of care, communication skills, antibiotic resistance, teaching methodology, and antibiotic education in the faculty, to perform a reliability and validity analysis. Results: a total of 61 completed questionnaires were received. The mean age was 21.82 plus or minus 3.81 years, with 20 men (32.8%) and 41 women (67.2%). Content validity was analyzed by a nominal group of 5 experts and a focal group of 6 students. The questionnaire showed a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.799 and an adequate item discrimination capacity. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity, confirming the 5 predefined dimensions. Conclusion: the current questionnaire shows adequate reliability and validity, making it suitable for distribution to other populations of pharmacy students.
Introduction: antibiotic resistance is a major public health issue today. Therefore, it is crucial to emphasize the training of pharmacists as future dispensers. The objective of this study was to validate a questionnaire that assesses pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding the education received during their university degree on the use and dispensation of antibiotics, as well as bacterial resistance. Materials and Methods: an online questionnaire was developed and distributed to pharmacy students at the University of Santiago de Compostela through a social network. The questionnaire was structured into 5 dimensions with 28 items distributed across quality of care, communication skills, antibiotic resistance, teaching methodology, and antibiotic education in the faculty, to perform a reliability and validity analysis. Results: a total of 61 completed questionnaires were received. The mean age was 21.82 plus or minus 3.81 years, with 20 men (32.8%) and 41 women (67.2%). Content validity was analyzed by a nominal group of 5 experts and a focal group of 6 students. The questionnaire showed a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.799 and an adequate item discrimination capacity. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity, confirming the 5 predefined dimensions. Conclusion: the current questionnaire shows adequate reliability and validity, making it suitable for distribution to other populations of pharmacy students.
Direction
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Tutorships)
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Platinum nanoformulations for cancer therapy.
Authorship
L.P.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.P.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:20
07.22.2024 10:20
Summary
The clinical use of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin has revolutionized chemotherapy due to their high anticancer efficacy. However, these treatments have serious adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity. Furthermore, one of the main challenges of platinum therapy is the development of resistance to the treatment, either because the drug does not enter the cell or because it is inactivated inside. These compounds are frequently administered in combination with other chemotherapeutics to reduce their adverse effects and resistance, resulting in notable therapeutic benefits. However, in some cases, the effectiveness of these combination treatments is decreased due to the difference in the pharmacokinetic properties of the combination drugs. To overcome these limitations, the development of nanocarriers for Pt(II) drugs is providing promising strategies attributed to their versatile functionalities. They allow drugs to be encapsulated and directed specifically to the tumor, improving their distribution and effectiveness and reducing side effects. In addition, they also enable sustained release of the drug, maintaining effective concentrations in the tumor for a longer time. This literature review summarizes the platinum compounds currently approved in the clinic, the adverse effects and resistance associated with them. The significant advantages of nanoformulations are discussed and some of the promising platinum nanoformulations currently in clinical trials are explored, which could open new avenues for more personalized and effective treatments for cancer.
The clinical use of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin has revolutionized chemotherapy due to their high anticancer efficacy. However, these treatments have serious adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity. Furthermore, one of the main challenges of platinum therapy is the development of resistance to the treatment, either because the drug does not enter the cell or because it is inactivated inside. These compounds are frequently administered in combination with other chemotherapeutics to reduce their adverse effects and resistance, resulting in notable therapeutic benefits. However, in some cases, the effectiveness of these combination treatments is decreased due to the difference in the pharmacokinetic properties of the combination drugs. To overcome these limitations, the development of nanocarriers for Pt(II) drugs is providing promising strategies attributed to their versatile functionalities. They allow drugs to be encapsulated and directed specifically to the tumor, improving their distribution and effectiveness and reducing side effects. In addition, they also enable sustained release of the drug, maintaining effective concentrations in the tumor for a longer time. This literature review summarizes the platinum compounds currently approved in the clinic, the adverse effects and resistance associated with them. The significant advantages of nanoformulations are discussed and some of the promising platinum nanoformulations currently in clinical trials are explored, which could open new avenues for more personalized and effective treatments for cancer.
Direction
SÁNCHEZ GONZÁLEZ, Mª ÁNGELES (Tutorships)
SÁNCHEZ GONZÁLEZ, Mª ÁNGELES (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Fetal risks of oncologic treatments in pregnancy
Authorship
E.R.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
E.R.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:40
07.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Introduction: In Spain, in 2023, for the first time, cancer was the leading cause of death. Pregnancy-associated cancer (PAC) is diagnosed in 1 in 1,000 pregnancies, a risk of particular concern is the appearance of teratogenic effects on the fetus due to exposure to the mother's treatment. Objective: The main objective of this study was to study potential pharmacological treatments for cancer considering the risk to the fetus. Material and Methods: To this end, a bibliographic review has been carried out using the databases Pubmed, Scielo, Europe PMC and clinicaltrials.gov. Results: Among the selected articles, it was found that the most used treatments in the PAC include anthracyclines, paclitaxel, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil and all of them present risks to the fetus. Conclusion: Although there are risks for the fetus with all anticancer treatments, in the case of more studied therapies with evidence of use, their possible benefits clearly outweigh the possible risks and therefore their use is recommended for CAP.
Introduction: In Spain, in 2023, for the first time, cancer was the leading cause of death. Pregnancy-associated cancer (PAC) is diagnosed in 1 in 1,000 pregnancies, a risk of particular concern is the appearance of teratogenic effects on the fetus due to exposure to the mother's treatment. Objective: The main objective of this study was to study potential pharmacological treatments for cancer considering the risk to the fetus. Material and Methods: To this end, a bibliographic review has been carried out using the databases Pubmed, Scielo, Europe PMC and clinicaltrials.gov. Results: Among the selected articles, it was found that the most used treatments in the PAC include anthracyclines, paclitaxel, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil and all of them present risks to the fetus. Conclusion: Although there are risks for the fetus with all anticancer treatments, in the case of more studied therapies with evidence of use, their possible benefits clearly outweigh the possible risks and therefore their use is recommended for CAP.
Direction
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Tutorships)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Histological and electrophysiological study of the nervous system in the garden snail
Authorship
E.M.A.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
E.M.A.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:00
07.22.2024 11:00
Summary
The use of invertebrates, such as gastropods, as experimental animals have several advantages. In this work, a basic and specific histological study on the nervous system of the garden snail Cornu aspersum is developed without previous experience in the receiving laboratory. In addition, the first steps are also taken towards the establishment of an electrophysiological setup for the study of unitary neuronal electrical activity in an in vivo preparation in the anesthetized animal. The purpose of all this is to examine the possible use of this animal model, less complex than the commonly used mammalian model, to perform neurophysiological studies based on the presence of classical chemical synapses in the snail nervous system. These two characteristics of the land snail nervous system, simplicity, and similarity of its basic synaptic characteristics with mammals, would be an advantage in favor of its use as an experimental model for neurophysiological studies (e.g., examining the function of classical neurotransmitters at the synapse or examining the action of new drugs at the synapse). This animal model would entail, not only an advantage for its simplicity as an organism but also for presenting low economic costs in its obtaining and maintenance, a lower workload in its maintenance, and simple laboratory conditions without ignoring the ethics and animal welfare that must govern any research project
The use of invertebrates, such as gastropods, as experimental animals have several advantages. In this work, a basic and specific histological study on the nervous system of the garden snail Cornu aspersum is developed without previous experience in the receiving laboratory. In addition, the first steps are also taken towards the establishment of an electrophysiological setup for the study of unitary neuronal electrical activity in an in vivo preparation in the anesthetized animal. The purpose of all this is to examine the possible use of this animal model, less complex than the commonly used mammalian model, to perform neurophysiological studies based on the presence of classical chemical synapses in the snail nervous system. These two characteristics of the land snail nervous system, simplicity, and similarity of its basic synaptic characteristics with mammals, would be an advantage in favor of its use as an experimental model for neurophysiological studies (e.g., examining the function of classical neurotransmitters at the synapse or examining the action of new drugs at the synapse). This animal model would entail, not only an advantage for its simplicity as an organism but also for presenting low economic costs in its obtaining and maintenance, a lower workload in its maintenance, and simple laboratory conditions without ignoring the ethics and animal welfare that must govern any research project
Direction
MARTIN CORA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
MARTIN CORA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Exploration of click chemistry in the development of A2B antagonists
Authorship
M.B.N.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.B.N.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:40
07.22.2024 11:40
Summary
In the development of this project, the synthesis of 16 new compounds with a 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one structure using click chemistry is described for cancer immunotherapy. These compounds have been structurally characterized and the first in silico parameters have been modeled, yielding good results.
In the development of this project, the synthesis of 16 new compounds with a 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one structure using click chemistry is described for cancer immunotherapy. These compounds have been structurally characterized and the first in silico parameters have been modeled, yielding good results.
Direction
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
GLP-1 analogues for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity
Authorship
L.C.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.C.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:00
07.22.2024 12:00
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with systemic affectation that is diagnosed in approximately 500 million people in the world assuming a great economic and health impact. Most patients with DM have T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus) who can be treated with different groups of drugs depending on their living conditions and comorbidities. The disease most associated with DM is obesity, the treatment of choice in diabetic and obese patients is metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues (GLP-1). The aim of this review was to determine the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 analogues in patients with T2DM and obesity. The results show that GLP-1 analogs are positioned as one of the most effective groups of drugs in the reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac). They are highly effective in reducing body weight, highlighting liraglutide and semaglutide (drugs currently in high demand). They are also safe drugs despite the frequent gastrointestinal adverse reactions that account for the majority of treatment abandonments. The last drug added to the group has been the oral semaglutide that demonstrated efficacy and safety in the PIONEER studies being the first that does not require subcutaneous administration. Such clinical trials compare oral semaglutide with placebo or active comparators in both weight reduction and Hb1Ac. In addition, the usefulness of GLP-1 analogs in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases has been reviewed.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with systemic affectation that is diagnosed in approximately 500 million people in the world assuming a great economic and health impact. Most patients with DM have T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus) who can be treated with different groups of drugs depending on their living conditions and comorbidities. The disease most associated with DM is obesity, the treatment of choice in diabetic and obese patients is metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues (GLP-1). The aim of this review was to determine the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 analogues in patients with T2DM and obesity. The results show that GLP-1 analogs are positioned as one of the most effective groups of drugs in the reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac). They are highly effective in reducing body weight, highlighting liraglutide and semaglutide (drugs currently in high demand). They are also safe drugs despite the frequent gastrointestinal adverse reactions that account for the majority of treatment abandonments. The last drug added to the group has been the oral semaglutide that demonstrated efficacy and safety in the PIONEER studies being the first that does not require subcutaneous administration. Such clinical trials compare oral semaglutide with placebo or active comparators in both weight reduction and Hb1Ac. In addition, the usefulness of GLP-1 analogs in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases has been reviewed.
Direction
BREA FLORIANI, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
BREA FLORIANI, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Diabetes and insomnia in cardiovascular health and improvements patient’s quality of life
Authorship
V.F.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
V.F.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:20
07.22.2024 12:20
Summary
Cardiovascular health is one of the major concerns for the health care system given the prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in the population. Among the main risk factors are diabetes and insomnia. Due to a lack of insulin, or due to the appearance of cellular tolerance to it, diabetes arises, which is characterized by the presence of high amounts of glucose in the blood. Among its long-term consequences are cardiovascular complications. Another disease that shares long-term effects on this system is insomnia, a sleep disorder that causes difficulty in initiating or maintaining the sleep cycle. Both diseases should not only be treated by understanding each one separately but should be approached together as a risk factor and possible cause or consequence of the other and by understanding their synergistic negative impact on the cardiovascular system. This association is essential to design new strategies that allow the patient's quality of life not to be affected and that the pharmacist can prevent, detect, strengthen adherence to treatment and promote lifestyles that tackle this problem in its entirety.
Cardiovascular health is one of the major concerns for the health care system given the prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in the population. Among the main risk factors are diabetes and insomnia. Due to a lack of insulin, or due to the appearance of cellular tolerance to it, diabetes arises, which is characterized by the presence of high amounts of glucose in the blood. Among its long-term consequences are cardiovascular complications. Another disease that shares long-term effects on this system is insomnia, a sleep disorder that causes difficulty in initiating or maintaining the sleep cycle. Both diseases should not only be treated by understanding each one separately but should be approached together as a risk factor and possible cause or consequence of the other and by understanding their synergistic negative impact on the cardiovascular system. This association is essential to design new strategies that allow the patient's quality of life not to be affected and that the pharmacist can prevent, detect, strengthen adherence to treatment and promote lifestyles that tackle this problem in its entirety.
Direction
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Tutorships)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
The PK-PD model and its uses in the clinic.
Authorship
C.G.G.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.G.G.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:40
07.22.2024 12:40
Summary
The PK-PD model is a clinical pharmacokinetic tool that allows us to predict the response of the drug under study with respect to time. It allows us to integrate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and thus combine the results of these studies. The construction of the model will be the result of integrating the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic equations that best adapt to the results obtained for each drug. The usefulness of this resource in the clinic includes all stages of drug development. In the preclinical phases, it will be used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatments and to calculate parameters that will be used in the clinical stages, as in the case of Pembrolizumab. It will also acquire importance in the design of dosing patterns and in the optimization of therapies thanks to the study of drugs in the preceding stages. In antihypertensives, they favor the choice of initial therapies, study the factors that affect the failure of therapies and will optimize the synergy of several drugs. The use of this tool in antibiotics is interesting in order to reduce cases of resistance and enhance their efficacy. The model can be used in vulnerable patient groups, such as pediatric patients, and in treatments in which efficacy is essential for the patient's health, such as antiretroviral or monoclonal antibody therapies.
The PK-PD model is a clinical pharmacokinetic tool that allows us to predict the response of the drug under study with respect to time. It allows us to integrate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and thus combine the results of these studies. The construction of the model will be the result of integrating the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic equations that best adapt to the results obtained for each drug. The usefulness of this resource in the clinic includes all stages of drug development. In the preclinical phases, it will be used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatments and to calculate parameters that will be used in the clinical stages, as in the case of Pembrolizumab. It will also acquire importance in the design of dosing patterns and in the optimization of therapies thanks to the study of drugs in the preceding stages. In antihypertensives, they favor the choice of initial therapies, study the factors that affect the failure of therapies and will optimize the synergy of several drugs. The use of this tool in antibiotics is interesting in order to reduce cases of resistance and enhance their efficacy. The model can be used in vulnerable patient groups, such as pediatric patients, and in treatments in which efficacy is essential for the patient's health, such as antiretroviral or monoclonal antibody therapies.
Direction
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Intestinal dysbiosis and gastrointestinal disease: pathophysiology, advances in diagnosis and treatment
Authorship
L.P.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.P.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:00
07.22.2024 10:00
Summary
The microbiota is the set of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses and protozoa) that live on our skin and in all the body cavities that communicate with the outside world. From the moment we are born, their composition is influenced by factors such as the route of birth, diet, lifestyle, medication... My work focuses on the gut microbiota, which is the most studied, because most of these microorganisms are found there. These microbial communities play a key role in digestive and immune health, and surprisingly, influence the proper functioning of other organs, such as the heart and brain. Microbiota bacteria can be beneficial or, to a lesser extent, harmful, maintaining a balance in healthy individuals. However, various factors can cause a disturbance known as gut dysbiosis. An increasingly common type of dysbiosis is SIBO, known as bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, where the amount of bacteria increases abnormally. In addition, other alterations in the gut microbiota have been identified as large intestinal bacterial overgrowth (LIBO), small intestinal fungal overgrowth (SIFO) and intestinal methanogen overgrowth (IMO). During this review, all aspects related to these pathologies will be discussed.
The microbiota is the set of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses and protozoa) that live on our skin and in all the body cavities that communicate with the outside world. From the moment we are born, their composition is influenced by factors such as the route of birth, diet, lifestyle, medication... My work focuses on the gut microbiota, which is the most studied, because most of these microorganisms are found there. These microbial communities play a key role in digestive and immune health, and surprisingly, influence the proper functioning of other organs, such as the heart and brain. Microbiota bacteria can be beneficial or, to a lesser extent, harmful, maintaining a balance in healthy individuals. However, various factors can cause a disturbance known as gut dysbiosis. An increasingly common type of dysbiosis is SIBO, known as bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, where the amount of bacteria increases abnormally. In addition, other alterations in the gut microbiota have been identified as large intestinal bacterial overgrowth (LIBO), small intestinal fungal overgrowth (SIFO) and intestinal methanogen overgrowth (IMO). During this review, all aspects related to these pathologies will be discussed.
Direction
LIMA RODRIGUEZ, LUIS JESUS (Tutorships)
LIMA RODRIGUEZ, LUIS JESUS (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
Bee diseases and their importance with the One Health initiative
Authorship
S.R.E.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
S.R.E.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:20
07.22.2024 10:20
Summary
Bees (Apis mellifera) are by a lot of reasons one of the most important animals for human and ecosystems welfare. In the last decades, beekeepers of big part of the world are notifying a loss in the populations of this insect and can be due to factors so much anthropological like natural, that can carry to a detriment in the economy, in the nutrition, in the biodiversity, and in general in the welfare of the planet. This bibliographic review will study the importance that have bees in the ecosystems with a perspective second the initiative One Health, pleading that people’s health is in narrow relation with the health of animals and of the environment, and is fundamental for a balance and a global health. It will remark the importance that have bees like biological indicators of human welfare, his employment like a tool to know the state of the ecosystems and which are his limitations. Finally, they will tackle a series of factors that are putting in danger to survival of this species: anthropological activity, neonicotenoids, Varroa destructor, Acarapis woodi, Nosema ceranae, Paenibacillus larvae and Vespa velutina; seeing also which are the projections to future in the attempt to put them solution. The disappearance of bees in the planet would have catastrophic effects, and still being far of this, already can discern the effects of the decrease of bee populations, and the enormous impact that could have in all of us.
Bees (Apis mellifera) are by a lot of reasons one of the most important animals for human and ecosystems welfare. In the last decades, beekeepers of big part of the world are notifying a loss in the populations of this insect and can be due to factors so much anthropological like natural, that can carry to a detriment in the economy, in the nutrition, in the biodiversity, and in general in the welfare of the planet. This bibliographic review will study the importance that have bees in the ecosystems with a perspective second the initiative One Health, pleading that people’s health is in narrow relation with the health of animals and of the environment, and is fundamental for a balance and a global health. It will remark the importance that have bees like biological indicators of human welfare, his employment like a tool to know the state of the ecosystems and which are his limitations. Finally, they will tackle a series of factors that are putting in danger to survival of this species: anthropological activity, neonicotenoids, Varroa destructor, Acarapis woodi, Nosema ceranae, Paenibacillus larvae and Vespa velutina; seeing also which are the projections to future in the attempt to put them solution. The disappearance of bees in the planet would have catastrophic effects, and still being far of this, already can discern the effects of the decrease of bee populations, and the enormous impact that could have in all of us.
Direction
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
Beneficial properties of oleocanthal in human health
Authorship
C.S.I.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.S.I.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:40
07.22.2024 10:40
Summary
It has long been known that consuming a Mediterranean diet offers great advantages for maintaining a healthy profile. In addition to the wide variety of fruits, vegetables, proteins, and legumes that enrich this diet, the fundamental base is extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Thanks to its beneficial properties, EVOO is almost a life insurance against numerous diseases that often surround us. The explanation for this might be found in a minor component of its broad composition, oleocanthal (OC). This polyphenol has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years as a possible nutraceutical useful for applications in inflammatory, microbial, cancerous, neurodegenerative, and even cardiovascular diseases, often triggered by high levels of oxidative stress. Since its discovery is relatively recent, more research is needed to support its beneficial properties.
It has long been known that consuming a Mediterranean diet offers great advantages for maintaining a healthy profile. In addition to the wide variety of fruits, vegetables, proteins, and legumes that enrich this diet, the fundamental base is extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Thanks to its beneficial properties, EVOO is almost a life insurance against numerous diseases that often surround us. The explanation for this might be found in a minor component of its broad composition, oleocanthal (OC). This polyphenol has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years as a possible nutraceutical useful for applications in inflammatory, microbial, cancerous, neurodegenerative, and even cardiovascular diseases, often triggered by high levels of oxidative stress. Since its discovery is relatively recent, more research is needed to support its beneficial properties.
Direction
Lestido Cardama, Antía (Tutorships)
Lestido Cardama, Antía (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
Sythesis of bisalkenylysatins via Heck reaction: potent antiproliferative agents
Authorship
N.V.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
N.V.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:00
07.22.2024 11:00
Summary
Isatin is a privileged structure for obtaining new molecules. Due to this, it was decided to perform pharmacomodulation on a scaffold-hit via Heck reactions using homogeneous catalysis (palladium dichloride bis[di-ortho-tolylphosphine]) and heterogeneous catalysis (palladium on carbon). Additionally, new molecules were synthesized by protecting the carbonyl group with an acetal to study if better reactivity was achieved and to assess the importance of the carbonyl group in pharmacological activity. The molecules were characterized using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Without protecting the carbonyl group, good results were obtained via heterogeneous catalysis, but in homogeneous catalysis, complexes were formed due to the coordination of palladium with the carbonyl group. When the carbonyl group was protected, palladium complexes were no longer formed, and good results were obtained in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. However, a new problem arose during the deprotection of the carbonyl group because the introduced functional groups were sensitive to acidic conditions. Due to this, the best alternative for synthesizing the compounds was the Heck reaction via heterogeneous catalysis without forming acetals.
Isatin is a privileged structure for obtaining new molecules. Due to this, it was decided to perform pharmacomodulation on a scaffold-hit via Heck reactions using homogeneous catalysis (palladium dichloride bis[di-ortho-tolylphosphine]) and heterogeneous catalysis (palladium on carbon). Additionally, new molecules were synthesized by protecting the carbonyl group with an acetal to study if better reactivity was achieved and to assess the importance of the carbonyl group in pharmacological activity. The molecules were characterized using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Without protecting the carbonyl group, good results were obtained via heterogeneous catalysis, but in homogeneous catalysis, complexes were formed due to the coordination of palladium with the carbonyl group. When the carbonyl group was protected, palladium complexes were no longer formed, and good results were obtained in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. However, a new problem arose during the deprotection of the carbonyl group because the introduced functional groups were sensitive to acidic conditions. Due to this, the best alternative for synthesizing the compounds was the Heck reaction via heterogeneous catalysis without forming acetals.
Direction
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
Taxonomic identity of specimens of the red algae genus Symphyocladiella in the Netherlands
Authorship
J.A.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
J.A.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:40
07.22.2024 11:40
Summary
The introduction of species is one of the biggest current environmental problems. Detecting introduced species in the marine environment is often difficult due to the great similarity between species. Recently, materials of a red alga have been found on the coast of Holland (Zeelandbrug) that do not correspond to the species previously known in Europe. The objective of this study is to clarify the taxonomic identity of that species and determine if it is introduced or native. The morphological and molecular data obtained unequivocally confirm that the species present in the Netherlands is Symphyocladiella gracilis. It is a species only known in the eastern Pacific, and is recorded here for the first time in Europe. Considering the previously known distribution and that the Symphyocladiella genus encompasses 9 species predominantly distributed in the Eastern Pacific (British Columbia, California, Peru and Chile), it is concluded that S. gracilis constitutes a new cryptic introduction in Europe. In this work, based on morphological and molecular data, the species Symphyocladiella gracilis is identified, based on samples collected in Zeelandbrug, (The Netherlands). This finding leads to the identification of an introduced species of red algae in the Eastern Scheldt . Furthermore, as part of this work, the phylogenetic position of this species in the entire tribe of Pterosiphonieae, belonging to the Rhodomelaceae family of red algae, was analyzed for its identification.
The introduction of species is one of the biggest current environmental problems. Detecting introduced species in the marine environment is often difficult due to the great similarity between species. Recently, materials of a red alga have been found on the coast of Holland (Zeelandbrug) that do not correspond to the species previously known in Europe. The objective of this study is to clarify the taxonomic identity of that species and determine if it is introduced or native. The morphological and molecular data obtained unequivocally confirm that the species present in the Netherlands is Symphyocladiella gracilis. It is a species only known in the eastern Pacific, and is recorded here for the first time in Europe. Considering the previously known distribution and that the Symphyocladiella genus encompasses 9 species predominantly distributed in the Eastern Pacific (British Columbia, California, Peru and Chile), it is concluded that S. gracilis constitutes a new cryptic introduction in Europe. In this work, based on morphological and molecular data, the species Symphyocladiella gracilis is identified, based on samples collected in Zeelandbrug, (The Netherlands). This finding leads to the identification of an introduced species of red algae in the Eastern Scheldt . Furthermore, as part of this work, the phylogenetic position of this species in the entire tribe of Pterosiphonieae, belonging to the Rhodomelaceae family of red algae, was analyzed for its identification.
Direction
DIAZ TAPIA, PILAR (Tutorships)
DIAZ TAPIA, PILAR (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
Literature review of treatments for rheumatoid arthritis.
Authorship
B.C.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
B.C.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:00
07.22.2024 12:00
Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease mainly affecting the peripheral joints whose development is determined by genetic and environmental factors. There are currently a large number of drugs used to treat this pathology. Initially it was treated with glucocorticoids and so-called disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs), of which methotrexate is still the most widely used. In recent decades, although these drugs continue to play an important role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, they have given way to new lines of treatment, such as biologic drugs, which are becoming increasingly important. New drugs, such as small molecular entities, are currently being tested with the aim of finding new treatments to solve the problems presented by biologic drugs. This wide range of options has resulted in the combination therapy of several groups of these drugs, a very interesting alternative to increase the effect of the treatment, as each drug exerts its action without increasing its toxicity. With this in mind, this paper will carry out a literature review of the main drugs belonging to the groups of drugs mentioned here as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease mainly affecting the peripheral joints whose development is determined by genetic and environmental factors. There are currently a large number of drugs used to treat this pathology. Initially it was treated with glucocorticoids and so-called disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs), of which methotrexate is still the most widely used. In recent decades, although these drugs continue to play an important role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, they have given way to new lines of treatment, such as biologic drugs, which are becoming increasingly important. New drugs, such as small molecular entities, are currently being tested with the aim of finding new treatments to solve the problems presented by biologic drugs. This wide range of options has resulted in the combination therapy of several groups of these drugs, a very interesting alternative to increase the effect of the treatment, as each drug exerts its action without increasing its toxicity. With this in mind, this paper will carry out a literature review of the main drugs belonging to the groups of drugs mentioned here as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
Direction
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
CAR-T cell therapy in cancer, autoimmune diseases and other pathologies
Authorship
A.M.F.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.M.F.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:20
07.22.2024 12:20
Summary
This Final Degree Thesis provides a review of genetically modified T-cell therapy and its various applications in the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases and other pathologies. CAR-T therapy involves the genetic modification of a patient's T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells or other abnormal cells in the body. The paper discusses the development and function of CAR-T cells, as well as the most recent advances in the field. Strategies for the application of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma are discussed, as well as in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis. Other types of pathology such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, cardiac fibrosis, HIV-1 and COVID-19 are also addressed. The current challenges and future prospects of CAR-T therapy are discussed, including issues related to safety, efficacy and related to the safety, efficacy and accessibility of this innovative therapy. It highlights future research opportunities for future research and the potential of CAR-T therapy to transform the treatment of a wide range of diseases. wide range of diseases.
This Final Degree Thesis provides a review of genetically modified T-cell therapy and its various applications in the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases and other pathologies. CAR-T therapy involves the genetic modification of a patient's T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells or other abnormal cells in the body. The paper discusses the development and function of CAR-T cells, as well as the most recent advances in the field. Strategies for the application of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma are discussed, as well as in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis. Other types of pathology such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, cardiac fibrosis, HIV-1 and COVID-19 are also addressed. The current challenges and future prospects of CAR-T therapy are discussed, including issues related to safety, efficacy and related to the safety, efficacy and accessibility of this innovative therapy. It highlights future research opportunities for future research and the potential of CAR-T therapy to transform the treatment of a wide range of diseases. wide range of diseases.
Direction
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Tutorships)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
The role of the immune system in breast cancer; treatments and new therapeutic approaches based on immunotherapy.
Authorship
T.F.D.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
T.F.D.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:40
07.22.2024 12:40
Summary
Cancer is a public health problem on a global level. The incidence of this disease has increased in the 21st century compared to the 20th century, and it is estimated that 1 in 4 people are at risk of suffering from cancer in their lifetime. Breast cancer, specifically, is the most prevalent neoplasm in the female population and is associated with unhealthy lifestyles and genetic factors. Mammography is the most widely used test for this detection. The prognosis is related to the tumor subtype and stage. Cancer cells continue to grow unless the cancerous mass is surgically removed; chemotherapy or other types of specific cancer medication are also used, such as hormone therapy or radiotherapy. One of the latest, most important developments in the research of new therapies to stop and cure this disease is immunotherapy, which is increasingly becoming one of the standard treatments for these malignant neoplasms. This new treatment technique presents a very important difference compared to conventional chemotherapy; it improves the antitumor immune response by blocking inhibitory immunity control points,which allows the person´s own imune system to fight against tumor cells. Thus, the new technique has emerged as an innovative form of action.
Cancer is a public health problem on a global level. The incidence of this disease has increased in the 21st century compared to the 20th century, and it is estimated that 1 in 4 people are at risk of suffering from cancer in their lifetime. Breast cancer, specifically, is the most prevalent neoplasm in the female population and is associated with unhealthy lifestyles and genetic factors. Mammography is the most widely used test for this detection. The prognosis is related to the tumor subtype and stage. Cancer cells continue to grow unless the cancerous mass is surgically removed; chemotherapy or other types of specific cancer medication are also used, such as hormone therapy or radiotherapy. One of the latest, most important developments in the research of new therapies to stop and cure this disease is immunotherapy, which is increasingly becoming one of the standard treatments for these malignant neoplasms. This new treatment technique presents a very important difference compared to conventional chemotherapy; it improves the antitumor immune response by blocking inhibitory immunity control points,which allows the person´s own imune system to fight against tumor cells. Thus, the new technique has emerged as an innovative form of action.
Direction
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Tutorships)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
Hydrogels for skin regeneration
Authorship
S.M.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
S.M.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:20
02.22.2024 10:20
Summary
Skin wounds represent a significant health and economic burden. Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process involving a variety of factors and requires an environment that favours its acceleration. Currently, a wide variety of strategies exist to promote this process, including the use of dressings. Recently, hydrogels have become the subject of numerous studies due to their ability to simulate the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix and provide mechanical support and a moist environment that promotes the healing process. In addition, their ability to adapt to numerous types of defects and allow the control and modification of their biological, physical, and chemical properties, make hydrogels materials with excellent characteristics for their application in wounds. This literature review aims to examine the variety of hydrogels used in the manufacture of dressings and cellular scaffolds for wound healing, with a final focus on alginate hydrogels. For this purpose, a search for articles and reviews in scientific databases was carried out using several keywords. The efficacy of alginate-derived materials has been proven in the treatment of cutaneous wounds; however, the literature insists on the importance of improving various aspects of these materials to achieve even more beneficial results.
Skin wounds represent a significant health and economic burden. Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process involving a variety of factors and requires an environment that favours its acceleration. Currently, a wide variety of strategies exist to promote this process, including the use of dressings. Recently, hydrogels have become the subject of numerous studies due to their ability to simulate the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix and provide mechanical support and a moist environment that promotes the healing process. In addition, their ability to adapt to numerous types of defects and allow the control and modification of their biological, physical, and chemical properties, make hydrogels materials with excellent characteristics for their application in wounds. This literature review aims to examine the variety of hydrogels used in the manufacture of dressings and cellular scaffolds for wound healing, with a final focus on alginate hydrogels. For this purpose, a search for articles and reviews in scientific databases was carried out using several keywords. The efficacy of alginate-derived materials has been proven in the treatment of cutaneous wounds; however, the literature insists on the importance of improving various aspects of these materials to achieve even more beneficial results.
Direction
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Food additives and health
Authorship
L.M.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.M.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:20
02.22.2024 10:20
Summary
This Final Degree Project is about food additives and their health implications. These compounds improve properties such as the flavor, color, texture and conservation of the foods to which they are added, allowing an increase in the shelf-life of products on the market and achieving technological advances in the food industry. According to regulations, regulatory bodies and health authorities responsible for regulating the safety of food additives, reviewing the authorization of new additives, evaluating and monitoring these compounds, with the aim of meeting rigorous safety standards and generate confidence in consumers. In addition, the potential impact of additives on human health is also analyzed throughout the document. To this end, an analysis was carried out on the possible links between the consumption of food additives and hypersensitivity, as well as the mechanisms that trigger immune responses, offering us a perspective on the possible health risks. In relation to the connection between food additives and hyperactivity, the need to carry out more studies is emphasized in order to investigate this possible consequence on human behavior. Regarding the impact of food additives on the intestinal microbiota, it is determined how this association affects the digestive health, diversity and functionality of the microbiota.
This Final Degree Project is about food additives and their health implications. These compounds improve properties such as the flavor, color, texture and conservation of the foods to which they are added, allowing an increase in the shelf-life of products on the market and achieving technological advances in the food industry. According to regulations, regulatory bodies and health authorities responsible for regulating the safety of food additives, reviewing the authorization of new additives, evaluating and monitoring these compounds, with the aim of meeting rigorous safety standards and generate confidence in consumers. In addition, the potential impact of additives on human health is also analyzed throughout the document. To this end, an analysis was carried out on the possible links between the consumption of food additives and hypersensitivity, as well as the mechanisms that trigger immune responses, offering us a perspective on the possible health risks. In relation to the connection between food additives and hyperactivity, the need to carry out more studies is emphasized in order to investigate this possible consequence on human behavior. Regarding the impact of food additives on the intestinal microbiota, it is determined how this association affects the digestive health, diversity and functionality of the microbiota.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
The opioid epidemic
Authorship
V.B.M.H.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
V.B.M.H.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:20
02.22.2024 10:20
Summary
Opioids are a class of drugs than can be of natural or synthetic origin. They can act as an agonists or antagonists on their receptors, achieving different effects. One of the most widely consumed opioids is fentanyl (synthetic opioid), which was discovered in the 20th century. It is indicated as an adjuvant in anesthesia and as pain treatment. In the case of breakthrough pain, it can be administered by various forms: buccal, sublingual and intranasal, being the latter which having a greater absorption capacity. It has been observed over the years that there have been controversies about its prescription, going through an 'anti-opioid' period when doctors omitted its use for the treatment of pain. Today, fentanyl consumption rates have skyrocketed, being legal (by prescription) but mostly illicit. This can lead to the development of opioid use disorder, which needs pharmacological treatment (there are currently three medications available) and it is also important to take care of factors such as the language care to reduce the stigma towards opioid-using patients.
Opioids are a class of drugs than can be of natural or synthetic origin. They can act as an agonists or antagonists on their receptors, achieving different effects. One of the most widely consumed opioids is fentanyl (synthetic opioid), which was discovered in the 20th century. It is indicated as an adjuvant in anesthesia and as pain treatment. In the case of breakthrough pain, it can be administered by various forms: buccal, sublingual and intranasal, being the latter which having a greater absorption capacity. It has been observed over the years that there have been controversies about its prescription, going through an 'anti-opioid' period when doctors omitted its use for the treatment of pain. Today, fentanyl consumption rates have skyrocketed, being legal (by prescription) but mostly illicit. This can lead to the development of opioid use disorder, which needs pharmacological treatment (there are currently three medications available) and it is also important to take care of factors such as the language care to reduce the stigma towards opioid-using patients.
Direction
LANDIN PEREZ, MARIANA (Tutorships)
LANDIN PEREZ, MARIANA (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Self-medication in university students
Authorship
T.C.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
T.C.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:20
02.22.2024 11:20
Summary
Young people are the population group most vulnerable to self-medication. Among university students, especially those studying health careers, self-medication is a common practice due to their knowledge of medications and a false sense of confidence in self-diagnosis. This study was carried out with the aim of comparing self-medication in university students of the health and non-health branch at the University of Santiago de Compostela. For this purpose, an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out on self-administered medication consumption in university students of the degree in Pharmacy and the degree in Law of the USC. A questionnaire was developed and disseminated to students via Whatsapp on the knowledge that students have about self-medication and determining the frequency, habit and groups of medications most used. A total of 190 students participated in the study, 158 from the Pharmacy degree and 32 from the Law degree. A total of 100% of the students responded that they knew what self-medication was. The prevalence of self-medication was 43.8% in Law students and 28.5% in Pharmacy students. In both degrees, they indicated that they preferred to wait for the symptoms to pass or to go to the doctor rather than self-medicate. Moreover, the reasons were due to minor symptoms and most of the drugs used were over-the-counter. To conclude, the habit of self-medication was greater in the students of the non-health branch than in those of the health branch, although in both groups they preferred to wait for the symptoms to pass or to go to the doctor.
Young people are the population group most vulnerable to self-medication. Among university students, especially those studying health careers, self-medication is a common practice due to their knowledge of medications and a false sense of confidence in self-diagnosis. This study was carried out with the aim of comparing self-medication in university students of the health and non-health branch at the University of Santiago de Compostela. For this purpose, an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out on self-administered medication consumption in university students of the degree in Pharmacy and the degree in Law of the USC. A questionnaire was developed and disseminated to students via Whatsapp on the knowledge that students have about self-medication and determining the frequency, habit and groups of medications most used. A total of 190 students participated in the study, 158 from the Pharmacy degree and 32 from the Law degree. A total of 100% of the students responded that they knew what self-medication was. The prevalence of self-medication was 43.8% in Law students and 28.5% in Pharmacy students. In both degrees, they indicated that they preferred to wait for the symptoms to pass or to go to the doctor rather than self-medicate. Moreover, the reasons were due to minor symptoms and most of the drugs used were over-the-counter. To conclude, the habit of self-medication was greater in the students of the non-health branch than in those of the health branch, although in both groups they preferred to wait for the symptoms to pass or to go to the doctor.
Direction
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Tutorships)
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Therapeutic approach to insomnia in community pharmacy
Authorship
A.G.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.G.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:40
02.22.2024 11:40
Summary
Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder and is a frequent consultation in pharmacies. We can find a wide variety of cases of this disorder, which is why a correct diagnosis is necessary to facilitate the development of an action plan. To this end, a protocol is proposed to serve as a guide in this process, and to provide tools such as models of a clinical interview or sleep diary, for the evaluation and monitoring of the problem. The treatment of insomnia should be fundamentally non-pharmacological, prioritising the application of hygienic sleep measures and cognitive-behavioural therapies. Pharmacological treatment should be used for a limited period of time, choosing the most appropriate therapeutic option according to the type of patient and type of insomnia. The main over-the-counter options available in pharmacies are herbal medicine, melatonin and H1 antihistamines.
Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder and is a frequent consultation in pharmacies. We can find a wide variety of cases of this disorder, which is why a correct diagnosis is necessary to facilitate the development of an action plan. To this end, a protocol is proposed to serve as a guide in this process, and to provide tools such as models of a clinical interview or sleep diary, for the evaluation and monitoring of the problem. The treatment of insomnia should be fundamentally non-pharmacological, prioritising the application of hygienic sleep measures and cognitive-behavioural therapies. Pharmacological treatment should be used for a limited period of time, choosing the most appropriate therapeutic option according to the type of patient and type of insomnia. The main over-the-counter options available in pharmacies are herbal medicine, melatonin and H1 antihistamines.
Direction
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Tutorships)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Lipid profile determination of fruits byproducts.
Authorship
I.T.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.T.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:00
02.22.2024 11:00
Summary
The food industry currently processes large quantities of food, which in turn generate large quantities of byproducts that could be useful in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this work, a study of the lipid fraction of byproducts of the food industry was carried out, specifically some varieties of dates, grapes, citrus fruits, cherries, avocado and pomegranate. The fatty fraction has been extracted with the Soxhlet method while the fatty acid profile has been determined, after extraction and methylation to obtain their methyl esters, by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The study has shown that the by-products are rich in oils, especially the seeds, except for avocado, and in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as Oleic and Linodelaidic acid, some essential that humans can only obtain from foods, such as Linolenic. In the by-products obtained from the juice production industry, the fatty acid contents are lower, except for pomegranate, which conditions their valorization as a source of fatty acids and other value-added components present in the matrix must be considered. The results show interesting fat contents and fatty acid profiles that could be reused in the food industry in a circular economy concept but also in other sectors such as the pharmaceutical or cosmetic industry.
The food industry currently processes large quantities of food, which in turn generate large quantities of byproducts that could be useful in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this work, a study of the lipid fraction of byproducts of the food industry was carried out, specifically some varieties of dates, grapes, citrus fruits, cherries, avocado and pomegranate. The fatty fraction has been extracted with the Soxhlet method while the fatty acid profile has been determined, after extraction and methylation to obtain their methyl esters, by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The study has shown that the by-products are rich in oils, especially the seeds, except for avocado, and in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as Oleic and Linodelaidic acid, some essential that humans can only obtain from foods, such as Linolenic. In the by-products obtained from the juice production industry, the fatty acid contents are lower, except for pomegranate, which conditions their valorization as a source of fatty acids and other value-added components present in the matrix must be considered. The results show interesting fat contents and fatty acid profiles that could be reused in the food industry in a circular economy concept but also in other sectors such as the pharmaceutical or cosmetic industry.
Direction
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Innovations in the treatment of dry eye
Authorship
I.R.G.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.R.G.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:40
02.22.2024 10:40
Summary
The prevalence of dry eye continues to grow at a rapid pace, generating an increased need for therapies. Artificial tears are the first line of treatment for dry eye disease, included in conventional therapies, but their action is limited given their low bioavailability on the ocular surface, thus limiting their action. In this work, innovative formulations have been proposed that are available on the market and in clinical research. Its technology is based on being able to stabilize the tear film, increasing the permeability of active ingredients at the ocular level and thus increasing their bioavailability. Among them are nanosystems, where nanoparticles stand out for their novel role in gene therapy, nanomicelles that allow the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs, and liposomes that reverse the symptoms and signs of dry eye disease by replenishing the lipid layer of the tear film. Hydrogels, thanks to their physicochemical properties, have been incorporated into multiple formulations showing very good results. Also, contact lenses have served as pharmaceutical forms to achieve controlled delivery of drugs. Finally, mechanical action devices have been a revolution in the approach to dry eye treatment since they offer a new alternative or complement to traditional therapies such as artificial tears.
The prevalence of dry eye continues to grow at a rapid pace, generating an increased need for therapies. Artificial tears are the first line of treatment for dry eye disease, included in conventional therapies, but their action is limited given their low bioavailability on the ocular surface, thus limiting their action. In this work, innovative formulations have been proposed that are available on the market and in clinical research. Its technology is based on being able to stabilize the tear film, increasing the permeability of active ingredients at the ocular level and thus increasing their bioavailability. Among them are nanosystems, where nanoparticles stand out for their novel role in gene therapy, nanomicelles that allow the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs, and liposomes that reverse the symptoms and signs of dry eye disease by replenishing the lipid layer of the tear film. Hydrogels, thanks to their physicochemical properties, have been incorporated into multiple formulations showing very good results. Also, contact lenses have served as pharmaceutical forms to achieve controlled delivery of drugs. Finally, mechanical action devices have been a revolution in the approach to dry eye treatment since they offer a new alternative or complement to traditional therapies such as artificial tears.
Direction
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Tutorships)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Bacterial osteoarticular infections associated with prostheses
Authorship
C.P.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.P.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:40
02.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Degenerative processes, whether caused by osteoarthritis or secondary to other diseases can cause significant joint deformities that will imply, in most cases, a surgical intervention and the implantation or replacement of a prosthesis. Although such intervention significantly improves the functionality of the joint, it is associated with complications such as prosthetic loosening and infections, the latter being the most significant. One of the main objectives is to prevent the development of these infections, which are mostly caused by Gram-positive cocci. The formation of biofilms on prostheses presents an additional challenge for effective antibacterial treatment. The diagnosis of joint prosthesis infection is complex, and clinical criteria, microbiological studies and imaging tests must be combined, in addition to knowing the etiology and understanding biofilm formation for an adequate management of each case. The evolution of prosthetic materials over time has been important, with titanium and polymers, specifically acrylic cement, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, gaining special importance nowadays. The innovative use of new materials in orthopedics has been explored because of their mechanical properties and antibacterial activity. In addition, antimicrobial-impregnated bone cements are used in the treatment of joint prosthesis infections, although their use in primary infection prophylaxis is controversial due to the risk of bacterial resistance
Degenerative processes, whether caused by osteoarthritis or secondary to other diseases can cause significant joint deformities that will imply, in most cases, a surgical intervention and the implantation or replacement of a prosthesis. Although such intervention significantly improves the functionality of the joint, it is associated with complications such as prosthetic loosening and infections, the latter being the most significant. One of the main objectives is to prevent the development of these infections, which are mostly caused by Gram-positive cocci. The formation of biofilms on prostheses presents an additional challenge for effective antibacterial treatment. The diagnosis of joint prosthesis infection is complex, and clinical criteria, microbiological studies and imaging tests must be combined, in addition to knowing the etiology and understanding biofilm formation for an adequate management of each case. The evolution of prosthetic materials over time has been important, with titanium and polymers, specifically acrylic cement, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, gaining special importance nowadays. The innovative use of new materials in orthopedics has been explored because of their mechanical properties and antibacterial activity. In addition, antimicrobial-impregnated bone cements are used in the treatment of joint prosthesis infections, although their use in primary infection prophylaxis is controversial due to the risk of bacterial resistance
Direction
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Design, synthesis and pharmacological study of coumarin-riluzole hybrids against neurodegenerative diseases.
Authorship
S.G.D.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
S.G.D.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 13:00
07.22.2024 13:00
Summary
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a serious disease with no cure, characterized by the progressive degeneration of motoneurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Due to its multifactorial pathophysiology, multi-target drugs such as 3-arylcoumarin derivatives have garnered interest for their known neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their potential inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO). MAO is a therapeutic target involved in neurodegenerative diseases due to its involvement in the production of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ultimately, neuronal damage. In this study, we proposed combining the structure of 3-arylcoumarin with riluzole, the only authorized treatment for ALS in Spain, obtaining six riluzol-coumarin hybrids with different substituents. These hybrids were synthesized, purified, characterized, and along with thirteen other 3-arylcoumarin derivatives, evaluated for their MAO inhibitory activity. Most of the compounds demonstrated potent and selective inhibition of MAO-B, the most abundant isoform in the CNS, in the micro and nanomolar ranges. These molecules presented a good safety profile, ceasing to decrease cell viability (human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y) at concentrations much higher than that their IC50 3-(3-bromophenyl)-6-(trifluoromethoxy)coumarin (MJM662) stood out for its high potency and selectivity index (IC50 = 58 nM and SI greater than 1736.436), with a favorable theoretical prediction of the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BHE).
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a serious disease with no cure, characterized by the progressive degeneration of motoneurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Due to its multifactorial pathophysiology, multi-target drugs such as 3-arylcoumarin derivatives have garnered interest for their known neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their potential inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO). MAO is a therapeutic target involved in neurodegenerative diseases due to its involvement in the production of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ultimately, neuronal damage. In this study, we proposed combining the structure of 3-arylcoumarin with riluzole, the only authorized treatment for ALS in Spain, obtaining six riluzol-coumarin hybrids with different substituents. These hybrids were synthesized, purified, characterized, and along with thirteen other 3-arylcoumarin derivatives, evaluated for their MAO inhibitory activity. Most of the compounds demonstrated potent and selective inhibition of MAO-B, the most abundant isoform in the CNS, in the micro and nanomolar ranges. These molecules presented a good safety profile, ceasing to decrease cell viability (human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y) at concentrations much higher than that their IC50 3-(3-bromophenyl)-6-(trifluoromethoxy)coumarin (MJM662) stood out for its high potency and selectivity index (IC50 = 58 nM and SI greater than 1736.436), with a favorable theoretical prediction of the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BHE).
Direction
CORREIA PINTO CARVALHO DE MATOS, MARIA JOAO (Tutorships)
CORREIA PINTO CARVALHO DE MATOS, MARIA JOAO (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Nanoparticles loaded porous systems for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Authorship
I.L.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.L.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:20
07.22.2024 09:20
Summary
The osteoporosis is a progressive metabolic bone disease that consists of a reduction in bone mass and a deterioration in the microarchitecture of the tissue, leading to a significant increase in fracture risk. The current therapy available for the treatment of bone fractures associated with this disease has multiple limitations due, among other causes, to the decrease in the regenerative capacity of the bone caused by the disease. In this project, bone scaffolds attached with lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles loaded with interleukin-4 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine that favors a decrease in bone resorption and, in addition, promotes angiogenesis) were incorporated to be used as bone fillers in the fixation of osteoporotic fractures. Likewise, the physicochemical characteristics of both prepared nanoparticles and scaffolds loaded with them were evaluated. Other properties were also studied such as the release of IL-4 from the scaffold (encapsulated and non-encapsulated), the cytocompatibility of the systems (nanoparticles and scaffolds), cell adhesion, angiogenesis and the stability of the scaffolds, to find a safer and more effective alternative to current therapy for the treatment of bone fractures in osteoporosis. The results showed the correct incorporation of the cytokine into the nanoparticles, not releasing it in PBS. In addition, the stability of the developed scaffolds and the cytocompatibility of both the nanoparticles and the scaffolds were demonstrated. Although preliminary, these data point to the possible usefulness of the developed systems as bone fillers in the case of osteoporotic fractures.
The osteoporosis is a progressive metabolic bone disease that consists of a reduction in bone mass and a deterioration in the microarchitecture of the tissue, leading to a significant increase in fracture risk. The current therapy available for the treatment of bone fractures associated with this disease has multiple limitations due, among other causes, to the decrease in the regenerative capacity of the bone caused by the disease. In this project, bone scaffolds attached with lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles loaded with interleukin-4 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine that favors a decrease in bone resorption and, in addition, promotes angiogenesis) were incorporated to be used as bone fillers in the fixation of osteoporotic fractures. Likewise, the physicochemical characteristics of both prepared nanoparticles and scaffolds loaded with them were evaluated. Other properties were also studied such as the release of IL-4 from the scaffold (encapsulated and non-encapsulated), the cytocompatibility of the systems (nanoparticles and scaffolds), cell adhesion, angiogenesis and the stability of the scaffolds, to find a safer and more effective alternative to current therapy for the treatment of bone fractures in osteoporosis. The results showed the correct incorporation of the cytokine into the nanoparticles, not releasing it in PBS. In addition, the stability of the developed scaffolds and the cytocompatibility of both the nanoparticles and the scaffolds were demonstrated. Although preliminary, these data point to the possible usefulness of the developed systems as bone fillers in the case of osteoporotic fractures.
Direction
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Elements of group 10: nickel, palladium and platinum. Bibliographical study of compounds of this group in therapy and diagnosis
Authorship
R.M.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
R.M.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:40
07.22.2024 09:40
Summary
Bioinorganic chemistry is a discipline that occupies a promising place in the pharmaceutical world and its uses in the clinic are increasingly being studied although more research is needed. In this bibliographic study, the different medical applications of the elements of group 10 (nickel, palladium and platinum) are compiled, among which are their antibacterial, antineoplastic activity and their use as part of medical devices. This group of elements includes platinum, whose compound known as cisplatin produced a historic milestone in cancer treatment, but in this report we want to highlight the lesser-known uses of this and the rest of the elements in group 10.
Bioinorganic chemistry is a discipline that occupies a promising place in the pharmaceutical world and its uses in the clinic are increasingly being studied although more research is needed. In this bibliographic study, the different medical applications of the elements of group 10 (nickel, palladium and platinum) are compiled, among which are their antibacterial, antineoplastic activity and their use as part of medical devices. This group of elements includes platinum, whose compound known as cisplatin produced a historic milestone in cancer treatment, but in this report we want to highlight the lesser-known uses of this and the rest of the elements in group 10.
Direction
DURAN CARRIL, MARIA LUZ (Tutorships)
DURAN CARRIL, MARIA LUZ (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Trials testing efficacy and safety of Parkinson’s Disease treatments
Authorship
M.O.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.O.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:00
07.22.2024 10:00
Summary
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide. The number of affected patients is continuously growing due to a progressive increase in the aging of the world's population. At present, the true reason for its origin is not yet known, but a multifactorial origin is attributed to it, a combination of environmental, genetic and age factors... PD is a degenerative disease with no cure. Despite this, there are numerous treatments, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, as well as clinical trials (CT) aimed at treating the symptoms and slowing the progression of this disease. The aim of this review is to compile, summarize and update all the information on current treatments and ongoing CT for PD. Contributing to the already existing knowledge and offering innovative perspectives for the treatment of this disease, in order to improve the quality of life of patients and to advance towards the search for a cure.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide. The number of affected patients is continuously growing due to a progressive increase in the aging of the world's population. At present, the true reason for its origin is not yet known, but a multifactorial origin is attributed to it, a combination of environmental, genetic and age factors... PD is a degenerative disease with no cure. Despite this, there are numerous treatments, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, as well as clinical trials (CT) aimed at treating the symptoms and slowing the progression of this disease. The aim of this review is to compile, summarize and update all the information on current treatments and ongoing CT for PD. Contributing to the already existing knowledge and offering innovative perspectives for the treatment of this disease, in order to improve the quality of life of patients and to advance towards the search for a cure.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Analysis of group sizes in psychiatric randomised clinical trials
Authorship
S.R.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
S.R.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:20
07.22.2024 10:20
Summary
Clinical trials are fundamental in the determination of a new drug’s efficacy before it is introduced in the market. The randomisation process is essential to avoid biases during these studies that otherwise could lead to wrong conclusions about the treatment´s efficacy and in some cases even its security too. The objective of this study is to determinate the possible existence of randomisation errors and manipulation during clinical trials in the field of psychiatry. In order to do this, a research was made through clinicaltrials.gov in which 77 trials met the inclusion criteria and where analysed. The results indicated towards the possibility that group sizes could have been manipulated to be more similar, affecting this way to the trials security and validity.
Clinical trials are fundamental in the determination of a new drug’s efficacy before it is introduced in the market. The randomisation process is essential to avoid biases during these studies that otherwise could lead to wrong conclusions about the treatment´s efficacy and in some cases even its security too. The objective of this study is to determinate the possible existence of randomisation errors and manipulation during clinical trials in the field of psychiatry. In order to do this, a research was made through clinicaltrials.gov in which 77 trials met the inclusion criteria and where analysed. The results indicated towards the possibility that group sizes could have been manipulated to be more similar, affecting this way to the trials security and validity.
Direction
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in catalysis: synthesis of triazolo-isatins using HKUST-1.
Authorship
P.S.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
P.S.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:40
07.22.2024 10:40
Summary
This experimental Final Degree Project describes the synthesis of organic compounds derived from the structure of isatin, a type of biomolecule with different pharmacological activities, among which the anticancer activity stands out. The main methodology used in this work was Click Chemistry, which has allowed us to obtain a small library of 13 compounds with triazolo-isatine structure, with high yields, in a fast and sustainable way. To achieve this, we have mainly used the copper-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) in its different versions, using a reusable heterogeneous catalyst, the HKUST-1 MOF. The catalyst has proven to be very active and versatile for these transformations. The compounds obtained will soon be tested in HeLA tumor cell lines.
This experimental Final Degree Project describes the synthesis of organic compounds derived from the structure of isatin, a type of biomolecule with different pharmacological activities, among which the anticancer activity stands out. The main methodology used in this work was Click Chemistry, which has allowed us to obtain a small library of 13 compounds with triazolo-isatine structure, with high yields, in a fast and sustainable way. To achieve this, we have mainly used the copper-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) in its different versions, using a reusable heterogeneous catalyst, the HKUST-1 MOF. The catalyst has proven to be very active and versatile for these transformations. The compounds obtained will soon be tested in HeLA tumor cell lines.
Direction
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
A literatura review about male contraception
Authorship
Z.A.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Z.A.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:00
07.22.2024 11:00
Summary
Access to reliable contraception is a pillar of modern society. The burden of avoiding unwanted pregnancies has traditionally fallen on women. However, rising global population rates have led to a growing need to develop male contraceptives beyond condoms and vasectomies. Efforts to develop a drug capable of altering the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis date back to the middle of the last century. Early hormonal contraceptives have faced multiple barriers, including systemic effects, complex dosage regimens and social stigma of hormone use. In order to overcome these problems, new hormonal and non-hormonal agents have recently been developed. These new agents seek to limit adverse reactions and simplify administration. Non-hormonal contraceptives have very diverse targets that inhibit different phases of spermatogenesis and sperm training. In this sense, the identification of genes involved in male infertility has helped the development of new targets. Other types of contraceptives, such as those focusing on obstruction of the vas deferens, are also available today. Despite multiple clinical trials in recent years, there is currently no authorized male contraceptive in any country. This literature review explores potential emerging drugs, including hormonal and non-hormonal agents.
Access to reliable contraception is a pillar of modern society. The burden of avoiding unwanted pregnancies has traditionally fallen on women. However, rising global population rates have led to a growing need to develop male contraceptives beyond condoms and vasectomies. Efforts to develop a drug capable of altering the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis date back to the middle of the last century. Early hormonal contraceptives have faced multiple barriers, including systemic effects, complex dosage regimens and social stigma of hormone use. In order to overcome these problems, new hormonal and non-hormonal agents have recently been developed. These new agents seek to limit adverse reactions and simplify administration. Non-hormonal contraceptives have very diverse targets that inhibit different phases of spermatogenesis and sperm training. In this sense, the identification of genes involved in male infertility has helped the development of new targets. Other types of contraceptives, such as those focusing on obstruction of the vas deferens, are also available today. Despite multiple clinical trials in recent years, there is currently no authorized male contraceptive in any country. This literature review explores potential emerging drugs, including hormonal and non-hormonal agents.
Direction
González Jartín, Jesús María (Tutorships)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Evolution in the treatment of hepatitis C
Authorship
S.B.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
S.B.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:40
07.22.2024 11:40
Summary
The treatment of hepatitis C has made great advances in the last 30 years. In 1989, the identification of the virus that causes the disease initiated a scientific and medical race to find the best therapies. Initially, the first treatments were based on the use of interferon and ribavirin, a regimen that offered modest cure rates, around 40-50%, and was associated with significant side effects. It was not until 2011 that the landscape changed completely with the introduction of direct-acting antivirals. These drugs act directly on proteins that are essential for virus replication, leading to cure rates of over 95% and shorter treatments that were better tolerated by patients. However, despite these great results, there are still significant challenges ahead. The World Health Organization has established global strategies to achieve the eradication of this disease, based on improved methods of detection and early diagnosis of the disease, greater accessibility to treatments, disease prevention measures and the search for a possible vaccine
The treatment of hepatitis C has made great advances in the last 30 years. In 1989, the identification of the virus that causes the disease initiated a scientific and medical race to find the best therapies. Initially, the first treatments were based on the use of interferon and ribavirin, a regimen that offered modest cure rates, around 40-50%, and was associated with significant side effects. It was not until 2011 that the landscape changed completely with the introduction of direct-acting antivirals. These drugs act directly on proteins that are essential for virus replication, leading to cure rates of over 95% and shorter treatments that were better tolerated by patients. However, despite these great results, there are still significant challenges ahead. The World Health Organization has established global strategies to achieve the eradication of this disease, based on improved methods of detection and early diagnosis of the disease, greater accessibility to treatments, disease prevention measures and the search for a possible vaccine
Direction
Abad Caeiro, Marcelina (Tutorships)
Abad Caeiro, Marcelina (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Antiepileptic Drugs and Fetal Development: Analysis of Teratogenic Effects
Authorship
P.G.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
P.G.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 13:00
07.22.2024 13:00
Summary
Introduction and objectives: AEDs are essential for seizure control in pregnant women with epilepsy, despite their teratogenic risks. It is crucial to maintain treatment, adjust the dosage, monitor blood levels and supplement with folic acid to protect both mother and fetus. The main objective of this narrative review is to analyze the teratogenic effects of these drugs. Material and Methods: Articles on AEDs and congenital malformations were reviewed using database such as PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO and NIH. Offical websites from organizations like AEMPS and WHO, as well as data from international registries, were also consulted. Results: In monotherapy, valproate presents the highest risk of MCM with prevalence ranging from 6,7% to 14,8%, while lamotrigine (2.3%-4.9%) and levetiracetam (2.8%-3.6%) are safer. This risk increases with dosage, especially for phenobarbital and valproate, with odds ratios (ORs) of 5.41 and 5.00, respectively, when comparing high and low doses. Valproate causes cardiac, facial, and genitourinary malformations. Topiramate and phenobarbital cause neural tube defects and skeletal anomalies. Carbamazepine is associated with cardiac and skeletal malformations. In polytherapy, topiramate (7.14%) and valproate (5.19%-9.09%) present the highest MCM risk. The safest are phenytoin (2.87%-4.76%) and levetiracetam (2.86%-3.03%). Conclusion: Valproate (monotherapy) and topiramate (polytherapy) exhibit the highest teratogenic potential. Polytherapy increases this risk compared to monotherapy, but excluding valproate and topiramate reduces it. Monotherapy is preferred due to better adherence, lower cost, and fewer pharmacological interactions.
Introduction and objectives: AEDs are essential for seizure control in pregnant women with epilepsy, despite their teratogenic risks. It is crucial to maintain treatment, adjust the dosage, monitor blood levels and supplement with folic acid to protect both mother and fetus. The main objective of this narrative review is to analyze the teratogenic effects of these drugs. Material and Methods: Articles on AEDs and congenital malformations were reviewed using database such as PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO and NIH. Offical websites from organizations like AEMPS and WHO, as well as data from international registries, were also consulted. Results: In monotherapy, valproate presents the highest risk of MCM with prevalence ranging from 6,7% to 14,8%, while lamotrigine (2.3%-4.9%) and levetiracetam (2.8%-3.6%) are safer. This risk increases with dosage, especially for phenobarbital and valproate, with odds ratios (ORs) of 5.41 and 5.00, respectively, when comparing high and low doses. Valproate causes cardiac, facial, and genitourinary malformations. Topiramate and phenobarbital cause neural tube defects and skeletal anomalies. Carbamazepine is associated with cardiac and skeletal malformations. In polytherapy, topiramate (7.14%) and valproate (5.19%-9.09%) present the highest MCM risk. The safest are phenytoin (2.87%-4.76%) and levetiracetam (2.86%-3.03%). Conclusion: Valproate (monotherapy) and topiramate (polytherapy) exhibit the highest teratogenic potential. Polytherapy increases this risk compared to monotherapy, but excluding valproate and topiramate reduces it. Monotherapy is preferred due to better adherence, lower cost, and fewer pharmacological interactions.
Direction
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Tutorships)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Member)
Funcionalization of microcrystalline cellulosa with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): Structural analysis, 3D printing and catalytic aplications.
Authorship
A.H.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.H.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:20
07.22.2024 09:20
Summary
An innovative and multidisciplinary project was proposed to synthesize and characterize composite materials by integrating microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) such as HKUST-1 and ZIF-8. These highly porous MOFs provide a high specific surface area, ideal for their subsequent application in catalysis. To functionalize the MCC with the MOFs, the solvothermal method was used. Previously, the primary hydroxyl group on carbon 6 of the cellulose was oxidized to carboxylic acid by using TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO. This allowed for the establishment of covalent bonds with the metals in the MOF, ensuring stability and preventing leaching. Moreover, metal nanoparticles with catalytic activity, such as Pd(II), were incorporated and dispersed in the porous cavities of the MOF. Detailed characterization of the cellulose@MOF composites was carried out by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Crystals were observed on the surface of the composites, with different shapes and sizes, influenced by the solvent (DMF or H2O) or by the introduction of additional metals (Pd). The need to optimize reaction conditions to improve functionalization was identified. A preliminary study of its catalytic activity was carried out; this demonstrated its reuse in at least two reaction cycles. Furthermore, 3D printing was used to obtain heterogeneous monolithic catalysts, allowing for reusability in multiple reaction cycles. These monoliths were functionalized both before and after the printing process, although their characterization and catalytic evaluation are still under development.
An innovative and multidisciplinary project was proposed to synthesize and characterize composite materials by integrating microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) such as HKUST-1 and ZIF-8. These highly porous MOFs provide a high specific surface area, ideal for their subsequent application in catalysis. To functionalize the MCC with the MOFs, the solvothermal method was used. Previously, the primary hydroxyl group on carbon 6 of the cellulose was oxidized to carboxylic acid by using TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO. This allowed for the establishment of covalent bonds with the metals in the MOF, ensuring stability and preventing leaching. Moreover, metal nanoparticles with catalytic activity, such as Pd(II), were incorporated and dispersed in the porous cavities of the MOF. Detailed characterization of the cellulose@MOF composites was carried out by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Crystals were observed on the surface of the composites, with different shapes and sizes, influenced by the solvent (DMF or H2O) or by the introduction of additional metals (Pd). The need to optimize reaction conditions to improve functionalization was identified. A preliminary study of its catalytic activity was carried out; this demonstrated its reuse in at least two reaction cycles. Furthermore, 3D printing was used to obtain heterogeneous monolithic catalysts, allowing for reusability in multiple reaction cycles. These monoliths were functionalized both before and after the printing process, although their characterization and catalytic evaluation are still under development.
Direction
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Maintenance of physical activity at university stage. A systematic review.
Authorship
M.D.C.L.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.D.C.L.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:40
07.22.2024 09:40
Summary
INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Regular physical activity (PA) helps to maintain an adequate level of health. The university stage is a crucial time for establishing habits that will be maintained throughout life. The aim of this study is to gain further knowledge of PA practice in Spanish university students, as well as its determinants and the influence of certain factors (COVID-19 and sex). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was carried out to identify the most relevant articles published to date on physical activity in the university stage. A total of 473 records were examined from which 11 studies were finally selected. RESULTS: A total of 31,490 Spanish university students were included, with a predominance of women (66%). The IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) was the most commonly used measurement instrument. Studies show moderate levels of PA in university students. These levels decreased during COVID-19 confinement and subsequently improved without reaching pre-pandemic levels. Men had higher PA levels than women, although these differences evened out during the pandemic. The main barriers to sport were lack of time and restrictions during confinement. CONCLUSIONS: University students show a satisfactory level of PA. Given the importance of the university stage, strategies that promote a more active lifestyle are key to improve health outcomes and reduce future disease risk.
INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Regular physical activity (PA) helps to maintain an adequate level of health. The university stage is a crucial time for establishing habits that will be maintained throughout life. The aim of this study is to gain further knowledge of PA practice in Spanish university students, as well as its determinants and the influence of certain factors (COVID-19 and sex). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was carried out to identify the most relevant articles published to date on physical activity in the university stage. A total of 473 records were examined from which 11 studies were finally selected. RESULTS: A total of 31,490 Spanish university students were included, with a predominance of women (66%). The IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) was the most commonly used measurement instrument. Studies show moderate levels of PA in university students. These levels decreased during COVID-19 confinement and subsequently improved without reaching pre-pandemic levels. Men had higher PA levels than women, although these differences evened out during the pandemic. The main barriers to sport were lack of time and restrictions during confinement. CONCLUSIONS: University students show a satisfactory level of PA. Given the importance of the university stage, strategies that promote a more active lifestyle are key to improve health outcomes and reduce future disease risk.
Direction
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Tutorships)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Recent advances in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authorship
M.N.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.N.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:00
07.22.2024 10:00
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is currently considered a global pandemic due to its high prevalence that has been increasing over the last decades, mainly attributed to the synergism produced by the inadequate sedentary and dietary habits of the population, increasingly established in developed countries. Diabetes is associated with multiple complications that deteriorate the health condition of those affected, therefore, the treatment and management of complications is considered essential to improve the quality of life of the patient and the evolution of the disease. However, despite advances in new drugs and methods of administration further development is needed to optimize treatment. The basic treatment for 1 type diabetics is insulin and its administra:on route remains subcutaneous. Therefore, numerous researchers continue to work on developing oral administration formulations, with various articles addressing strategies for achieving this and other innovations like cell therapy. In the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the subcutaneous administration route is emphasized as it has proven beneficial in these chronic treatments, increasing patient adherence and reducing associated costs, but limitations such as irregular bioavailability or injection site reactions still exist. Focusing on GLP-1 agonists, new strategies for their administration are discussed. Finally, several studies on new drugs with dual agonist effects and other novel mechanisms of action are reviewed.
Diabetes mellitus is currently considered a global pandemic due to its high prevalence that has been increasing over the last decades, mainly attributed to the synergism produced by the inadequate sedentary and dietary habits of the population, increasingly established in developed countries. Diabetes is associated with multiple complications that deteriorate the health condition of those affected, therefore, the treatment and management of complications is considered essential to improve the quality of life of the patient and the evolution of the disease. However, despite advances in new drugs and methods of administration further development is needed to optimize treatment. The basic treatment for 1 type diabetics is insulin and its administra:on route remains subcutaneous. Therefore, numerous researchers continue to work on developing oral administration formulations, with various articles addressing strategies for achieving this and other innovations like cell therapy. In the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the subcutaneous administration route is emphasized as it has proven beneficial in these chronic treatments, increasing patient adherence and reducing associated costs, but limitations such as irregular bioavailability or injection site reactions still exist. Focusing on GLP-1 agonists, new strategies for their administration are discussed. Finally, several studies on new drugs with dual agonist effects and other novel mechanisms of action are reviewed.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Development and characterization of macrophage-membrane camouflaged nanocarriers for disulfiram repositioning
Authorship
E.P.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
E.P.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:20
07.22.2024 10:20
Summary
In recent years, disulfiram has emerged as a cost-effective, rapid and appropriate therapeutic strategy for pathologies with unmet medical needs such as osteoarthritis and pancreatic cancer. These applications are based on its anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity acting at different levels on resident macrophages. However, its clinical application is hampered by its poor solubility, systemic toxicity and physiological instability. Encapsulation of disulfiram into macrophage membrane-camouflaged nanocarriers is a promising strategy to provide an effective, highly-specific, and safer treatment. The presence of a macrophage membrane coating will bestow the nanocarriers with prolonging circulation time, reduced clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system and natural tropism for inflammatory sites and tumors. Herein, different polymeric nanocarriers loaded with disulfiram were prepared and characterized in order to select the most suitable one, according to their physicochemical properties, for subsequent coating with macrophage membranes. According to DLS measurements and TEM analysis, nanocarriers composed of PLGA were the most suitable ones. The obtained macrophage membrane-camouflaged nanocarriers were hemocompatible and their physicochemical properties remain unaltered for 24 hours at 4ºC. Nevertheless, all these finding should be completed with in vitro and in vivo studies.
In recent years, disulfiram has emerged as a cost-effective, rapid and appropriate therapeutic strategy for pathologies with unmet medical needs such as osteoarthritis and pancreatic cancer. These applications are based on its anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity acting at different levels on resident macrophages. However, its clinical application is hampered by its poor solubility, systemic toxicity and physiological instability. Encapsulation of disulfiram into macrophage membrane-camouflaged nanocarriers is a promising strategy to provide an effective, highly-specific, and safer treatment. The presence of a macrophage membrane coating will bestow the nanocarriers with prolonging circulation time, reduced clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system and natural tropism for inflammatory sites and tumors. Herein, different polymeric nanocarriers loaded with disulfiram were prepared and characterized in order to select the most suitable one, according to their physicochemical properties, for subsequent coating with macrophage membranes. According to DLS measurements and TEM analysis, nanocarriers composed of PLGA were the most suitable ones. The obtained macrophage membrane-camouflaged nanocarriers were hemocompatible and their physicochemical properties remain unaltered for 24 hours at 4ºC. Nevertheless, all these finding should be completed with in vitro and in vivo studies.
Direction
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Aceytlcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease.
Authorship
L.R.E.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.R.E.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:40
07.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease is chronic, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. It is characterised by the accumulation of B-amyloid plaques and the formation of interneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. It is also closely related to an enzime, the aceylcholinesterase. According to the cholinergic hypothesis, a synaptic déficit is caused by a lack of several neurotransmitters, especially acetylcholine. There are several therapies to address the disease, most notably the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs. The therapeutic strategy is to prevent the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase, thereby increasing the concentration of neurotransmitter and improving cognitive functions. Four inhibitors were marketed: tacrine, donepezile, rivastigmine and galantamine. Of these, only the last three are still on the market. Furthermore, these drugs are known to have neuroprotective mechanisms against the disease. On the other hand, future anticholinesterase drugs with fewer adverse effects and a mechanism aimed at acting at different levels of the disease are being developed.
Alzheimer’s disease is chronic, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. It is characterised by the accumulation of B-amyloid plaques and the formation of interneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. It is also closely related to an enzime, the aceylcholinesterase. According to the cholinergic hypothesis, a synaptic déficit is caused by a lack of several neurotransmitters, especially acetylcholine. There are several therapies to address the disease, most notably the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs. The therapeutic strategy is to prevent the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase, thereby increasing the concentration of neurotransmitter and improving cognitive functions. Four inhibitors were marketed: tacrine, donepezile, rivastigmine and galantamine. Of these, only the last three are still on the market. Furthermore, these drugs are known to have neuroprotective mechanisms against the disease. On the other hand, future anticholinesterase drugs with fewer adverse effects and a mechanism aimed at acting at different levels of the disease are being developed.
Direction
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Clinical applications of botulinum toxin
Authorship
M.V.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.V.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:00
07.22.2024 11:00
Summary
Botulinum toxin, a neurotoxin obtained from Clostridium botulinum, has undergone a remarkable transition throughout history, from being considered a threat to food safety to its therapeutic use in various disorders. The aim of this work is to provide an updated literature review of the applications and clinical management of botulinum toxin, its mechanism of action and main adverse effects. For this purpose, Web of Science and Pubmed were used as databases. In addition, book chapters, official websites and Google Scholar were consulted. The mechanism of action differs according to the type of botulinum toxin (A-G) and is based on the inhibition of exocytosis of different neurotransmitters and receptors in neuronal terminals, both peripherally and centrally. The main clinical application of botulinum toxin is for the treatment of various types of dystonia and spasticity, but there is also a high degree of evidence for other applications, such as chronic migraine prophylaxis, treatment of bladder hyperactivity,sialorrhea and axillary hyperhidrosis. Other indications(e.g. chronic pain) require further research. In botulinum toxin therapy, repeated injections are necessary, usually every 12 weeks, as the effect is reversible, and sometimes the discontinuation of therapy may be necessary due to adverse effects or ineffectiveness. For this reason, new lines of research focused on strategies to reduce this risk are emerging.
Botulinum toxin, a neurotoxin obtained from Clostridium botulinum, has undergone a remarkable transition throughout history, from being considered a threat to food safety to its therapeutic use in various disorders. The aim of this work is to provide an updated literature review of the applications and clinical management of botulinum toxin, its mechanism of action and main adverse effects. For this purpose, Web of Science and Pubmed were used as databases. In addition, book chapters, official websites and Google Scholar were consulted. The mechanism of action differs according to the type of botulinum toxin (A-G) and is based on the inhibition of exocytosis of different neurotransmitters and receptors in neuronal terminals, both peripherally and centrally. The main clinical application of botulinum toxin is for the treatment of various types of dystonia and spasticity, but there is also a high degree of evidence for other applications, such as chronic migraine prophylaxis, treatment of bladder hyperactivity,sialorrhea and axillary hyperhidrosis. Other indications(e.g. chronic pain) require further research. In botulinum toxin therapy, repeated injections are necessary, usually every 12 weeks, as the effect is reversible, and sometimes the discontinuation of therapy may be necessary due to adverse effects or ineffectiveness. For this reason, new lines of research focused on strategies to reduce this risk are emerging.
Direction
SÁNCHEZ SELLERO, INÉS (Tutorships)
SÁNCHEZ SELLERO, INÉS (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Chemical composition of hops: effect of cultivar, geographical origin and harvest time
Authorship
J.V.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
J.V.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:40
07.22.2024 11:40
Summary
Hops (Humulus lupulus) are used in the brewing industry for their cones that contain lupulin, which adds flavor and bitterness to beer. The United States is the leading producer of hops, with cultivars such as Comet, Zeus, Chinook and Cascade, while Brazil, although a major beer producer, imports most of its hops. This study sought to identify and quantify alfa and beta acids and polyphenols in hops from cultivars from Brazil and the United States. Given that Brazil imports most of the hops it uses, the aim was to evaluate whether the local crop has chemical characteristics comparable to those of the main world producer. For this purpose, the extraction, identification and quantification of the compounds of interest were carried out using High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography with Diode Detector (HPLC-DAD) to study the effect of inflorescences harvest time and geographical origin on their chemical composition and their potential use as chemical markers to authenticate the studied cultivars. The results showed that cultivars produced in Brazil have a chemical composition equivalent to those produced in the US, confirming the potential of this country to produce its own hops, with special attention to the Comet variety, which has presented a higher alfa/beta ratio as well as the presence of 8-Prenylnaringenin, a metabolite absents in the US cultivar. The use of these compounds or their ratios to classify cultivars and use them as possible authenticity markers requires further studies to confirm the results presented.
Hops (Humulus lupulus) are used in the brewing industry for their cones that contain lupulin, which adds flavor and bitterness to beer. The United States is the leading producer of hops, with cultivars such as Comet, Zeus, Chinook and Cascade, while Brazil, although a major beer producer, imports most of its hops. This study sought to identify and quantify alfa and beta acids and polyphenols in hops from cultivars from Brazil and the United States. Given that Brazil imports most of the hops it uses, the aim was to evaluate whether the local crop has chemical characteristics comparable to those of the main world producer. For this purpose, the extraction, identification and quantification of the compounds of interest were carried out using High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography with Diode Detector (HPLC-DAD) to study the effect of inflorescences harvest time and geographical origin on their chemical composition and their potential use as chemical markers to authenticate the studied cultivars. The results showed that cultivars produced in Brazil have a chemical composition equivalent to those produced in the US, confirming the potential of this country to produce its own hops, with special attention to the Comet variety, which has presented a higher alfa/beta ratio as well as the presence of 8-Prenylnaringenin, a metabolite absents in the US cultivar. The use of these compounds or their ratios to classify cultivars and use them as possible authenticity markers requires further studies to confirm the results presented.
Direction
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Rosacea: symptoms, causes and treatment options
Authorship
J.J.R.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
J.J.R.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:00
02.22.2024 11:00
Summary
Rosacea is a chronic dermatological pathology of the central part of the face, with a prevalence of more than 5 per cent and more common in pale and sun-sensitive skin. Depending on the symptoms, it can be classified into subgroups: erythematotelangiectasic, papulopustular, phymatous and ocular, which also appear combined. The current diagnostic criteria are erythema in the central facial third, with intermittent intensification and phymatous changes, along with other symptoms such as papules, pustules or telangiectasias. The current pathophysiological model assumes immunological dysregulation and a trend for excessive inflammation and vasodilation. Several triggering factors are recognized that act on pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and transient potential receptors (TRP): thermal, dietary, chemical, mechanical, UV radiation, exercise, stress or the microbiome (Demodex). In addition to surgical treatments for phymatous rosacea and lifestyle changes, pharmacological treatments directly related to pathophysiological mechanisms have been developed. Topical tetracyclines, ivermectins, azelaic acid or metronidazole are common drugs. Orally, alpha-adrenergic agonists with a vasoconstrictive effect are used, such as brimonidine and oxymetazoline. Isotrethionine is an example of the few drugs used for phymatous rosacea. The most recent developments involve formulations of nanoparticles, nanorods or liposomes that facilitate the penetration of active ingredients, as well as the development of gene therapies: anti-TNF-alpha siRNA, which would reduce inflammatory mediators. An interesting area of research would be the development of drugs that inhibit the activation of TRP ion channels
Rosacea is a chronic dermatological pathology of the central part of the face, with a prevalence of more than 5 per cent and more common in pale and sun-sensitive skin. Depending on the symptoms, it can be classified into subgroups: erythematotelangiectasic, papulopustular, phymatous and ocular, which also appear combined. The current diagnostic criteria are erythema in the central facial third, with intermittent intensification and phymatous changes, along with other symptoms such as papules, pustules or telangiectasias. The current pathophysiological model assumes immunological dysregulation and a trend for excessive inflammation and vasodilation. Several triggering factors are recognized that act on pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and transient potential receptors (TRP): thermal, dietary, chemical, mechanical, UV radiation, exercise, stress or the microbiome (Demodex). In addition to surgical treatments for phymatous rosacea and lifestyle changes, pharmacological treatments directly related to pathophysiological mechanisms have been developed. Topical tetracyclines, ivermectins, azelaic acid or metronidazole are common drugs. Orally, alpha-adrenergic agonists with a vasoconstrictive effect are used, such as brimonidine and oxymetazoline. Isotrethionine is an example of the few drugs used for phymatous rosacea. The most recent developments involve formulations of nanoparticles, nanorods or liposomes that facilitate the penetration of active ingredients, as well as the development of gene therapies: anti-TNF-alpha siRNA, which would reduce inflammatory mediators. An interesting area of research would be the development of drugs that inhibit the activation of TRP ion channels
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Impact of endocrine disruptors on breast cancer.
Authorship
A.A.E.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.A.E.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:20
02.22.2024 11:20
Summary
Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed diseases worldwide and one of those with the highest mortality. Despite having a multifactorial and largely unknown etiology, it is suspected that certain chemical substances could promote tumor development by acting as endocrine disruptors (EDCs). EDCs interact with endogenous hormones of the mammary gland, especially estrogens, through several mechanisms such as mimicking their hormonal activity, which would enable their binding with estrogen receptors. Furthermore, these substances could stimulate the possible appearance of breast cancer at extremely low doses, although these doses have not been studied precisely. It is known that human beings are exposed to a multitude of substances at the same time, due to their ubiquity, which is why they could combine, causing what is known as the cocktail effect. This would further increase the chances of having a tumor. Likewise, it has been seen that the mammary gland, in some stages of its differentiation, is more sensitive to endocrine disruption, which may increase the risk of getting the disease. This bibliographic review presents the most important aspects about endocrine disruption and its relationship with breast cancer.
Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed diseases worldwide and one of those with the highest mortality. Despite having a multifactorial and largely unknown etiology, it is suspected that certain chemical substances could promote tumor development by acting as endocrine disruptors (EDCs). EDCs interact with endogenous hormones of the mammary gland, especially estrogens, through several mechanisms such as mimicking their hormonal activity, which would enable their binding with estrogen receptors. Furthermore, these substances could stimulate the possible appearance of breast cancer at extremely low doses, although these doses have not been studied precisely. It is known that human beings are exposed to a multitude of substances at the same time, due to their ubiquity, which is why they could combine, causing what is known as the cocktail effect. This would further increase the chances of having a tumor. Likewise, it has been seen that the mammary gland, in some stages of its differentiation, is more sensitive to endocrine disruption, which may increase the risk of getting the disease. This bibliographic review presents the most important aspects about endocrine disruption and its relationship with breast cancer.
Direction
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Nanoplatforms in lunc cancer theranostic
Authorship
M.L.D.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.L.D.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:40
02.22.2024 11:40
Summary
Nanoparticles are increasingly being introduced in the treatment and diagnosis of many pathologies, but to a greater extent in cancer theragnostics. There are many nanosystems, of different composition and shape, that are capable of transporting antitumor drugs with greater precision, achieving a more sustained release and with fewer side effects than conventional therapies. These advances include research for lung cancer, one of the cancers with the highest mortality worldwide and for which it is essential to develop new lines of treatment and diagnosis since the current ones, in addition to being ineffective in many cases, entail many side effects that considerably affect the quality of life of patients. To do this, it is necessary to know the particular properties of each of these nanoparticles, their main synthesis methods and their current application, both in research and in drugs already used in the clinic. Among the most used are polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, exosomes, dendrimers, monoclonal antibodies and inorganic nanoparticles such as quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles. Drugs already used as chemotherapy will be introduced in them with the aim of having a more localized therapy with fewer side effects. In addition, particular characteristics of each nanoparticle will be taken advantage of, such as its photothermal, photoluminous or magnetic capacity, and of each tumor, such as its possible variations in temperature or pH.
Nanoparticles are increasingly being introduced in the treatment and diagnosis of many pathologies, but to a greater extent in cancer theragnostics. There are many nanosystems, of different composition and shape, that are capable of transporting antitumor drugs with greater precision, achieving a more sustained release and with fewer side effects than conventional therapies. These advances include research for lung cancer, one of the cancers with the highest mortality worldwide and for which it is essential to develop new lines of treatment and diagnosis since the current ones, in addition to being ineffective in many cases, entail many side effects that considerably affect the quality of life of patients. To do this, it is necessary to know the particular properties of each of these nanoparticles, their main synthesis methods and their current application, both in research and in drugs already used in the clinic. Among the most used are polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, exosomes, dendrimers, monoclonal antibodies and inorganic nanoparticles such as quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles. Drugs already used as chemotherapy will be introduced in them with the aim of having a more localized therapy with fewer side effects. In addition, particular characteristics of each nanoparticle will be taken advantage of, such as its photothermal, photoluminous or magnetic capacity, and of each tumor, such as its possible variations in temperature or pH.
Direction
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Tutorships)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Antibiotic resistance and its relationship with resistance marker genes in GM foods, significance and alternatives.
Authorship
A.P.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.P.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:40
02.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Since their introduction, genetically modified foods have been a subject of debate and rejection by a significant portion of the society. Concerns have been raised regarding potential risks to human health and threats to the environment. However, the main concern of the scientific community is the risk of promoting bacterial resistance. This is because genetically modified food production methods often involve the use of antibiotic-resistant genes which,. if transferred to circulating bacteria, could exacerbate an already existing and too serious problem of its own, such as the rise of bacterial resistance. Therefore, it is important to review how these foods are produced and to look for safer alternatives. Otherwise, the price to be paid for these products, although economical, may be too high for humanity.
Since their introduction, genetically modified foods have been a subject of debate and rejection by a significant portion of the society. Concerns have been raised regarding potential risks to human health and threats to the environment. However, the main concern of the scientific community is the risk of promoting bacterial resistance. This is because genetically modified food production methods often involve the use of antibiotic-resistant genes which,. if transferred to circulating bacteria, could exacerbate an already existing and too serious problem of its own, such as the rise of bacterial resistance. Therefore, it is important to review how these foods are produced and to look for safer alternatives. Otherwise, the price to be paid for these products, although economical, may be too high for humanity.
Direction
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
Court
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Glucosinolates in food
Authorship
D.S.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
D.S.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:00
02.22.2024 11:00
Summary
In this bibliographic review, the study of glucosinolates, their chemical properties and metabolism is addressed framing these compounds in the families and the species where they occur in greater quantities. The biosynthesis within plants and the metabolism in the human body are analyzed, mentioning the most interesting metabolites according to their properties on human health. In the review we also consider the most important food sources, highlighting the Brassicales order. The possible losses in the processes of storage, transport, processing and cooking of cruciferous vegetables are examined. The importance of glucosinolates and their derivatives in human health with different properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, etc. is examined. Their impact on pathologies such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and cancer diseases is also investigated. The possible negative effects that the consumption of glucosinolates can cause are also taken into account.
In this bibliographic review, the study of glucosinolates, their chemical properties and metabolism is addressed framing these compounds in the families and the species where they occur in greater quantities. The biosynthesis within plants and the metabolism in the human body are analyzed, mentioning the most interesting metabolites according to their properties on human health. In the review we also consider the most important food sources, highlighting the Brassicales order. The possible losses in the processes of storage, transport, processing and cooking of cruciferous vegetables are examined. The importance of glucosinolates and their derivatives in human health with different properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, etc. is examined. Their impact on pathologies such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and cancer diseases is also investigated. The possible negative effects that the consumption of glucosinolates can cause are also taken into account.
Direction
LOPEZ HERNANDEZ, MARIA JULIA CELIA (Tutorships)
LOPEZ HERNANDEZ, MARIA JULIA CELIA (Tutorships)
Court
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Meningitis: basic concepts, types, prevention, emergency diagnosis and treatment.
Authorship
S.A.E.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
S.A.E.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:20
02.22.2024 11:20
Summary
Meningitis is a worldwide disease, which affects underdeveloped countries, but it is also very present in developed countries. Meningitis remains a big issue nowadays even after the use of preventive vaccines which, although they have managed to reduce the incidence rate, morbidity and mortality remains high. There are many causes of the disease and the most common are viruses. Some bacterias can also cause meningitis and this is the most severe form of the disease that requires rapid action by medical staff to save the life of patients, as well as prevent possible health consequences. The medical emergency of the disease requires an almost immediate start of empirical antibiotic treatment. This review includes general information about meningitis, a description of the different types of meningitis, the diagnosis and an updated description of the different treatments and vaccines available.
Meningitis is a worldwide disease, which affects underdeveloped countries, but it is also very present in developed countries. Meningitis remains a big issue nowadays even after the use of preventive vaccines which, although they have managed to reduce the incidence rate, morbidity and mortality remains high. There are many causes of the disease and the most common are viruses. Some bacterias can also cause meningitis and this is the most severe form of the disease that requires rapid action by medical staff to save the life of patients, as well as prevent possible health consequences. The medical emergency of the disease requires an almost immediate start of empirical antibiotic treatment. This review includes general information about meningitis, a description of the different types of meningitis, the diagnosis and an updated description of the different treatments and vaccines available.
Direction
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Tutorships)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Tutorships)
Court
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Analysis of the Atlantic Diet and its anti-cancer properties
Authorship
M.F.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.F.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:40
02.22.2024 11:40
Summary
The connection between diet and health is widely recognized, and there is increasing scientific evidence that supports the importance of a balanced diet and its relationship in the prevention of numerous chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis and cancer, directly relating to longevity. The information collected in this work reveals the positive action of foods from the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD) on the prevention and treatment of some types of cancer. Epigenetics is discussed and the oncoprotective properties of some nutraceuticals traditionally consumed in this diet are considered, focusing attention on molecules of great importance such as glucosinolates from the Brassica genus: Sulforaphane, I3C and DIM, and polyphenols, also contained in vegetables such as brassicas and in olive oil. All of these aspects require further research to delve deeper into all the potential benefits of following this dietary pattern, which is gaining a prominent place as one of the most recommended worldwide for its multiple benefits.
The connection between diet and health is widely recognized, and there is increasing scientific evidence that supports the importance of a balanced diet and its relationship in the prevention of numerous chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis and cancer, directly relating to longevity. The information collected in this work reveals the positive action of foods from the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD) on the prevention and treatment of some types of cancer. Epigenetics is discussed and the oncoprotective properties of some nutraceuticals traditionally consumed in this diet are considered, focusing attention on molecules of great importance such as glucosinolates from the Brassica genus: Sulforaphane, I3C and DIM, and polyphenols, also contained in vegetables such as brassicas and in olive oil. All of these aspects require further research to delve deeper into all the potential benefits of following this dietary pattern, which is gaining a prominent place as one of the most recommended worldwide for its multiple benefits.
Direction
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Court
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance of infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authorship
F.A.Q.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
F.A.Q.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:40
02.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a gram-negative bacterium that has acquired resistance to a large number of antibiotics over time. It is a common opportunistic pathogen in hospitals known to cause mainly urinary tract infections (UTIs), and other diseases such as pneumonia or bloodstream infections. Beta-lactam antibiotics, especially carbapenemics, have traditionally been the drugs used to treat infections caused by this bacterium, but they are no longer effective due to the development of antibiotic resistance. As a consequence, the use of other antibiotics have increased, such as aminoglycosides or quinolones, for which drug-resistant strains have also emerged. Morbidity and mortality rates of K. pneumoniae infections have increased worldwide in recent decades, associated with the increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae (MDR-KP). As a result, this bacteria is now considered as one of the greatest threats to human health and numerous researches are being carryed out to find new chemotherapeutic options that deal with the pathogen because there isn’t currently any therapeutic treatment reliable. This review has focused on describing and discussing how resistance to the different types of antibiotics used in clinical practice occurs and presenting the main strains of K. pnemoniae and their characteristics.
Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a gram-negative bacterium that has acquired resistance to a large number of antibiotics over time. It is a common opportunistic pathogen in hospitals known to cause mainly urinary tract infections (UTIs), and other diseases such as pneumonia or bloodstream infections. Beta-lactam antibiotics, especially carbapenemics, have traditionally been the drugs used to treat infections caused by this bacterium, but they are no longer effective due to the development of antibiotic resistance. As a consequence, the use of other antibiotics have increased, such as aminoglycosides or quinolones, for which drug-resistant strains have also emerged. Morbidity and mortality rates of K. pneumoniae infections have increased worldwide in recent decades, associated with the increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae (MDR-KP). As a result, this bacteria is now considered as one of the greatest threats to human health and numerous researches are being carryed out to find new chemotherapeutic options that deal with the pathogen because there isn’t currently any therapeutic treatment reliable. This review has focused on describing and discussing how resistance to the different types of antibiotics used in clinical practice occurs and presenting the main strains of K. pnemoniae and their characteristics.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Evaluation of artificial intelligence models like ChatGPT for drug dosage prediction
Authorship
I.D.T.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.D.T.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:00
07.22.2024 12:00
Summary
Medicine is moving towards personalized drug dosing for each patient. Artificial intelligence could be a perfect tool to simplify pharmacokinetic calculations in order to obtain the best doses for patients, however its use is very limited. Therefore, this project aims to explore the use of conversational models such as ChatGPT for the estimation of the optimal dose for different patients. Examples of vancomycin, tacrolimus and lidocaine will be evaluated with Large Language models (ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot). The evaluation of model responses was scored from 0 to 2 points for each drug in different scenarios, assigning the value 2 if the result is correct. ChatGPT demonstrated greater potential in obtaining the correct dose. Of the three reviewed drugs, tacrolimus accumulated the most correct responses, while the examples with vancomycin did not score any hits. Although the results were not as positive as it might be expected, demonstrating that the models are capable of returning correct answers in some cases opens the door to the future clinical use of these easily accessible tools.
Medicine is moving towards personalized drug dosing for each patient. Artificial intelligence could be a perfect tool to simplify pharmacokinetic calculations in order to obtain the best doses for patients, however its use is very limited. Therefore, this project aims to explore the use of conversational models such as ChatGPT for the estimation of the optimal dose for different patients. Examples of vancomycin, tacrolimus and lidocaine will be evaluated with Large Language models (ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot). The evaluation of model responses was scored from 0 to 2 points for each drug in different scenarios, assigning the value 2 if the result is correct. ChatGPT demonstrated greater potential in obtaining the correct dose. Of the three reviewed drugs, tacrolimus accumulated the most correct responses, while the examples with vancomycin did not score any hits. Although the results were not as positive as it might be expected, demonstrating that the models are capable of returning correct answers in some cases opens the door to the future clinical use of these easily accessible tools.
Direction
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
A review for colorectal cancer biomarkers in feces.
Authorship
P.F.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
P.F.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:20
07.22.2024 12:20
Summary
Cancers are known as the main causes of death among the population. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common in both men and women, considered the third most common worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer death. It is known that this disease can be affected by different risk factors and that the development of adenoma to carcinoma takes years to develop, which can take up to 20 years. This work will focus on the data obtained in different studies on biomarkers in blood but especially in feces, used for the early detection of colorectal cancer. With early detection, prior to the appearance of symptoms, the incidence of this disease can be greatly reduced, thus increasing the survival rate.
Cancers are known as the main causes of death among the population. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common in both men and women, considered the third most common worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer death. It is known that this disease can be affected by different risk factors and that the development of adenoma to carcinoma takes years to develop, which can take up to 20 years. This work will focus on the data obtained in different studies on biomarkers in blood but especially in feces, used for the early detection of colorectal cancer. With early detection, prior to the appearance of symptoms, the incidence of this disease can be greatly reduced, thus increasing the survival rate.
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Clinical trials testing efficacy and Safety of treatments in Multiple Sclerosis.
Authorship
N.G.I.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
N.G.I.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:40
07.22.2024 12:40
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is defined as an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease that predominantly affects the myelin that forms part of the nerve fibers in the Central Nervous System (CNS). The precise cause of MS is not known, but there is determined that it is a condition caused by several factor: genetic and environmental. This pathology affects the whole organism and not in a concrete way, presenting high interindividuality among the people who suffer from it, and it has no cure. In addition, there are treatments aimed at slowing down the evolution and symptoms. Research is also being carried out into the possible benefits of interventional therapies for prevention, pharmacological treatment or non-pharmacological treatments that help to improve the quality of life of patients.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is defined as an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease that predominantly affects the myelin that forms part of the nerve fibers in the Central Nervous System (CNS). The precise cause of MS is not known, but there is determined that it is a condition caused by several factor: genetic and environmental. This pathology affects the whole organism and not in a concrete way, presenting high interindividuality among the people who suffer from it, and it has no cure. In addition, there are treatments aimed at slowing down the evolution and symptoms. Research is also being carried out into the possible benefits of interventional therapies for prevention, pharmacological treatment or non-pharmacological treatments that help to improve the quality of life of patients.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Biomedical devices for continuous drug monitoring
Authorship
J.G.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
J.G.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 13:00
07.22.2024 13:00
Summary
Continuous drug monitoring (CDM) is an innovative alternative to current therapeutic drug monitoring strategies. This approach is a great tool to delve deeper into pharmacokinetic variability and optimize personalized therapy. This final degree project describes recent advances in the development of biomedical devices for continuous real-time drug monitoring. For this purpose, the developed medical products were classified based on the monitoring strategy, differentiating between ex vivo and in vivo systems. In this way, the former would use biological samples extracted from patients while the latter allow monitoring in the patient without requiring a sampling stage. The developed systems identified focus mainly on the use of electrochemical sensors based on aptamers and functionalized with nanoparticles. These biosensors are adapted into health devices to create portable or implantable systems for continuous drug monitoring. The composition, operation and validation results of the different developed systems are also discussed. Likewise, the current challenges that must be overcome to achieve optimal personalized therapy using these systems are identified. Fully integrated, implantable drug monitoring is expected to be achieved in the future, allowing CDM medical devices to automatically adjust medication doses in response to the patient's condition. In this way, better management of diseases will be achieved, facilitating individualized therapy.
Continuous drug monitoring (CDM) is an innovative alternative to current therapeutic drug monitoring strategies. This approach is a great tool to delve deeper into pharmacokinetic variability and optimize personalized therapy. This final degree project describes recent advances in the development of biomedical devices for continuous real-time drug monitoring. For this purpose, the developed medical products were classified based on the monitoring strategy, differentiating between ex vivo and in vivo systems. In this way, the former would use biological samples extracted from patients while the latter allow monitoring in the patient without requiring a sampling stage. The developed systems identified focus mainly on the use of electrochemical sensors based on aptamers and functionalized with nanoparticles. These biosensors are adapted into health devices to create portable or implantable systems for continuous drug monitoring. The composition, operation and validation results of the different developed systems are also discussed. Likewise, the current challenges that must be overcome to achieve optimal personalized therapy using these systems are identified. Fully integrated, implantable drug monitoring is expected to be achieved in the future, allowing CDM medical devices to automatically adjust medication doses in response to the patient's condition. In this way, better management of diseases will be achieved, facilitating individualized therapy.
Direction
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Tailored bone regeneration: design of personalized biomimetic scaffolds
Authorship
L.L.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.L.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:20
07.22.2024 09:20
Summary
Annually, 2.2 million bone graft insertion surgeries are performed worldwide, making bone the second most transplanted tissue after blood. In bone regeneration, autologous bone transplantation remains the gold standard, but as a limited resource, tissue engineering seeks more available alternatives. Last years, 3D printing has revolutionized bone regeneration by enabling the creation of customized scaffolds. Among the most appropriate materials for these implants, calcium phosphates (CaP) have proven to be ideal candidates due to their osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. This study explored the combination of a self-setting ceramic, alpha tricalcium phosphate (aTCP), with a polymer acting as a binder to improve the printability and integrity of the scaffolds. Printable inks with adjustable properties were obtained creating porous scaffolds with high reproducibility. These scaffolds were crosslinked and sterilized in a single step using an autoclave and subjected to specific hydrothermal treatments to endow their surfaces with osteoinductive hydroxyapatite nanoneedles. MicroCT and SEM analyses showed that the autoclave processes did not significantly affect the scaffold structure, accurately replicating the 3D model. Scaffold integrity was demonstrated by incubation in PBS at 37 C for 28 days. The viability and proliferation preosteoblasts were evaluated in vitro for 14 days. These results confirmed that custom carboxymethylcellulose and aTCP scaffolds are promising candidates for promoting bone tissue regeneration.
Annually, 2.2 million bone graft insertion surgeries are performed worldwide, making bone the second most transplanted tissue after blood. In bone regeneration, autologous bone transplantation remains the gold standard, but as a limited resource, tissue engineering seeks more available alternatives. Last years, 3D printing has revolutionized bone regeneration by enabling the creation of customized scaffolds. Among the most appropriate materials for these implants, calcium phosphates (CaP) have proven to be ideal candidates due to their osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. This study explored the combination of a self-setting ceramic, alpha tricalcium phosphate (aTCP), with a polymer acting as a binder to improve the printability and integrity of the scaffolds. Printable inks with adjustable properties were obtained creating porous scaffolds with high reproducibility. These scaffolds were crosslinked and sterilized in a single step using an autoclave and subjected to specific hydrothermal treatments to endow their surfaces with osteoinductive hydroxyapatite nanoneedles. MicroCT and SEM analyses showed that the autoclave processes did not significantly affect the scaffold structure, accurately replicating the 3D model. Scaffold integrity was demonstrated by incubation in PBS at 37 C for 28 days. The viability and proliferation preosteoblasts were evaluated in vitro for 14 days. These results confirmed that custom carboxymethylcellulose and aTCP scaffolds are promising candidates for promoting bone tissue regeneration.
Direction
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Preimplantation Genetic Testing
Authorship
I.M.O.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.M.O.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:40
07.22.2024 09:40
Summary
Nowadays, preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is widely used in in-vitro fertilization centers, allowing the selection and transfer of healthy euploid embryos. This reduces the probabilities of transmitting a genetic disease while improving clinical outcomes in terms of embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates. PGT has a multidisciplinary approach, as it cannot be entirely separated from other Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART). At the same time, it allows the detection of monogenic diseases (PGT-M), aneuploidies (PGT-A), and structural chromosomal alterations (PGT-SR). PGT is characterized by its sophistication, with advantages and weaknesses that stimulate new developments and technical improvements. Therefore, there is a justified need for specialized personnel, both in execution and in careful interpretation of the results. As this technique involves the micromanipulation of human embryos, it is subject to strict regulations that define the situations in which it can be used.
Nowadays, preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is widely used in in-vitro fertilization centers, allowing the selection and transfer of healthy euploid embryos. This reduces the probabilities of transmitting a genetic disease while improving clinical outcomes in terms of embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates. PGT has a multidisciplinary approach, as it cannot be entirely separated from other Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART). At the same time, it allows the detection of monogenic diseases (PGT-M), aneuploidies (PGT-A), and structural chromosomal alterations (PGT-SR). PGT is characterized by its sophistication, with advantages and weaknesses that stimulate new developments and technical improvements. Therefore, there is a justified need for specialized personnel, both in execution and in careful interpretation of the results. As this technique involves the micromanipulation of human embryos, it is subject to strict regulations that define the situations in which it can be used.
Direction
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Tutorships)
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Synthesis and evaluation of A2A receptor antagonists adenosine for cancer immunotherapy
Authorship
A.P.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.P.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:00
07.22.2024 10:00
Summary
The present Bachelor final project describes the design, synthesis, structural characterization and pharmacological evaluation of novel adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ligands for cancer immunotherapy. The new series obtained explore the extracellular region of the receptor and open the door to the development of new dual drugs.
The present Bachelor final project describes the design, synthesis, structural characterization and pharmacological evaluation of novel adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ligands for cancer immunotherapy. The new series obtained explore the extracellular region of the receptor and open the door to the development of new dual drugs.
Direction
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Food supplements within the novel foods framework.
Authorship
A.M.R.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.M.R.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:20
07.22.2024 10:20
Summary
The group of New Foods authorised for use in food supplements is relatively large. Most of these new foods authorised as food supplements do not have a patent and are intended to offer their properties and benefits to those who consume them. Despite not being medicines, but food, such consumption must be controlled by establishing maximum doses and labelling requirements and/or consumption warnings for certain groups of people, such as pregnant women or children. The objective of this work is to carry out a review of the new foods authorised for use in food supplements, make a classification of them based on their nutritional contribution and include an example of each of the groups of said classification, developing aspects such as date of approval, properties and benefits, method of obtaining, maximum established dose or labelling.
The group of New Foods authorised for use in food supplements is relatively large. Most of these new foods authorised as food supplements do not have a patent and are intended to offer their properties and benefits to those who consume them. Despite not being medicines, but food, such consumption must be controlled by establishing maximum doses and labelling requirements and/or consumption warnings for certain groups of people, such as pregnant women or children. The objective of this work is to carry out a review of the new foods authorised for use in food supplements, make a classification of them based on their nutritional contribution and include an example of each of the groups of said classification, developing aspects such as date of approval, properties and benefits, method of obtaining, maximum established dose or labelling.
Direction
LOPEZ HERNANDEZ, MARIA JULIA CELIA (Tutorships)
LOPEZ HERNANDEZ, MARIA JULIA CELIA (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Current situation of leishmaniosis in Spain.
Authorship
C.S.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.S.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:40
07.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Leishmaniosis is considered a neglected tropical disease worldwide. In Spain, it belongs to the group of notifiable diseases, and in addition, it must be declared weekly to the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVE). In this work, it is carried out a review of the epidemiological situation of human leishmaniosis in our country during the years 2016 and 2022. Therefore, the epidemiological data of the disease compiled through the following public health information bases, the Registry of Specialized Health Activity (RAE-CMBD) and the RENAVE, are evaluated and compared. Some variables, such as age, sex, the autonomous community of residence or the clinical form of the leishmaniosis, have been taken into account for the analysis when obtaining the results.
Leishmaniosis is considered a neglected tropical disease worldwide. In Spain, it belongs to the group of notifiable diseases, and in addition, it must be declared weekly to the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVE). In this work, it is carried out a review of the epidemiological situation of human leishmaniosis in our country during the years 2016 and 2022. Therefore, the epidemiological data of the disease compiled through the following public health information bases, the Registry of Specialized Health Activity (RAE-CMBD) and the RENAVE, are evaluated and compared. Some variables, such as age, sex, the autonomous community of residence or the clinical form of the leishmaniosis, have been taken into account for the analysis when obtaining the results.
Direction
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Tutorships)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Suzuki Reactions for the synthesis of a library of diversely substituted aryl-isatins
Authorship
C.M.A.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.M.A.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:00
07.22.2024 12:00
Summary
Isatins and their derivatives have attracted attention in recent decades due to their multiple biological activities, the most important of which is their antiproliferative capacity. The molecular structure of the isatin core allows a wide variety of structural and functional modifications, becoming a privileged scaffold. A very useful type of reaction for obtaining drugs is the Suzuki Reaction, being one of the most used of all the Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions that exist. In this research project, pharmacomodulation was carried out on the structure of 1H-indole-2,3-dione to obtain a small library of isatin-type structures variously substituted with aryl groups. These were obtained by designing different Suzuki reactions, aimed at optimizing the antiproliferative activity of these series.
Isatins and their derivatives have attracted attention in recent decades due to their multiple biological activities, the most important of which is their antiproliferative capacity. The molecular structure of the isatin core allows a wide variety of structural and functional modifications, becoming a privileged scaffold. A very useful type of reaction for obtaining drugs is the Suzuki Reaction, being one of the most used of all the Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions that exist. In this research project, pharmacomodulation was carried out on the structure of 1H-indole-2,3-dione to obtain a small library of isatin-type structures variously substituted with aryl groups. These were obtained by designing different Suzuki reactions, aimed at optimizing the antiproliferative activity of these series.
Direction
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Candy printing pen as a drug manufacturing system
Authorship
L.C.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.C.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:20
07.22.2024 12:20
Summary
Rare diseases, despite being uncommon pathologies, affect a large number of people. 80% are of genetic origin, so children are the ones who suffer the first manifestations. Pediatric patients need precise doses and strict adherence to avoid serious complications. However, the current pharmaceutical production approach, focused on large batches of one-size-fits-all medications, limits the development of adequate treatments. Compounding in hospitals is often the only therapeutic alternative, although it is sometimes considered unattractive and subject to dosing errors. The aim of this study was to explore the applicability of a 3D pen for the development of personalized treatments for children affected by rare diseases to improve their acceptability and adherence to treatment. Different citrulline pharmaceutical inks (30% and 50% w/w) were developed, with various colors and flavors. The ink bars were inserted into the 3D pen, and cylinders of the different formulations were printed by varying the printing time (30s and 60s) to produce personalized doses. The citrulline content was determined by HPLC, obtaining experimental data similar to theoretical ones. The total dissolution time for all samples was less than 30 minutes. This study serves as a proof of concept for the potential use of 3D pens for printing medications, offering a fun, precise, and personalized alternative.
Rare diseases, despite being uncommon pathologies, affect a large number of people. 80% are of genetic origin, so children are the ones who suffer the first manifestations. Pediatric patients need precise doses and strict adherence to avoid serious complications. However, the current pharmaceutical production approach, focused on large batches of one-size-fits-all medications, limits the development of adequate treatments. Compounding in hospitals is often the only therapeutic alternative, although it is sometimes considered unattractive and subject to dosing errors. The aim of this study was to explore the applicability of a 3D pen for the development of personalized treatments for children affected by rare diseases to improve their acceptability and adherence to treatment. Different citrulline pharmaceutical inks (30% and 50% w/w) were developed, with various colors and flavors. The ink bars were inserted into the 3D pen, and cylinders of the different formulations were printed by varying the printing time (30s and 60s) to produce personalized doses. The citrulline content was determined by HPLC, obtaining experimental data similar to theoretical ones. The total dissolution time for all samples was less than 30 minutes. This study serves as a proof of concept for the potential use of 3D pens for printing medications, offering a fun, precise, and personalized alternative.
Direction
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Analysis of the role of CCR9 in the tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer.
Authorship
A.F.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.F.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:40
07.22.2024 12:40
Summary
Overexpression of homeostatic chemokine receptors in cancer cells is associated with cancer progression and a poor prognosis. Several studies have identified a significant role for the CCR9/CCL25 axis in tumorigenesis, including ovarian cancer. Over the past two decades, it has been observed that this interaction affects the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance of ovarian cells. This is sustained over its aberrant expression in various histological subtypes, its involvement in immune response dysfunction and dysregulation of important intracellular signalling pathways. These findings suggest that this could be a potential therapeutic target for patients with resistant or recurrent ovarian cancer. Unlike traditional treatments, a targeted therapy against CCR9 tumour cells would limit toxicity and adverse reactions.
Overexpression of homeostatic chemokine receptors in cancer cells is associated with cancer progression and a poor prognosis. Several studies have identified a significant role for the CCR9/CCL25 axis in tumorigenesis, including ovarian cancer. Over the past two decades, it has been observed that this interaction affects the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance of ovarian cells. This is sustained over its aberrant expression in various histological subtypes, its involvement in immune response dysfunction and dysregulation of important intracellular signalling pathways. These findings suggest that this could be a potential therapeutic target for patients with resistant or recurrent ovarian cancer. Unlike traditional treatments, a targeted therapy against CCR9 tumour cells would limit toxicity and adverse reactions.
Direction
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Tutorships)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Synthesis of halogenated heterocuclic structures with potential activity against neurodegenerative diseases
Authorship
V.G.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
V.G.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 13:00
07.22.2024 13:00
Summary
Neurodegenerative diseases are one of the greatest challenges for the modern pharmacology. Their complicated and unknown origins make the design of new active agents against them difficult. In this context, the design of multitarget structures is interesting , with coumarins being a family of compounds very studied for this purpose. The objectives of this work are synthesis and proposal of new fluorinated derivatives of 3-arylcoumarin with the goal of expanding their possibilities for interaction with pharmacological targets. 15 new coumarin structures were synthesized, purified, and characterized using routine techniques in organic chemistry (proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and melting point) and their purity was confirmed by HPLC. The 15 compounds were synthesized in quantities and purity levels ideal for future pharmacological studies.
Neurodegenerative diseases are one of the greatest challenges for the modern pharmacology. Their complicated and unknown origins make the design of new active agents against them difficult. In this context, the design of multitarget structures is interesting , with coumarins being a family of compounds very studied for this purpose. The objectives of this work are synthesis and proposal of new fluorinated derivatives of 3-arylcoumarin with the goal of expanding their possibilities for interaction with pharmacological targets. 15 new coumarin structures were synthesized, purified, and characterized using routine techniques in organic chemistry (proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and melting point) and their purity was confirmed by HPLC. The 15 compounds were synthesized in quantities and purity levels ideal for future pharmacological studies.
Direction
CORREIA PINTO CARVALHO DE MATOS, MARIA JOAO (Tutorships)
CORREIA PINTO CARVALHO DE MATOS, MARIA JOAO (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Optimization of fluorescence polarization assays for quantifying the activity of compounds in adenosine A2A and A3 receptors.
Authorship
A.G.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.G.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 13:20
07.22.2024 13:20
Summary
High-throughput screening (HTS) is an extensively utilized technique during the preliminary phases of drug development. Therefore, optimizing a straightforward method that allows for the reliable, simple, and safe acquisition of results is crucial for scientific advancement. Traditionally, this type of assays involved radioactive ligands, a type of methodology that deals with various drawbacks such as poor cost-benefit ratio, generation of radioactive waste, and assay complexity. Due to these disadvantages, new methodologies better suited to high-throughput screening, such as polarized fluorescence, were sought. This methodology was employed in this work with the aim of developing two pharmacological screening protocols for molecules to quantify the activity of different compounds on A2A and A3 receptors. To carry out this assay, it was initially necessary to establish the experimental conditions and parameters, and then to test the method with the reference compounds NECA and R-PIA, validating it by finding the dissociation constant (Ki) of different molecules with known activity. For the A2A receptors, the compounds ZM241385, CGS15943, and XAC were used in the validation assay, and for the A3 receptors, the compounds DPCPX, XAC, and ZM241385 were utilized. With the obtained dissociation constant value, we were able to compare the results of these protocols with data from radioligand assays, concluding that they are valid, safe, and reliable.
High-throughput screening (HTS) is an extensively utilized technique during the preliminary phases of drug development. Therefore, optimizing a straightforward method that allows for the reliable, simple, and safe acquisition of results is crucial for scientific advancement. Traditionally, this type of assays involved radioactive ligands, a type of methodology that deals with various drawbacks such as poor cost-benefit ratio, generation of radioactive waste, and assay complexity. Due to these disadvantages, new methodologies better suited to high-throughput screening, such as polarized fluorescence, were sought. This methodology was employed in this work with the aim of developing two pharmacological screening protocols for molecules to quantify the activity of different compounds on A2A and A3 receptors. To carry out this assay, it was initially necessary to establish the experimental conditions and parameters, and then to test the method with the reference compounds NECA and R-PIA, validating it by finding the dissociation constant (Ki) of different molecules with known activity. For the A2A receptors, the compounds ZM241385, CGS15943, and XAC were used in the validation assay, and for the A3 receptors, the compounds DPCPX, XAC, and ZM241385 were utilized. With the obtained dissociation constant value, we were able to compare the results of these protocols with data from radioligand assays, concluding that they are valid, safe, and reliable.
Direction
BREA FLORIANI, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
BREA FLORIANI, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Liquid biopsy in cancer
Authorship
E.J.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
E.J.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:40
07.22.2024 09:40
Summary
Cancer has accompanied humanity since its origins, currently becoming one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The high complexity of this pathology makes its diagnosis and treatment a great challenge for the health system, which is why research groups are focusing on the development of new tools to diagnose and treat this disease. One of them is liquid biopsy, an innovative and non-invasive technique that takes advantage of advances in areas such as molecular biology to isolate and characterize elements released by the tumor from different biological fluids, such as circulating tumor cells (CTC), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or exosomes. These have demonstrated their usefulness in detecting tumor disease in the initial stages, also to monitor the evolution of the pathological process, as well as to personalize the treatment, making it specific for each patient, which frames liquid biopsy in precision medicine. This report describes the main elements of liquid biopsy, biological materials, isolation and analysis techniques and cites examples of cancers in which the usefulness of liquid biopsy has been proven, with mention of the advantages and disadvantages it presents.
Cancer has accompanied humanity since its origins, currently becoming one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The high complexity of this pathology makes its diagnosis and treatment a great challenge for the health system, which is why research groups are focusing on the development of new tools to diagnose and treat this disease. One of them is liquid biopsy, an innovative and non-invasive technique that takes advantage of advances in areas such as molecular biology to isolate and characterize elements released by the tumor from different biological fluids, such as circulating tumor cells (CTC), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or exosomes. These have demonstrated their usefulness in detecting tumor disease in the initial stages, also to monitor the evolution of the pathological process, as well as to personalize the treatment, making it specific for each patient, which frames liquid biopsy in precision medicine. This report describes the main elements of liquid biopsy, biological materials, isolation and analysis techniques and cites examples of cancers in which the usefulness of liquid biopsy has been proven, with mention of the advantages and disadvantages it presents.
Direction
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Tutorships)
CAMIÑA DARRIBA, MANUEL FELIX (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
GREEN SPACES AND QUALITY OF LIFE, The Importance of green environments in the field of health.
Authorship
M.M.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.M.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:00
07.22.2024 10:00
Summary
Green spaces in urban environments play a fundamental role in people's quality of life. They provide us with ideal environments for social interaction, outdoor relaxation and sports, all in contact with nature. The COVID-19 has forced us to recognize the importance of these green environments as refuges of fresh air for the population in times of confinement. This bibliographic work highlights all the benefits that green areas and infrastructures bring to cities, highlighting the improvement of both the physical and mental health of their inhabitants. On the other hand, it mentions the challenges that arise in the creation of these urban green plans, as well as the need for environmental regulation from local to national levels to ensure preservation, sustainability and equality for all citizens. With all this, we want to reflect the relationship established between the creation of green spaces that benefit health, with the services offered from the Pharmacy Office, whose main objectives are the promotion of health and disease prevention. These two areas act synergistically to human welfare.
Green spaces in urban environments play a fundamental role in people's quality of life. They provide us with ideal environments for social interaction, outdoor relaxation and sports, all in contact with nature. The COVID-19 has forced us to recognize the importance of these green environments as refuges of fresh air for the population in times of confinement. This bibliographic work highlights all the benefits that green areas and infrastructures bring to cities, highlighting the improvement of both the physical and mental health of their inhabitants. On the other hand, it mentions the challenges that arise in the creation of these urban green plans, as well as the need for environmental regulation from local to national levels to ensure preservation, sustainability and equality for all citizens. With all this, we want to reflect the relationship established between the creation of green spaces that benefit health, with the services offered from the Pharmacy Office, whose main objectives are the promotion of health and disease prevention. These two areas act synergistically to human welfare.
Direction
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, Mª DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, Mª DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Antibiotic resistance surveillance in hospital wastewater in southern Europe: a systematic review.
Authorship
A.N.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.N.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:20
07.22.2024 10:20
Summary
Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the greatest threats to global public health. Southern European countries have some of the highest percentages of antibiotic resistance and estimated incidence of infections with resistant bacteria within Europe. In the search for new, more versatile and faster methods for monitoring resistance, wastewater-based surveillance was proposed as an interesting tool to use, despite presenting limited reports that focus their study on this issue. Especially in hospital wastewater, considered an area with high risk of dissemination of resistance genes to the aquatic environment. A systematic review was proposed with the objective of evaluating the information obtained from studies that have used this surveillance system in hospital wastewater in the southern region of Europe. A search and later selection of studies was carried out in different databases, finally including 11 studies in the review. In all of them, the hospital sector presented a high level of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements that promote the emergence of resistance. The results obtained for specific antibiotic resistance were very heterogeneous and were carried out using a non-standardized methodology, challenging the comparison of the results and the interpretation of the data.
Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the greatest threats to global public health. Southern European countries have some of the highest percentages of antibiotic resistance and estimated incidence of infections with resistant bacteria within Europe. In the search for new, more versatile and faster methods for monitoring resistance, wastewater-based surveillance was proposed as an interesting tool to use, despite presenting limited reports that focus their study on this issue. Especially in hospital wastewater, considered an area with high risk of dissemination of resistance genes to the aquatic environment. A systematic review was proposed with the objective of evaluating the information obtained from studies that have used this surveillance system in hospital wastewater in the southern region of Europe. A search and later selection of studies was carried out in different databases, finally including 11 studies in the review. In all of them, the hospital sector presented a high level of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements that promote the emergence of resistance. The results obtained for specific antibiotic resistance were very heterogeneous and were carried out using a non-standardized methodology, challenging the comparison of the results and the interpretation of the data.
Direction
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Design and evaluation of antibacterial surfaces
Authorship
N.T.I.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
N.T.I.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:00
02.22.2024 11:00
Summary
The increase in antibiotic resistance in recent decades has underscored the need for new options and molecules for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by the ESKAPEE group. In this context, pharmacological repositioning has gained great importance, with a notable emphasis on the disulfiram molecule, which has demonstrated potential antimicrobial activity through various mechanisms and a reduced propensity for develop of resistance. Electrospinning is one of the techniques used in the synthesis of fibers from polymeric solutions, showing superior results in terms of structure and mechanical properties. This technique has the ability to produce nanoscale fibers with a high surface area. Fibroin is one of the most widely used natural polymers in various fields, known for its excellent mechanical and biomedical properties. This study will evaluate the synthesis of antimicrobial fibers based on silk fibroin, using the electrospinning technique and incorporating disulfiram as a bioactive molecule; evaluating their release profile, the antimicrobial properties against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and their pharmacological safety for their biomedical aplications.
The increase in antibiotic resistance in recent decades has underscored the need for new options and molecules for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by the ESKAPEE group. In this context, pharmacological repositioning has gained great importance, with a notable emphasis on the disulfiram molecule, which has demonstrated potential antimicrobial activity through various mechanisms and a reduced propensity for develop of resistance. Electrospinning is one of the techniques used in the synthesis of fibers from polymeric solutions, showing superior results in terms of structure and mechanical properties. This technique has the ability to produce nanoscale fibers with a high surface area. Fibroin is one of the most widely used natural polymers in various fields, known for its excellent mechanical and biomedical properties. This study will evaluate the synthesis of antimicrobial fibers based on silk fibroin, using the electrospinning technique and incorporating disulfiram as a bioactive molecule; evaluating their release profile, the antimicrobial properties against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and their pharmacological safety for their biomedical aplications.
Direction
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Development of nanoparticulate formulations for intra-articular administration in the treatment of osteoarthritis
Authorship
C.A.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.A.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:20
02.22.2024 11:20
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative musculoskeletal disease characterized by progressive cartilage destruction, largely atributed to an imbalance in tissue homeostasis associated with the establishment of chronic inflammation in the affected joints. This inflammatory process is primarily controlled by synovial macrophages, making these cells a potential target for preventing the progression of the pathology. The use of paracrine mediators such as cytokines may be capable of modifying the response of various cell types, especially macrophages, inducing an anti-inflammatory response in them. In this context, interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that has demonstrated the ability to induce an anti- inflammatory response in inflammatory macrophages. However, this protein has low stability in solution and a lack of vectorization towards target cells. In this study, lipid-polymeric hybrid nanoparticles were developed for intra-articular administration using variable proportions of protein and polymeric matrix through a modified nanoprecipitation method. Formulations were optimized using a model protein, and subsequently loaded with IL-4. Their physicochemical characteristics and internalization by macrophages were evaluated, resulting in optimal nanoparticles for cellular internalization and promising potential in the treatment of OA.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative musculoskeletal disease characterized by progressive cartilage destruction, largely atributed to an imbalance in tissue homeostasis associated with the establishment of chronic inflammation in the affected joints. This inflammatory process is primarily controlled by synovial macrophages, making these cells a potential target for preventing the progression of the pathology. The use of paracrine mediators such as cytokines may be capable of modifying the response of various cell types, especially macrophages, inducing an anti-inflammatory response in them. In this context, interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that has demonstrated the ability to induce an anti- inflammatory response in inflammatory macrophages. However, this protein has low stability in solution and a lack of vectorization towards target cells. In this study, lipid-polymeric hybrid nanoparticles were developed for intra-articular administration using variable proportions of protein and polymeric matrix through a modified nanoprecipitation method. Formulations were optimized using a model protein, and subsequently loaded with IL-4. Their physicochemical characteristics and internalization by macrophages were evaluated, resulting in optimal nanoparticles for cellular internalization and promising potential in the treatment of OA.
Direction
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Influence of gluten on the development of autoimmune diseases
Authorship
C.G.D.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.G.D.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:40
02.22.2024 11:40
Summary
Gluten, a protein found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye, will be main character in autoimmune diseases. In order to understand its influence, the study will start with celiac disease and its interaction at the intestinal level. The rationale is based on the complexity and diversity of its effects on the immune system, ranging from defense to self-aggression. Triggered by gluten ingestion, this disease significantly increases the risk of other conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, thyroiditis, psoriasis, or vitiligo. Although the exact relationship between gluten and these diseases is not fully understood, it is postulated that chronic inflammation and autoimmune response may have different consequences on organs and tissues. Genetic predisposition also plays a crucial role, as certain genes appear to be associated with both celiac disease and other autoimmune diseases, and are related among the diseases themselves, sharing common genes. In the field of research, efforts are being made to expand the understanding of this complex network of interactions with gluten to develop more effective treatments and prevention strategies. However, there is the possibility that the negative influence of this protein is exaggerated, and that its role may not be as harmful as perceived.
Gluten, a protein found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye, will be main character in autoimmune diseases. In order to understand its influence, the study will start with celiac disease and its interaction at the intestinal level. The rationale is based on the complexity and diversity of its effects on the immune system, ranging from defense to self-aggression. Triggered by gluten ingestion, this disease significantly increases the risk of other conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, thyroiditis, psoriasis, or vitiligo. Although the exact relationship between gluten and these diseases is not fully understood, it is postulated that chronic inflammation and autoimmune response may have different consequences on organs and tissues. Genetic predisposition also plays a crucial role, as certain genes appear to be associated with both celiac disease and other autoimmune diseases, and are related among the diseases themselves, sharing common genes. In the field of research, efforts are being made to expand the understanding of this complex network of interactions with gluten to develop more effective treatments and prevention strategies. However, there is the possibility that the negative influence of this protein is exaggerated, and that its role may not be as harmful as perceived.
Direction
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Tutorships)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Chairman)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Secretary)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Nanoparticulate systems in cosmetics, characteristics and absorption mechanisms
Authorship
M.O.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.O.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:20
02.22.2024 10:20
Summary
In recent years, technological advances in the development of nanosystems have positioned them as significant strategies in the creation of new cosmetic formulations. These nanosystems, due to their ability to penetrate the stratum corneum, high stability, and surface properties, have become popular in cosmetic products with broad applicability for the relief and management of skin conditions. This study provides an overview of the state of the art of nanosystems in cosmetics and their potential applications. The general objective of this literature review is to examine nanoparticulate systems used in cosmetics, analyzing the processes undergone by nanoparticles and micelles contained in topically administered cosmetic products and describing the various types of systems employed. To achieve this, a detailed analysis of the structure and functions of the skin was conducted, along with a review of the most common inflammatory skin conditions, including dermatitis, psoriasis, and rosacea. After evaluating the characteristics of the most promising systems, new cosmetic research trends specifically targeting the mentioned conditions were also reviewed. Finally, this literature review provides an assessment of the benefits and risks associated with the use of nanoparticles in terms of skin health, cosmetic effectiveness, and environmental impact.
In recent years, technological advances in the development of nanosystems have positioned them as significant strategies in the creation of new cosmetic formulations. These nanosystems, due to their ability to penetrate the stratum corneum, high stability, and surface properties, have become popular in cosmetic products with broad applicability for the relief and management of skin conditions. This study provides an overview of the state of the art of nanosystems in cosmetics and their potential applications. The general objective of this literature review is to examine nanoparticulate systems used in cosmetics, analyzing the processes undergone by nanoparticles and micelles contained in topically administered cosmetic products and describing the various types of systems employed. To achieve this, a detailed analysis of the structure and functions of the skin was conducted, along with a review of the most common inflammatory skin conditions, including dermatitis, psoriasis, and rosacea. After evaluating the characteristics of the most promising systems, new cosmetic research trends specifically targeting the mentioned conditions were also reviewed. Finally, this literature review provides an assessment of the benefits and risks associated with the use of nanoparticles in terms of skin health, cosmetic effectiveness, and environmental impact.
Direction
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
The role of pharmacies in the detection of atherogenic risk: a study on the implementation of the Cobas 101b system.
Authorship
J.R.D.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
J.R.D.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:40
02.22.2024 10:40
Summary
With the purpose of exploring the essential role of pharmacies in the detection of alterations in the lipid profile, this study focused on thoroughly examining the crucial role that these establishments play in the management of cardiovascular health. During the research, the contribution of the Cobas 101b system to the early identification of atherogenic risk factors in the four Galician provinces was exhaustively evaluated. These instruments enable pharmacists to play a proactive role in the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. The Cobas 101b tool emerged as key in the rapid and accurate detection of lipid fractions in blood, thus improving the ability of pharmacy professionals to offer personalized and strategic monitoring. This study, carried out through a telephone survey based on predefined parameters, revealed that approximately 50% of the sample was made up of pharmacies that offered this service to their patients. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide valuable information to the pharmacy community, highlighting how the implementation of Cobas 101b technology strengthens the role of pharmacies in the proactive management of cardiovascular health. Ultimately, the aim is to contribute to the general well-being of the population through the dissemination of knowledge that highlights the relevance of this innovation in the field of health.
With the purpose of exploring the essential role of pharmacies in the detection of alterations in the lipid profile, this study focused on thoroughly examining the crucial role that these establishments play in the management of cardiovascular health. During the research, the contribution of the Cobas 101b system to the early identification of atherogenic risk factors in the four Galician provinces was exhaustively evaluated. These instruments enable pharmacists to play a proactive role in the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. The Cobas 101b tool emerged as key in the rapid and accurate detection of lipid fractions in blood, thus improving the ability of pharmacy professionals to offer personalized and strategic monitoring. This study, carried out through a telephone survey based on predefined parameters, revealed that approximately 50% of the sample was made up of pharmacies that offered this service to their patients. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide valuable information to the pharmacy community, highlighting how the implementation of Cobas 101b technology strengthens the role of pharmacies in the proactive management of cardiovascular health. Ultimately, the aim is to contribute to the general well-being of the population through the dissemination of knowledge that highlights the relevance of this innovation in the field of health.
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Alterations associated with an excess of iron in the organism
Authorship
D.T.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
D.T.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:00
02.22.2024 11:00
Summary
Iron is an essential element for the correct functioning of the organism, thus, there are some mecanisms that regulate its concentration. Despite this, there’s a possibility that will occur an excess of it, provocating the formation of deposits that can have severe health consecuences if it’s not treated previously like liver diseases, osteoporosis or progressive osteoarthritis. The derivated alterations of iron excess are divided in 2 blocks, the ones that are caused by primary factors, most of them because of genetic mutations causing the increase of iron absorption mediated by ferroportin/hepcidin, like gen HFE ligated haemochromatosis, juvenile or adquired haemochromatosis, among others. On the other hand, there can be reached clinic cases of secondary iron overcharge caused in response of other pathology, typical in cases that the pacient receives an excess input of exogenous iron or multiple blood transfusions and in disorders that decrease the number of erythrocytes like congenit hemolytic anemias, thalassemia or myelodysplastic síndrome. These pathologies despite not being common, its important to detect and treat them prematurely because, if its treated on time, it doesn’t usually cause major health problems for the paciente but, if otherwise, its not solved early it can derivate to a severe health problem and compromises the integrity of the subject. This study will delve in the symptomatology of the main pathologies related to an excess of iron, as well as their treatment.
Iron is an essential element for the correct functioning of the organism, thus, there are some mecanisms that regulate its concentration. Despite this, there’s a possibility that will occur an excess of it, provocating the formation of deposits that can have severe health consecuences if it’s not treated previously like liver diseases, osteoporosis or progressive osteoarthritis. The derivated alterations of iron excess are divided in 2 blocks, the ones that are caused by primary factors, most of them because of genetic mutations causing the increase of iron absorption mediated by ferroportin/hepcidin, like gen HFE ligated haemochromatosis, juvenile or adquired haemochromatosis, among others. On the other hand, there can be reached clinic cases of secondary iron overcharge caused in response of other pathology, typical in cases that the pacient receives an excess input of exogenous iron or multiple blood transfusions and in disorders that decrease the number of erythrocytes like congenit hemolytic anemias, thalassemia or myelodysplastic síndrome. These pathologies despite not being common, its important to detect and treat them prematurely because, if its treated on time, it doesn’t usually cause major health problems for the paciente but, if otherwise, its not solved early it can derivate to a severe health problem and compromises the integrity of the subject. This study will delve in the symptomatology of the main pathologies related to an excess of iron, as well as their treatment.
Direction
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Tutorships)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Immunotherapy as cancer treatment
Authorship
Y.B.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Y.B.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:20
02.22.2024 11:20
Summary
Nowadays, cancer is still one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. For decades, the main treatments for cancer have consisted of three modalities, surgery, chemo and radiotherapy, and although these therapies have proven to be beneficial, the development of resistance to drugs by cancer cells have resulted in the so-called recurrence of cancer. That is the reason why it’s so important to try to develop new therapies that will allow us to eliminate these resistant tumor cells. An example of these new alternate therapies is immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that enhances our own bodies’ natural defenses to battle cancer. It uses substances produced by our own body or ones developed in a lab to improve the immune system and destroy cancer cells. In this project I will revise the situation of immunotherapy nowadays, the different types of immunotherapy known today and some of the drugs and treatments approved for use.
Nowadays, cancer is still one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. For decades, the main treatments for cancer have consisted of three modalities, surgery, chemo and radiotherapy, and although these therapies have proven to be beneficial, the development of resistance to drugs by cancer cells have resulted in the so-called recurrence of cancer. That is the reason why it’s so important to try to develop new therapies that will allow us to eliminate these resistant tumor cells. An example of these new alternate therapies is immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that enhances our own bodies’ natural defenses to battle cancer. It uses substances produced by our own body or ones developed in a lab to improve the immune system and destroy cancer cells. In this project I will revise the situation of immunotherapy nowadays, the different types of immunotherapy known today and some of the drugs and treatments approved for use.
Direction
SEÑARIS RODRIGUEZ, ROSA MARIA (Tutorships)
SEÑARIS RODRIGUEZ, ROSA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Opioids. A historical, social and therapeutics review of opium and its derivatives
Authorship
L.G.D.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.G.D.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:40
02.22.2024 11:40
Summary
This report is focused on a bibliographic review of opium and its derivatives. It exposes its historical relevance from a health and social perspective. Its chemical characteristics and the pathophysiology linked to addictive and tolerance phenomena are analyzed. Other topics associated with opiates are also analyzed, such as “the heroin crisis in Spain” or statistics associated with their consumption. Finally, the possible applications of the different opioid drugs, their possible use in therapy and the risks derived from their misuse are assessed.
This report is focused on a bibliographic review of opium and its derivatives. It exposes its historical relevance from a health and social perspective. Its chemical characteristics and the pathophysiology linked to addictive and tolerance phenomena are analyzed. Other topics associated with opiates are also analyzed, such as “the heroin crisis in Spain” or statistics associated with their consumption. Finally, the possible applications of the different opioid drugs, their possible use in therapy and the risks derived from their misuse are assessed.
Direction
Laguna Francia, Mª de los Reyes (Tutorships)
Laguna Francia, Mª de los Reyes (Tutorships)
Court
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
LLOMPART VIZOSO, MARIA PILAR (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
BUSCH , LISA KAY (Member)
Design and formulation of protamine and curcumin polymeric nanocapsules as a treatment in IBD
Authorship
E.A.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
E.A.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:00
07.22.2024 11:00
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease is a pathology of the digestive system that mainly affects the intestine. It includes both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) presenting a higher incidence in industrialized countries manifesting equally in men and women between adolescence and adulthood. This is due to an activation of the immune system that causes uncontrolled inflammation mediated by TNF-alpha. Its symptomatology is mainly abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea and weight loss, even presenting extraintestinal manifestations in the most serious cases. Currently, its treatment is mainly pharmacological and in some cases surgery is necessary. Current treatments present quite a few side effects and low remission rates due to their nature (anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive) or route of administration (biological treatments). In order to overcome these problems, we propose the characterization of a new vehicle for the oral administration of siRNA anti-TNF-alpha. To this, physicochemical characteristics such as size and surface load, colloidal stability, curcumin encapsulation efficiency, plasmid association as a siRNA model, and in vitro studies such as cell viability tests and transfection are evaluated.
Inflammatory bowel disease is a pathology of the digestive system that mainly affects the intestine. It includes both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) presenting a higher incidence in industrialized countries manifesting equally in men and women between adolescence and adulthood. This is due to an activation of the immune system that causes uncontrolled inflammation mediated by TNF-alpha. Its symptomatology is mainly abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea and weight loss, even presenting extraintestinal manifestations in the most serious cases. Currently, its treatment is mainly pharmacological and in some cases surgery is necessary. Current treatments present quite a few side effects and low remission rates due to their nature (anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive) or route of administration (biological treatments). In order to overcome these problems, we propose the characterization of a new vehicle for the oral administration of siRNA anti-TNF-alpha. To this, physicochemical characteristics such as size and surface load, colloidal stability, curcumin encapsulation efficiency, plasmid association as a siRNA model, and in vitro studies such as cell viability tests and transfection are evaluated.
Direction
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Tutorships)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Biodistribution of an anti TNF alpha in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease by using PET
Authorship
S.B.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
S.B.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:40
07.22.2024 11:40
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract which tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF alpha, funcions as a diagnostic biomarker. In this study we evaluated the biodistribution of a monoclonal anti TNF alpha antibody in a murine model of IBD by positron emission tomography, PET. This study allows us to characterize a preclinical IBD model using an anti TNF alpha as a PET imaging biomarker.
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract which tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF alpha, funcions as a diagnostic biomarker. In this study we evaluated the biodistribution of a monoclonal anti TNF alpha antibody in a murine model of IBD by positron emission tomography, PET. This study allows us to characterize a preclinical IBD model using an anti TNF alpha as a PET imaging biomarker.
Direction
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Tutorships)
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
HIV and Its treatments. A literature review
Authorship
A.D.T.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.D.T.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:00
07.22.2024 12:00
Summary
The aim of this literature review is to address a variety of different aspects related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causal agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) responsible for one of the world’s largest pandemics from the end of the last century to the present. Its morphological characteristics, its mechanism of pathogenesis, as well as its clinical and pathologies derived from the disease such as pulmonary, cardiovascular pathologies and even tumor processes will be discussed in a more summarized way. Special attention will be paid to the different treatments, both past and current, taking into account future perspectives. Classifying them according to their prevalence of use and performing, also, a comparative analysis among them mainly at the level of results.
The aim of this literature review is to address a variety of different aspects related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causal agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) responsible for one of the world’s largest pandemics from the end of the last century to the present. Its morphological characteristics, its mechanism of pathogenesis, as well as its clinical and pathologies derived from the disease such as pulmonary, cardiovascular pathologies and even tumor processes will be discussed in a more summarized way. Special attention will be paid to the different treatments, both past and current, taking into account future perspectives. Classifying them according to their prevalence of use and performing, also, a comparative analysis among them mainly at the level of results.
Direction
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Cannabis and its derivatives in neurodegenerative disorders, ¿Cause or solution?
Authorship
T.F.D.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
T.F.D.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:20
07.22.2024 12:20
Summary
Cannabinoids and their derivatives exert their effects by activating cannabinoid receptors, that belong to a system called the endogenous cannabinoid system or endocannabinoid system (ECS). This system comprises endogenous cannabinoids such as anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 (CB1R and CB2R), and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation. In the central nervous system (CNS), this system acts as a synaptic protector and a regulator of neuronal homeostasis. Several preclinical and clinical studies have described an imbalance in the components of the endocannabinoid system in animal models and patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). These studies have suggested that the ECS is involved in endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms because cannabinoid drugs have been shown to have a positive effect on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress present in these types of diseases. On the other hand, the neurotoxic effects of cannabinoids have also been described in vitro and in vivo, chronic cannabinoid use may be associated with cognitive impairments and changes in brain structure.
Cannabinoids and their derivatives exert their effects by activating cannabinoid receptors, that belong to a system called the endogenous cannabinoid system or endocannabinoid system (ECS). This system comprises endogenous cannabinoids such as anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 (CB1R and CB2R), and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation. In the central nervous system (CNS), this system acts as a synaptic protector and a regulator of neuronal homeostasis. Several preclinical and clinical studies have described an imbalance in the components of the endocannabinoid system in animal models and patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). These studies have suggested that the ECS is involved in endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms because cannabinoid drugs have been shown to have a positive effect on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress present in these types of diseases. On the other hand, the neurotoxic effects of cannabinoids have also been described in vitro and in vivo, chronic cannabinoid use may be associated with cognitive impairments and changes in brain structure.
Direction
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Tutorships)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Design and synthesis of multitarget ligands for the immunotherapy of cancer
Authorship
A.G.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.G.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:40
07.22.2024 12:40
Summary
This project describes the design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of multitarget compounds for cancer immunotherapy. The new compounds designed contain a prototypical heterocyclic scaffold and a Zinc Binding Group joined through two different linking strategies, fusing and linking, to achieve the multitarget effect. Two new series have been obtained, composed of two and four ligands synthetized by fusing and linking respectively. The pharmacological evaluation has revealed the therapeutic potential of two of them in particular: the compounds named 8a (Ki hA2B = 125.4nM, IC50 HDAC6 = 36.10 nM) and 8b (Ki hA2B = 404 nM, IC50 HDAC6 = 26.2 nM) because of their high affinity to both A2B and HDAC6.
This project describes the design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of multitarget compounds for cancer immunotherapy. The new compounds designed contain a prototypical heterocyclic scaffold and a Zinc Binding Group joined through two different linking strategies, fusing and linking, to achieve the multitarget effect. Two new series have been obtained, composed of two and four ligands synthetized by fusing and linking respectively. The pharmacological evaluation has revealed the therapeutic potential of two of them in particular: the compounds named 8a (Ki hA2B = 125.4nM, IC50 HDAC6 = 36.10 nM) and 8b (Ki hA2B = 404 nM, IC50 HDAC6 = 26.2 nM) because of their high affinity to both A2B and HDAC6.
Direction
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Ferns and horsetails in the medicinal field and the pharmaceutical industry
Authorship
L.G.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.G.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 13:00
07.22.2024 13:00
Summary
Ferns and horsetails, their relatives, are primitive plants with simple vascular tissues that were originated 420 million years ago. They are characterized by preferring damp habitats and have a cosmopolitan distribution. In this work we describe the general structure and more specifically the structure of each species and indicate the chemical composition of the species most used for their health benefits. We point out various applications such as the diuretic importance of horsetails, along with the dermatological use of Polypodium leucotomos, the anti-inflammatory use of Dryopteris filix-mas, the antimicrobial use of Adiantum capillus-veneris or the antilithiatic use of Ceterach officinarum, among many other uses depending on the species in question. In addition, we mention what species we find in Galicia and the different management and distribution within the community. In conclusion, the main objective of this work is to make these ferns and horsetails known with their relevant uses and properties in the medicinal and pharmaceutical world.
Ferns and horsetails, their relatives, are primitive plants with simple vascular tissues that were originated 420 million years ago. They are characterized by preferring damp habitats and have a cosmopolitan distribution. In this work we describe the general structure and more specifically the structure of each species and indicate the chemical composition of the species most used for their health benefits. We point out various applications such as the diuretic importance of horsetails, along with the dermatological use of Polypodium leucotomos, the anti-inflammatory use of Dryopteris filix-mas, the antimicrobial use of Adiantum capillus-veneris or the antilithiatic use of Ceterach officinarum, among many other uses depending on the species in question. In addition, we mention what species we find in Galicia and the different management and distribution within the community. In conclusion, the main objective of this work is to make these ferns and horsetails known with their relevant uses and properties in the medicinal and pharmaceutical world.
Direction
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, Mª DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, Mª DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
pesticides in the food chain
Authorship
M.M.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.M.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:20
07.22.2024 09:20
Summary
This final degree project undertakes a systematic literature review on pesticides, encompassing their classification, contamination resulting from use, regulatory frameworks, analytical methods, recent trends, and incidents related to their application. Pesticides are primarily utilised to manage pests and enhance crop yields. Nevertheless, their misuse can significantly impact both the environment and the food chain. Pesticides are characterised by their high environmental persistence, as they do not easily degrade, leading to prolonged environmental contamination. Consequently, they infiltrate soils, groundwater, and even distant regions from the original application site through atmospheric transport. The establishment of harmonised pesticide residue regulations facilitates international trade in food products. In the European Union (EU), Regulation (EC) N396/2005 of the European Parliament mandates Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) specific to each foodstuff, ensuring that safety standards are met across member states. The European Union's Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) communicates incidents through notifications, allowing for appropriate measures to be taken based on risk assessment. As a result, rigorous controls and analyses are conducted to verify food safety and protect public health, thereby preventing the occurrence of toxicological hazards within the food supply chain.
This final degree project undertakes a systematic literature review on pesticides, encompassing their classification, contamination resulting from use, regulatory frameworks, analytical methods, recent trends, and incidents related to their application. Pesticides are primarily utilised to manage pests and enhance crop yields. Nevertheless, their misuse can significantly impact both the environment and the food chain. Pesticides are characterised by their high environmental persistence, as they do not easily degrade, leading to prolonged environmental contamination. Consequently, they infiltrate soils, groundwater, and even distant regions from the original application site through atmospheric transport. The establishment of harmonised pesticide residue regulations facilitates international trade in food products. In the European Union (EU), Regulation (EC) N396/2005 of the European Parliament mandates Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) specific to each foodstuff, ensuring that safety standards are met across member states. The European Union's Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) communicates incidents through notifications, allowing for appropriate measures to be taken based on risk assessment. As a result, rigorous controls and analyses are conducted to verify food safety and protect public health, thereby preventing the occurrence of toxicological hazards within the food supply chain.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Immunotherapy against metastasic colorectal cancer MSI-H/dMMR
Authorship
I.N.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.N.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:40
07.22.2024 09:40
Summary
Colorectal cancer, the second leading cause of death worldwide, is characterized by the accumulation of genetic alterations in colon or rectal cells. These alterations affect cell repair, apoptosis, and cell adhesion, leading to tumour development. Despite the body's immune mechanisms to combat cancer cells, some tumours manage to evade immunosurveillance by activating inhibitory checkpoints. This final degree project aims to provide a general overview of the scientific advance that the appearance of immunotherapy represents, focusing on checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with high microsatellite instability cause by a deficiency in DNA mismatch repair, which represents 5% of metastatic cancers. To do this, a comparison is made of the safety and efficacy between the conventionally used treatment and the chosen immunotherapy, Keytruda, as a irst-line treatment by the European Medicines Agency in 2021. Additionally, the role of nutrition in the prognosis of the disease is evaluated when treated with immunotherapy. The present study shows the need for new phase III clinical trials to solve the refraction problems found in certain subgroups of participants and the effects of nutrition on patients undergoing this treatment.
Colorectal cancer, the second leading cause of death worldwide, is characterized by the accumulation of genetic alterations in colon or rectal cells. These alterations affect cell repair, apoptosis, and cell adhesion, leading to tumour development. Despite the body's immune mechanisms to combat cancer cells, some tumours manage to evade immunosurveillance by activating inhibitory checkpoints. This final degree project aims to provide a general overview of the scientific advance that the appearance of immunotherapy represents, focusing on checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with high microsatellite instability cause by a deficiency in DNA mismatch repair, which represents 5% of metastatic cancers. To do this, a comparison is made of the safety and efficacy between the conventionally used treatment and the chosen immunotherapy, Keytruda, as a irst-line treatment by the European Medicines Agency in 2021. Additionally, the role of nutrition in the prognosis of the disease is evaluated when treated with immunotherapy. The present study shows the need for new phase III clinical trials to solve the refraction problems found in certain subgroups of participants and the effects of nutrition on patients undergoing this treatment.
Direction
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Tutorships)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Literature review of treatments for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authorship
I.P.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.P.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:00
07.22.2024 10:00
Summary
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, with a higher prevalence in young women, characterized by manifesting itself in the form of outbreaks or exacerbations and that generally affects the connective tissue, causing various multisystem manifestations of special relevance at the skin, joint and visceral levels. Even though multiple hormonal, genetic and environmental factors have been postulated as influential in the activation of the immunopathogenic mechanisms characteristics of this pathology , its etiopathogenesis continues to be considered unknown. Its prognosis and long-term evolution are usually favourable, with the development of complications such as lupus nephritis being one of the main causes of severity. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of its symptoms and its course in periods of outbreak and remission make the diagnosis of SLE complex. The current therapeutic algorithm for the clinical approach to SLE combines conventional drugs belonging to different therapeutic groups, including NSAIDs, antimalarials, glucocorticoids and non-corticosteroid immunosuppressants, as well as recently approved biological therapies, especially relevant in cases of refractory SLE and in lupus nephritis. The active lines of research are mainly focused on two objectives: on the one hand, on the in-depth characterization of the immunopathogenic mechanisms of SLE in order to identify new therapeutic targets on which to act and, on the other hand, on the development of biological drugs that show significant results in terms of efficacy and safety by interfering with some of the pathophysiological pathways of SLE.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, with a higher prevalence in young women, characterized by manifesting itself in the form of outbreaks or exacerbations and that generally affects the connective tissue, causing various multisystem manifestations of special relevance at the skin, joint and visceral levels. Even though multiple hormonal, genetic and environmental factors have been postulated as influential in the activation of the immunopathogenic mechanisms characteristics of this pathology , its etiopathogenesis continues to be considered unknown. Its prognosis and long-term evolution are usually favourable, with the development of complications such as lupus nephritis being one of the main causes of severity. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of its symptoms and its course in periods of outbreak and remission make the diagnosis of SLE complex. The current therapeutic algorithm for the clinical approach to SLE combines conventional drugs belonging to different therapeutic groups, including NSAIDs, antimalarials, glucocorticoids and non-corticosteroid immunosuppressants, as well as recently approved biological therapies, especially relevant in cases of refractory SLE and in lupus nephritis. The active lines of research are mainly focused on two objectives: on the one hand, on the in-depth characterization of the immunopathogenic mechanisms of SLE in order to identify new therapeutic targets on which to act and, on the other hand, on the development of biological drugs that show significant results in terms of efficacy and safety by interfering with some of the pathophysiological pathways of SLE.
Direction
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Court
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
In ovo preclinical studies for the biological evaluation of biomaterials
Authorship
C.P.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.P.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:40
07.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Animal experimentation has been crucial in the understanding of biology and medicine. Nevertheless, the peak of ethical and sustainable alternatives, such as in ovo and ex ovo models for the evaluation of biomaterials, have opened a new path for investigation. The implementation of these efficient and reproducible protocols seeks to improve sustainability of research and economic accessibility, contributing to the reduction of the environmental footprint and promoting international agreements in order to reduce the use of animals in laboratories, thus becoming a promising way to advance biomedical research in a more ethical, sustainable and effective way. In this work, a detailed literature review was carried out on alternatives to animal experimentation, focusing especially on in ovo models. A comparison was made between existing alternatives, in ovo models and animal models, and their efficacy and relevance were discussed. Finally, the information was complemented with a detailed laboratory protocol for the evaluation of biomaterials in ovo models, demonstrating their effectiveness and feasibility.
Animal experimentation has been crucial in the understanding of biology and medicine. Nevertheless, the peak of ethical and sustainable alternatives, such as in ovo and ex ovo models for the evaluation of biomaterials, have opened a new path for investigation. The implementation of these efficient and reproducible protocols seeks to improve sustainability of research and economic accessibility, contributing to the reduction of the environmental footprint and promoting international agreements in order to reduce the use of animals in laboratories, thus becoming a promising way to advance biomedical research in a more ethical, sustainable and effective way. In this work, a detailed literature review was carried out on alternatives to animal experimentation, focusing especially on in ovo models. A comparison was made between existing alternatives, in ovo models and animal models, and their efficacy and relevance were discussed. Finally, the information was complemented with a detailed laboratory protocol for the evaluation of biomaterials in ovo models, demonstrating their effectiveness and feasibility.
Direction
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Fentanyl: chemistry, pharmacology and social impact.
Authorship
A.R.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.R.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:00
07.22.2024 11:00
Summary
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid derived from morphine that was discovered in 1960 by Dr. Paul A. J. Janssen. Approved by the FDA in 1968, it has since been used as an analgesic for the treatment of breakthrough pain, pain after surgery, chronic and cancer pain, and for the maintenance or induction of anaesthesia. Moreover, it is a substance whose illicit use has been increasing in recent years, especially in the United States, and the first cases of overdose are appearing in Spain. This literature review analyses the origin of fentanyl, its synthesis, mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics. In addition, its therapeutic applications and different routes of administration are discussed. Finally, its current status as a drug of abuse is discussed.
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid derived from morphine that was discovered in 1960 by Dr. Paul A. J. Janssen. Approved by the FDA in 1968, it has since been used as an analgesic for the treatment of breakthrough pain, pain after surgery, chronic and cancer pain, and for the maintenance or induction of anaesthesia. Moreover, it is a substance whose illicit use has been increasing in recent years, especially in the United States, and the first cases of overdose are appearing in Spain. This literature review analyses the origin of fentanyl, its synthesis, mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics. In addition, its therapeutic applications and different routes of administration are discussed. Finally, its current status as a drug of abuse is discussed.
Direction
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
New treatments in celiac disease
Authorship
M.V.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.V.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:40
07.22.2024 11:40
Summary
Celiac disease is an chronic enteropathy of autoimmune etiology that is triggered by the intake of foods containing gluten and symptoms occur both intestinal and extraintestinal. In addition, it has an increasing prevalence. Regarding its treatment, the only option available in the present is following a gluten free diet, which in many cases is not enough (presence in processed foods, cross contamination, ...) or represents a very significant deterioration in the patient's quality of life (price of diet and social activities (eating out, travelling, ...) making adherence to it very variable. This is why in recent years the main targets of this disease were started to be investigated thanks to the knowledge of its pathophysiology and many clinical trials were started, both with new and existing drugs, which will be reviewed below. The search for pharmacological treatments is a great challenge because of the difficulty of establishing a new therapy when there is already an existing therapeutic option such as the gluten free diet.
Celiac disease is an chronic enteropathy of autoimmune etiology that is triggered by the intake of foods containing gluten and symptoms occur both intestinal and extraintestinal. In addition, it has an increasing prevalence. Regarding its treatment, the only option available in the present is following a gluten free diet, which in many cases is not enough (presence in processed foods, cross contamination, ...) or represents a very significant deterioration in the patient's quality of life (price of diet and social activities (eating out, travelling, ...) making adherence to it very variable. This is why in recent years the main targets of this disease were started to be investigated thanks to the knowledge of its pathophysiology and many clinical trials were started, both with new and existing drugs, which will be reviewed below. The search for pharmacological treatments is a great challenge because of the difficulty of establishing a new therapy when there is already an existing therapeutic option such as the gluten free diet.
Direction
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Synthesis of oxindol derivatives, substituted in position 3, through Ugi reactions: Research of their antiproliferative activity.
Authorship
M.D.B.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.D.B.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:00
07.22.2024 12:00
Summary
Isatin derivatives have attracted much research interest due to their potential in the development of new anticancer drugs. In this work, a small library of eight isatin derivatives was prepared using a multicomponent Ugi reaction. To obtain the products in the best possible conditions, the reaction conditions had to be previously optimized considering previous studies. It is worth highlighting the use of polymeric reagents, which function as isonitrile eliminators in the work-up process of Ugi multicomponent reactions. The resulting reaction products were tested on HeLa cervical cancer cells, obtaining potent antiproliferative activity. This entire process allowed for training in the laboratory of basic laboratory techniques, in addition to learning to interpret characterizations by spectroscopy.
Isatin derivatives have attracted much research interest due to their potential in the development of new anticancer drugs. In this work, a small library of eight isatin derivatives was prepared using a multicomponent Ugi reaction. To obtain the products in the best possible conditions, the reaction conditions had to be previously optimized considering previous studies. It is worth highlighting the use of polymeric reagents, which function as isonitrile eliminators in the work-up process of Ugi multicomponent reactions. The resulting reaction products were tested on HeLa cervical cancer cells, obtaining potent antiproliferative activity. This entire process allowed for training in the laboratory of basic laboratory techniques, in addition to learning to interpret characterizations by spectroscopy.
Direction
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of Alzheimer´s Disease
Authorship
M.C.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.C.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:20
07.22.2024 12:20
Summary
Alzheimer´s Disease is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Its etiology remains complex and not entirely understood; different theories point to several elements as causes of the disease, among them, we can highlight the beta-amyloid theory. Approved treatments for this disease are few and they only achieve a delay in disease progression. Based on the study of this amyloid theory, new biologic drugs have emerged recently: aducanumab and lecanemab; which act by reducing the amyloid burden in the brain and can help in the approval of more monoclonal antibodies against the different causative elements of Alzheimer´s.
Alzheimer´s Disease is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Its etiology remains complex and not entirely understood; different theories point to several elements as causes of the disease, among them, we can highlight the beta-amyloid theory. Approved treatments for this disease are few and they only achieve a delay in disease progression. Based on the study of this amyloid theory, new biologic drugs have emerged recently: aducanumab and lecanemab; which act by reducing the amyloid burden in the brain and can help in the approval of more monoclonal antibodies against the different causative elements of Alzheimer´s.
Direction
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Synthesis of coumarin-riluzole hybrids with potential activity against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authorship
V.I.F.I.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
V.I.F.I.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:40
07.22.2024 12:40
Summary
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is one of the most important neurodegenerative diseases, affecting millions of people around the world. Genetics, environmental factors and lifestyle are involved in its appearance. It is a complex disease with no treatment available, which makes it the object of study of novel research lines. We suggest the synthesis of coumarin-riluzole hybrids that have shown favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics as well as interesting pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. In this context emerges this project, in which 9 new methylated, methoxylated and nitrated compounds derived from the 3-aryl-6-trifluoromethoxycoumarin skeleton have been synthesized, purified, characterized and their purity determine. We have proposed an optimized synthetic process using the Perkin-Oglialoro methodology, a simple and versatile reaction that allows us to obtain compounds with a high purity. Furthermore, predictions estimate that the compounds exhibit the ability to cross not only the gastrointestinal barrier but also the blood-brain barrier, making them potential candidates for further biological studies.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is one of the most important neurodegenerative diseases, affecting millions of people around the world. Genetics, environmental factors and lifestyle are involved in its appearance. It is a complex disease with no treatment available, which makes it the object of study of novel research lines. We suggest the synthesis of coumarin-riluzole hybrids that have shown favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics as well as interesting pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. In this context emerges this project, in which 9 new methylated, methoxylated and nitrated compounds derived from the 3-aryl-6-trifluoromethoxycoumarin skeleton have been synthesized, purified, characterized and their purity determine. We have proposed an optimized synthetic process using the Perkin-Oglialoro methodology, a simple and versatile reaction that allows us to obtain compounds with a high purity. Furthermore, predictions estimate that the compounds exhibit the ability to cross not only the gastrointestinal barrier but also the blood-brain barrier, making them potential candidates for further biological studies.
Direction
CORREIA PINTO CARVALHO DE MATOS, MARIA JOAO (Tutorships)
CORREIA PINTO CARVALHO DE MATOS, MARIA JOAO (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
New therapeutic targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authorship
A.G.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.G.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 13:00
07.22.2024 13:00
Summary
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 55 million people, limiting their cognitive capacity, functionality and independence. Currently, available treatments have significant limitations due to the lack of knowledge of the disease's etiology, which has led the European Medicines Agency to only approve those drugs aimed at treating the symptoms.Since there aren't disease modifying drugs available in Europe at present, this review will show the new therapeutic targets under study, evaluating the efficacy and safety of various compounds acting on these targets. Secretases are the therapeutic targets for low molecular weight drugs. Notable examples include de beta-secretase inhibitors (lanabecestat), gamma-secretase inhibitors and modulators (semagacestat and PF-06648671) and alpha-secretase activators (acitretin and APH-1105). Additionally, new therapeutic targets have been established at the level of GLP1 receptors, whit drugs like liraglutide and semaglutide. Finally, passive immunotherapy against beta amyloid plaques, with agents such as aducanumab, lecanemab and donanemab.
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 55 million people, limiting their cognitive capacity, functionality and independence. Currently, available treatments have significant limitations due to the lack of knowledge of the disease's etiology, which has led the European Medicines Agency to only approve those drugs aimed at treating the symptoms.Since there aren't disease modifying drugs available in Europe at present, this review will show the new therapeutic targets under study, evaluating the efficacy and safety of various compounds acting on these targets. Secretases are the therapeutic targets for low molecular weight drugs. Notable examples include de beta-secretase inhibitors (lanabecestat), gamma-secretase inhibitors and modulators (semagacestat and PF-06648671) and alpha-secretase activators (acitretin and APH-1105). Additionally, new therapeutic targets have been established at the level of GLP1 receptors, whit drugs like liraglutide and semaglutide. Finally, passive immunotherapy against beta amyloid plaques, with agents such as aducanumab, lecanemab and donanemab.
Direction
BREA FLORIANI, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
BREA FLORIANI, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Intestinal dysbiosis and Alzheimer´s disease
Authorship
D.G.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
D.G.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 13:20
07.22.2024 13:20
Summary
The composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota is an essential part of the correct functioning of the human body. The production of certain catecholamines, the metabolism of dietary substances and the protection of the integrity of the intestinal mucosa are just some of the functions intestinal microbiota. However, the imbalance in the symbiosis of these microbes, called dysbiosis, can cause pathological situations. Currently, Alzheimer's disease constitutes a priority socio-health problem and the search for new therapeutic strategies leads to an intense evaluation of the mechanisms through which this disease develops or worsens. Therefore, the influence of intestinal dysbiosis on Alzheimer´s disease is studied and finally, appropriate dietary-therapeutic measures are proposed.
The composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota is an essential part of the correct functioning of the human body. The production of certain catecholamines, the metabolism of dietary substances and the protection of the integrity of the intestinal mucosa are just some of the functions intestinal microbiota. However, the imbalance in the symbiosis of these microbes, called dysbiosis, can cause pathological situations. Currently, Alzheimer's disease constitutes a priority socio-health problem and the search for new therapeutic strategies leads to an intense evaluation of the mechanisms through which this disease develops or worsens. Therefore, the influence of intestinal dysbiosis on Alzheimer´s disease is studied and finally, appropriate dietary-therapeutic measures are proposed.
Direction
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Clinical trials testing efficacy and safety of treatments for Alzheimer's disease
Authorship
R.P.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
R.P.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:40
02.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, and its prevalence continues to grow because aging is the major risk factor for the development of this disease and developed countries are experiencing a marked population aging. To date, the precise cause of AD is not known, but there is consensus that its etiology is multifactorial: due to a combination of several factors (genetic, environmental, vascular lesions, age, ...). Current treatments are aimed at symptomatic therapy, although trials aimed at reducing disease progression are underway. In addition, studies on the benefits of interventional therapies for prevention and studies on non-pharmacological treatments to improve the quality of life of patients are underway.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, and its prevalence continues to grow because aging is the major risk factor for the development of this disease and developed countries are experiencing a marked population aging. To date, the precise cause of AD is not known, but there is consensus that its etiology is multifactorial: due to a combination of several factors (genetic, environmental, vascular lesions, age, ...). Current treatments are aimed at symptomatic therapy, although trials aimed at reducing disease progression are underway. In addition, studies on the benefits of interventional therapies for prevention and studies on non-pharmacological treatments to improve the quality of life of patients are underway.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Antimicrobial peptides
Authorship
V.R.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
V.R.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:00
02.22.2024 11:00
Summary
In the last century, before the discovery of the first antibiotics, scientists identified compounds with biological activity in cells of different organisms, known as antimicrobial peptides. The extensive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, creating a global health challenge. This has promoted research into therapeutic alternatives, reviving interest in antimicrobial peptides. This study conducts a literature review of the biological characteristics of antimicrobial peptides and their therapeutic potential. Search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar were used to search for articles on the subject. The work addresses the classification of these peptides according to their origin and molecular structure, providing an in-depth understanding of their antibacterial activity. Both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms of action are also explored, along with their therapeutic activity in various pathologies. The results indicate that antimicrobial peptides could be a valuable alternative, although they present challenges such as stability and high production cost. Despite these limitations, the importance of continuing research to develop safe and effective antimicrobial peptides is on the agenda, not only to address the problem of antibiotic resistance, but also as an effective and safe therapeutic alternative for numerous pathologies.
In the last century, before the discovery of the first antibiotics, scientists identified compounds with biological activity in cells of different organisms, known as antimicrobial peptides. The extensive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, creating a global health challenge. This has promoted research into therapeutic alternatives, reviving interest in antimicrobial peptides. This study conducts a literature review of the biological characteristics of antimicrobial peptides and their therapeutic potential. Search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar were used to search for articles on the subject. The work addresses the classification of these peptides according to their origin and molecular structure, providing an in-depth understanding of their antibacterial activity. Both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms of action are also explored, along with their therapeutic activity in various pathologies. The results indicate that antimicrobial peptides could be a valuable alternative, although they present challenges such as stability and high production cost. Despite these limitations, the importance of continuing research to develop safe and effective antimicrobial peptides is on the agenda, not only to address the problem of antibiotic resistance, but also as an effective and safe therapeutic alternative for numerous pathologies.
Direction
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Use of copper cofactor for osteoporosis treatment
Authorship
X.R.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
X.R.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:20
02.22.2024 11:20
Summary
Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease that affects millions of people around the world. It generates an imbalance between bone formation and resorption, altering bone mineral density and increasing the risk of fractures. At the same time, copper is one of the most important trace elements in the body, given its role as a cofactor in energy metabolism, bio-component synthesis or cell signaling cascade. The aim of this study is to establish the ion-osteoporosis relationship, thanks to copper-dependent enzymes such as lysyl oxidase and superoxide reductase. The metal role will be reflected given its nutricional contribution, establishing a relationship between copper suplementation and bone mineralization. On the other hand, the copper contribution that the ion could make to biomaterials will be investigated, bioactive glass specifically, given its antibacterial propertie and angiogenic or osteogenic growth.
Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease that affects millions of people around the world. It generates an imbalance between bone formation and resorption, altering bone mineral density and increasing the risk of fractures. At the same time, copper is one of the most important trace elements in the body, given its role as a cofactor in energy metabolism, bio-component synthesis or cell signaling cascade. The aim of this study is to establish the ion-osteoporosis relationship, thanks to copper-dependent enzymes such as lysyl oxidase and superoxide reductase. The metal role will be reflected given its nutricional contribution, establishing a relationship between copper suplementation and bone mineralization. On the other hand, the copper contribution that the ion could make to biomaterials will be investigated, bioactive glass specifically, given its antibacterial propertie and angiogenic or osteogenic growth.
Direction
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Tutorships)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Pharmaceutical care in anxiolytic consultations: a systematic review
Authorship
A.V.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.V.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:40
02.22.2024 11:40
Summary
The study of benzodiazepine consumption patterns has been going on for decades. In Spain the prevalence continues to increase despite being excessively high. Pharmaceutical care is an essential tool. Bibliographic data from the 1970s to the present were recognized and evaluated in order to obtain a generalized vision, at a global level, on the rational use of benzodiazepines and the role of the pharmacist. Since 2010, the study perspective has experienced a significant change due to the optimization of legislation and the increase in consumption in the young population. The community pharmacist plays an essential role in the control of benzodiazepines that should be preserved and expanded in the future, and the greatest pending challenge is to establish a strategy to reduce the prevalence of benzodiazepine consumption.
The study of benzodiazepine consumption patterns has been going on for decades. In Spain the prevalence continues to increase despite being excessively high. Pharmaceutical care is an essential tool. Bibliographic data from the 1970s to the present were recognized and evaluated in order to obtain a generalized vision, at a global level, on the rational use of benzodiazepines and the role of the pharmacist. Since 2010, the study perspective has experienced a significant change due to the optimization of legislation and the increase in consumption in the young population. The community pharmacist plays an essential role in the control of benzodiazepines that should be preserved and expanded in the future, and the greatest pending challenge is to establish a strategy to reduce the prevalence of benzodiazepine consumption.
Direction
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
The importance of Tc-99 as a radiopharmaceutical.
Authorship
M.P.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.P.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:40
02.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) is the most widely used radioactive isotope of technetium in nuclear medicine due to its ideal radiological characteristics and versatility in a variety of medical diagnostic procedures. Tc-99m is produced from a molybdenum-99 generator, allowing for its continuous availability and easy access in medical centers. The importance of Tc-99m lies in its ability to emit low-energy gamma radiation, facilitating precise detection and visualization of internal tissues and organs during diagnostic procedures such as scintigraphy or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). These procedures enable physicians to detect anomalies, assess organ function, and diagnose a variety of diseases, including heart diseases, cancer, bone disorders, and nervous system disorders, among others. Furthermore, Tc-99m can easily bind to a variety of pharmaceutical compounds to specifically target different tissues and organs in the body, allowing for the customization of diagnostic procedures according to each patient's needs. This ability to label with Tc-99m has led to the development of a wide range of radiopharmaceuticals for clinical applications, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and the treatment of various diseases.
Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) is the most widely used radioactive isotope of technetium in nuclear medicine due to its ideal radiological characteristics and versatility in a variety of medical diagnostic procedures. Tc-99m is produced from a molybdenum-99 generator, allowing for its continuous availability and easy access in medical centers. The importance of Tc-99m lies in its ability to emit low-energy gamma radiation, facilitating precise detection and visualization of internal tissues and organs during diagnostic procedures such as scintigraphy or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). These procedures enable physicians to detect anomalies, assess organ function, and diagnose a variety of diseases, including heart diseases, cancer, bone disorders, and nervous system disorders, among others. Furthermore, Tc-99m can easily bind to a variety of pharmaceutical compounds to specifically target different tissues and organs in the body, allowing for the customization of diagnostic procedures according to each patient's needs. This ability to label with Tc-99m has led to the development of a wide range of radiopharmaceuticals for clinical applications, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and the treatment of various diseases.
Direction
GARCIA SANTOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
GARCIA SANTOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Emerging therapies for treating primary hyperlipidemias
Authorship
M.V.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.V.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:00
02.22.2024 11:00
Summary
Hyperlipidemias consist of increased levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. So far, there are many treatments in the pharmaceutical market that are commonly used in the treatment of this pathology, but in recent years alternative treatments have been sought for primary hiperlipidemias in which lipid and lipoprotein levels were difficult to reduce. This literatura review presents new therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of primary hiperlipidemias, those in which the cause of the existence of this patology is caused by genetic factors. Its mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, contraindications and evidence found in pase III trials will be described. Emerging treatments for primary hiperlipidemias, discussed in this review, includes bempedoic acid, evinacumab, volanesorsen, inclisiran, lomitapide and mipomersen. All drugs produced a large reduction in the levels of the corresponding lipoprotein or lipoproteins.
Hyperlipidemias consist of increased levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. So far, there are many treatments in the pharmaceutical market that are commonly used in the treatment of this pathology, but in recent years alternative treatments have been sought for primary hiperlipidemias in which lipid and lipoprotein levels were difficult to reduce. This literatura review presents new therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of primary hiperlipidemias, those in which the cause of the existence of this patology is caused by genetic factors. Its mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, contraindications and evidence found in pase III trials will be described. Emerging treatments for primary hiperlipidemias, discussed in this review, includes bempedoic acid, evinacumab, volanesorsen, inclisiran, lomitapide and mipomersen. All drugs produced a large reduction in the levels of the corresponding lipoprotein or lipoproteins.
Direction
MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ, ANTON LEANDRO (Tutorships)
MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ, ANTON LEANDRO (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Current treatment and new perspectives
Authorship
L.Y.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.Y.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:20
02.22.2024 11:20
Summary
Among the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), we distinguish Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), both of which are chronic conditions characterized by alternating flare-ups and asymptomatic periods. These diseases involve inflammation in different locations of the digestive tract. Currently available treatments do not provide a definitive cure for these diseases; rather, they consist of medications aimed at managing symptoms, suppressing inflammatory activity to achieve remission, and preventing relapses and complications. In recent years, a line of research has emerged focusing on nanoparticles (NPs), which holds significant potential for the future treatment of these diseases. The goal is to optimize conventional treatment, address its limitations by achieving a localized effect, and avoid or minimize long-term adverse effects.
Among the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), we distinguish Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), both of which are chronic conditions characterized by alternating flare-ups and asymptomatic periods. These diseases involve inflammation in different locations of the digestive tract. Currently available treatments do not provide a definitive cure for these diseases; rather, they consist of medications aimed at managing symptoms, suppressing inflammatory activity to achieve remission, and preventing relapses and complications. In recent years, a line of research has emerged focusing on nanoparticles (NPs), which holds significant potential for the future treatment of these diseases. The goal is to optimize conventional treatment, address its limitations by achieving a localized effect, and avoid or minimize long-term adverse effects.
Direction
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Tutorships)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan): Therapeutic utility of the combination of an angiotensin receptor antagonist and a neprilysin inhibitor
Authorship
J.L.C.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
J.L.C.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 11:40
02.22.2024 11:40
Summary
The present work consists of a review of different aspects related to the drug LCZ 696, based on the combination of the active ingredients sacubitril and valsartan. First, the importance of this medication in current cardiovascular pharmacotherapy is described. Next, the various pathologies related to the scope of application of this drug, or those that may be in the future, are addressed. Additionally, the physiological systems on which LCZ 696 acts are reviewed, and the mechanism of action of the two active ingredients that compose it is described. A review of the evidence of the great clinical efficacy demonstrated so far by this medication in treatment of heart failure is also conducted, along with its most prominent adverse effects, establishing a comparison with other therapeutic alternatives. On the other hand, the potential clinical uses of sacubitril/valsartan for the treatment of other diseases are described. According to the literature consulted, the strongest evidence of efficacy for its unapproved use is as an antihypertensive. In conclusion, our work describes the current and future importance of sacubitril/valsartan in the treatment of cardiovascular, renal, and neurodegenerative diseases.
The present work consists of a review of different aspects related to the drug LCZ 696, based on the combination of the active ingredients sacubitril and valsartan. First, the importance of this medication in current cardiovascular pharmacotherapy is described. Next, the various pathologies related to the scope of application of this drug, or those that may be in the future, are addressed. Additionally, the physiological systems on which LCZ 696 acts are reviewed, and the mechanism of action of the two active ingredients that compose it is described. A review of the evidence of the great clinical efficacy demonstrated so far by this medication in treatment of heart failure is also conducted, along with its most prominent adverse effects, establishing a comparison with other therapeutic alternatives. On the other hand, the potential clinical uses of sacubitril/valsartan for the treatment of other diseases are described. According to the literature consulted, the strongest evidence of efficacy for its unapproved use is as an antihypertensive. In conclusion, our work describes the current and future importance of sacubitril/valsartan in the treatment of cardiovascular, renal, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Direction
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Prediction of phenotype from genotype
Authorship
I.R.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.R.S.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:20
07.22.2024 10:20
Summary
It is known that the phenotype depends on its genotype, so that valuable information about the phenotype can be obtained from it. This has two main applications: forensic analysis and diagnosis of diseases, the second is the one we will focus on in this work, to perform this diagnosis multiple genetic markers are analyzed in the patient and, using various mathematical techniques we can predict the presence of a particular disease. Genetic markers are molecules that can suffer alterations in their usual values or functions even in the initial stages of a pathology, which is why their analysis is especially important in the early diagnosis of certain diseases. For this predictive analysis there are numerous mathematical techniques but for this work we have decided to focus on the use of Bayes theorem and logistic regression as examples, these techniques are based on obtaining models from a training set and then evaluate whether it can be extrapolated to the entire population.
It is known that the phenotype depends on its genotype, so that valuable information about the phenotype can be obtained from it. This has two main applications: forensic analysis and diagnosis of diseases, the second is the one we will focus on in this work, to perform this diagnosis multiple genetic markers are analyzed in the patient and, using various mathematical techniques we can predict the presence of a particular disease. Genetic markers are molecules that can suffer alterations in their usual values or functions even in the initial stages of a pathology, which is why their analysis is especially important in the early diagnosis of certain diseases. For this predictive analysis there are numerous mathematical techniques but for this work we have decided to focus on the use of Bayes theorem and logistic regression as examples, these techniques are based on obtaining models from a training set and then evaluate whether it can be extrapolated to the entire population.
Direction
Gómez Tato, Antonio M. (Tutorships)
Gómez Tato, Antonio M. (Tutorships)
Court
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Autologous Platelet Concentrates: Types, Mechanism of Action And Applications
Authorship
C.A.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.A.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:40
07.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are a widely used therapeutic tool in the field of regenerative medicine. These concentrates, obtained from the patient's own blood, contain a high concentration of platelets and growth factors, which are involved in tissue repair and regeneration processes. The application of these concentrates aims to enhance the body's regenerative capacity, avoiding the biocompatibility issues that could arise with other non-autologous therapies. This paper will review the different types of APCs developed to date, their preparation protocols, composition, and the mechanisms of action by which they exert their therapeutic effects. Additionally, their various clinical applications will be analysed, covering diverse areas such as dentistry, sports medicine, and aesthetic medicine, among others.
Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are a widely used therapeutic tool in the field of regenerative medicine. These concentrates, obtained from the patient's own blood, contain a high concentration of platelets and growth factors, which are involved in tissue repair and regeneration processes. The application of these concentrates aims to enhance the body's regenerative capacity, avoiding the biocompatibility issues that could arise with other non-autologous therapies. This paper will review the different types of APCs developed to date, their preparation protocols, composition, and the mechanisms of action by which they exert their therapeutic effects. Additionally, their various clinical applications will be analysed, covering diverse areas such as dentistry, sports medicine, and aesthetic medicine, among others.
Direction
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Tutorships)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Court
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Microbiological Aspects of Cosmetic Products
Authorship
A.B.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.B.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:00
07.22.2024 11:00
Summary
Cosmetic products have seen increased use among the population over the past decades. These are over-the-counter products applied to the human body. Therefore, it is important to ensure their safety in order to prevent infections, dysbiosis in the microflora or other skin diseases. Legislation requires and/or recommends certain chemical and microbiological quality parameters. During production, it is important to minimize the risk of contamination of the cosmetic to avoid introducing non-safe products into the market. During use, the cosmetics will be contaminated with bacteria from the skin's microflora. The addition of preservatives and the design of the primary packaging are the main factors that prevent or reduce contamination and microbial growth experienced after opening of the product and while the cosmetic is in use. Excessive use of preservatives could alter the skin's microflora, which plays a fundamental role in maintaining skin health. These substances can also damage the skin structure, increasing the risk of infection. Therefore, the prevalence of sensitivities to preservatives must be taken into consideration.
Cosmetic products have seen increased use among the population over the past decades. These are over-the-counter products applied to the human body. Therefore, it is important to ensure their safety in order to prevent infections, dysbiosis in the microflora or other skin diseases. Legislation requires and/or recommends certain chemical and microbiological quality parameters. During production, it is important to minimize the risk of contamination of the cosmetic to avoid introducing non-safe products into the market. During use, the cosmetics will be contaminated with bacteria from the skin's microflora. The addition of preservatives and the design of the primary packaging are the main factors that prevent or reduce contamination and microbial growth experienced after opening of the product and while the cosmetic is in use. Excessive use of preservatives could alter the skin's microflora, which plays a fundamental role in maintaining skin health. These substances can also damage the skin structure, increasing the risk of infection. Therefore, the prevalence of sensitivities to preservatives must be taken into consideration.
Direction
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Tutorships)
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Tutorships)
Court
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Gut microbiota and its inplications in neural diseases.
Authorship
N.C.D.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
N.C.D.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:40
07.22.2024 11:40
Summary
The relationship between the microbiota and the central nervous system, known as the microbiota-gutbrain axis, is crucial in the developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Changes in the human microbiota are associated with the risk and progression of these diseases. The microbiota includes microorganisms that inhabit various parts of the body and perform essential functions for health, such as digestion and immunity. An imbalance in the microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can cause inflammation and contribute to chronic and neurodegenerative diseases. The gutbrain axis allows bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, influenced by neurotransmitters and hormones produced by the microbiota. This affects both digestive and mental health. Treatment with probiotics and prebiotics is key to maintaining microbiota balance, reducing inflammation, and strengthening the intestinal barrier, thereby improving neurological health and slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. These therapies complement traditional treatments and offer a new perspective on managing these diseases. In summary, maintaining a healthy balance of the gut microbiota is fundamental for brain health, and probiotics and prebiotics are a promising strategy for preventing and treating neurodegenerative disorders.
The relationship between the microbiota and the central nervous system, known as the microbiota-gutbrain axis, is crucial in the developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Changes in the human microbiota are associated with the risk and progression of these diseases. The microbiota includes microorganisms that inhabit various parts of the body and perform essential functions for health, such as digestion and immunity. An imbalance in the microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can cause inflammation and contribute to chronic and neurodegenerative diseases. The gutbrain axis allows bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, influenced by neurotransmitters and hormones produced by the microbiota. This affects both digestive and mental health. Treatment with probiotics and prebiotics is key to maintaining microbiota balance, reducing inflammation, and strengthening the intestinal barrier, thereby improving neurological health and slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. These therapies complement traditional treatments and offer a new perspective on managing these diseases. In summary, maintaining a healthy balance of the gut microbiota is fundamental for brain health, and probiotics and prebiotics are a promising strategy for preventing and treating neurodegenerative disorders.
Direction
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
Court
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Development of electrochemical and fluorometric methods for monitoring lithium carbonate using quantum dots
Authorship
D.F.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
D.F.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:00
07.22.2024 12:00
Summary
Lithium carbonate is a commonly used drug in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder, both for prophylaxis and for the treatment of depressive, manic or hypomanic episodes. Due to its narrow therapeutic index, blood tests are often necessary for dose adjustment and patient monitoring. The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate a portable and more convenient method to quantify Li+ concentration using Quantum Dots (QDs) for patients. In this study, Mn2+ doped ZnS QDs were synthesized, incorporating a surface polymer with recognition and specificity for Li+ ion detection. The resulting product was analysed using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. In addition to fluorometric measurements, electrochemical detection methods were studied, employing and comparing two methods for adhering the modified QDs to screen-printed electrodes (SPE). For this purpose, a potentiostat was used, demonstrating its speed and precision for determining Li+ concentration in aqueous solutions. The parameters for conducting these measurements with electrodes were optimized for their potential use in the serological detection of Li+ in real samples. To ensure at-home use, low-cost portable potentiostats were studied. Synthesized QDs exhibited excellent fluorescent qualities and quenching capability. Once optimized, these modified electrodes present themselves as a fast and effective method for the selective detection of Li+ ions.
Lithium carbonate is a commonly used drug in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder, both for prophylaxis and for the treatment of depressive, manic or hypomanic episodes. Due to its narrow therapeutic index, blood tests are often necessary for dose adjustment and patient monitoring. The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate a portable and more convenient method to quantify Li+ concentration using Quantum Dots (QDs) for patients. In this study, Mn2+ doped ZnS QDs were synthesized, incorporating a surface polymer with recognition and specificity for Li+ ion detection. The resulting product was analysed using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. In addition to fluorometric measurements, electrochemical detection methods were studied, employing and comparing two methods for adhering the modified QDs to screen-printed electrodes (SPE). For this purpose, a potentiostat was used, demonstrating its speed and precision for determining Li+ concentration in aqueous solutions. The parameters for conducting these measurements with electrodes were optimized for their potential use in the serological detection of Li+ in real samples. To ensure at-home use, low-cost portable potentiostats were studied. Synthesized QDs exhibited excellent fluorescent qualities and quenching capability. Once optimized, these modified electrodes present themselves as a fast and effective method for the selective detection of Li+ ions.
Direction
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
Court
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Emerging applications of N-acetylcysteine.
Authorship
A.G.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
A.G.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:20
07.22.2024 12:20
Summary
N-acetylcysteine is a drug indicated as a mucolytic in various conditions accompanied by mucus hypersecretion and as an antidote to treat liver toxicity caused by paracetamol. Other uses of the drug are due to its antioxidant action, as it neutralizes oxidizing substances and participates in the biosynthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), a substance that maintains intracelular redox balance. Therefore, this review examines the evidence of its efficacy in diseases related to oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between the body's oxidizing and antioxidant substances, favoring the former. The importance of the drug in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and depression was studied. Most of the reviewed clinical trials do not show significant results, largely due to the low participation of patients. Therefore, it is advisable to increase studies to incorporate N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of the studied pathologies.
N-acetylcysteine is a drug indicated as a mucolytic in various conditions accompanied by mucus hypersecretion and as an antidote to treat liver toxicity caused by paracetamol. Other uses of the drug are due to its antioxidant action, as it neutralizes oxidizing substances and participates in the biosynthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), a substance that maintains intracelular redox balance. Therefore, this review examines the evidence of its efficacy in diseases related to oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between the body's oxidizing and antioxidant substances, favoring the former. The importance of the drug in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and depression was studied. Most of the reviewed clinical trials do not show significant results, largely due to the low participation of patients. Therefore, it is advisable to increase studies to incorporate N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of the studied pathologies.
Direction
MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ, ANTON LEANDRO (Tutorships)
MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ, ANTON LEANDRO (Tutorships)
Court
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Lysosomal storage diseases
Authorship
S.G.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
S.G.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:40
07.22.2024 12:40
Summary
Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of undegraded substrates in response to a specific enzymatic deficit. These diseases, considered rare because of their low prevalence, present a wide variety of clinical manifestations and can be fatal without adequate treatment. The therapeutic approach focuses on both symptomatic management and replacement of the deficient enzyme, with enzyme replacement therapy as the standard treatment. Only a small group of these disorders have approved pharmacological treatments, such as Gaucher disease and Pompe disease, whose characteristics and treatment were reviewed in this work. Gaucher disease is characterized by the accumulation of a glycolipid, glucosylceramide, in lysosomes, while in Pompe disease, the accumulated substrate is glycogen. In this literature review, approved treatments for both diseases were analyzed, as well as future lines of research that seek to overcome the limitations of current therapies. The articles reviewed highlight the potential efficacy of gene therapy, chaperone therapy, and nanoparticle drug delivery in the treatment of these diseases. It is crucial to continue to investigate and deepen the pathophysiology of this heterogeneous group of diseases in order to discover new and more effective treatments and, in the near future, to offer a cure to affected patients.
Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of undegraded substrates in response to a specific enzymatic deficit. These diseases, considered rare because of their low prevalence, present a wide variety of clinical manifestations and can be fatal without adequate treatment. The therapeutic approach focuses on both symptomatic management and replacement of the deficient enzyme, with enzyme replacement therapy as the standard treatment. Only a small group of these disorders have approved pharmacological treatments, such as Gaucher disease and Pompe disease, whose characteristics and treatment were reviewed in this work. Gaucher disease is characterized by the accumulation of a glycolipid, glucosylceramide, in lysosomes, while in Pompe disease, the accumulated substrate is glycogen. In this literature review, approved treatments for both diseases were analyzed, as well as future lines of research that seek to overcome the limitations of current therapies. The articles reviewed highlight the potential efficacy of gene therapy, chaperone therapy, and nanoparticle drug delivery in the treatment of these diseases. It is crucial to continue to investigate and deepen the pathophysiology of this heterogeneous group of diseases in order to discover new and more effective treatments and, in the near future, to offer a cure to affected patients.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Quinolones: General review and issues of cheation phenomenon
Authorship
N.G.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
N.G.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 13:00
07.22.2024 13:00
Summary
Quinolones were first discovered in 1962 with the isolation of nalidixic acid, and are one of the most important groups of broad-spectrum antibiotics. This research describes their evolution, from the first representatives of the group, which although effective in treating bacterial infections had a limited spectrum of action and bioavailability, to the powerful and effective fluoroquinolones available today. Their mechanism of action is described in depth, facilitating the understanding of both their pharmacological effects as well as complex phenomena like bacterial resistance. Their clinical applications and future projections are also reviewed, and towards the end, the focus shifts to their chemical structure, detailing the importance and function of the different positions, and two syntheses of two representatives of the group are presented to bring this project closer to the reality of the pharmaceutical industry. Finally, the phenomenon of fluoroquinolone chelation and its clinical implications are reviewed, facilitating the understanding of their posology and co-administration risks
Quinolones were first discovered in 1962 with the isolation of nalidixic acid, and are one of the most important groups of broad-spectrum antibiotics. This research describes their evolution, from the first representatives of the group, which although effective in treating bacterial infections had a limited spectrum of action and bioavailability, to the powerful and effective fluoroquinolones available today. Their mechanism of action is described in depth, facilitating the understanding of both their pharmacological effects as well as complex phenomena like bacterial resistance. Their clinical applications and future projections are also reviewed, and towards the end, the focus shifts to their chemical structure, detailing the importance and function of the different positions, and two syntheses of two representatives of the group are presented to bring this project closer to the reality of the pharmaceutical industry. Finally, the phenomenon of fluoroquinolone chelation and its clinical implications are reviewed, facilitating the understanding of their posology and co-administration risks
Direction
GARCIA MERA, XERARDO XUSTO (Tutorships)
GARCIA MERA, XERARDO XUSTO (Tutorships)
Court
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Soft contact lenses as drug delivery systems
Authorship
T.P.V.
Double bachelor degree in Phamacy and Optics and Optometry
T.P.V.
Double bachelor degree in Phamacy and Optics and Optometry
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:20
02.22.2024 10:20
Summary
Although eye drops account for 90% of the ocular drug market, they suffer from several limitations, most notably low availability due to short ocular residence time. To overcome these limitations and maintain adequate therapeutic levels over a longer period of time, Drug Delivery Soft Contact Lenses (DDSCL) were proposed. A review of various studies on DDSCLs is made, especially on the main methods of drug loading in soft contact lenses, indicating their specific advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the more recent trend of smart lenses, an innovative version of DDSCLs that allow the dose of drug delivered to be adjusted according to physiological changes detected by the lenses themselves, is discussed.
Although eye drops account for 90% of the ocular drug market, they suffer from several limitations, most notably low availability due to short ocular residence time. To overcome these limitations and maintain adequate therapeutic levels over a longer period of time, Drug Delivery Soft Contact Lenses (DDSCL) were proposed. A review of various studies on DDSCLs is made, especially on the main methods of drug loading in soft contact lenses, indicating their specific advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the more recent trend of smart lenses, an innovative version of DDSCLs that allow the dose of drug delivered to be adjusted according to physiological changes detected by the lenses themselves, is discussed.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Soft contact lenses as drug delivery systems
Authorship
T.P.V.
Double bachelor degree in Phamacy and Optics and Optometry
T.P.V.
Double bachelor degree in Phamacy and Optics and Optometry
Defense date
02.08.2024 13:00
02.08.2024 13:00
Summary
This review presents Soft Contact Lenses (SCL) as drug delivery systems, proposing them as an alternative to the administration of eye drops for the treatment of eye diseases. Although eye drops account for 95% of the ocular drug market, they suffer from several limitations, most notably low permeability caused by short ocular residence time. To overcome these limitations and maintain adequate therapeutic levels over a longer period of time, Drug Delivery Soft Contact Lenses (DDSCL) were proposed. The advantages of using DDSCL over the use of eye drops are well known: they offer the possibility to customise the drug dose, the dosing is more precise, and they allow dose reduction that attenuates systemic absorption, resulting in a reduced risk of adverse side effects, among others. The attractiveness of DDSCL led to numerous research studies that developed systems with high drug-loading capacity and balanced and controlled drug release. A review of several of these studies is given, highlighting the possible variations in chemical and physical characteristics that DDSCL may have and their relevance in the treatment of various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma or diabetes. In addition, a more recent trend is presented, such as smart contact lenses, a more innovative version of DDSCL that allow the dose of drug released to be adjusted according to the physiological changes detected by the lenses themselves.
This review presents Soft Contact Lenses (SCL) as drug delivery systems, proposing them as an alternative to the administration of eye drops for the treatment of eye diseases. Although eye drops account for 95% of the ocular drug market, they suffer from several limitations, most notably low permeability caused by short ocular residence time. To overcome these limitations and maintain adequate therapeutic levels over a longer period of time, Drug Delivery Soft Contact Lenses (DDSCL) were proposed. The advantages of using DDSCL over the use of eye drops are well known: they offer the possibility to customise the drug dose, the dosing is more precise, and they allow dose reduction that attenuates systemic absorption, resulting in a reduced risk of adverse side effects, among others. The attractiveness of DDSCL led to numerous research studies that developed systems with high drug-loading capacity and balanced and controlled drug release. A review of several of these studies is given, highlighting the possible variations in chemical and physical characteristics that DDSCL may have and their relevance in the treatment of various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma or diabetes. In addition, a more recent trend is presented, such as smart contact lenses, a more innovative version of DDSCL that allow the dose of drug released to be adjusted according to the physiological changes detected by the lenses themselves.
Direction
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Tutorships)
NOYA PADIN, VERONICA (Co-tutorships)
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Tutorships)
NOYA PADIN, VERONICA (Co-tutorships)
Court
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Chairman)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
GARCIA DOMINGUEZ, GONZALO (Member)
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Chairman)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
GARCIA DOMINGUEZ, GONZALO (Member)
Disease X. What will be the next pandemic?
Authorship
N.D.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
N.D.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
02.22.2024 12:00
02.22.2024 12:00
Summary
The recognition of Disease X as a priority in public health underscores the threat posed by unknown pathogens to humanity. The complexity of this issue is evident in the vast diversity of undiscovered microorganisms, as well as their capacity to evolve and adapt, driven by factors such as population growth, uncontrolled urbanization, and climate change, posing challenges in the identification, monitoring, and prevention of future pandemics. Understanding epidemiological phenomena, such as superspreading, is essential for designing effective mitigation and containment strategies in a global environment characterized by an inequitable distribution of resources and access to healthcare. Initiatives like the World Health Organization's (WHO) R/D Blueprint and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) are crucial in accelerating vaccine development and enhancing responsiveness to unknown diseases. Furthermore, the role of pharmacists in combating Disease X is fundamental, from public education and awareness to involvement in research and the development of new treatments and vaccines. Addressing Disease X thus requires understanding the mechanisms involved in the development and spread of hypothetical pathogens with pandemic potential, implementing rapid and comprehensive measures involving advances in diagnosis and treatment, as well as prevention and control measures.
The recognition of Disease X as a priority in public health underscores the threat posed by unknown pathogens to humanity. The complexity of this issue is evident in the vast diversity of undiscovered microorganisms, as well as their capacity to evolve and adapt, driven by factors such as population growth, uncontrolled urbanization, and climate change, posing challenges in the identification, monitoring, and prevention of future pandemics. Understanding epidemiological phenomena, such as superspreading, is essential for designing effective mitigation and containment strategies in a global environment characterized by an inequitable distribution of resources and access to healthcare. Initiatives like the World Health Organization's (WHO) R/D Blueprint and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) are crucial in accelerating vaccine development and enhancing responsiveness to unknown diseases. Furthermore, the role of pharmacists in combating Disease X is fundamental, from public education and awareness to involvement in research and the development of new treatments and vaccines. Addressing Disease X thus requires understanding the mechanisms involved in the development and spread of hypothetical pathogens with pandemic potential, implementing rapid and comprehensive measures involving advances in diagnosis and treatment, as well as prevention and control measures.
Direction
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Tutorships)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
The safety of food contact materials
Authorship
P.D.L.I.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
P.D.L.I.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:20
07.22.2024 09:20
Summary
Food contact materials (FCMs) are fundamental in the production, transportation, and storage of food. They are made from materials such as plastics, paper and carboard, metal, glass, adhesives, and printing inks. These materials are essential for protecting and preventing the degradation of the food they contain, but they can also release chemical substances into the food, potentially negatively affecting consumer health and/or altering the organoleptic characteristics of food product. Given the possibility of chemical substances transferring into food, the European Union establishes general requirements for food contact materials though community regulations. These materials should not pose safety problems, modify the composition of food in an unacceptable way, or compromise its quality. The risk assessment of the chemical substances are carried out by The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This assessment must include the substance istself, the considered impurities, and the degradation and reaction products that may occur for the intended use. To identify and determine the amount of chemical substances that transfer from packacking materials to food, migration tests are conducted.
Food contact materials (FCMs) are fundamental in the production, transportation, and storage of food. They are made from materials such as plastics, paper and carboard, metal, glass, adhesives, and printing inks. These materials are essential for protecting and preventing the degradation of the food they contain, but they can also release chemical substances into the food, potentially negatively affecting consumer health and/or altering the organoleptic characteristics of food product. Given the possibility of chemical substances transferring into food, the European Union establishes general requirements for food contact materials though community regulations. These materials should not pose safety problems, modify the composition of food in an unacceptable way, or compromise its quality. The risk assessment of the chemical substances are carried out by The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This assessment must include the substance istself, the considered impurities, and the degradation and reaction products that may occur for the intended use. To identify and determine the amount of chemical substances that transfer from packacking materials to food, migration tests are conducted.
Direction
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Tutorships)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Psoriasis and its treatments today.
Authorship
N.M.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
N.M.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
09.16.2024 12:00
09.16.2024 12:00
Summary
Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory skin disease caused by the action of T lymphocytes. Immunological, genetic and environmental factors influence its appearance and cause an important impact on the patient's quality of life and emotional state. It is a fairly common disease, affecting 2- 3% of the world's population, with different grades of severity and numerous manifestations, the most common being plaque psoriasis, which appears in the form of outbreaks. The differential diagnosis and its treatment are essential, although such treatment does not cure the pathology, only reduces or eliminates the skin lesions that appear as a result of it. Due to the large number of manifestations of psoriasis, treatment is individualized for each patient. These treatments range from the use of topical drugs and phototherapy, to biological therapies with highly effective and safe drugs. In any of the treatments chosen, constant monitoring is essential for the follow-up and evaluation of the results.
Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory skin disease caused by the action of T lymphocytes. Immunological, genetic and environmental factors influence its appearance and cause an important impact on the patient's quality of life and emotional state. It is a fairly common disease, affecting 2- 3% of the world's population, with different grades of severity and numerous manifestations, the most common being plaque psoriasis, which appears in the form of outbreaks. The differential diagnosis and its treatment are essential, although such treatment does not cure the pathology, only reduces or eliminates the skin lesions that appear as a result of it. Due to the large number of manifestations of psoriasis, treatment is individualized for each patient. These treatments range from the use of topical drugs and phototherapy, to biological therapies with highly effective and safe drugs. In any of the treatments chosen, constant monitoring is essential for the follow-up and evaluation of the results.
Direction
BLANCO MENDEZ, JOSE (Tutorships)
BLANCO MENDEZ, JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
REMUÑAN LOPEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
REMUÑAN LOPEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Ticks, harmful and dangerous
Authorship
I.P.O.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.P.O.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
09.16.2024 12:20
09.16.2024 12:20
Summary
Ticks, in addition to acting as ectoparasites, play an important role as biological vectors of various pathogens, equally affecting animals and human beings. Ticks’ capacity for adaptability and expansion has been undoubtedly benefited by climate change, increasing not only their period of activity, but also their geographical distribution. This circumstance entails a significant impact on public health due to the rise in the transmission of zoonotic diseases, revealing the need of implementing effective methods of prevention and control. This dissertation aims to examine the ecological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of ticks and the diseases related to their transmission, placing a particular focus on those existent in Spain. Likewise, this study describes safety and action measures in case of a tick bite, acting as the primary line of prevention against the expansion of zoonotic diseases.
Ticks, in addition to acting as ectoparasites, play an important role as biological vectors of various pathogens, equally affecting animals and human beings. Ticks’ capacity for adaptability and expansion has been undoubtedly benefited by climate change, increasing not only their period of activity, but also their geographical distribution. This circumstance entails a significant impact on public health due to the rise in the transmission of zoonotic diseases, revealing the need of implementing effective methods of prevention and control. This dissertation aims to examine the ecological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of ticks and the diseases related to their transmission, placing a particular focus on those existent in Spain. Likewise, this study describes safety and action measures in case of a tick bite, acting as the primary line of prevention against the expansion of zoonotic diseases.
Direction
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Tutorships)
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
REMUÑAN LOPEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
REMUÑAN LOPEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Gene editing in development of CAR-T cells
Authorship
E.B.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
E.B.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
09.16.2024 12:40
09.16.2024 12:40
Summary
The CAR-T therapy represents an innovation in the development of immunotherapy by successfully directing a response towards specific targets after the genetic modification of the patient's T lymphocytes. This active immunotherapy technique, which enhances the immune system's capacity, contrasts with passive approaches to immunotherapy that use cytokines or checkpoint inhibitors and is proposed as an alternative or complement to current chemotherapy. Although its effectiveness has been particularly highlighted in hematologic cancers, achieving complete remissions in over 90% of cases, CAR-T therapy faces significant challenges such as toxicity and tumor resistance. Currently, gene editing tools have the capability to overcome these limitations. The use of novel systems like CRISPR/Cas9 in different strategies for CAR-T production improves therapy persistence, controls cytokine production to reduce toxicity, and inhibits immune checkpoint points to enhance the anti-tumor response. Although gene editing with CRISPR has opened up the possibility of developing allogeneic CAR-T cells to increase clinical applicability and explore combinations of these strategies, it is a technology that still presents limitations and specific requirements. These innovations promise to further transform cancer treatment through immunotherapy, offering new opportunities to improve clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life.
The CAR-T therapy represents an innovation in the development of immunotherapy by successfully directing a response towards specific targets after the genetic modification of the patient's T lymphocytes. This active immunotherapy technique, which enhances the immune system's capacity, contrasts with passive approaches to immunotherapy that use cytokines or checkpoint inhibitors and is proposed as an alternative or complement to current chemotherapy. Although its effectiveness has been particularly highlighted in hematologic cancers, achieving complete remissions in over 90% of cases, CAR-T therapy faces significant challenges such as toxicity and tumor resistance. Currently, gene editing tools have the capability to overcome these limitations. The use of novel systems like CRISPR/Cas9 in different strategies for CAR-T production improves therapy persistence, controls cytokine production to reduce toxicity, and inhibits immune checkpoint points to enhance the anti-tumor response. Although gene editing with CRISPR has opened up the possibility of developing allogeneic CAR-T cells to increase clinical applicability and explore combinations of these strategies, it is a technology that still presents limitations and specific requirements. These innovations promise to further transform cancer treatment through immunotherapy, offering new opportunities to improve clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life.
Direction
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Tutorships)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
REMUÑAN LOPEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Chairman)
GARRIDO GIL, PABLO (Secretary)
REMUÑAN LOPEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Effects of solar radiation on the skin
Authorship
R.L.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
R.L.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
09.16.2024 12:00
09.16.2024 12:00
Summary
Solar radiation, particularly in its ultraviolet form (UV), has a significant impact on the health of our skin, ranging from positive effects such as vitamin D synthesis, to negative effects such as the risk of skin cancer. The sun has always been present in human life, but the evolution of our thinking and perception of sun exposure has changed over the centuries. Actually, sun exposure is seen as synonymous with a good life, and being tanned is associated with beauty. But sun exposure, apart from having beneficial effects such as the synthesis of vitamin D, can also have very harmful effects on our health if we do not use preventive measures or if we do ir incorrectly. Among these negative effects are photoaging or the development of cancers, which, although some are not usually fatal, others can be. The sun emits a series of radiations, the most important of wich are ultraviolet A (UVA) and B (UVB), as these are the ones that mainly reach the earth’s surface. UVA is responsible for photoageing, the appearance of wrinkles and loss of elasticity. UVB, on the other hand, causes skin burns and direct damage to the DNA of cells, which can lead to mutations and, in the worst cases, the development of cancer.
Solar radiation, particularly in its ultraviolet form (UV), has a significant impact on the health of our skin, ranging from positive effects such as vitamin D synthesis, to negative effects such as the risk of skin cancer. The sun has always been present in human life, but the evolution of our thinking and perception of sun exposure has changed over the centuries. Actually, sun exposure is seen as synonymous with a good life, and being tanned is associated with beauty. But sun exposure, apart from having beneficial effects such as the synthesis of vitamin D, can also have very harmful effects on our health if we do not use preventive measures or if we do ir incorrectly. Among these negative effects are photoaging or the development of cancers, which, although some are not usually fatal, others can be. The sun emits a series of radiations, the most important of wich are ultraviolet A (UVA) and B (UVB), as these are the ones that mainly reach the earth’s surface. UVA is responsible for photoageing, the appearance of wrinkles and loss of elasticity. UVB, on the other hand, causes skin burns and direct damage to the DNA of cells, which can lead to mutations and, in the worst cases, the development of cancer.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Multiple sclerosis: therapeutic approach and social knowledge
Authorship
J.N.G.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
J.N.G.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
09.16.2024 12:20
09.16.2024 12:20
Summary
This report is structured in two parts. The first part consists of an exhaustive literature review on Multiple Sclerosis, addressing in detail the etiology of the disease and the different types currently recognized. In addition, key aspects such as detection, symptoms and clinical signs, as well as treatment options, both pharmacological and non pharmacological, are explored, and the epidemiology of the pathology in Spain is analyzed. The second part focuses on a study on the degree of knowledge that the population has about multiple sclerosis. It also proposes how to improve the quality of life of patients and their families, and optimize the care provided by community pharmacies, based on the results obtained from a survey. This report could be used as a guide for community pharmacies and health centers.
This report is structured in two parts. The first part consists of an exhaustive literature review on Multiple Sclerosis, addressing in detail the etiology of the disease and the different types currently recognized. In addition, key aspects such as detection, symptoms and clinical signs, as well as treatment options, both pharmacological and non pharmacological, are explored, and the epidemiology of the pathology in Spain is analyzed. The second part focuses on a study on the degree of knowledge that the population has about multiple sclerosis. It also proposes how to improve the quality of life of patients and their families, and optimize the care provided by community pharmacies, based on the results obtained from a survey. This report could be used as a guide for community pharmacies and health centers.
Direction
Laguna Francia, Mª de los Reyes (Tutorships)
Laguna Francia, Mª de los Reyes (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Bioactive compounds from agroindustrial waste for the formulation of functional food and nutraceutics.
Authorship
E.R.O.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
E.R.O.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
09.16.2024 12:40
09.16.2024 12:40
Summary
In recent years, the potential of agro-industrial waste as a source of bioactive compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industries has been highlighted. A review of scientific articles was conducted on the presence of phenolic compounds and carotenoids in these wastes, and the most innovative methodologies for their extraction, purification, and stabilization were evaluated. Additionally, the applications of these compounds in the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals were analyzed, which can offer additional health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The reviewed studies indicate that the intake of these compounds may have positive effects on the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. In conclusion, this work emphasizes the importance of utilizing agro-industrial waste as a sustainable source of bioactive ingredients with promising applications in various industries.
In recent years, the potential of agro-industrial waste as a source of bioactive compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industries has been highlighted. A review of scientific articles was conducted on the presence of phenolic compounds and carotenoids in these wastes, and the most innovative methodologies for their extraction, purification, and stabilization were evaluated. Additionally, the applications of these compounds in the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals were analyzed, which can offer additional health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The reviewed studies indicate that the intake of these compounds may have positive effects on the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. In conclusion, this work emphasizes the importance of utilizing agro-industrial waste as a sustainable source of bioactive ingredients with promising applications in various industries.
Direction
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ VAZQUEZ, MIGUEL (Secretary)
Rumbo Gómez, Antonio (Member)
Strategies to improve intranasal delivery for the treatment of CNS disease
Authorship
I.L.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.L.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:20
07.22.2024 09:20
Summary
Given the notable increase in the incidence of neurological diseases worldwide, and specifically in Spain, there is a growing need to develop new strategies for the effective management of these conditions. Considering the existing difficulties in delivering drugs to the brain, the nasal route emerges as a solution that allows bypassing these barriers and directly accessing the CNS. In this context, the present TFG aims to critically present the latest advances in nanoparticle formulations intended for intranasal administration as an innovative route to improve patient efficacy and quality of life. The fundamentals of this administration route will be reviewed in detail, including nasal anatomy, transport mechanisms, and the main limitations of the route. Different types of nanoparticles and their application in the treatment of neurological diseases will be examined. Finally, examples of specific drug formulations that have shown relevance in clinical or preclinical studies will be analyzed.
Given the notable increase in the incidence of neurological diseases worldwide, and specifically in Spain, there is a growing need to develop new strategies for the effective management of these conditions. Considering the existing difficulties in delivering drugs to the brain, the nasal route emerges as a solution that allows bypassing these barriers and directly accessing the CNS. In this context, the present TFG aims to critically present the latest advances in nanoparticle formulations intended for intranasal administration as an innovative route to improve patient efficacy and quality of life. The fundamentals of this administration route will be reviewed in detail, including nasal anatomy, transport mechanisms, and the main limitations of the route. Different types of nanoparticles and their application in the treatment of neurological diseases will be examined. Finally, examples of specific drug formulations that have shown relevance in clinical or preclinical studies will be analyzed.
Direction
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Non-clinical factors determining the prescription of antibiotics in pediatrics: A systematic review
Authorship
S.M.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
S.M.P.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:40
07.22.2024 09:40
Summary
The inappropriate prescription of antibiotics in pediatrics is a critical issue contributing to the rise of bacterial resistance and posing significant risks to children's health. This study focuses on identifying the non-clinical factors that determine prescription practices, such as the attitudes of physicians and external factors that may be related to these practices. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, where out of 7,023 studies reviewed, 28 met the inclusion criteria. Despite the heterogeneity among the included articles, the results suggest that socio-demographic characteristics of physicians may not exert a strong influence; instead, numerous prescription-related attitudes were identified. The study also explores extrinsic factors affecting professionals, such as those related to patients and the healthcare system, revealing substantial variability without reaching a unified conclusion.
The inappropriate prescription of antibiotics in pediatrics is a critical issue contributing to the rise of bacterial resistance and posing significant risks to children's health. This study focuses on identifying the non-clinical factors that determine prescription practices, such as the attitudes of physicians and external factors that may be related to these practices. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, where out of 7,023 studies reviewed, 28 met the inclusion criteria. Despite the heterogeneity among the included articles, the results suggest that socio-demographic characteristics of physicians may not exert a strong influence; instead, numerous prescription-related attitudes were identified. The study also explores extrinsic factors affecting professionals, such as those related to patients and the healthcare system, revealing substantial variability without reaching a unified conclusion.
Direction
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Opioid Analgesics, Advantages and Disadvantages in Pain Management
Authorship
C.P.O.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.P.O.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:00
07.22.2024 10:00
Summary
This literature review addresses the use of opioids in pain management, analysing their benefits and risks. Opioid analgesics are highly potent drugs used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, capable of providing significant relief when other analgesics are insufficient. Additionally, the availability of multiple formulations allows for the customization of treatment according to patient needs, and extended-release formulations offer continuous pain control. However, the use of opioids also presents several significant drawbacks, including respiratory depression, gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting, and constipation), sedation and confusion. The development of tolerance and dependence is an inherent risk in the use of these drugs, such that abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms. The potential for opioid abuse and addiction has led to a public health crisis, affecting not only the United States but also multiple countries experiencing increased cases of overdose and intoxication. Consequently, more control and prevention measures are being implemented to optimize pain management and reduce the risks associated with these drugs.
This literature review addresses the use of opioids in pain management, analysing their benefits and risks. Opioid analgesics are highly potent drugs used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, capable of providing significant relief when other analgesics are insufficient. Additionally, the availability of multiple formulations allows for the customization of treatment according to patient needs, and extended-release formulations offer continuous pain control. However, the use of opioids also presents several significant drawbacks, including respiratory depression, gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting, and constipation), sedation and confusion. The development of tolerance and dependence is an inherent risk in the use of these drugs, such that abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms. The potential for opioid abuse and addiction has led to a public health crisis, affecting not only the United States but also multiple countries experiencing increased cases of overdose and intoxication. Consequently, more control and prevention measures are being implemented to optimize pain management and reduce the risks associated with these drugs.
Direction
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Tutorships)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Emerging and reemerging viral diseases
Authorship
M.R.T.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
M.R.T.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:20
07.22.2024 10:20
Summary
In this study, the concept and everything it implies of an emerging or re-emerging viral disease is analyzed, may be highlighted as a factor associated with the emergency or re-emergence of the international movement of people, climate change and disruption that this causes in the vector patterns. In addition, the different existing vaccination strategies will also be analyzed, highlighting the versatility provided by new types of vaccines to address those diseases that are preventable. As examples of emerging diseases, strategies will be investigated and evaluated current prevention and control for HIV and hepatitis B. However, for the analysis of the re-emerging diseases, measles will be used as an example. This analysis tells us will lead to the approach of this type of diseases, taking into account the review of the treatment options and the implications they have for public health.
In this study, the concept and everything it implies of an emerging or re-emerging viral disease is analyzed, may be highlighted as a factor associated with the emergency or re-emergence of the international movement of people, climate change and disruption that this causes in the vector patterns. In addition, the different existing vaccination strategies will also be analyzed, highlighting the versatility provided by new types of vaccines to address those diseases that are preventable. As examples of emerging diseases, strategies will be investigated and evaluated current prevention and control for HIV and hepatitis B. However, for the analysis of the re-emerging diseases, measles will be used as an example. This analysis tells us will lead to the approach of this type of diseases, taking into account the review of the treatment options and the implications they have for public health.
Direction
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Syphilis: current epidemiology, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
Authorship
L.S.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.S.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:40
07.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Syphilis, also known as lues, is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum that is sexually transmitted, vertically during pregnancy or with direct contact with open wounds. There are several hypotheses about its origin, the Columbian and Pre-Columbian theory, and there is controversy between them. Its incidence has been on the rise in recent years, particularly among men who have relationships with men. If left untreated, the infection will progress through the different phases, leading to irreversible neurological and cardiovascular complications. We can classify it into late syphilis, which includes tertiary and latent syphilis of more than one year (the patient is not contagious) and early syphilis (infectious), which includes primary, secondary and latent syphilis of less than one year. Diagnosis and treatment are complicated due to the various clinical manifestations and the difficulty in interpreting tests, especially serological tests; the treatment is based on the administration of penicillin or doxycycline in cases of allergy. Regarding the effectiveness of azithromycin, resistance and therapeutic failures were found. Once patients are diagnosed and treated, follow-up should be conducted to assess their response to treatment and assess for possible reinfections. It is important to carry out prevention strategies to avoid this infection, where primarily to abstain from unprotected sex, as well as to prioritize sex education for the population.
Syphilis, also known as lues, is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum that is sexually transmitted, vertically during pregnancy or with direct contact with open wounds. There are several hypotheses about its origin, the Columbian and Pre-Columbian theory, and there is controversy between them. Its incidence has been on the rise in recent years, particularly among men who have relationships with men. If left untreated, the infection will progress through the different phases, leading to irreversible neurological and cardiovascular complications. We can classify it into late syphilis, which includes tertiary and latent syphilis of more than one year (the patient is not contagious) and early syphilis (infectious), which includes primary, secondary and latent syphilis of less than one year. Diagnosis and treatment are complicated due to the various clinical manifestations and the difficulty in interpreting tests, especially serological tests; the treatment is based on the administration of penicillin or doxycycline in cases of allergy. Regarding the effectiveness of azithromycin, resistance and therapeutic failures were found. Once patients are diagnosed and treated, follow-up should be conducted to assess their response to treatment and assess for possible reinfections. It is important to carry out prevention strategies to avoid this infection, where primarily to abstain from unprotected sex, as well as to prioritize sex education for the population.
Direction
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Synthesis and systematic study of an injectable hydrogel’s stability for ocular administration: a novel therapeutic approach for age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Authorship
I.A.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.A.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:00
07.22.2024 11:00
Summary
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of blindness worldwide, affecting almost 200 million people. Current treatments include monthly intravitreal injections, which result in bad patient compliance and irreversible complications such as fibrosis of the ocular tissue. Hydrogels as drug delivery systems for treating ophthalmologic diseases have been in the spotlight. This is due to its biocompatibility and its capacity of delivering proteins to the posterior segments of the eye. In this work, we synthesized a hydrogel made of modified hyaluronic acid following Schiff’s base chemistry for its ocular administration. Hyaluronic acid was oxidized into hyaluronic acid dialdehyde (HA-ALD) and, in the other hand, adipic acid dihydrazide was added in order to obtain hyaluronic acid-hydrazide (HA-ADH). Both polymers were chemically cross-linked and the hydrogel was formed. The characterization of the polymers confirmed the success of the synthesis. The hydrogel showed great stability in different media, remaining undegraded in PBS for more than 130 days and in DMEM for nearly a month. Experiments with safranin dye proved that it could be used to facilitate visualizing the gel in future experiments ex vivo. Taking all this into consideration, hydrogels can set a promising future as biomaterials for the ocular administration of treatments for chronic diseases such as AMD.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of blindness worldwide, affecting almost 200 million people. Current treatments include monthly intravitreal injections, which result in bad patient compliance and irreversible complications such as fibrosis of the ocular tissue. Hydrogels as drug delivery systems for treating ophthalmologic diseases have been in the spotlight. This is due to its biocompatibility and its capacity of delivering proteins to the posterior segments of the eye. In this work, we synthesized a hydrogel made of modified hyaluronic acid following Schiff’s base chemistry for its ocular administration. Hyaluronic acid was oxidized into hyaluronic acid dialdehyde (HA-ALD) and, in the other hand, adipic acid dihydrazide was added in order to obtain hyaluronic acid-hydrazide (HA-ADH). Both polymers were chemically cross-linked and the hydrogel was formed. The characterization of the polymers confirmed the success of the synthesis. The hydrogel showed great stability in different media, remaining undegraded in PBS for more than 130 days and in DMEM for nearly a month. Experiments with safranin dye proved that it could be used to facilitate visualizing the gel in future experiments ex vivo. Taking all this into consideration, hydrogels can set a promising future as biomaterials for the ocular administration of treatments for chronic diseases such as AMD.
Direction
ABBADESSA , ANNA (Tutorships)
ABBADESSA , ANNA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Taxonomic Characteristic of Edwardsiella spp.
Authorship
S.M.B.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
S.M.B.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:40
07.22.2024 11:40
Summary
The genus Edwardsiella, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, is composed of Gram-negative bacteria, including bacteria with great relevance as fish pathogens, causing high economic losses in the global fish farming industry. In this work, a literature review of the main methods used for the taxonomic characterization of bacteria belonging to the genus Edwardsiella was carried out, including phenotypic (morphological, physiological and biochemical tests), genotypic (PCR) and proteomic (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry) methods. These approaches allow differentiation between species and strains within the genus Edwardsiella, highlighting the importance of combining all three approaches for a complete and accurate bacterial taxonomy. Together, these methods provide a comprehensive and accurate characterisation of the genus Edwardsiella, crucial for its correct identification in clinical and research settings.
The genus Edwardsiella, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, is composed of Gram-negative bacteria, including bacteria with great relevance as fish pathogens, causing high economic losses in the global fish farming industry. In this work, a literature review of the main methods used for the taxonomic characterization of bacteria belonging to the genus Edwardsiella was carried out, including phenotypic (morphological, physiological and biochemical tests), genotypic (PCR) and proteomic (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry) methods. These approaches allow differentiation between species and strains within the genus Edwardsiella, highlighting the importance of combining all three approaches for a complete and accurate bacterial taxonomy. Together, these methods provide a comprehensive and accurate characterisation of the genus Edwardsiella, crucial for its correct identification in clinical and research settings.
Direction
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Zika virus
Authorship
L.D.G.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.D.G.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:00
07.22.2024 12:00
Summary
Zika virus is a single-stranded RNA flavivirus transmitted mainly by the bite of mosquito of the genues Aedes. This virus can cause Zika disease, which manifests mainly with maculopapular rash and fever. In addition, it is associated with neurological problems in newborns, which highlights its significant medical consequences, especially for pregnant women and their children. The absence of specific treatments to combat the virus highlights the urgency of research to understand its mechanisms of action and development.
Zika virus is a single-stranded RNA flavivirus transmitted mainly by the bite of mosquito of the genues Aedes. This virus can cause Zika disease, which manifests mainly with maculopapular rash and fever. In addition, it is associated with neurological problems in newborns, which highlights its significant medical consequences, especially for pregnant women and their children. The absence of specific treatments to combat the virus highlights the urgency of research to understand its mechanisms of action and development.
Direction
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Tutorships)
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Review of Treatments and Advances.
Authorship
S.P.G.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
S.P.G.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
09.16.2024 12:20
09.16.2024 12:20
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It arises from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors not fully defined. Inflammation persists due to an abnormal immune response to intestinal microbiota and dietary antigens, with inadequate regulation of inflammatory pathways. Current treatments focus on reducing inflammation by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines and modulating the immune system.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It arises from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors not fully defined. Inflammation persists due to an abnormal immune response to intestinal microbiota and dietary antigens, with inadequate regulation of inflammatory pathways. Current treatments focus on reducing inflammation by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines and modulating the immune system.
Direction
BLANCO MENDEZ, JOSE (Tutorships)
BLANCO MENDEZ, JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, BARBARA (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, BARBARA (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Syphilis: current epidemiology, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
Authorship
L.S.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.S.B.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
09.16.2024 12:40
09.16.2024 12:40
Summary
Shyphilis, also known as lues, is caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete. The bacterium is transmitted by sexual exposure, vertically during pregnancy or by direct contact with open wounds. There are several hypotheses about its origin, the Columbian and Pre-Columbian theory, and there is controversy between the two. Its incidence has increased in recent years, particularly among men who have sex with men. If left untreated, the infection will progress in the different phases, leading to irreversible neurological and cardiovascular complications. We can classify it into late syphilis, which includes tertiary and latent syphilis of more than one year (in which the patient is not contagious) and early syphilis (considered infectious), which includes primary, secondary and latent syphilis of less than a year. Diagnosis and treatment are complicated due to the various clinical manifestations it presents and its difficulty in interpreting tests, especially serological tests; treatment is mainly based on the administration of penicillin, however in cases of allergy it will be doxycycline. Regarding the effectiveness of azithromycin, there are resistance and therapeutic failures. Once patients are diagnosed and treated, follow-up should be carried out to assess their response to treatment and possible reinfections. It is important to carry out prevention strategies to avoid this infection, where abstaining from unprotected sex stands out, as well as prioritizing sexual education for the population.
Shyphilis, also known as lues, is caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete. The bacterium is transmitted by sexual exposure, vertically during pregnancy or by direct contact with open wounds. There are several hypotheses about its origin, the Columbian and Pre-Columbian theory, and there is controversy between the two. Its incidence has increased in recent years, particularly among men who have sex with men. If left untreated, the infection will progress in the different phases, leading to irreversible neurological and cardiovascular complications. We can classify it into late syphilis, which includes tertiary and latent syphilis of more than one year (in which the patient is not contagious) and early syphilis (considered infectious), which includes primary, secondary and latent syphilis of less than a year. Diagnosis and treatment are complicated due to the various clinical manifestations it presents and its difficulty in interpreting tests, especially serological tests; treatment is mainly based on the administration of penicillin, however in cases of allergy it will be doxycycline. Regarding the effectiveness of azithromycin, there are resistance and therapeutic failures. Once patients are diagnosed and treated, follow-up should be carried out to assess their response to treatment and possible reinfections. It is important to carry out prevention strategies to avoid this infection, where abstaining from unprotected sex stands out, as well as prioritizing sexual education for the population.
Direction
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, BARBARA (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, BARBARA (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Celiac disease
Authorship
J.M.T.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
J.M.T.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
09.16.2024 12:00
09.16.2024 12:00
Summary
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune condition that appears in individuals with a genetic predisposition and currently has a prevalence of around 1%. It presents with digestive symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal distension, but extraintestinal symptoms like osteoporosis or dermatological problems may also happen. It is triggered by the ingestion of gluten, as gluten contains peptides that provoke an immune response in the body, leading to intestinal mucosal damage such as villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and lymphocyte proliferation. This disease does not have varying levels of severity; instead, it is classified based on its form of development, namely: latent form, refractory form, classic or typical form, non-classic or atypical form, and silent form. Each form presents differently as they vary in the presence or absence of lesions, symptoms, or antibodies. The diagnosis of celiac disease should be conducted through two tests. On one hand, a serological test, which evaluates the presence of Anti-IgA antigliadin antibodies (AGA), anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG), and IgA anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA). On the other hand, a duodenal biopsy is performed to observe crypt lesions and villous atrophy. The only and most effective treatment for this disease is to follow a gluten-free diet (GFD) to reverse the lesions and improve symptoms.
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune condition that appears in individuals with a genetic predisposition and currently has a prevalence of around 1%. It presents with digestive symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal distension, but extraintestinal symptoms like osteoporosis or dermatological problems may also happen. It is triggered by the ingestion of gluten, as gluten contains peptides that provoke an immune response in the body, leading to intestinal mucosal damage such as villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and lymphocyte proliferation. This disease does not have varying levels of severity; instead, it is classified based on its form of development, namely: latent form, refractory form, classic or typical form, non-classic or atypical form, and silent form. Each form presents differently as they vary in the presence or absence of lesions, symptoms, or antibodies. The diagnosis of celiac disease should be conducted through two tests. On one hand, a serological test, which evaluates the presence of Anti-IgA antigliadin antibodies (AGA), anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG), and IgA anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA). On the other hand, a duodenal biopsy is performed to observe crypt lesions and villous atrophy. The only and most effective treatment for this disease is to follow a gluten-free diet (GFD) to reverse the lesions and improve symptoms.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, BARBARA (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, BARBARA (Secretary)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis and biomedical applications.
Authorship
C.A.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.A.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:00
07.22.2024 11:00
Summary
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as one of the most promising nanomaterials in the biomedical field due to their unique physicochemical properties, which make them stand out among other metallic nanoparticles. There are several synthetic pathways that allow the relatively easy production of AuNPs with control over their final shape and size, variables that will directly influence their function. Subsequently, they undergo a stabilization and functionalization process in which, through surface modification, useful nanocomposites with more specific roles and properties are achieved. Finally, their characterization is carried out by combining different techniques that confirm their composition and functionalization, as well as determine their morphological and optical characteristics. Among their possible applications are drug delivery, their use as antimicrobial agents, agents in cancer therapy and diagnosis, or as biosensors, among others. However, they need to be thoroughly researched to solve the various issues that currently prevent their clinical use. Their applications would not only mean new treatment and diagnosis alternatives but also improvements in existing techniques, as well as the prevention of various pathologies. In short, considering the extensive information available, a small part of which was reviewed in this assignment, it is expected that gold nanoparticles will provide solutions to both new and existing health problems and, in the near future, play an important role in this field.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as one of the most promising nanomaterials in the biomedical field due to their unique physicochemical properties, which make them stand out among other metallic nanoparticles. There are several synthetic pathways that allow the relatively easy production of AuNPs with control over their final shape and size, variables that will directly influence their function. Subsequently, they undergo a stabilization and functionalization process in which, through surface modification, useful nanocomposites with more specific roles and properties are achieved. Finally, their characterization is carried out by combining different techniques that confirm their composition and functionalization, as well as determine their morphological and optical characteristics. Among their possible applications are drug delivery, their use as antimicrobial agents, agents in cancer therapy and diagnosis, or as biosensors, among others. However, they need to be thoroughly researched to solve the various issues that currently prevent their clinical use. Their applications would not only mean new treatment and diagnosis alternatives but also improvements in existing techniques, as well as the prevention of various pathologies. In short, considering the extensive information available, a small part of which was reviewed in this assignment, it is expected that gold nanoparticles will provide solutions to both new and existing health problems and, in the near future, play an important role in this field.
Direction
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Tutorships)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Functional response in an experimental flow model of vascular endothelial cells to inflammatory stimuli in the presence or not of cardiovascular drugs
Authorship
N.B.Q.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
N.B.Q.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 11:40
07.22.2024 11:40
Summary
The vascular endothelium is an anatomical structure composed of a layer of cells that lines the interior of blood vessels and plays a decisive role in cardiovascular health. It regulates blood pressure by releasing vasodilator substances, such as nitric oxide, and vasoconstrictor substances such as human endothelin 1. In arterial hypertension, endothelial dysfunction caused by reduced nitric oxide and increased human endothelin 1 leads to blood vessel contraction and increased blood pressure. This alteration increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. This study analyzes how hypertension drugs, enalapril and metoprolol, in patients with cardiovascular treatment affect endothelial function and the release of molecules such as human endothelin 1, tissue plasminogen activator and its own inhibitor under proinflammatory conditions derived from acute pathologies, such as infections.
The vascular endothelium is an anatomical structure composed of a layer of cells that lines the interior of blood vessels and plays a decisive role in cardiovascular health. It regulates blood pressure by releasing vasodilator substances, such as nitric oxide, and vasoconstrictor substances such as human endothelin 1. In arterial hypertension, endothelial dysfunction caused by reduced nitric oxide and increased human endothelin 1 leads to blood vessel contraction and increased blood pressure. This alteration increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. This study analyzes how hypertension drugs, enalapril and metoprolol, in patients with cardiovascular treatment affect endothelial function and the release of molecules such as human endothelin 1, tissue plasminogen activator and its own inhibitor under proinflammatory conditions derived from acute pathologies, such as infections.
Direction
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
New approaches to drug delivery in ischemic stroke
Authorship
L.C.Q.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
L.C.Q.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:00
07.22.2024 12:00
Summary
Stroke has been the second leading cause of death worldwide since 2019 and on an upward trend in the number of cases per year, as well as posing a challenge for reintegration into society. Ischemic stroke is the most commonly expressed type, characterized by the formation of a clot and subsequent aggravation by ischemia/reperfusion. The most widespread current treatment is intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) associated with mechanical thrombectomy. The small therapeutic window and the risk of bleeding due to its thrombolytic action drive the search for new, more effective therapeutic agents, however, the difficulties related to its bioavailability and the obstacle posed by the blood-brain barrier have delayed the translation to clinical trials and the approval of new alternatives, with rtPA currently being the only one approved. As a solution, drug delivery strategies are emerging to overcome these limitations, one of them being the use of nanocarriers, an option capable of facilitating and enhancing the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of the pharmacological substances they transport.
Stroke has been the second leading cause of death worldwide since 2019 and on an upward trend in the number of cases per year, as well as posing a challenge for reintegration into society. Ischemic stroke is the most commonly expressed type, characterized by the formation of a clot and subsequent aggravation by ischemia/reperfusion. The most widespread current treatment is intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) associated with mechanical thrombectomy. The small therapeutic window and the risk of bleeding due to its thrombolytic action drive the search for new, more effective therapeutic agents, however, the difficulties related to its bioavailability and the obstacle posed by the blood-brain barrier have delayed the translation to clinical trials and the approval of new alternatives, with rtPA currently being the only one approved. As a solution, drug delivery strategies are emerging to overcome these limitations, one of them being the use of nanocarriers, an option capable of facilitating and enhancing the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of the pharmacological substances they transport.
Direction
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Functional analysis of the aetiological hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease
Authorship
I.F.G.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.F.G.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:20
07.22.2024 12:20
Summary
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive functions. As the aetiology of the disease remains partly unknown, its treatment and prevention are a major research challenge. In recent years, research into new disease course-modifying drugs has been mainly focused on two hypotheses: the amyloid hypothesis and the tau hypothesis. These are based on the presence of two of the main features of AD: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles formed by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, respectively. Other more recent theories address new aspects of AD, such as neuroinflammation or its relationship with diabetes. Despite numerous hypotheses attempting to elucidate the aetiology of AD, virtually no effective treatment has been developed. This suggests that there may be problems related to drug efficacy or underlying hypotheses. Therefore, this paper will analyse different drugs that have been investigated on the basis of the hypotheses discussed above. The possible reasons behind these failures have been studied and alternatives to solve them have been suggested. In addition, the existence of new strategies, such as combination therapy, which has not been tested yet, is taken into account. For all these reasons, it has been considered that the hypotheses should not be abandoned yet.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive functions. As the aetiology of the disease remains partly unknown, its treatment and prevention are a major research challenge. In recent years, research into new disease course-modifying drugs has been mainly focused on two hypotheses: the amyloid hypothesis and the tau hypothesis. These are based on the presence of two of the main features of AD: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles formed by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, respectively. Other more recent theories address new aspects of AD, such as neuroinflammation or its relationship with diabetes. Despite numerous hypotheses attempting to elucidate the aetiology of AD, virtually no effective treatment has been developed. This suggests that there may be problems related to drug efficacy or underlying hypotheses. Therefore, this paper will analyse different drugs that have been investigated on the basis of the hypotheses discussed above. The possible reasons behind these failures have been studied and alternatives to solve them have been suggested. In addition, the existence of new strategies, such as combination therapy, which has not been tested yet, is taken into account. For all these reasons, it has been considered that the hypotheses should not be abandoned yet.
Direction
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
Periodontal disease and diabetes risk: role of the pharmacy office.
Authorship
C.G.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.G.A.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:40
07.22.2024 12:40
Summary
Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are two common conditions affecting a large population. Poorly controlled diabetes increases the prevalence and severity of periodontitis. Furthermore, periodontal disease can affect glycaemic control in diabetic patients. There is a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. This work focused on conducting a field research in a pharmacy office to predict the risk of diabetes associated with periodontal disease. During the study, two forms were used. On the one hand, the Gingival Health Test, which aims to help assess the individual risk of suffering from periodontal disease. On the other hand, the Findrisk Test, which assesses the individual risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the next ten years. For this purpose, both questionnaires were provided to the population of a pharmacy office, on a completely voluntary basis, after they had passed through the establishment. The results obtained in this study showed that the Gingival Health Test is very useful in identifying those who already suffer from oral disease or who may eventually develop it, because people at low risk may progress to moderate risk, while those at moderate risk may increase their risk to high risk over time. In the case of the Findrisk Test, it has not proved to be effective, as it leads to the appearance of false negatives, and it would therefore be advisable to reformulate the questionnaire.
Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are two common conditions affecting a large population. Poorly controlled diabetes increases the prevalence and severity of periodontitis. Furthermore, periodontal disease can affect glycaemic control in diabetic patients. There is a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. This work focused on conducting a field research in a pharmacy office to predict the risk of diabetes associated with periodontal disease. During the study, two forms were used. On the one hand, the Gingival Health Test, which aims to help assess the individual risk of suffering from periodontal disease. On the other hand, the Findrisk Test, which assesses the individual risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the next ten years. For this purpose, both questionnaires were provided to the population of a pharmacy office, on a completely voluntary basis, after they had passed through the establishment. The results obtained in this study showed that the Gingival Health Test is very useful in identifying those who already suffer from oral disease or who may eventually develop it, because people at low risk may progress to moderate risk, while those at moderate risk may increase their risk to high risk over time. In the case of the Findrisk Test, it has not proved to be effective, as it leads to the appearance of false negatives, and it would therefore be advisable to reformulate the questionnaire.
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Member)
New Approaches in the treatment of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authorship
I.F.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
I.F.F.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:20
07.22.2024 12:20
Summary
Recent decades have witnessed exponential progress in the research and treatment of diseases such as Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). This disease, currently known as Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia, is an autoimmune disorder of the blood that is characterised by a poor platelet count, which may be due to two main mechanisms: the accelerated destruction of platelets by the immune system, or the poor production of platelets in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Thanks to the latest research on the etiology of the disease, new approaches to its treatment have been developed. In the past, action protocols were focused on suppression of the immune system, with procedures such as spleen extraction. Today, there are treatments with novel mechanisms of action, such as thrombopoietin receptor agonists, which have offered patients a remarkable improvement in the management of the disease and have reduced complications associated with traditional treatments.
Recent decades have witnessed exponential progress in the research and treatment of diseases such as Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). This disease, currently known as Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia, is an autoimmune disorder of the blood that is characterised by a poor platelet count, which may be due to two main mechanisms: the accelerated destruction of platelets by the immune system, or the poor production of platelets in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Thanks to the latest research on the etiology of the disease, new approaches to its treatment have been developed. In the past, action protocols were focused on suppression of the immune system, with procedures such as spleen extraction. Today, there are treatments with novel mechanisms of action, such as thrombopoietin receptor agonists, which have offered patients a remarkable improvement in the management of the disease and have reduced complications associated with traditional treatments.
Direction
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Tutorships)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Molecular mechanisms and current therapeutic landscape of rheumatoid arthritis
Authorship
J.G.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
J.G.M.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 12:40
07.22.2024 12:40
Summary
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease primarily characterized by persistent joint inflammation, which can lead to progressive joint destruction and loss of functionality. Although the joints are predominantly affected, RA frequently evolves into extra-articular manifestations, indicating disease severity and poor prognosis. To gain an updated understanding of the disease, this work undertook a comprehensive review of recent advances in etiology, molecular mechanisms, and diagnostics, as well as the current therapeutic landscape. It was found that anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), along with metabolic imaging, may offer a means for early detection of the disease. Regarding treatments, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the most extensively studied. While targeted synthetic DMARDs and biological DMARDs are the most revolutionary, conventional synthetic DMARDs, along with NSAIDs and corticosteroids, remain the first-line choices in clinical practice.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease primarily characterized by persistent joint inflammation, which can lead to progressive joint destruction and loss of functionality. Although the joints are predominantly affected, RA frequently evolves into extra-articular manifestations, indicating disease severity and poor prognosis. To gain an updated understanding of the disease, this work undertook a comprehensive review of recent advances in etiology, molecular mechanisms, and diagnostics, as well as the current therapeutic landscape. It was found that anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), along with metabolic imaging, may offer a means for early detection of the disease. Regarding treatments, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the most extensively studied. While targeted synthetic DMARDs and biological DMARDs are the most revolutionary, conventional synthetic DMARDs, along with NSAIDs and corticosteroids, remain the first-line choices in clinical practice.
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
R.G.H.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
R.G.H.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 13:00
07.22.2024 13:00
Summary
Dementias are a type of disease characterized by cognitive impairment derived from damage to the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). Among the different types of dementia, the most common is Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease. The hypotheses raised in recent years to explain the origin and evolution of this condition and, potentially, of other neurodegenerative diseases, begin to highlight the importance of the role that vascular alterations play in the central nervous system (CNS). The main reasons to attribute this vascular alteration are the dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which would result in alterations in the cerebral microvasculature, appearance of ischemic and inflammatory processes, increased oxidative stress and increased passage of toxins to the CNS. Among the multiple cellular signaling pathways that participate in the regulation of vascular and neuronal function, the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway stands out for its involvement in mechanisms of control of vascular tone, immunity and neuroplasticity. Therefore, the stimulation of the NO/cGMP pathway directly through riociguat, a stimulator and activator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), is of interest as a pharmacological strategy to preserve the integrity of the BBB and vascular function in the CNS and will be the subject of this work. To this end, the effects of riociguat were studied in the presence and absence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as a proinflammatory agent, in endothelial cells of murine cerebral microvasculature (bEnd.3) by evaluating the integrity of the endothelial barrier, determining the expression of proinflammatory mediators and detection of the levels of structural and immunological proteins.
Dementias are a type of disease characterized by cognitive impairment derived from damage to the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). Among the different types of dementia, the most common is Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease. The hypotheses raised in recent years to explain the origin and evolution of this condition and, potentially, of other neurodegenerative diseases, begin to highlight the importance of the role that vascular alterations play in the central nervous system (CNS). The main reasons to attribute this vascular alteration are the dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which would result in alterations in the cerebral microvasculature, appearance of ischemic and inflammatory processes, increased oxidative stress and increased passage of toxins to the CNS. Among the multiple cellular signaling pathways that participate in the regulation of vascular and neuronal function, the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway stands out for its involvement in mechanisms of control of vascular tone, immunity and neuroplasticity. Therefore, the stimulation of the NO/cGMP pathway directly through riociguat, a stimulator and activator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), is of interest as a pharmacological strategy to preserve the integrity of the BBB and vascular function in the CNS and will be the subject of this work. To this end, the effects of riociguat were studied in the presence and absence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as a proinflammatory agent, in endothelial cells of murine cerebral microvasculature (bEnd.3) by evaluating the integrity of the endothelial barrier, determining the expression of proinflammatory mediators and detection of the levels of structural and immunological proteins.
Direction
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
RODRIGUEZ PEREIRO, ISAAC (Chairman)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Secretary)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Member)
Use of a pressure sensor to optimise the 3D printing of medicines
Authorship
P.L.N.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
P.L.N.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:20
07.22.2024 09:20
Summary
Semisolid extrusion (SSE) is a 3D printing technique which involves the extrusion of a of a material in gel or paste form through a syringe based printhead to create the desired object following the digital design previously created. In pharmaceuticals, this technology was employed before to produce medicines for human use. To further support its clinical adoption, the use of a pressure sensor may provide information regarding the conditions used during the printing process and about the printability under those conditions and facilitate of the formulations. Therefore, in this study a pressure sensor was included during characterization and the printing process of personalized dosages of a gel like pharmaceutical ink loaded with 0,8% w/w of biotin. The use of the sensor made it possible to determine the optimum values that influence the printing process, thus obtaining a constant flow of ink and thereby reducing the variability of the printlets (3D printed tablets) in regard to their weight and the dosage contained in them.
Semisolid extrusion (SSE) is a 3D printing technique which involves the extrusion of a of a material in gel or paste form through a syringe based printhead to create the desired object following the digital design previously created. In pharmaceuticals, this technology was employed before to produce medicines for human use. To further support its clinical adoption, the use of a pressure sensor may provide information regarding the conditions used during the printing process and about the printability under those conditions and facilitate of the formulations. Therefore, in this study a pressure sensor was included during characterization and the printing process of personalized dosages of a gel like pharmaceutical ink loaded with 0,8% w/w of biotin. The use of the sensor made it possible to determine the optimum values that influence the printing process, thus obtaining a constant flow of ink and thereby reducing the variability of the printlets (3D printed tablets) in regard to their weight and the dosage contained in them.
Direction
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Gut microbiota and implications on human health.
Authorship
B.M.D.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
B.M.D.R.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 09:40
07.22.2024 09:40
Summary
The microbiota is a community of microorganisms that includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea that are distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, with a greater concentration in the large intestine. The human being acquires the microbiota after birth and this stabilizes around the age of three, being very similar between individuals unless there are changes in the way of life and becoming less varied in older people. These microorganisms perform diverse functions that include trophic, metabolic, immune, structural, and neurological. Variation in the community of microorganisms may be related to the occurrence of diseases such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, neurological, psychiatric and metabolic diseases. On the other hand, the microbiota is related to the appearance of bacterial overgrowths in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract that have gone viral on social networks and led to self-diagnosis and overdiagnosis of the same. The microbiota can undergo quantitative and qualitative changes, which is known as dysbiosis, which can be alleviated with the use of probiotics and prebiotics recommended by doctors or pharmacists at the pharmacy consultation. In recent years, faecal transplantation is gaining importance for the repopulation of the intestinal microbiota of people with serious diseases resulting from severe dysbiosis.
The microbiota is a community of microorganisms that includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea that are distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, with a greater concentration in the large intestine. The human being acquires the microbiota after birth and this stabilizes around the age of three, being very similar between individuals unless there are changes in the way of life and becoming less varied in older people. These microorganisms perform diverse functions that include trophic, metabolic, immune, structural, and neurological. Variation in the community of microorganisms may be related to the occurrence of diseases such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, neurological, psychiatric and metabolic diseases. On the other hand, the microbiota is related to the appearance of bacterial overgrowths in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract that have gone viral on social networks and led to self-diagnosis and overdiagnosis of the same. The microbiota can undergo quantitative and qualitative changes, which is known as dysbiosis, which can be alleviated with the use of probiotics and prebiotics recommended by doctors or pharmacists at the pharmacy consultation. In recent years, faecal transplantation is gaining importance for the repopulation of the intestinal microbiota of people with serious diseases resulting from severe dysbiosis.
Direction
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Tutorships)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Cross-immunity of the meningococcal 4CMenB vaccine against Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authorship
J.P.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
J.P.L.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:00
07.22.2024 10:00
Summary
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the gram-negative bacterium that causes gonococcal infection or gonorrhoea, one of the main sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in the world. In recent years, the increase in incidence of this disease, together with antimicrobial resistance of new strains, highlight the need of a functional vaccine against this pathogen. There is currently no antigonococcal vaccine, but the MeNZB vaccine against N. meningitidis, based on outer membrane vesicles (OMV), has been shown in retrospective studies to promote some cross-immunity against gonococcal infection. The inclusion in vaccination schedules of 4CMenB vaccine, based on OMV and recombinant proteins, generates great interest in the possibility of cross immunity against gonococcus. In this study, a protocol for the extraction of outer membrane proteins from different strains of both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae is used to confront these proteins with sera from individuals with different meningococcal vaccination profiles by Western blotting, allowing comparison of the humoral response of each subject against both species. The results of this study demonstrate that not only does the 4CMenB vaccine facilitates cross immunity against N. gonorrhoeae, but all individual vaccinated against N. meningitidis are able to recognize at least certain homologous proteins between both Neisseria species, which does not occur in the unvaccinated control individual. It is also shown that the protection offered by 4CMenB vaccine is not long-lasting and would require the administration of booster doses.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the gram-negative bacterium that causes gonococcal infection or gonorrhoea, one of the main sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in the world. In recent years, the increase in incidence of this disease, together with antimicrobial resistance of new strains, highlight the need of a functional vaccine against this pathogen. There is currently no antigonococcal vaccine, but the MeNZB vaccine against N. meningitidis, based on outer membrane vesicles (OMV), has been shown in retrospective studies to promote some cross-immunity against gonococcal infection. The inclusion in vaccination schedules of 4CMenB vaccine, based on OMV and recombinant proteins, generates great interest in the possibility of cross immunity against gonococcus. In this study, a protocol for the extraction of outer membrane proteins from different strains of both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae is used to confront these proteins with sera from individuals with different meningococcal vaccination profiles by Western blotting, allowing comparison of the humoral response of each subject against both species. The results of this study demonstrate that not only does the 4CMenB vaccine facilitates cross immunity against N. gonorrhoeae, but all individual vaccinated against N. meningitidis are able to recognize at least certain homologous proteins between both Neisseria species, which does not occur in the unvaccinated control individual. It is also shown that the protection offered by 4CMenB vaccine is not long-lasting and would require the administration of booster doses.
Direction
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Amphyzoic amoebae past, present and future
Authorship
R.M.R.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
R.M.R.C.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:20
07.22.2024 10:20
Summary
Amphizoic amoebae, also known as free-living amoebae, are ubiquitous organisms (living in freshwater, thermal waters, soils, pools...), with the ability to adapt to parasitic life, and are opportunistic and therefore represent an important public health problem. The study focuses on Naegleria fowleri, commonly known as ''the brain-eating amoeba'', responsible for primary amoebic meningoencephalitis with severe prognosis and low survival, which mainly affects children and young people with a history of aquatic activities. Given the amoeba's thermotolerant capacity, the rise in water temperature as a result of climate change may favour the appearance of new cases. It also addresses the study of species of the genus Acanthamoeba, which, although their amoebic granulomatous neurological condition has a better prognosis, some species are associated with increasingly common keratitis in contact lens wearers. Specific and rapid diagnosis is always of crucial importance for a favourable outcome of the neurological disease despite the absence of a treatment of choice. However, recent research into new formulations of active ingredients with a certain degree of efficacy augurs well for the future. Prevention is difficult because of the impossibility of disinfecting natural means, but health education of contact lens wearers would prevent the increasingly frequent cases of amoebic keratitis.
Amphizoic amoebae, also known as free-living amoebae, are ubiquitous organisms (living in freshwater, thermal waters, soils, pools...), with the ability to adapt to parasitic life, and are opportunistic and therefore represent an important public health problem. The study focuses on Naegleria fowleri, commonly known as ''the brain-eating amoeba'', responsible for primary amoebic meningoencephalitis with severe prognosis and low survival, which mainly affects children and young people with a history of aquatic activities. Given the amoeba's thermotolerant capacity, the rise in water temperature as a result of climate change may favour the appearance of new cases. It also addresses the study of species of the genus Acanthamoeba, which, although their amoebic granulomatous neurological condition has a better prognosis, some species are associated with increasingly common keratitis in contact lens wearers. Specific and rapid diagnosis is always of crucial importance for a favourable outcome of the neurological disease despite the absence of a treatment of choice. However, recent research into new formulations of active ingredients with a certain degree of efficacy augurs well for the future. Prevention is difficult because of the impossibility of disinfecting natural means, but health education of contact lens wearers would prevent the increasingly frequent cases of amoebic keratitis.
Direction
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Tutorships)
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Pain management in pets
Authorship
C.S.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
C.S.V.
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Defense date
07.22.2024 10:40
07.22.2024 10:40
Summary
Pain management involves understanding the mechanisms by which it develops and the development of effective therapeutic strategies. To do this, it is necessary to know the physiology of pain, which includes both the nociception process and the emotional component that is part of the painful experience. It is necessary to identify when an animal is suffering from pain so that we can intervene as soon as possible. Identifying pain in animals is not an easy task, due to their inability to express themselves verbally and is fundamentally based on the observation of behavioral changes. The treatment consists of the administration of different drugs, selected according to the type of pain and its severity. Each pharmacological family acts on the different pain mechanisms, providing analgesia. In addition to pharmacotherapy, there are other therapeutic techniques that complement the treatment, with physiotherapy being the most used, which offers massages and therapeutic exercises that help reduce pain and accelerate recovery.
Pain management involves understanding the mechanisms by which it develops and the development of effective therapeutic strategies. To do this, it is necessary to know the physiology of pain, which includes both the nociception process and the emotional component that is part of the painful experience. It is necessary to identify when an animal is suffering from pain so that we can intervene as soon as possible. Identifying pain in animals is not an easy task, due to their inability to express themselves verbally and is fundamentally based on the observation of behavioral changes. The treatment consists of the administration of different drugs, selected according to the type of pain and its severity. Each pharmacological family acts on the different pain mechanisms, providing analgesia. In addition to pharmacotherapy, there are other therapeutic techniques that complement the treatment, with physiotherapy being the most used, which offers massages and therapeutic exercises that help reduce pain and accelerate recovery.
Direction
MANCEBO SEOANE, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
MANCEBO SEOANE, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
ROMARIS MARTINEZ, FERNANDA (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
LABISBAL VIQUEIRA, MARIA ELENA (Member)