Role of Shh in neurogenesis and its relationship with neurological diseases of the retina
Authorship
N.H.O.
Master´s Degree in Optometry
N.H.O.
Master´s Degree in Optometry
Defense date
07.16.2024 13:00
07.16.2024 13:00
Summary
Neurodegenerative disorders of the retina cause dysfunction and subsequent death of cells in the nervous system. These disorders affect millions of people around the world and their prevalence increases as the population ages. The disease affects the neurons and/or the retinal pigment epithelium, causing irreversible visual loss, since, in humans, these cells cannot regenerate. In recent years, therapies have been developed to stop or treat these neurodegenerative diseases that affect vision. It has recently been shown that signaling mediated by Sonic Hedgehog, Shh, a crucial signaling protein in the regulation of the development of the central nervous system and in the control of embryonic and postnatal neurogenesis through the control of the proliferation of progenitor cells, their differentiation , organization and survival), can regulate the response of mature nervous tissue to neurodegeneration in various disease models, including age-related diseases, both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that manipulation of this pathway could have therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. The objective of this work is to carry out a bibliographic review on: 1, the role of Shh in neuroprotection and neurogenesis in postnatal and adult nervous tissue; 2, the role of Shh in neurogenesis in the healthy postnatal retina; 3, the possible manipulation of the Shh pathway to treat neurological diseases involving neurodegeneration in the postnatal retina, including those associated with age. Studies in the pre-clinical phase in several animal models suggest that Shh can act in different phases of the neurodegenerative process as a neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory factor, controlling autophagy, apoptosis or promoting neurogenesis from progenitor cells of the adult neurogenic niches. , including Müller glia cells.
Neurodegenerative disorders of the retina cause dysfunction and subsequent death of cells in the nervous system. These disorders affect millions of people around the world and their prevalence increases as the population ages. The disease affects the neurons and/or the retinal pigment epithelium, causing irreversible visual loss, since, in humans, these cells cannot regenerate. In recent years, therapies have been developed to stop or treat these neurodegenerative diseases that affect vision. It has recently been shown that signaling mediated by Sonic Hedgehog, Shh, a crucial signaling protein in the regulation of the development of the central nervous system and in the control of embryonic and postnatal neurogenesis through the control of the proliferation of progenitor cells, their differentiation , organization and survival), can regulate the response of mature nervous tissue to neurodegeneration in various disease models, including age-related diseases, both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that manipulation of this pathway could have therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. The objective of this work is to carry out a bibliographic review on: 1, the role of Shh in neuroprotection and neurogenesis in postnatal and adult nervous tissue; 2, the role of Shh in neurogenesis in the healthy postnatal retina; 3, the possible manipulation of the Shh pathway to treat neurological diseases involving neurodegeneration in the postnatal retina, including those associated with age. Studies in the pre-clinical phase in several animal models suggest that Shh can act in different phases of the neurodegenerative process as a neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory factor, controlling autophagy, apoptosis or promoting neurogenesis from progenitor cells of the adult neurogenic niches. , including Müller glia cells.
Direction
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Tutorships)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
García Queiruga, Jacobo (Secretary)
PEREZ BALADRON, ADRIAN (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
García Queiruga, Jacobo (Secretary)
PEREZ BALADRON, ADRIAN (Member)
Effect of artificial tears with hyaluronic acid in contact lens wearers
Authorship
S.A.M.
Master´s Degree in Optometry
S.A.M.
Master´s Degree in Optometry
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:30
07.16.2024 10:30
Summary
Artificial tears whose main agent is hyaluronic acid, have proven to be effective in the treatment of the symptoms that characterize dry eye disease. Their application in contact lens wearers shows safety and enhances hydration and lubrication of the ocular surface and the lens. In addition, depending on the size of the hyaluronic acid polymer present, the solution will exhibit properties that are centered on its high capacity to form bonds with water. In this review we have analyzed the literature on clinical trials conducted with hyaluronic acid artificial tears in contact lens wearers, in order to obtain associations between the characteristics of hyaluronic acid, its properties in solution and the ocular dryness associated with contact lens wear. In this way, it has been found that mainly the ionicity and water content of contact lenses induce a variability in the effect of artificial tears with hyaluronic acid, in terms of wettability and friction. Therefore, a complex interpretation of the result of incorporating different concentrations of hyaluronic acid on soft contact lenses is concluded.
Artificial tears whose main agent is hyaluronic acid, have proven to be effective in the treatment of the symptoms that characterize dry eye disease. Their application in contact lens wearers shows safety and enhances hydration and lubrication of the ocular surface and the lens. In addition, depending on the size of the hyaluronic acid polymer present, the solution will exhibit properties that are centered on its high capacity to form bonds with water. In this review we have analyzed the literature on clinical trials conducted with hyaluronic acid artificial tears in contact lens wearers, in order to obtain associations between the characteristics of hyaluronic acid, its properties in solution and the ocular dryness associated with contact lens wear. In this way, it has been found that mainly the ionicity and water content of contact lenses induce a variability in the effect of artificial tears with hyaluronic acid, in terms of wettability and friction. Therefore, a complex interpretation of the result of incorporating different concentrations of hyaluronic acid on soft contact lenses is concluded.
Direction
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Tutorships)
SANCHEZ SELLERO, CESAR ANDRES (Co-tutorships)
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Tutorships)
SANCHEZ SELLERO, CESAR ANDRES (Co-tutorships)
Court
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Chairman)
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Chairman)
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
Analysis of the impact on tear quality of dry eye management
Authorship
L.C.T.
Master´s Degree in Optometry
L.C.T.
Master´s Degree in Optometry
Defense date
07.16.2024 12:30
07.16.2024 12:30
Summary
Purpose: To analyze the changes obtained in tear quality after applying different treatments for dry eye depending on the time elapsed since their administration, as well as whether there are differences between the short-term effectiveness of each therapy used. Material and methods: 35 participants without a diagnosis of dry eye or ocular pathology and aged between 18 and 35 years were included in the present study. All of them were evaluated in a single session where they were randomly assigned a treatment (artificial tears, eyelid wipes, or eye bath). Initially, everyone self-completed the DEQ-5 ocular symptomatology questionnaire. Next, the tear meniscus height (TMH) was measured before the application of the treatment and in the 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes afterward, as well as the tear film non-invasive breakup time (NIBUT) was also measured at baseline before the administration and at 2, 10, and 20 minutes. Results: No significant differences were found in intragroup NIBUT with any treatment (all, p grater or equal to 0.316). No significant differences were found in intragroup TMH in participants who were administered eyelid wipes (p = 0.144). In contrast, with the eye bath, a significant increase was found at 2 and 5 minutes (both, p less or equal to 0.045), and in this case and with artificial tears, the value decreases from 2 to 10 minutes after application to baseline level (both p less or equal to 0.028), with artificial tears also decreases from 2 to 20 minutes (p = 0.020). No significant differences were found for any of the parameters in the intergroup analysis (all p grater or equal to 0.108). Conclusion: None of the treatments studied influence NIBUT in the short term. On the contrary, artificial tears and eye bath have an initial impact on TMH. Furthermore, there are no differences between treatments.
Purpose: To analyze the changes obtained in tear quality after applying different treatments for dry eye depending on the time elapsed since their administration, as well as whether there are differences between the short-term effectiveness of each therapy used. Material and methods: 35 participants without a diagnosis of dry eye or ocular pathology and aged between 18 and 35 years were included in the present study. All of them were evaluated in a single session where they were randomly assigned a treatment (artificial tears, eyelid wipes, or eye bath). Initially, everyone self-completed the DEQ-5 ocular symptomatology questionnaire. Next, the tear meniscus height (TMH) was measured before the application of the treatment and in the 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes afterward, as well as the tear film non-invasive breakup time (NIBUT) was also measured at baseline before the administration and at 2, 10, and 20 minutes. Results: No significant differences were found in intragroup NIBUT with any treatment (all, p grater or equal to 0.316). No significant differences were found in intragroup TMH in participants who were administered eyelid wipes (p = 0.144). In contrast, with the eye bath, a significant increase was found at 2 and 5 minutes (both, p less or equal to 0.045), and in this case and with artificial tears, the value decreases from 2 to 10 minutes after application to baseline level (both p less or equal to 0.028), with artificial tears also decreases from 2 to 20 minutes (p = 0.020). No significant differences were found for any of the parameters in the intergroup analysis (all p grater or equal to 0.108). Conclusion: None of the treatments studied influence NIBUT in the short term. On the contrary, artificial tears and eye bath have an initial impact on TMH. Furthermore, there are no differences between treatments.
Direction
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Tutorships)
Sabucedo Villamarín, Belén (Co-tutorships)
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Tutorships)
Sabucedo Villamarín, Belén (Co-tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
García Queiruga, Jacobo (Secretary)
PEREZ BALADRON, ADRIAN (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
García Queiruga, Jacobo (Secretary)
PEREZ BALADRON, ADRIAN (Member)
Concordance analysis in binocular and stereoscopic evaluation between digital and conventional methods.
Authorship
L.R.C.
Master´s Degree in Optometry
L.R.C.
Master´s Degree in Optometry
Defense date
07.16.2024 13:30
07.16.2024 13:30
Summary
Introduction: The high prevalence of binocular dysfunctions from early ages makes it extremely important to establish the reliability of techniques for evaluating visual capabilities. With the advancement of technology and its incorporation into visual therapy, specific programs have been developed to measure capabilities such as stereoscopic vision and eye movements. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the concordance in the measurement of binocular skills between conventional methods and digital methods. Methodology: From an initial group of 37 volunteers, 32 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria established in the study (visual acuity, age, refraction, and health status). Positive fusional vergences (PFV) and negative fusional vergences (NFV) were measured using the prism bar and the VisionaryTool, as well as the value of stereacuity using the TNO, Stereo Fly Test, and VisionaryTool. Measurements were carried out by the same examiner, randomly among patients, and under the same environmental conditions. Results: The results of the convergence measurements revealed differences between both methods in break and recovery, both in PFV and NFV (p less than 0,001). Positive correlations were also found in break and recovery btween tests, both in PFV (p less than 0,019) and NFV (p less than 0,012). In the measurement of stereoacuity, differences were found between the three methods used, both at a general level and in pairs (p less than 0,001). Despite finding positive correlations between the TNO and Stereo Fly Test (p = 0,004), no correlations were found when comparing VisionaryTool with TNO (p = 0,252) or the Stereo Fly Test (p = 0,053). Conclusion: Conventional methods and the VisionaryTool are neither equivalent nor interchangeable for use in daily clinical practice for measuring vergences and stereoacuity.
Introduction: The high prevalence of binocular dysfunctions from early ages makes it extremely important to establish the reliability of techniques for evaluating visual capabilities. With the advancement of technology and its incorporation into visual therapy, specific programs have been developed to measure capabilities such as stereoscopic vision and eye movements. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the concordance in the measurement of binocular skills between conventional methods and digital methods. Methodology: From an initial group of 37 volunteers, 32 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria established in the study (visual acuity, age, refraction, and health status). Positive fusional vergences (PFV) and negative fusional vergences (NFV) were measured using the prism bar and the VisionaryTool, as well as the value of stereacuity using the TNO, Stereo Fly Test, and VisionaryTool. Measurements were carried out by the same examiner, randomly among patients, and under the same environmental conditions. Results: The results of the convergence measurements revealed differences between both methods in break and recovery, both in PFV and NFV (p less than 0,001). Positive correlations were also found in break and recovery btween tests, both in PFV (p less than 0,019) and NFV (p less than 0,012). In the measurement of stereoacuity, differences were found between the three methods used, both at a general level and in pairs (p less than 0,001). Despite finding positive correlations between the TNO and Stereo Fly Test (p = 0,004), no correlations were found when comparing VisionaryTool with TNO (p = 0,252) or the Stereo Fly Test (p = 0,053). Conclusion: Conventional methods and the VisionaryTool are neither equivalent nor interchangeable for use in daily clinical practice for measuring vergences and stereoacuity.
Direction
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Tutorships)
Nores Palmás, Noelia (Co-tutorships)
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Tutorships)
Nores Palmás, Noelia (Co-tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
García Queiruga, Jacobo (Secretary)
PEREZ BALADRON, ADRIAN (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
García Queiruga, Jacobo (Secretary)
PEREZ BALADRON, ADRIAN (Member)
Study and relationship of contact lens use with symptoms of dry eye, digital habits, and ocular surface parameters
Authorship
S.V.G.
Master´s Degree in Optometry
S.V.G.
Master´s Degree in Optometry
Defense date
09.13.2024 11:00
09.13.2024 11:00
Summary
This research examines the impact of the use of contact lenses (CL) and digital devices (VDT from its acronym in English Video Display Terminal) on ocular health, focusing on their relationship with the symptoms of Dry Eye Disease (DED). The structure and function of the ocular surface (OS), composed of the cornea, conjunctiva, eyelids, eyelashes, tear film, and Meibomian glands (MG), are examined. The importance of the tear film, which is a trilaminar structure comprising lipid, aqueous, and mucous layers to maintain ocular health and clear vision, is emphasized. Changes in this film can lead to DED. DED is defined as a multifactorial disease characterized by the loss of homeostasis of the tear film and ocular symptoms, classified into three types: evaporative, aqueous deficiency, and mixed. An experimental analysis was conducted on students from the University of Santiago de Compostela, where the blink rate, tear film stability, tear meniscus height, and MG morphology were evaluated. The findings show significant correlations between the use of VDT and tear film instability, as well as between the use of CL and alterations in the MG. It was found that with increased use of VDT, there is an increase in the area lost in the Meibomian glands (MGLA from its acronym in English Meibomian Gland Loss Area), and also less stability of the tear film. Additionally, the tear film is unstable in CL users. Ocular health can be negatively affected by the prolonged use of VDT and CL. This study provides data from specific populations in Galicia, which will improve our understanding of how the use of VDT and CL can result in DED.
This research examines the impact of the use of contact lenses (CL) and digital devices (VDT from its acronym in English Video Display Terminal) on ocular health, focusing on their relationship with the symptoms of Dry Eye Disease (DED). The structure and function of the ocular surface (OS), composed of the cornea, conjunctiva, eyelids, eyelashes, tear film, and Meibomian glands (MG), are examined. The importance of the tear film, which is a trilaminar structure comprising lipid, aqueous, and mucous layers to maintain ocular health and clear vision, is emphasized. Changes in this film can lead to DED. DED is defined as a multifactorial disease characterized by the loss of homeostasis of the tear film and ocular symptoms, classified into three types: evaporative, aqueous deficiency, and mixed. An experimental analysis was conducted on students from the University of Santiago de Compostela, where the blink rate, tear film stability, tear meniscus height, and MG morphology were evaluated. The findings show significant correlations between the use of VDT and tear film instability, as well as between the use of CL and alterations in the MG. It was found that with increased use of VDT, there is an increase in the area lost in the Meibomian glands (MGLA from its acronym in English Meibomian Gland Loss Area), and also less stability of the tear film. Additionally, the tear film is unstable in CL users. Ocular health can be negatively affected by the prolonged use of VDT and CL. This study provides data from specific populations in Galicia, which will improve our understanding of how the use of VDT and CL can result in DED.
Direction
García Queiruga, Jacobo (Tutorships)
Sabucedo Villamarín, Belén (Co-tutorships)
García Queiruga, Jacobo (Tutorships)
Sabucedo Villamarín, Belén (Co-tutorships)
Court
ARINES PIFERRER, JUSTO (Chairman)
Ferreiro Figueiras, Dolores Purificación (Secretary)
Calo Santiago, Rosa (Member)
ARINES PIFERRER, JUSTO (Chairman)
Ferreiro Figueiras, Dolores Purificación (Secretary)
Calo Santiago, Rosa (Member)
Assessment of alterations in visual function in the elderly population through self-perception questionnaires
Authorship
M.H.G.
Master´s Degree in Optometry
M.H.G.
Master´s Degree in Optometry
Defense date
07.16.2024 11:00
07.16.2024 11:00
Summary
The present study addresses the assessment of visual function alterations in older adults through a newly developed self-perception questionnaire. The process of population aging entails anatomical and physiological changes that increase the risk of diseases affecting the visual system. These changes directly impact the quality of life of older adults, hindering or preventing the performance of basic and instrumental activities of daily living, associated with the risk of falls, isolation, depression, and cognitive decline. The design, development, and administration of the self-perception visual questionnaire are detailed, with participants being users of the AGADEA center, diagnosed with Alzheimer's and other dementias. Following this pilot study, the questionnaire has been refined to ensure its positive qualities compared to other validated questionnaires, noted for its brevity and simplicity, accompanied by an optometric examination measuring Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity. The results indicate that although the majority of participants use some form of optical correction or aid, regular evaluations are necessary to achieve a balance and personal well-being for the individual. The study confirms that visual impairments negatively affect the quality of life of older adults and their ability to lead a normal daily life. The data suggest that using an adapted self-perception visual questionnaire is a useful tool for screening visual problems, thus providing more effective and personalized primary care.
The present study addresses the assessment of visual function alterations in older adults through a newly developed self-perception questionnaire. The process of population aging entails anatomical and physiological changes that increase the risk of diseases affecting the visual system. These changes directly impact the quality of life of older adults, hindering or preventing the performance of basic and instrumental activities of daily living, associated with the risk of falls, isolation, depression, and cognitive decline. The design, development, and administration of the self-perception visual questionnaire are detailed, with participants being users of the AGADEA center, diagnosed with Alzheimer's and other dementias. Following this pilot study, the questionnaire has been refined to ensure its positive qualities compared to other validated questionnaires, noted for its brevity and simplicity, accompanied by an optometric examination measuring Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity. The results indicate that although the majority of participants use some form of optical correction or aid, regular evaluations are necessary to achieve a balance and personal well-being for the individual. The study confirms that visual impairments negatively affect the quality of life of older adults and their ability to lead a normal daily life. The data suggest that using an adapted self-perception visual questionnaire is a useful tool for screening visual problems, thus providing more effective and personalized primary care.
Direction
VAZQUEZ SANCHEZ, MARIA COVADONGA (Tutorships)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Co-tutorships)
VAZQUEZ SANCHEZ, MARIA COVADONGA (Tutorships)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Chairman)
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Chairman)
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)