Child and Adolescent Medicine: Pediatrics II

Generals
Know the growth, maturation, development and normal function of the different devices, organs and systems from the neonatal period to the end of adolescence.
Know and acquire the corresponding skills and attitudes for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the main pathological situations with a comprehensive biopsychosocial vision throughout the pediatric age.

Specific
- Show and define the official vaccination calendar in Pediatrics and vaccination guidelines in special situations.
- Define the most common infectious and non-infectious respiratory pathology in childhood, its presentation, its symptoms, etiology, characteristics according to age and treatment.
- Define the most frequent infectious and non-infectious renal and urinary tract pathology in childhood, its presentation, its symptoms, etiology, characteristics according to age and treatment.
- Define the most common digestive pathology in childhood, its presentation, its symptoms, etiology, characteristics according to age and treatment.
- Define the most frequent endocrinological pathology in childhood, its presentation, its symptomatology, etiology, characteristics according to age and treatment.
- Define the most frequent neurological pathology in childhood, its presentation, its symptomatology, etiology, characteristics according to age and treatment.
- Define the most frequent hemato-oncological pathology in childhood, its presentation, its symptomatology, etiology, characteristics according to age and treatment.
- Define the most frequent cardiological pathology in childhood, its presentation, its symptomatology, etiology, characteristics according to age and treatment
- Explain the urgency and social pathology of greater pediatric relevance
- Show the most prevalent surgical pathology in pediatric age
- Show the first steps towards pediatric genetics

CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MEDICINE II

Theoretical program (46 topics-42 hours)

1. Vaccine Calendar. New perspectives in pediatric infectology: genomics and vaccination.
2. Acute respiratory infections in the child. Generalities Specific anatomo-physiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of respiratory disorders in children.
3. Upper respiratory tract infections and their differential diagnosis: Common cold, Sinusitis, and pharyngotonsillitis, Otitis and mastoiditis. Otoantritis / mastoiditis.
4. Lower respiratory tract infections and their differential diagnosis: Laryngitis, Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia).
5. Urinary infection in the child. Generalities Specific anatomo-physiological aspects of urinary tract disorders in children. Epidemiology, clinical and diagnosis. Treatment of acute infection. Detection of associated anomalies. Recurrence prevention.
6. Asthma and asthmatic status.
7. Cystic fibrosis.
8. Proteinuria and Hematuria in the pediatric age.
9. Gastroesophageal reflux.
10. Acute diarrhea.
11. Chronic diarrhea. Cystic fibrosis.
12. Celiac disease.
13. Adverse reactions to food. Food allergies Food intolerance: to cow's milk proteins.
14. Abdominal pain Alterations in the absorption of carbohydrates. Lactase deficit.
15. Constipation.
16. Vomiting Inflammatory Bowel Disease
17. Assessment of normal growth. Anthropometry. Assessment of bone maturation. Assessment of sexual maturation. Interpretation of auxological data. Prediction of adult size.
18. Short size. Causes. Assessment. Treatment.
19. Pathology of growth hormone. Causes of deficit and alteration in action. Diagnosis. Treatment.
20. Precocious puberty. Definition. Physiological variants Causes of precocious central and peripheral puberty. Diagnosis. Treatment. Gynecomastia. Physiological and pathological. Diagnosis. Treatment.
21. Mellitus Diabetes
22. Hypothyroidism. Definition. Frequency. Causes of congenital and acquired hypothyroidism. Clinic. Diagnosis. Treatment. Neonatal screening
23. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Definition. Deficit of P450 oxidoreductase. Congenital lipoid hyperplasia. Deficit of 17 - & # 945; -hydroxylase: P450c17. Deficit of 3 - & # 946; -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. 11 - & # 946; -hydroxylase deficiency: P450c11. 21 - & # 945; -hydroxylase deficiency: P450c21. Treatment of the different forms.
24. Morphological and functional neurodevelopment.
25. Assessment of neurodevelopment. Neurodevelopmental lag: psychomotor retardation and cerebral palsy.
26. The family tree. Main Pediatric Dysmorphic Syndromes. Chromosomal abnormalities and embryofetopathies.
27. Malformations of the Central Nervous System and its bone envelope. Dyscranias: microcephaly, macrocephaly, craniosynostosis. Hydrocephalus and neural tube closure defects.
28. Endocranial hypertension syndrome. Brain tumors.
29. Epilepsy and seizures. Feverish convulsions.
30. Neuromuscular diseases: muscular dystrophies, myotonia, spinal muscular atrophies.
31. Nutritional anemias in pediatrics: iron deficiency anemia.
32. Nutritional anemias in non-iron deficiency pediatrics.
33. Cancer in Pediatrics. Epidemiology. Common symptoms of cancer in Pediatrics.
34. Leukemia in pediatric age.
35. Solid tumors in pediatric age: nephroblastoma, neuroblastoma, lymphoma, rhabdomyosaroma, bone tumors, Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
36. Hemorrhagic diseases in pediatric age.
37. Hemophilia and von Willebrand disease.
38. Gene-urinary surgical pathology: Phimosis. Balanitis Hypospadias Epispadias Penile rotation. Acute scrotum.
39. Inguino-scrotal surgical pathology: Inguinal hernia. Hydrocele Cryptorchidism Testicle not descended.
40. Malformative surgical pathology of the digestive tract: Meckel's diverticulum. Umbilical abnormalities (Remains of the omphalomesenteric duct (yolk), Remains of the uraco, Umbilical hernia, Granuloma / polyp, Omphalocele, Gastroschisis. Differential Diagnosis of the umbilical masses). Hypetrophic Pyloric Stenosis. Intestinal atresias and diaphragmatic hernia.
41. Acute abdomen: Acute appendicitis. Intestinal Invagination Intestinal malrotation
42. Megacolon or Hirschprung's disease.
43. Heart failure.
44. Congenital heart disease.
45. Accidents and poisonings. Foreign bodies in the airway.
46. ​​The abused child. Child abandonment

Basic and complementary bibliography
Recommended textbooks
Basic
* CRUZ (Manual of Pediatrics, 4 edition 2020)

Generals
* CRUZ (Treaty of Pediatrics 11th edition 2014).
* NELSON (Treaty of Pediatrics, 21th edition 2020).
* Illustrated Textbook of Paediatrics, 5 Ed. Lissauer T, Will Carroll W (eds). Elsevier 2017

In addition, teachers will provide sufficient complementary bibliographic material in advance depending on the topics taught.

The student must know that the child is a human being in growth, maturation and development with special physiological, pathological and semiological components.

Acquisition of specific skills both in the history and for the diagnosis and treatment in the pediatric age of the different pathologies.

Learning outcomes
Acquisition of specific skills both in the history, as for the assessment of normal and pathological growth and development, as well as for the diagnosis and treatment in the pediatric age of the different pathologies.

• Contribute to the maintenance and improvement of the health of the child population.
• Know the principles and foundations of child growth and development as well as nutrition in different pediatric ages.
• Train the student for the correct preparation of the clinical history, with special emphasis on the particular aspects of the pediatric history.
• Know the characteristics of the various diseases in the pediatric age.
• Provide the student with the ability to recognize frequent situations of pediatric emergency and immediate actions to be taken.

Expository classes, seminars and clinical practice, with the use of simulation.

Teaching can be face-to-face or non-face-to-face according to the scenarios contemplated in the “Guidelines for or development of safe face-to-face teaching. Course 2020-2021 ”and the“ Bases for the development of a safe face-to-face teaching shower. Course 2020-2021 "

The formative activities of exposition of knowledge and procedures and of individual study of the student will be evaluated by means of a written test, that will suppose 90% of the final mark. It will be carried out using an objective multiple-choice test of four options with a single true answer. Each correct answer adds 1 point and is penalized by subtracting 0.33 points for each incorrect answer. The estimated time to complete the exercise is one minute per question.

10% of the final mark will be obtained from the training activities in which students carry out some type of work or group or individual activity, which will be evaluated based on the documentation provided by the student (reports) and the activity carried out in the clinical practice, which will be evaluated based on the work done by the student, as well as the skills and attitudes shown during their performance.

The student must work his time of personal work in individual study, search of materials, elaboration of works and exhibition of materials, solution of problems and revision of the support material.

It is recommended to be able to read texts in English, as well as to have basic knowledge of working with a PC.

Contingency Plan

In the Teaching Methodology and in the Learning Assessment System, both synchronous and asynchronous telematic means will be used in order to contemplate the possibility of implementing the three possible scenarios:

normality, scenario 2 and scenario 3