SADR Recognitions
(in alphabetical order)
84 States all over the world have recognized the SADR
47 States keep their recognition
30 States have cancelled their recognition, 7 of them (Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Paraguay) violating their international obligations [*]
6 States have frozen or "suspended" their recognition
1 Estado ha desaparecido
States that recognize the SADR (in alphabetical order)
Afghanistan (May 23, 1979),
Albania (December 29, 1987),
Algeria (March 6, 1976, embassy),
Angola (March 11, 1976, embassy),
Antigua and Barbuda (February 27,1987, cancelled 16.08.10),
Barbados (February 27, 1988, frozen 12.02.08, cancelled 21.06.19)
Belize (November 18, 1986),
Benin (March 11, 1976, cancelled 21.03.97),
Bolivia (December 14, 1982, suspension of "links" 20.01.20, resumed 16.09.21),
Botswana (May 14, 1980),
Burkina Faso (March 4, 1984, cancelled 05.06.96),
Burundi (March 1,1976, frozen 05.05.06, resumed 16.06.08, cancelled 25.10.10),
Cambodia (April 10, 1979, cancelled 14.08.06),
Cape Verde (July 4, 1979, frozen 27.07.07),
Colombia (February 27, 1985, frozen Dec. 2000 ?, resumed 10.08.22),
Congo (June 3, 1978, cancelled 13.09.96),
Costa Rica (October 30, 1980, embassy 25.05.00),
Cuba (January 20, 1980, embassy),
Dominica (September 1, 1979, cancelled 23.07.10),
Dominican Republic (June 24, 1986), frozen May 2002 ?) [*]
Ecuador (November 14, 1983, Embassy),
East Timor (May 20, 2002, Embassy)
El Salvador (July 31, 1989, cancelled April 1997?, resumed at Embassy level 03.11.16, cancelled 15.06.19) [*],
Eswatini / Swaziland (April 28, 1980, cancelled 04.07.97),
Ethiopia (February 24, 1979, Embassy),
Equatorial Guinea (November 3, 1978, cancelled May 1980),
Ghana (August 24, 1979, frozen May 2001 ?, resumed at Embassy level 08.09.11),
Grenada (August 20, 1979, cancelled 16.08.10),
Guatemala (April 10, 1986), frozen April 1998?) [*]
Guinea- Bissau (March 15, 1976, cancelled 02.04.97, resumed 26.05.09, cancelled again 30.03.10),
Guyana (September 1, 1979, cancelled 14.11.20),
Haiti (23 November 2006), cancelled 10.10.13) [*],
Honduras (November 8, 1989, frozen Jan. 2000 ?, resumed 06.06.13)
India (October 1, 1985, cancelled 26.06.00),
Iran (February 27, 1980),
Jamaica (September 4, 1979) [*],
Kenya (June 25, 2005, embassy; frozen 26.06.07, resumed at Embassy level 11.12.13; fake cancellation 14.09.22 denied 16.09.22)
Kiribati (August 12, 1981, cancelled 15.09.00) ,
Laos (May 9, 1979),
Lesotho (October 9, 1979),
Liberia (July 31, 1985, cancelled 05.09.97),
Libya (April 15. 1980),
Madagascar (February 28,1976, embassy; frozen 06.04.2005),
Malawi (November 16, 1994, cancelled June 2001, resumed at Embassy level 01.02.08, cancelled again 16.09.08, resumed at Embassy level 06.03.14, cancelled again 05.05.17),
Mali (July 4, 1980),
Mauritania (February 27, 1984),
Mauritius (July 1, 1982, cancelled 16.01.14, resumed 23.11.15),
Mexico (September 8, 1979, Embassy),
Mozambique (March 13, 1976, Embassy),
Namibia (June 11, 1990),
Nauru (August 12, 1981, cancelled 15.09.00),
Nicaragua (September 6, 1979, frozen 21.07.00 until referendum, relations ressumed 12.01.07, Embassy),
Nigeria (November 12, 1984, Embassy 11.09.00),
North Korea (March 16, 1976),
Panama (June 23, 1978, embassy, suspended 20.11.13, resumed at Embassy level 07.01.16)
Papua New Guinea (August 12, 1981, cancelled 30.03.11),
Paraguay (February 2000, frozen 25.07.00, resumed 12.07.08, cancelled 03.01.14) [*],
Peru (August 16, 1984, suspended relations in October 1996, resumed 09.09.21; recognition cancelled 18.08.22: recognition reaffirmed 08.09.22)
Rwanda (April 1, 1976),
Saint Lucia (September 1, 1979, cancelled March 1989?, cancelled 16.08.10),
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (February 14, 2002, frozen 15.02.13),
Sao Tome and Principe (June 22, 1978, cancelled 23.10.96),
Seychelles (October 25, 1977),
Sierra Leone (March 27, 1980, frozen 16.07.03),
Solomon Islands (August 12,1981, cancelled January 1989),
South Africa (September 15, 2004, Embassy),
South Sudan (July 10, 2011; cancelled 28.09.18; resumed 20.09.22),
St. Kitts and Nevis (February 25, 1987, cancelled 16.08.10),
Surinam (August 11, 1982, cancelled 09.03.16),
Syria (April 15, 1980),
Tanzania (November 9, 1978, Embassy 28.06.2005),
Tchad (July 4, 1980, cancelled 09.05.97, resumed at Embassy level 17.07.07),
Togo (March 17, 1976, cancelled 18.06.97),
Trinidad and Tobago (November 1, 1986),
Tuvalu (August 12, 1981, cancelled 15.09.00),
Uganda (September 6, 1979, Embassy),
Uruguay (December 26, 2005, Embassy),
Vanuatu (November 27, 1980, cancelled Nov. 2000, resumed at Embassy level 31.07.08),
Venezuela (August 3, 1982, Embassy),
Vietnam (March 2, 1979),
Yemen (February 2, 1977),
Yugoslavia (November 28, 1984), [State disappeared in 2003, Serbia-Montenegro as Follow-State cancelled 27.10.04] [*]
Zambia (October 12, 1979, embassy 11.07.05, cancelled 29.03.11, resumed 21.11.12, cancelled by Minister occupyin lllegaly his position 09.07.16, relations confirmed 09.10.16),
Zimbabwe (July 3, 1980).
States that recognize the SADR (by continents)
Africa:
Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina-Fasso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Lybia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tchad, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America:
Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Bolivia [*], Colombia, Costa Rica [*], Cuba [*], Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador [*], El Salvador [*], Grenada, Guatemala [*], Guyana, Haiti [*], Honduras [*], Jamaica [*], Mexico [*], Nicaragua [*], Panama [*], Paraguay [*], Peru [*], Saint Vicent and The Grenadines, Saint Lucia, St. Kits y Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay [*], Venezuela [*].
Asia:
Afganisthan, Cambodia, India, Iran, Laos, North Korea, Papua-New Guinea, Syria, East Timor, Vietnam, Yemen
Oceania:
Kiribati, Nauru, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
Europe:
Albania and the former Yugoslavia
[*] Signatory State of the Convention of Rights and Duties of the States, signed in Montevideo on December, 26, 1933, whose article 6 says:
“The recognition of a state merely signifies that the state which recognizes it accepts the personality of the other with all the rights and duties determined by international law. Recognition is unconditional and irrevocable”.
Hence, once a State pary recognizes SADR as a sovereign state, then this state cannot revoke their recognition, except for that SADR ceases to exist or the states that extend recognition to SADR as a sovereign state cease to exist. That State may only break their diplomatic relations with the SADR.
SADR Constitutions
Provisional constitutional Act, February, 26, 1976
Constitution of August, 30, 1976
Constitution of 1982
Constitution of June, 19, 1991
Constitution, August, 26, 1995
Constitution, September, 4, 1999
Constitution of 2003
Constitución of 2011
Constitution of 2015
Constitution of 2019
Constitution of 2023
SADR Legislation
Law No. 03/2009 of 21 January 2009 establishing the Maritime Zones of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic
Law No. 02/014 of 26 May 2014 On The Mining Law
Press Release, 29 May 2014: "Saharawi Republic (SADR) Adopts Mining Code"
Law No 1/2019, of 6 July 2019, Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic Natural Resources Sovereignty Act
Fundamental Law of the Polisario Front
Fundamental Law of the Polisario Front (2015)
Fundamental Law of the Polisario Front (2023)
[in Arab]
Official letters to United Nations
Message dated 7 December 1975
Letter dated 23 June 1995
Letter dated 28 April 1999
Letter dated 31 May 2000
Letter dated 13 October 2000
Letter dated 10 April 2008
Letter dated 8 April 2009
Letter dated 12 April 2012
Letter dated 26 November 2012
Letter dated 21 March 2016
Letter dated 28 August 2016
from the SADR Minister of Defence to the Minurso Chief of Staff Acting Commander
Letter dated 14 July 2017
from the Permanent Representative of Namibia to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
The Frente Polisario considers null and void the bill on delimiting the Moroccan exclusive economic zone, including the waters off Western Sahara, with a view to “cementing” Morocco’s illegal occupation and annexation of the Territory
S/2017/609 - A/71/988
Note verbale dated 3 April 2018
Letter dated 28 June 2018
Letter dated 6 July 2018
Letter dated 17 July 2018
Letter dated 11 October 2018
Letter dated 11 October 2018
22, August 2018
Letter dated 24 October 2018
22, August 2018
Letter dated 8 January 2019
Letter dated 18 January 2019
Note verbale dated 20 February 2019
Letter dated 8 April 2019
Frente POLISARIO denounces the violations by Morocco of the Military Agreement n. 1 and of human rights.
Letter dated 26 April 2019
from the Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
Frente POLISARIO denounces Morocco’s escalating violations of the ceasefire
S/2019/348
Letter dated 22 May 2019
from the Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
Frente POLISARIO informs on the rapidly deteriorating situation on the ground in occupied Western Sahara and the proliferation of Morocco’s brazen violations of the ceasefire and its rampant human rights abuses
S/2019/424
Note verbale dated 13 June 2019
from the Permanent Mission of South Africa to the United Nations Office at Genevaaddressed to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
A/HRC/41/G/8
Letter dated 14 June 2019
from the Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
Frente POLISARIO informs that a Sahrawi military officer was killed as a result of a mine accident and two others were injured
S/2019/500
Letter dated 22 July 2019
from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Namibia to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
Frente POLISARIO condemns the visit that is being conducted by the head of the Moroccan government to the city of Dajla (Dakhla)
S/2019/590
Note verbale dated 25 September 2019
Letter dated 4 December 2019
Letter dated 16 January 2020
Letter dated 24 January 2020
Note Verbale dated 11 February 2020
Letter dated 5 March 2020
Letter dated 29 June 2020
Note verbale dated 17 July 2020
A/HRC/44/G/20
Letter dated 8 September 2020
Note verbale dated 2 October 2020
A/HRC/45/G/14
Letter dated 5 October 2020
Letter dated 7 October 2020
Letter dated 8 October 2020
Letter dated 23 October 2020
Letter dated 30 November 2020
Letter dated 21 December 2020
Letter dated 18 February 2021
Note verbale dated 17 March 2021
pertaining to the humanitarian assistance needed as a consequence of the resumption of the armed conflict in the occupied Non-Self-Governing Territory of Western Sahara
Letter dated 29 April 2021
Letter dated 16 May 2021
Letter dated 27 June 2021
Letter dated 9 July 2021
Letter dated 2 August 2021
Letter dated 19 August 2021
from the Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
Brahim Ghali, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Secretary General of Frente POLISARIO calSl upon the UN to intervene immediately and to take all necessary measures to compel the occupying State of Morocco to cease its unlawful and provocative actions in the Sahrawi Occupied Territories and to preserve the legal status of the Territory
S/2021/741
Letter dated 24 November 2021
from the Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
The Frente Polisario denounces the "elections" held by the occupying state in the Sahrawi territories under Moroccan illegal occupation
S/2021/978
Letter dated 24 November 2021
from the Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
The Frente Polisario reports on the judgment delivered on 29 September 2021 by the General Court of the European Union whereby it annulled the European Union Council decisions on agreements between the European Union and Morocco involving the Territory of Western Sahara
S/2021/979
Letter dated 24 November 2021
from the Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
The Frente Polisario expose its views on the report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations dated 1 October 2021 on the situation concerning Western Sahara (S/2021/843)
S/2021/980
Letter dated 15 February 2022
from the Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
The Frente Polisario denounces a large-scale scorched-earth policy against many Sahrawi families living outside major Sahrawi occupied cities
S/2022/115
Letter dated 20 April 2022
The Frente Polisario denounces Moroccan repression at occupied Bojador
Letter dated 18 May 2022
from the Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
The Frente Polisario denounces the Moroccan repression against Sahrawi human rights defenders despite the presence of the United Nations Mission in the Territory
S/2022/414
Letter dated 17 October 2022
The Frente Polisario recalled its decision of 30 Oct. 2019 to reconsider its engagement in the UN peace process, and its affirmation that it will never accept any approach that deviates from the mutually accepted UN-OAU Settlement Plan
Letter dated 8 February 2023
from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
concerning the outcomes of the Sixteenth Congress of the Frente POLISARIO
S/2023/143
Letter dated 27 March 2023
from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
Response of the Frente POLISARIO to the letter sent by Morocco on 8th March 2023 (S/2023/182)
S/2023/219
Letter dated 19 June 2023
from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
Clarification by the Frente Polisario of Western Sahara legal status
S/2023/456
Letter dated 19 October 2023
Letter dated 22 November 2023
Official Statements and Press Releases
Communiqué of the SADR Ministerium of Foreign Affairs
Communiqué of the SADR Ministerium of Foreign Affairs
Statement of the Saharawi government
Press Release. Polisario Front coordinator with MINURSO
Statement of the Saharawi government
Policy Statement of the government of the Saharawi Republic
Statement of the government of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic
Statement of the SADR Minister, Representative of Frente POLISARIO to Europe
Frente POLISARIO statement on the resignation of Personal Envoy Horst Köhler
22 May 2019
Communiqué of the SADR Ministerium of Foreign Affairs
Press Release of the Representative of the Frente Polisario
Press Release of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
Statement of the SADR
Statement by the spokesperson of the SADR Government
Press Release
Press Release
Press Release of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
Press Release by the spokesperson of the SADR Government
Press Release of the Representative of the Frente Polisario in Spain
Statement by the spokesperson of the SADR Government
Statement of the SADR Minister, Representative of Frente POLISARIO to Europe
Press Release of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
Press Release of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
Communiqué of the SADR Ministerium of Foreign Affairs
Press Release of the Representation of the Frente Polisario at Europe and the European Union
Press Release of the Representation of the Frente Polisario at Europe and the European Union
Press Release of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
Press Statement of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
Press Release of the Representation of the Frente Polisario at Europe and the European Union
Press Release of the Representation of the Frente Polisario at Europe and the European Union
Press Release of the Frente Polisario
Press Release of the Frente Polisario
Communiqué of the Frente Polisario
Press Release of the Representation of the Frente Polisario at Europe and the European Union
Press Statement of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
Press Statement of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
Communiqué of the Frente Polisario
Press Release of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
Statement of the Representative of the Frente Polisario in Spain
Press Statement of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
The Frente POLISARIO reiterates it commitment to the fulfillment of Western Sahara decolonization
10 May 2023
Press Statement of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
The Frente POLISARIO reiterates the legitimacy of its struggle for Western Sahara decolonization
20 May 2023
Press Statement of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
Press Statement of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
The Frente POLISARIO responses to the Moroccan representative speach at the United Nations General Assembly
27 September 2023
Communiqué of the Frente Polisario
Communiqué of the Frente Polisario
Press Release of the Frente Polisario
Communiqué of the Representative of the Frente Polisario in France, Switzerland, UNO and the international organizations in Geneva
SADR Communiqué
Press Release of the Representative of the Frente Polisario at the United Nations
Communiqué of the Frente Polisario
Proposal of the Frente Polisario for a mutually acceptable political solution that provides for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara
Annex to the letter dated 16 April 2007 from the Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/2007/210)
[Original: English and French]
Memorandums
Memorandum dated 5 October 1977 from the Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el Hamra y Río de Oro (Frente POLISARIO)
(...)
Memorandum dated May 1996 on the latest developments of the United Nations/Organization of African Unity Western Sahara peace plan by the Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el Hambra y Río de Oro (Frente POLISARIO)
(...)
Memorandum by the Frente POLISARIO on the question of Western Sahara, September 2000
Memorandum by the Frente POLISARIO on the question of Western Sahara, June 2002
Memorandum by the Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y de Rio de Oro on the question of Western Sahara addressed to the Member States of the United Nations, August 2004
A memorandum on the Allegations of the Kingdom of Morocco on the buffer zone, 12 April 2018
Information note, 16 April 2018
The Ceasefire agreement and Military Agreement No. 1 related to Western Sahara
Memorandum on the lates developements concerning the question of Western Sahara, May 2018 [in Spanish]
Memorandum on the question of Western Sahara, June 2018
Briefing of the Frente Polisario on the situation in Guerguerat, 8 November 2020
Explanatory note: "The collapse of the Ceasefire in Western Sahara owing to Morocco's Agression on the Sahrawi Territory on 13 November 2020", 22 November 2020