Investigating the potential role of IGF-ALS (Insulin-Like Growth Factor Acid-Labile Subunit) in moderate to severe allergic asthma
Authorship
I.G.B.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
I.G.B.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 10:00
07.18.2024 10:00
Summary
Asthma is a chronic disease with a prevalence of 4,3%. IGF-ALS is a biomarker of severe allergic phenotype, but it is unknown whether it participates in the pathophysiological mechanism (i.e., primary biomarker) or not. The severity of asthma could be dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a phenomenon that might be involved in bronchial remodeling, and IGF-ALS could cooperate with LPS and TGFb in the induction of this process. If confirmed, IGF-ALS should be produced near bronchial epithelial cells, and macrophages could be a possible source. To validate both hypotheses, human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were treated with IGF-ALS, LPS, and TGFb, alone or in combination with inhibitors of TGFb- or LPS-induced signaling, and various studies were conducted to analyze the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Additionally, human monocytes were isolated and polarized in vitro to M1/M2 macrophages, evaluating the expression of the IGF-ALS gene by RT-qPCR. The results show that IGF-ALS reduces E-cadherin levels in BEAS-2B cells, which is consistent with the existence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and may use a signaling pathway similar to that used by LPS/CD14/TLR4. Finally, macrophages express IGF-ALS mRNA, especially M2, suggesting they could be a local source of this protein in the bronchial tissue of patients with moderate to severe asthma.
Asthma is a chronic disease with a prevalence of 4,3%. IGF-ALS is a biomarker of severe allergic phenotype, but it is unknown whether it participates in the pathophysiological mechanism (i.e., primary biomarker) or not. The severity of asthma could be dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a phenomenon that might be involved in bronchial remodeling, and IGF-ALS could cooperate with LPS and TGFb in the induction of this process. If confirmed, IGF-ALS should be produced near bronchial epithelial cells, and macrophages could be a possible source. To validate both hypotheses, human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were treated with IGF-ALS, LPS, and TGFb, alone or in combination with inhibitors of TGFb- or LPS-induced signaling, and various studies were conducted to analyze the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Additionally, human monocytes were isolated and polarized in vitro to M1/M2 macrophages, evaluating the expression of the IGF-ALS gene by RT-qPCR. The results show that IGF-ALS reduces E-cadherin levels in BEAS-2B cells, which is consistent with the existence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and may use a signaling pathway similar to that used by LPS/CD14/TLR4. Finally, macrophages express IGF-ALS mRNA, especially M2, suggesting they could be a local source of this protein in the bronchial tissue of patients with moderate to severe asthma.
Direction
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Tutorships)
Miguéns Suárez, Pablo (Co-tutorships)
NIETO FONTARIGO, JUAN JOSE (Tutorships)
Miguéns Suárez, Pablo (Co-tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ TORANZO, MARIA ALICIA CAROLINA (Chairman)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
ESTEVEZ TORANZO, MARIA ALICIA CAROLINA (Chairman)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
Identification of lactate-producing microbial communities in anaerobic fermentation
Authorship
X.G.D.D.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
X.G.D.D.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 10:00
07.18.2024 10:00
Summary
The valorization of waste and by-products through anaerobic fermentation represents a promising strategy to transform organic carbon into products with high added value, contributing to a circular economy. Metabolic pathways that have lactate as an intermediate and give rise to volatile fatty acids are particularly relevant because they allow greater selectivity towards odd chain acids and greater production of medium chain acids through the chain elongation mechanism. The experiments were designed according to the metabolic pathways and factors that favor lactate production. The 16S amplicons were sequenced and the microbial populations involved in the conversion of organic carbon via lactate were characterized by analyzing the reactor over time. The technique used was DNA sequencing using metabarcoding. The alpha and beta structure and diversity of the microbial community, the common and stable microbiome under all conditions in which significant amounts of lactate as an intermediate are produced, were studied. The results obtained indicate that the Firmicutes phylum, specifically the Bacilli class, is related to the production of lactic acid in anaerobic fermentation. This approach will allow a deep understanding of how to optimize anaerobic fermentation for the production of valuable compounds and how microbial communities contribute to these processes. The results may have practical applications in the design of more efficient and sustainable biorefineries.
The valorization of waste and by-products through anaerobic fermentation represents a promising strategy to transform organic carbon into products with high added value, contributing to a circular economy. Metabolic pathways that have lactate as an intermediate and give rise to volatile fatty acids are particularly relevant because they allow greater selectivity towards odd chain acids and greater production of medium chain acids through the chain elongation mechanism. The experiments were designed according to the metabolic pathways and factors that favor lactate production. The 16S amplicons were sequenced and the microbial populations involved in the conversion of organic carbon via lactate were characterized by analyzing the reactor over time. The technique used was DNA sequencing using metabarcoding. The alpha and beta structure and diversity of the microbial community, the common and stable microbiome under all conditions in which significant amounts of lactate as an intermediate are produced, were studied. The results obtained indicate that the Firmicutes phylum, specifically the Bacilli class, is related to the production of lactic acid in anaerobic fermentation. This approach will allow a deep understanding of how to optimize anaerobic fermentation for the production of valuable compounds and how microbial communities contribute to these processes. The results may have practical applications in the design of more efficient and sustainable biorefineries.
Direction
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Tutorships)
MAURICIO IGLESIAS, MIGUEL (Co-tutorships)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Tutorships)
MAURICIO IGLESIAS, MIGUEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ TORANZO, MARIA ALICIA CAROLINA (Chairman)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
ESTEVEZ TORANZO, MARIA ALICIA CAROLINA (Chairman)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever: systematic review and situation in Spain
Authorship
N.M.V.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
N.M.V.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 10:00
07.18.2024 10:00
Summary
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever is a viral zoonotic disease transmitted by Hyalomma genus ticks. The disease is endemic in areas of southern Europe, Asia and Africa, but globalisation is causing the emergence of cases in other places, including Spain. Since infected ticks parasitize several hosts but humans are the only ones that develop the disease after infection, it is necessary to evaluate the risk of human infection by the virus. Taking into account that Spain has experimented 12 cases of human infection to date, 4 of them fatalities, it is interesting to assess the risk associated with the spread of the disease across the country. Therefore, a necessity arises to carry out the present project. Through a systematic review and search for additional information, not only a snapshot of the most relevant current information associated with the disease is provided, but also an assessment of the virus mobility in the Spanish territory, in the light of threats such as climate change or migration. Results suggest a migration of the viral vectors towards the North of the peninsula in the short-term, but that we should not underestimate the potential of the virus although the risk of human infection is not expected to alarmingly increase.
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever is a viral zoonotic disease transmitted by Hyalomma genus ticks. The disease is endemic in areas of southern Europe, Asia and Africa, but globalisation is causing the emergence of cases in other places, including Spain. Since infected ticks parasitize several hosts but humans are the only ones that develop the disease after infection, it is necessary to evaluate the risk of human infection by the virus. Taking into account that Spain has experimented 12 cases of human infection to date, 4 of them fatalities, it is interesting to assess the risk associated with the spread of the disease across the country. Therefore, a necessity arises to carry out the present project. Through a systematic review and search for additional information, not only a snapshot of the most relevant current information associated with the disease is provided, but also an assessment of the virus mobility in the Spanish territory, in the light of threats such as climate change or migration. Results suggest a migration of the viral vectors towards the North of the peninsula in the short-term, but that we should not underestimate the potential of the virus although the risk of human infection is not expected to alarmingly increase.
Direction
López Romalde, Jesús Ángel (Tutorships)
López Romalde, Jesús Ángel (Tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ TORANZO, MARIA ALICIA CAROLINA (Chairman)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
ESTEVEZ TORANZO, MARIA ALICIA CAROLINA (Chairman)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
Antimicrobial activity of synthetic hydrogels encapsulating antibiotics
Authorship
N.R.C.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
N.R.C.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 10:00
07.18.2024 10:00
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern due to the diffusion of multi-resistant bacterial strains and the difficulties associated with the development of new therapies. In this context, hydrogels with antibiotics and other encapsulated antimicrobials are presented as an innovative and promising solution. This work analyzes the use of hydrogels to improve the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments and reduce the appearance of resistance through a controlled and sustained release of drugs. The main objective was to carry out an exhaustive bibliographic review on the advances in the development of hydrogels that encapsulate antimicrobials. The specific objectives include reviewing the mechanism of formation of hydrogels and their different types, studying their ability to encapsulate drugs and exploring the possible biomedical applications of these hydrogels. To do this, a systematic bibliographic review was carried out using academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. According to the analyzed literature, synthetic hydrogels with encapsulated antibiotics represent an innovative strategy to improve the administration of antimicrobials and combat bacterial resistance. They have potential applications in the treatment of infections, as well as in tissue engineering and even in the food industry. However, more studies are required to overcome technical challenges and evaluate their effectiveness in real clinical applications.
Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern due to the diffusion of multi-resistant bacterial strains and the difficulties associated with the development of new therapies. In this context, hydrogels with antibiotics and other encapsulated antimicrobials are presented as an innovative and promising solution. This work analyzes the use of hydrogels to improve the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments and reduce the appearance of resistance through a controlled and sustained release of drugs. The main objective was to carry out an exhaustive bibliographic review on the advances in the development of hydrogels that encapsulate antimicrobials. The specific objectives include reviewing the mechanism of formation of hydrogels and their different types, studying their ability to encapsulate drugs and exploring the possible biomedical applications of these hydrogels. To do this, a systematic bibliographic review was carried out using academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. According to the analyzed literature, synthetic hydrogels with encapsulated antibiotics represent an innovative strategy to improve the administration of antimicrobials and combat bacterial resistance. They have potential applications in the treatment of infections, as well as in tissue engineering and even in the food industry. However, more studies are required to overcome technical challenges and evaluate their effectiveness in real clinical applications.
Direction
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
AFONSO LAGES, MARTA CAROLINA (Co-tutorships)
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
AFONSO LAGES, MARTA CAROLINA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ TORANZO, MARIA ALICIA CAROLINA (Chairman)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
ESTEVEZ TORANZO, MARIA ALICIA CAROLINA (Chairman)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
Impact of FoxM1 overexpression in cellular senescence
Authorship
A.P.G.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
A.P.G.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Senescence is a stable cellular state triggered by various factors, such as genetic damage or cellular stress, in which cells stop proliferating. Although these cells remain metabolically active, they cease to divide. The accumulation of senescent cells is a crucial phenomenon in the aging process. On the other hand, FoxM1 is a transcription factor that plays key roles in the regulation of the cell cycle. Previous studies have shown that this factor plays an important role in delaying the aging process, thus extending the lifespan and quality of life in mice. The objectives of this project focus on understanding how the overexpression of the FoxM1 gene impacts senescent cells. Based on observations from previous studies, it was hypothesized that inducing its expression could delay or attenuate the senescent phenotype. Thus, an inducible overexpression system was sought to be established in vitro through lentiviral transduction techniques and subsequently evaluate changes in cell proliferation and other biomarkers associated with senescence. Even though the expression system worked correctly, and the cultures overexpressed FoxM1, our results were not able to demonstrate changes favourable to the initial hypothesis. This work has shown that the overexpression of FoxM1 accelerated the onset of senescence due to replicative stress and did not achieve any senomorphic effect. These findings could have implications for future research on the functions of this transcription factor in the field of cellular and molecular biology.
Senescence is a stable cellular state triggered by various factors, such as genetic damage or cellular stress, in which cells stop proliferating. Although these cells remain metabolically active, they cease to divide. The accumulation of senescent cells is a crucial phenomenon in the aging process. On the other hand, FoxM1 is a transcription factor that plays key roles in the regulation of the cell cycle. Previous studies have shown that this factor plays an important role in delaying the aging process, thus extending the lifespan and quality of life in mice. The objectives of this project focus on understanding how the overexpression of the FoxM1 gene impacts senescent cells. Based on observations from previous studies, it was hypothesized that inducing its expression could delay or attenuate the senescent phenotype. Thus, an inducible overexpression system was sought to be established in vitro through lentiviral transduction techniques and subsequently evaluate changes in cell proliferation and other biomarkers associated with senescence. Even though the expression system worked correctly, and the cultures overexpressed FoxM1, our results were not able to demonstrate changes favourable to the initial hypothesis. This work has shown that the overexpression of FoxM1 accelerated the onset of senescence due to replicative stress and did not achieve any senomorphic effect. These findings could have implications for future research on the functions of this transcription factor in the field of cellular and molecular biology.
Direction
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Collado Rodríguez, Manuel (Co-tutorships)
DA SILVA ALVAREZ, SABELA (Co-tutorships)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Collado Rodríguez, Manuel (Co-tutorships)
DA SILVA ALVAREZ, SABELA (Co-tutorships)
Court
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Member)
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Member)
Study of the role of p16 as an inducer of cellular senescence for new anti-tumor therapies
Authorship
I.P.S.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
I.P.S.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Cellular senescence is an antitumor response that cancer cells must overcome on their path to malignant conversion. Reactivating this response during cancer treatment could be an effective way to restrict tumor growth. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are essential regulators of the cell cycle, and anticancer drugs that mimic the activity of natural CDK inhibitors (CDKis) are being successfully developed. One of the best-known CDKis is p16, which acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) by CDK4 and CDK6, causing cell cycle arrest and senescence. In this study, inducible high levels of p16 were expressed to determine if its expression is sufficient to induce senescence in tumor cells and and whether this senescence is reversible by switching off p16. Robust overexpression of p16, although it reduced proliferation, was not sufficient to induce cell cycle arrest in MCF7 or A549 cells, and pRb remained hyperphosphorylated. To test for the presence of mutations in this pathway that could be preventing cell cycle arrest, cells were treated with palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor similar to p16. This treatment successfully induced cell cycle arrest and senescence. Coimmunoprecipitation assays were also performed to verify if p16 was bound to its target CDK4. Although the immunoprecipitation of p16 showed the coimmunoprecipitation of CDK4, the detection of p16 was minimal or absent when CDK4 was immunoprecipitated. These results may indicate that CDK4 activity in these cancer cells is much higher than the amount of overexpressed p16, and that treatment with palbociclib is a more powerfull strategy to block CDK4/6 activity in tumor cells.
Cellular senescence is an antitumor response that cancer cells must overcome on their path to malignant conversion. Reactivating this response during cancer treatment could be an effective way to restrict tumor growth. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are essential regulators of the cell cycle, and anticancer drugs that mimic the activity of natural CDK inhibitors (CDKis) are being successfully developed. One of the best-known CDKis is p16, which acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) by CDK4 and CDK6, causing cell cycle arrest and senescence. In this study, inducible high levels of p16 were expressed to determine if its expression is sufficient to induce senescence in tumor cells and and whether this senescence is reversible by switching off p16. Robust overexpression of p16, although it reduced proliferation, was not sufficient to induce cell cycle arrest in MCF7 or A549 cells, and pRb remained hyperphosphorylated. To test for the presence of mutations in this pathway that could be preventing cell cycle arrest, cells were treated with palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor similar to p16. This treatment successfully induced cell cycle arrest and senescence. Coimmunoprecipitation assays were also performed to verify if p16 was bound to its target CDK4. Although the immunoprecipitation of p16 showed the coimmunoprecipitation of CDK4, the detection of p16 was minimal or absent when CDK4 was immunoprecipitated. These results may indicate that CDK4 activity in these cancer cells is much higher than the amount of overexpressed p16, and that treatment with palbociclib is a more powerfull strategy to block CDK4/6 activity in tumor cells.
Direction
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Collado Rodríguez, Manuel (Co-tutorships)
DA SILVA ALVAREZ, SABELA (Co-tutorships)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Collado Rodríguez, Manuel (Co-tutorships)
DA SILVA ALVAREZ, SABELA (Co-tutorships)
Court
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Member)
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Member)
Genomic Approaches for the Diagnosis of Patients with Rare Diseases: Exome Reevaluation and First Genome Sequencing Analysis
Authorship
C.R.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
C.R.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Rare diseases are a challenge for the health system, affecting millions of people, with most cases due to genetic causes. These disorders are difficult to diagnose based on phenotypic characteristics, highlighting the role of genetic testing. Whole exome sequencing analysis has revolutionized the identification of genetic variations, significantly advancing the field of personalized medicine by allowing the analysis of a large number of genes. However, some cases remain undiagnosed, driving the development of whole genome sequencing. The aim of the study is to reevaluate exome data from patients without a confirmed genetic diagnosis and to optimize a genome filtering protocol in previously undiagnosed patients. Both the reevaluation of exomes and the prioritization of point variants identified through genome sequencing were based on pathogenicity filters, allele frequency, variant type, clinical implication, inheritance, and gene panels. Exome data from a total of 20 pediatric patients with a neurological phenotype were reevaluated. Causal variants were identified in two patients. One in the PAK1 gene, associated with Intellectual Developmental Disorder, macrocephaly, seizures, and speech delay. The other in the MED13L gene, associated with moderate to severe intellectual disability and distinctive facial features, with or without congenital heart defects. Genome analysis in undiagnosed patients identified a variant in the RNU4-2 gene in two patients, recently associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. This work thus demonstrates the utility of exome reevaluation and whole genome analysis in the diagnosis of rare diseases, highlighting the importance of designing efficient filtering protocols and the need for future research to analyze other types of genomic variants.
Rare diseases are a challenge for the health system, affecting millions of people, with most cases due to genetic causes. These disorders are difficult to diagnose based on phenotypic characteristics, highlighting the role of genetic testing. Whole exome sequencing analysis has revolutionized the identification of genetic variations, significantly advancing the field of personalized medicine by allowing the analysis of a large number of genes. However, some cases remain undiagnosed, driving the development of whole genome sequencing. The aim of the study is to reevaluate exome data from patients without a confirmed genetic diagnosis and to optimize a genome filtering protocol in previously undiagnosed patients. Both the reevaluation of exomes and the prioritization of point variants identified through genome sequencing were based on pathogenicity filters, allele frequency, variant type, clinical implication, inheritance, and gene panels. Exome data from a total of 20 pediatric patients with a neurological phenotype were reevaluated. Causal variants were identified in two patients. One in the PAK1 gene, associated with Intellectual Developmental Disorder, macrocephaly, seizures, and speech delay. The other in the MED13L gene, associated with moderate to severe intellectual disability and distinctive facial features, with or without congenital heart defects. Genome analysis in undiagnosed patients identified a variant in the RNU4-2 gene in two patients, recently associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. This work thus demonstrates the utility of exome reevaluation and whole genome analysis in the diagnosis of rare diseases, highlighting the importance of designing efficient filtering protocols and the need for future research to analyze other types of genomic variants.
Direction
VIÑAS DIAZ, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
Barros Angueira, Francisco (Co-tutorships)
Álvarez Barona, Miriam (Co-tutorships)
VIÑAS DIAZ, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
Barros Angueira, Francisco (Co-tutorships)
Álvarez Barona, Miriam (Co-tutorships)
Court
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Member)
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Member)
Role of acetyltransferases (CBP and Ep300) in the development and maintenance of myelin of the peripheral nervous system.
Authorship
N.R.B.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
N.R.B.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells form the myelin sheath by wrapping their membranes around the axon, which favours the transmission of the nerve impulse. The development process of Schwann cells comprises several stages: Schwann cell precursors, immature Schwann cells and, finally, myelinating or non-myelinating cells (depending on the diameter of the associated axon). In rodents, myelination occurs after birth and requires, among other things, the activation of certain transcriptional programs. These programs have been extensively studied, but less attention has been paid to epigenetic regulation. The transcriptional coactivators CBP and Ep300 are responsible for acetylation of histones, which leads to the opening of the chromatin structure, and other proteins that compose the transcriptional complexes. Additionally, they serve as bridges between various transcription factors and the RNA polymerase II complex. The role of these acetyltransferases in embryonic development has already been demonstrated, so in this work it will be studied their role in Schwann cells development and in the myelination of the peripheral nervous system. For this purpose, a mouse model lacking the genes for CBP and Ep300 proteins was characterized. The nerve size was measured in optical microscopy images, transmission electron microscopy images were analysed and a Western blot was made to look for differences in the expression of proteins involved in myelination. This work has shown that the absence of CBP and Ep300 proteins causes a reduction in nerve size and defects in the development of mature Schwann cells, and consequently, in the myelination of the peripheral nervous system.
In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells form the myelin sheath by wrapping their membranes around the axon, which favours the transmission of the nerve impulse. The development process of Schwann cells comprises several stages: Schwann cell precursors, immature Schwann cells and, finally, myelinating or non-myelinating cells (depending on the diameter of the associated axon). In rodents, myelination occurs after birth and requires, among other things, the activation of certain transcriptional programs. These programs have been extensively studied, but less attention has been paid to epigenetic regulation. The transcriptional coactivators CBP and Ep300 are responsible for acetylation of histones, which leads to the opening of the chromatin structure, and other proteins that compose the transcriptional complexes. Additionally, they serve as bridges between various transcription factors and the RNA polymerase II complex. The role of these acetyltransferases in embryonic development has already been demonstrated, so in this work it will be studied their role in Schwann cells development and in the myelination of the peripheral nervous system. For this purpose, a mouse model lacking the genes for CBP and Ep300 proteins was characterized. The nerve size was measured in optical microscopy images, transmission electron microscopy images were analysed and a Western blot was made to look for differences in the expression of proteins involved in myelination. This work has shown that the absence of CBP and Ep300 proteins causes a reduction in nerve size and defects in the development of mature Schwann cells, and consequently, in the myelination of the peripheral nervous system.
Direction
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Tutorships)
VELASCO AVILES, SERGIO (Co-tutorships)
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Tutorships)
VELASCO AVILES, SERGIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Member)
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Member)
Study of the presence of the FN14 protein in ex-vivo rat retinas.
Authorship
A.C.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
A.C.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.18.2024 16:30
07.18.2024 16:30
Summary
The TWEAK/FN14 (TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis / fibroblast growth factor-inducible-14) signaling pathway is known for its relationship with various processes of inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis in various tissues in a multitude of organisms. Recently, its involvement in permeability changes associated with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been reported and it has also been related to the retina in human and mouse models. Because the internal blood-retinal barrier (BHR) and the BBB share various physiological characteristics, the objective of this work was to localize the FN14 protein in the internal BHR in rat retinas, with the aim of seeking new perspectives in the study of this receptor in neurological pathological processes. For this, the processes for obtaining retinal flat-mounts were optimized, on which immunofluorescence was performed to label the endothelial cells and astrocytes that make up the internal BHR. The results indicated effective labeling of these cells even with the lowest concentration of antibody used, which allowed a very good visualization of the barrier. However, no associated fluorescence was observed for FN14 in any of the labels, suggesting its absence in this tissue under the conditions used. The results point out the importance of correcting and adapting the protocols to improve the quality of the samples and the efficiency of the assays. Furthermore, it is of great relevance to continue research related to FN14 in different experimental conditions, which could influence its expression in the retina. These studies open the doors to future investigations into the potential of FN14 as a therapeutic target in diseases associated with the internal BHR and the BBB.
The TWEAK/FN14 (TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis / fibroblast growth factor-inducible-14) signaling pathway is known for its relationship with various processes of inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis in various tissues in a multitude of organisms. Recently, its involvement in permeability changes associated with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been reported and it has also been related to the retina in human and mouse models. Because the internal blood-retinal barrier (BHR) and the BBB share various physiological characteristics, the objective of this work was to localize the FN14 protein in the internal BHR in rat retinas, with the aim of seeking new perspectives in the study of this receptor in neurological pathological processes. For this, the processes for obtaining retinal flat-mounts were optimized, on which immunofluorescence was performed to label the endothelial cells and astrocytes that make up the internal BHR. The results indicated effective labeling of these cells even with the lowest concentration of antibody used, which allowed a very good visualization of the barrier. However, no associated fluorescence was observed for FN14 in any of the labels, suggesting its absence in this tissue under the conditions used. The results point out the importance of correcting and adapting the protocols to improve the quality of the samples and the efficiency of the assays. Furthermore, it is of great relevance to continue research related to FN14 in different experimental conditions, which could influence its expression in the retina. These studies open the doors to future investigations into the potential of FN14 as a therapeutic target in diseases associated with the internal BHR and the BBB.
Direction
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Tutorships)
Alonso Alonso, Mª Luz (Co-tutorships)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Tutorships)
Alonso Alonso, Mª Luz (Co-tutorships)
Court
SINEIRO TORRES, JORGE (Chairman)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Secretary)
VAAMONDE LONGUEIRA, JOSÉ FRANCISCO (Member)
SINEIRO TORRES, JORGE (Chairman)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Secretary)
VAAMONDE LONGUEIRA, JOSÉ FRANCISCO (Member)
Evaluation of the efficacy of antibiofilm compounds against biofilm of Listeria monocytogenes
Authorship
D.F.C.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
D.F.C.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.18.2024 16:30
07.18.2024 16:30
Summary
Gram-positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne human pathogen that can cause a disease called listeriosis. This pathogen’s capacity of forming biofilms which allow it to stay attached to surfaces and resist external conditions makes its elimination a relevant topic within the food industry. It has been observed that biofilm formation could be influenced be the presence in the media of acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), quorum sensing signals produced by Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, taking into consideration the composition of the biofilm’s matrix, there are enzymes that could have a matrix disruptor effect and help with its treatment. In this paper, strains from L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii have been grown in the presence of AHLs and various matrix disruptor enzymes to test their effect on biofilm formation, which was quantified using Crystal violet (CV). No clear effect of the acyl homoserine lactones could be observed on biofilm formation of L. moncytogenes strains, although the presence of lactonase Aii20J promoted biofilm formation. Regarding Listeria ivanovii’s strain, it could be seen how short chain AHLs promoted biofilm formation, showing differences between species in AHLs response. Meanwhile, enzymes alpha-amylase and DNase I proved their ability to inhibit the bacteria’s biofilm formation more efficiently than commercial enzymatic compounds. These results point to the use of enzymes as a method for L. monocytogenes biofilm formation prevention. In addition, Aii20J’s effect seems to show that other molecules similar to AHLs and degradable by said enzyme could be involved in biofilm formation.
Gram-positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne human pathogen that can cause a disease called listeriosis. This pathogen’s capacity of forming biofilms which allow it to stay attached to surfaces and resist external conditions makes its elimination a relevant topic within the food industry. It has been observed that biofilm formation could be influenced be the presence in the media of acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), quorum sensing signals produced by Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, taking into consideration the composition of the biofilm’s matrix, there are enzymes that could have a matrix disruptor effect and help with its treatment. In this paper, strains from L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii have been grown in the presence of AHLs and various matrix disruptor enzymes to test their effect on biofilm formation, which was quantified using Crystal violet (CV). No clear effect of the acyl homoserine lactones could be observed on biofilm formation of L. moncytogenes strains, although the presence of lactonase Aii20J promoted biofilm formation. Regarding Listeria ivanovii’s strain, it could be seen how short chain AHLs promoted biofilm formation, showing differences between species in AHLs response. Meanwhile, enzymes alpha-amylase and DNase I proved their ability to inhibit the bacteria’s biofilm formation more efficiently than commercial enzymatic compounds. These results point to the use of enzymes as a method for L. monocytogenes biofilm formation prevention. In addition, Aii20J’s effect seems to show that other molecules similar to AHLs and degradable by said enzyme could be involved in biofilm formation.
Direction
ROMERO BERNARDEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Co-tutorships)
SILVA BEA, SERGIO (Co-tutorships)
ROMERO BERNARDEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Co-tutorships)
SILVA BEA, SERGIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
SINEIRO TORRES, JORGE (Chairman)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Secretary)
VAAMONDE LONGUEIRA, JOSÉ FRANCISCO (Member)
SINEIRO TORRES, JORGE (Chairman)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Secretary)
VAAMONDE LONGUEIRA, JOSÉ FRANCISCO (Member)
Study of the replication and stability regions of the pA-162 plasmid from Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae for the design of new recombinant vectors
Authorship
M.G.A.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
M.G.A.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.18.2024 16:30
07.18.2024 16:30
Summary
Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd) is a generalist pathogen that causes disease in various marine animal species and occasionally in humans. The genetic tools available for the genetic modification of Pdd, as well as other marine bacteria, are scarce and heavily biased towards model bacteria such as Escherichia coli. For this reason, it is necessary to expand the knowledge of plasmids present in Pdd and develop new tools in genetic engineering. In previous studies, a minimalist plasmid (2963 bp) of the MRB family (Marine RNA-Based) was identified in the Pdd strain A-162. This work investigated the pA-162 plasmid, composed of an origin of replication (oriV) and two ORFs (Open Reading Frames), to identify regions involved in its replication and stability. To do this, different sequences of the pA-162 plasmid were cloned into a modular vector and their stability was determined in the Pdd strains LD-07 and RM-71. We have demonstrated that a 649 bp region constitutes the minimal oriV, and it also showed high stability in the LD-07 strain even in the absence of selective pressure, making it a promising region for constructing a minimalist recombinant vector. Additionally, in LD-07, the presence of ORF2, in the absence of ORF1, led to a loss of stability. In the RM-71 strain, which carries the pPHDD1 plasmid, neither the complete pA-162 plasmid nor the different cloned regions are stable, suggesting the existence of an unknown underlying mechanism that limits the coexistence of both plasmids. It was demonstrated that the plasmid carrying the oriV region of pA-162 is functional in Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, and A. veronii, extending the use of this vector to other species of marine bacteria. However, it was only stable in V. anguillarum, suggesting the existence of Vibrionaceae-specific factors that could limit the host range of MRB replicons.
Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd) is a generalist pathogen that causes disease in various marine animal species and occasionally in humans. The genetic tools available for the genetic modification of Pdd, as well as other marine bacteria, are scarce and heavily biased towards model bacteria such as Escherichia coli. For this reason, it is necessary to expand the knowledge of plasmids present in Pdd and develop new tools in genetic engineering. In previous studies, a minimalist plasmid (2963 bp) of the MRB family (Marine RNA-Based) was identified in the Pdd strain A-162. This work investigated the pA-162 plasmid, composed of an origin of replication (oriV) and two ORFs (Open Reading Frames), to identify regions involved in its replication and stability. To do this, different sequences of the pA-162 plasmid were cloned into a modular vector and their stability was determined in the Pdd strains LD-07 and RM-71. We have demonstrated that a 649 bp region constitutes the minimal oriV, and it also showed high stability in the LD-07 strain even in the absence of selective pressure, making it a promising region for constructing a minimalist recombinant vector. Additionally, in LD-07, the presence of ORF2, in the absence of ORF1, led to a loss of stability. In the RM-71 strain, which carries the pPHDD1 plasmid, neither the complete pA-162 plasmid nor the different cloned regions are stable, suggesting the existence of an unknown underlying mechanism that limits the coexistence of both plasmids. It was demonstrated that the plasmid carrying the oriV region of pA-162 is functional in Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, and A. veronii, extending the use of this vector to other species of marine bacteria. However, it was only stable in V. anguillarum, suggesting the existence of Vibrionaceae-specific factors that could limit the host range of MRB replicons.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Tutorships)
Vázquez Barca, Alba (Co-tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Tutorships)
Vázquez Barca, Alba (Co-tutorships)
Court
SINEIRO TORRES, JORGE (Chairman)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Secretary)
VAAMONDE LONGUEIRA, JOSÉ FRANCISCO (Member)
SINEIRO TORRES, JORGE (Chairman)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Secretary)
VAAMONDE LONGUEIRA, JOSÉ FRANCISCO (Member)
Production of odd-chain volatile fatty acids from an agrofood organic waste
Authorship
I.G.T.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
I.G.T.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.18.2024 16:30
07.18.2024 16:30
Summary
The creation of biorefinery platforms to revalue waste streams into value-added products is an ambitious goal in the transition towards a circular economy. The carboxylate platform, based on the anaerobic fermentation of organic waste, enables the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) with various applications, including their use as precursors for biodegradable bioplastics. The production of odd-chain VFAs (propionic and valeric acid) is particularly interesting as it allows the modification of these polymers' properties, providing them with greater elasticity. Due to the limitations in achieving high selectivity for odd-chain volatile fatty acids, there is a need to define an operational strategy that favors their synthesis and to understand the microbiota involved in the process. For this purpose, a screening of different wastes (beer lees, vinasse and whey) were screened based on their acidification potential and the molar fraction of odd-chain VFA obtained. Subsequently, the effect of pH and yeast extract supplementation on the selected residue, whey, was analysed. Finally, continuous production was analysed in a sequential reactor under different operating conditions: organic loading rate, pH and macronutrient supplementation. The results obtained demonstrate that the type of waste and pH are key parameters that determine substrate conversion and process selectivity. Additionally, the different operating conditions studied in the continuous reactor determined the spectrum of acids obtained, disfavoring the production of odd-chain acids with an increased organic loading rate. A balance between acidification and selectivity towards propionic acid was achieved at pH 7 with macronutrient supplementation. Furthermore, the presence of the Propionibacteriaceae family was correlated with greater efficiency in propionic acid production.
The creation of biorefinery platforms to revalue waste streams into value-added products is an ambitious goal in the transition towards a circular economy. The carboxylate platform, based on the anaerobic fermentation of organic waste, enables the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) with various applications, including their use as precursors for biodegradable bioplastics. The production of odd-chain VFAs (propionic and valeric acid) is particularly interesting as it allows the modification of these polymers' properties, providing them with greater elasticity. Due to the limitations in achieving high selectivity for odd-chain volatile fatty acids, there is a need to define an operational strategy that favors their synthesis and to understand the microbiota involved in the process. For this purpose, a screening of different wastes (beer lees, vinasse and whey) were screened based on their acidification potential and the molar fraction of odd-chain VFA obtained. Subsequently, the effect of pH and yeast extract supplementation on the selected residue, whey, was analysed. Finally, continuous production was analysed in a sequential reactor under different operating conditions: organic loading rate, pH and macronutrient supplementation. The results obtained demonstrate that the type of waste and pH are key parameters that determine substrate conversion and process selectivity. Additionally, the different operating conditions studied in the continuous reactor determined the spectrum of acids obtained, disfavoring the production of odd-chain acids with an increased organic loading rate. A balance between acidification and selectivity towards propionic acid was achieved at pH 7 with macronutrient supplementation. Furthermore, the presence of the Propionibacteriaceae family was correlated with greater efficiency in propionic acid production.
Direction
CARBALLA ARCOS, MARTA (Tutorships)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Co-tutorships)
CARBALLA ARCOS, MARTA (Tutorships)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Co-tutorships)
Court
SINEIRO TORRES, JORGE (Chairman)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Secretary)
VAAMONDE LONGUEIRA, JOSÉ FRANCISCO (Member)
SINEIRO TORRES, JORGE (Chairman)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Secretary)
VAAMONDE LONGUEIRA, JOSÉ FRANCISCO (Member)
The role of mitochondria in the cytotoxic effect of Ag5-AQCs.
Authorship
S.D.P.G.R.
Bachelor of Biology
S.D.P.G.R.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and it's important to find new more effective and specific treatments. Silver quantum clusters of five atoms (Ag5-AQCs) are presented as an alternative to conventional treatments because their action takes advantage of the altered redox homeostasis of cancer cells to induce oxidative stress and promote cell death. The cytotoxicity of these clusters is mediated by reactive oxygen species, which in hypoxia are neutralized by an increase in glutathione levels, resulting in a resistance of the cells to the cluster under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, we will study whether the inhibition of new glutathione synthesis with different compounds restores the sensitivity of the cells, using the A549 lung cancer cell line. The results showed that decreasing glutathione levels enhances the cytotoxicity of Ag5-AQCs in hypoxia. In addition, it was found that the inhibition of glutathione synthesis caused a type of iron-dependent cell death, ferroptosis, mediated by Ag5-AQCs under hypoxic conditions. So, these findings present an alternative to overcome the resistance of tumor cells to treatment in conditions of low oxygenation, common in many solid tumors. Thus, an effective treatment with Ag5-AQCs combined with glutathione synthesis inhibitors could provide a new way to combat cancers resistant to conventional treatments.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and it's important to find new more effective and specific treatments. Silver quantum clusters of five atoms (Ag5-AQCs) are presented as an alternative to conventional treatments because their action takes advantage of the altered redox homeostasis of cancer cells to induce oxidative stress and promote cell death. The cytotoxicity of these clusters is mediated by reactive oxygen species, which in hypoxia are neutralized by an increase in glutathione levels, resulting in a resistance of the cells to the cluster under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, we will study whether the inhibition of new glutathione synthesis with different compounds restores the sensitivity of the cells, using the A549 lung cancer cell line. The results showed that decreasing glutathione levels enhances the cytotoxicity of Ag5-AQCs in hypoxia. In addition, it was found that the inhibition of glutathione synthesis caused a type of iron-dependent cell death, ferroptosis, mediated by Ag5-AQCs under hypoxic conditions. So, these findings present an alternative to overcome the resistance of tumor cells to treatment in conditions of low oxygenation, common in many solid tumors. Thus, an effective treatment with Ag5-AQCs combined with glutathione synthesis inhibitors could provide a new way to combat cancers resistant to conventional treatments.
Direction
DOMINGUEZ PUENTE, FERNANDO (Tutorships)
PORTO GONZALEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ PUENTE, FERNANDO (Tutorships)
PORTO GONZALEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
Court
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Secretary)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Member)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Secretary)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Member)
Emergence of abstract thought in the genus Homo
Authorship
M.L.C.
Bachelor of Biology
M.L.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
The present Final Degree Project (TFG) aims to explain to what extent abstract thought influenced the evolution of the genus Homo and, more specifically, whether it was the cause of Homo sapiens escaping natural pressures to build their own world. Through a bibliographic review of articles framed within the sciences of Biological Anthropology, Psychology, or Archaeology, the different hypotheses that try to clarify the causes and consequences of the emergence of abstract thought were compared. The results emphasize the connection of this type of thought with tool making, language, learning, and social relationships. These processes collectively contributed to reshaping the brain and enhancing cognitive abilities throughout evolution. Abstract thought generates innovative methods that enable individuals to overcome adversities but also to transmit information and improve cooperation, all to increase survival. Studying it will help us to understand the trajectory of cognitive evolution in Homo sapiens and the journey through its sister lineages.
The present Final Degree Project (TFG) aims to explain to what extent abstract thought influenced the evolution of the genus Homo and, more specifically, whether it was the cause of Homo sapiens escaping natural pressures to build their own world. Through a bibliographic review of articles framed within the sciences of Biological Anthropology, Psychology, or Archaeology, the different hypotheses that try to clarify the causes and consequences of the emergence of abstract thought were compared. The results emphasize the connection of this type of thought with tool making, language, learning, and social relationships. These processes collectively contributed to reshaping the brain and enhancing cognitive abilities throughout evolution. Abstract thought generates innovative methods that enable individuals to overcome adversities but also to transmit information and improve cooperation, all to increase survival. Studying it will help us to understand the trajectory of cognitive evolution in Homo sapiens and the journey through its sister lineages.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Secretary)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Member)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Secretary)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Member)
Is it possible to improve the efficacy of conventional molluscicides by means of attractants and/or phagostimulants?
Authorship
M.G.S.
Bachelor of Biology
M.G.S.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:00
07.17.2024 16:00
Summary
For centuries and up to the present day, terrestrial gastropod pests have been a serious problem for crops. Various methods of control of these animals have been developed, the most prominent being chemical control, mainly based on the use of molluscicide baits. Other drawbacks of molluscicide baits include the fact that the very toxicity of the baits means that molluscs often ingest only a sublethal dose, which reduces their effectiveness in protecting crops from damage caused by slugs and snails. With this in mind, the aim of this work was to test whether it is possible to increase the efficacy of molluscicide baits by applying substances that could make the baits more attractive to molluscs. First, a series of experiments were carried out to determine whether the application of these substances to the baits had any effect on the amount of bait consumed by the Cornu aspersum snail, compared to the consumption of untreated control baits. Subsequently, the substances that showed positive results in the first experiments were tested in a second set of experiments to see if bait treatment also resulted in a lower consumption of plant food by the snails. The substances tested were beer, nettle infusion, cabbage infusion and cucumber juice, all of which are reported in the literature to have an attractive effect on gastropods. The results obtained indicate that the treatment of molluscicidal baits with beer or nettle infusion increases the consumption of the baits by the snails, and that this effect also leads to lower food consumption by the molluscs.
For centuries and up to the present day, terrestrial gastropod pests have been a serious problem for crops. Various methods of control of these animals have been developed, the most prominent being chemical control, mainly based on the use of molluscicide baits. Other drawbacks of molluscicide baits include the fact that the very toxicity of the baits means that molluscs often ingest only a sublethal dose, which reduces their effectiveness in protecting crops from damage caused by slugs and snails. With this in mind, the aim of this work was to test whether it is possible to increase the efficacy of molluscicide baits by applying substances that could make the baits more attractive to molluscs. First, a series of experiments were carried out to determine whether the application of these substances to the baits had any effect on the amount of bait consumed by the Cornu aspersum snail, compared to the consumption of untreated control baits. Subsequently, the substances that showed positive results in the first experiments were tested in a second set of experiments to see if bait treatment also resulted in a lower consumption of plant food by the snails. The substances tested were beer, nettle infusion, cabbage infusion and cucumber juice, all of which are reported in the literature to have an attractive effect on gastropods. The results obtained indicate that the treatment of molluscicidal baits with beer or nettle infusion increases the consumption of the baits by the snails, and that this effect also leads to lower food consumption by the molluscs.
Direction
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Chairman)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
AIRA RODRÍGUEZ, Mª JESÚS (Member)
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Chairman)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
AIRA RODRÍGUEZ, Mª JESÚS (Member)
Eucalyptus globulus leaf litter as a control agent for damage caused by terrestrial gastropods which are agricultural pests
Authorship
A.L.B.
Bachelor of Biology
A.L.B.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:00
07.17.2024 16:00
Summary
Several species of terrestrial gastropods as snails and slugs, are agricultural pests because of the damage they cause to plants cultivated by humans in a wide range of productive sectors. Currently, plant protection products authorised to keep crops against terrestrial gastropod pests are very limited. Consequently, is under investigation the search for alternative control agents and strategies. This has received a great impulse around the world in recent years, with a particular focus on biological control agents and other natural products. Different species of the genus Eucalyptus are used to obtain substances for crop protection, as eucalyptus essential oils which are considered to have insecticidal, antibacterial, fungicidal, acaricidal, nematicidal, herbicidal and molluscicidal activity. In this investigation, we hypothesised that eucalyptus leaves could be used to protect crops against terrestrial gastropods. As a first approach to testing this hypothesis, we made some laboratory experiments where we determined the amount of food consumed by snails from cabbage discs treated and untreated with common eucaliptus leaves (Eucalyptus globulus), applied as fragments or in dust form. Treatments with common chestnut (Castanea sativa), were also included, which is a species that is not known its molluscicidal effect. The results obtained suggest that E.globulus leaves may have potential in the protection of crops and plant production from be damaged by the attack of terrestrial gastropods.
Several species of terrestrial gastropods as snails and slugs, are agricultural pests because of the damage they cause to plants cultivated by humans in a wide range of productive sectors. Currently, plant protection products authorised to keep crops against terrestrial gastropod pests are very limited. Consequently, is under investigation the search for alternative control agents and strategies. This has received a great impulse around the world in recent years, with a particular focus on biological control agents and other natural products. Different species of the genus Eucalyptus are used to obtain substances for crop protection, as eucalyptus essential oils which are considered to have insecticidal, antibacterial, fungicidal, acaricidal, nematicidal, herbicidal and molluscicidal activity. In this investigation, we hypothesised that eucalyptus leaves could be used to protect crops against terrestrial gastropods. As a first approach to testing this hypothesis, we made some laboratory experiments where we determined the amount of food consumed by snails from cabbage discs treated and untreated with common eucaliptus leaves (Eucalyptus globulus), applied as fragments or in dust form. Treatments with common chestnut (Castanea sativa), were also included, which is a species that is not known its molluscicidal effect. The results obtained suggest that E.globulus leaves may have potential in the protection of crops and plant production from be damaged by the attack of terrestrial gastropods.
Direction
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Chairman)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
AIRA RODRÍGUEZ, Mª JESÚS (Member)
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Chairman)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
AIRA RODRÍGUEZ, Mª JESÚS (Member)
Study of fire dynamics in Xistral mountains during the last 2000 years based on microcharcoal analysis
Authorship
A.S.R.
Bachelor of Biology
A.S.R.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:00
07.17.2024 16:00
Summary
The microcharcoal register analysis from enviromental records such as peatbogs share information about past fire dynamics. These particles have some characteristics which allow them to be well preserved in time. In this work a fire history reconstruction during the last 2000 years is made based on microcharocal counting from pollen slides that come from Pasada de Lamoso, an ombrotrophic mire from Xistral mountains. In order to link microcharcoal content with fire dynamics the concentration values are calculated for each sample and then they are represented din relation to depth and age. These results are compered with Ti data from the same peatbog and with tree pollen, cereal pollen and coprophilous fungi spores from other study cases in Galicia. focusing on microcharcoal content, four different phases were identified. The first (115, 40 BC) reaches the higher microcharcoal concentration, the second corresponds to 65, 215 AD, the third to 480, 1650, and the fourth (1740, 1905 AD) reaches the lower. These changes are a consequence of different anthropic and climatic factors that have been operating during the last 2000 years.
The microcharcoal register analysis from enviromental records such as peatbogs share information about past fire dynamics. These particles have some characteristics which allow them to be well preserved in time. In this work a fire history reconstruction during the last 2000 years is made based on microcharocal counting from pollen slides that come from Pasada de Lamoso, an ombrotrophic mire from Xistral mountains. In order to link microcharcoal content with fire dynamics the concentration values are calculated for each sample and then they are represented din relation to depth and age. These results are compered with Ti data from the same peatbog and with tree pollen, cereal pollen and coprophilous fungi spores from other study cases in Galicia. focusing on microcharcoal content, four different phases were identified. The first (115, 40 BC) reaches the higher microcharcoal concentration, the second corresponds to 65, 215 AD, the third to 480, 1650, and the fourth (1740, 1905 AD) reaches the lower. These changes are a consequence of different anthropic and climatic factors that have been operating during the last 2000 years.
Direction
MARTINEZ CORTIZAS, ANTONIO MANUEL (Tutorships)
SILVA SANCHEZ, NOEMI (Co-tutorships)
MARTINEZ CORTIZAS, ANTONIO MANUEL (Tutorships)
SILVA SANCHEZ, NOEMI (Co-tutorships)
Court
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Chairman)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
AIRA RODRÍGUEZ, Mª JESÚS (Member)
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Chairman)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
AIRA RODRÍGUEZ, Mª JESÚS (Member)
Global warming, pollution and polar bears.
Authorship
A.G.R.
Bachelor of Biology
A.G.R.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Introduction: Throughout history, the polar bear (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) has been threatened by hunting. Its international regulation did not mean the end of threats and for decades a decrease in its numbers has been observed, probably related to the accumulation of pollutants in its habitat and global warming. Objectives: The polar bear is one of the Arctic species most at risk of extinction. This article is an updated compilation on global warming, pollutants and their effects on the polar bear; the causes and possible solutions to the current situation, and the forecast for the future. Methodology: bibliographic review in the Pubmed database by means of a search strategy and application of filters. Fourteen articles were obtained for full text reading. Results: Global warming causes an increase in temperatures, predominantly in the Arctic, which conditions the early breakup of sea ice and delays its freezing. This phenomenon causes the loss of polar bear habitat, limiting access to their prey, increasing their movements by sea and land and their energy expenditure. The loss of body mass affects the reproductive capacity of females, which, together with adverse weather conditions, hinders the survival of the cubs and therefore of the species. On the other hand, the presence of persistent contaminants in the Arctic in relation to large human production also showed implications for polar bear health, mainly at the level of the immune system, the thyroid system and the stress response. The transfer of contaminants to offspring through lactation may induce developmental changes and increase mortality. Conclusions: Most of the articles included in this review lack statistical weight due to the difficulty of polar bear research. New study methods are needed to obtain quality data and associations.
Introduction: Throughout history, the polar bear (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) has been threatened by hunting. Its international regulation did not mean the end of threats and for decades a decrease in its numbers has been observed, probably related to the accumulation of pollutants in its habitat and global warming. Objectives: The polar bear is one of the Arctic species most at risk of extinction. This article is an updated compilation on global warming, pollutants and their effects on the polar bear; the causes and possible solutions to the current situation, and the forecast for the future. Methodology: bibliographic review in the Pubmed database by means of a search strategy and application of filters. Fourteen articles were obtained for full text reading. Results: Global warming causes an increase in temperatures, predominantly in the Arctic, which conditions the early breakup of sea ice and delays its freezing. This phenomenon causes the loss of polar bear habitat, limiting access to their prey, increasing their movements by sea and land and their energy expenditure. The loss of body mass affects the reproductive capacity of females, which, together with adverse weather conditions, hinders the survival of the cubs and therefore of the species. On the other hand, the presence of persistent contaminants in the Arctic in relation to large human production also showed implications for polar bear health, mainly at the level of the immune system, the thyroid system and the stress response. The transfer of contaminants to offspring through lactation may induce developmental changes and increase mortality. Conclusions: Most of the articles included in this review lack statistical weight due to the difficulty of polar bear research. New study methods are needed to obtain quality data and associations.
Direction
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
ABOAL VIÑAS, JESUS RAMON (Chairman)
Cruz de la Fuente, Óscar (Secretary)
BASELGA FRAGA, ANDRES (Member)
ABOAL VIÑAS, JESUS RAMON (Chairman)
Cruz de la Fuente, Óscar (Secretary)
BASELGA FRAGA, ANDRES (Member)
Cardiac steatosis in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) as an indicator of the senility process in a semelparous migratory species
Authorship
M.L.G.
Bachelor of Biology
M.L.G.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) is a semelparous species in which all individuals die after spawning. In this work, steatosis in cardiac tissue is analyzed as a possible indicator of senility in this species. The observation was carried out through histological sections of the hearts of stabled individuals that represent the post-reproductive period, in which accumulations of fat can be seen that can be seen with the naked eye. Through the analysis of the hearts and by relating the information obtained with other works, the conclusion is reached that steatosis can be an indicator of senility. Cardiac steatosis, which refers to the abnormal accumulation of fat in the heart leading to its dysfunction, is a condition of increasing importance as it is related to cases of obesity which incidence is increasing, which makes new studies on the matter necessary.
The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) is a semelparous species in which all individuals die after spawning. In this work, steatosis in cardiac tissue is analyzed as a possible indicator of senility in this species. The observation was carried out through histological sections of the hearts of stabled individuals that represent the post-reproductive period, in which accumulations of fat can be seen that can be seen with the naked eye. Through the analysis of the hearts and by relating the information obtained with other works, the conclusion is reached that steatosis can be an indicator of senility. Cardiac steatosis, which refers to the abnormal accumulation of fat in the heart leading to its dysfunction, is a condition of increasing importance as it is related to cases of obesity which incidence is increasing, which makes new studies on the matter necessary.
Direction
COBO GRADIN, FERNANDO (Tutorships)
BARCA BRAVO, SANDRA (Co-tutorships)
COBO GRADIN, FERNANDO (Tutorships)
BARCA BRAVO, SANDRA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ABOAL VIÑAS, JESUS RAMON (Chairman)
Cruz de la Fuente, Óscar (Secretary)
BASELGA FRAGA, ANDRES (Member)
ABOAL VIÑAS, JESUS RAMON (Chairman)
Cruz de la Fuente, Óscar (Secretary)
BASELGA FRAGA, ANDRES (Member)
Phytomining of Ni through the cultivation of hyperaccumulator plants: a field trial in serpentinite soils in Galicia.
Authorship
J.M.V.
Bachelor of Biology
J.M.V.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Phytomining is a novel and sustainable technique, an alternative to traditional mining, which takes advantage of the capacity of some plants to extract metals on their own and accumulate them in large quantities in their aboveground biomass (hyperaccumulator plants). The technique is based on the cultivation, harvesting and subsequent processing of aboveground biomass, for the recovery of the metal (bio-ore). In this context, the objective of this project is to evaluate the efficiency of Ni extraction from two hyperaccumulatory species of the genus Bornmuellera (Brasicaceae), cultivated in a serpentinitic area of Galicia (Eidián, Pontevedra). To this end, the crops established during the last two years in experimental plots will be harvested , and it will be evaluate: i) plant growth and biomass produced, ii) the nutritional status of the plants and iii) the ability to bioaccumulate nickel in its harvestable shoots. . Based on the results, the bioconcentration and translocation factor will be calculated, as well as the metal yield of each crop (kg Ni/ha).
Phytomining is a novel and sustainable technique, an alternative to traditional mining, which takes advantage of the capacity of some plants to extract metals on their own and accumulate them in large quantities in their aboveground biomass (hyperaccumulator plants). The technique is based on the cultivation, harvesting and subsequent processing of aboveground biomass, for the recovery of the metal (bio-ore). In this context, the objective of this project is to evaluate the efficiency of Ni extraction from two hyperaccumulatory species of the genus Bornmuellera (Brasicaceae), cultivated in a serpentinitic area of Galicia (Eidián, Pontevedra). To this end, the crops established during the last two years in experimental plots will be harvested , and it will be evaluate: i) plant growth and biomass produced, ii) the nutritional status of the plants and iii) the ability to bioaccumulate nickel in its harvestable shoots. . Based on the results, the bioconcentration and translocation factor will be calculated, as well as the metal yield of each crop (kg Ni/ha).
Direction
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ GARRIDO, BEATRIZ (Co-tutorships)
Prieto Fernández, María Ángeles (Co-tutorships)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ GARRIDO, BEATRIZ (Co-tutorships)
Prieto Fernández, María Ángeles (Co-tutorships)
Court
ABOAL VIÑAS, JESUS RAMON (Chairman)
Cruz de la Fuente, Óscar (Secretary)
BASELGA FRAGA, ANDRES (Member)
ABOAL VIÑAS, JESUS RAMON (Chairman)
Cruz de la Fuente, Óscar (Secretary)
BASELGA FRAGA, ANDRES (Member)
Involvement of neurotransmitters in the development of fibromyalgia
Authorship
M.M.A.R.
Bachelor of Biology
M.M.A.R.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
09.12.2024 10:30
09.12.2024 10:30
Summary
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disease characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain that is often accompanied by fatigue, memory loss, and mood and sleep disturbances. Although today its etiology remains unknown, studies carried out to date indicate that its origin is multifactorial, with the main causes being alterations in the function of the nervous system and in the pain perception system. Many of these studies point to the malfunction of some neurotransmitters and their receptors as one of the possible causes of the clinical symptoms of FM. The objective of this bibliographic review is to determine which neurotransmitters are involved in the development of FM and their relationship with possible treatments that can reduce its symptoms. After analyzing the information available to date, it can be concluded that serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, substance P and glutamate are the main NTs related to the development of FM and the treatment that is most effective in trying to alleviate The symptoms caused by the dysfunction of these NTs are multidisciplinary and individualized, applying both the use of drugs and non-pharmacological alternatives.
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disease characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain that is often accompanied by fatigue, memory loss, and mood and sleep disturbances. Although today its etiology remains unknown, studies carried out to date indicate that its origin is multifactorial, with the main causes being alterations in the function of the nervous system and in the pain perception system. Many of these studies point to the malfunction of some neurotransmitters and their receptors as one of the possible causes of the clinical symptoms of FM. The objective of this bibliographic review is to determine which neurotransmitters are involved in the development of FM and their relationship with possible treatments that can reduce its symptoms. After analyzing the information available to date, it can be concluded that serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, substance P and glutamate are the main NTs related to the development of FM and the treatment that is most effective in trying to alleviate The symptoms caused by the dysfunction of these NTs are multidisciplinary and individualized, applying both the use of drugs and non-pharmacological alternatives.
Direction
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Tutorships)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Tutorships)
Court
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Chairman)
POLO MONTERO, DAVID (Secretary)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Member)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Chairman)
POLO MONTERO, DAVID (Secretary)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Member)
Asgard Archaea, the lost link on eucariotyc evolution.
Authorship
P.R.F.
Bachelor of Biology
P.R.F.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
09.12.2024 10:30
09.12.2024 10:30
Summary
It´s bibliographic revision about recently discovered Asgaard Archaea, a new phyle that includes archaea spécimens with eucariotyc signature proteins that can explain it´s own origin. It describes it metabolism and most relevant ones, and then i make a relation with Lynn Margulis work and the two domain filogenetic system.
It´s bibliographic revision about recently discovered Asgaard Archaea, a new phyle that includes archaea spécimens with eucariotyc signature proteins that can explain it´s own origin. It describes it metabolism and most relevant ones, and then i make a relation with Lynn Margulis work and the two domain filogenetic system.
Direction
GOMEZ MARQUEZ, JAIME JOSE (Tutorships)
GOMEZ MARQUEZ, JAIME JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Chairman)
POLO MONTERO, DAVID (Secretary)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Member)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Chairman)
POLO MONTERO, DAVID (Secretary)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Member)
Enzymatic depolymerization of polyethylene and polypropylene
Authorship
L.I.G.
Bachelor of Biology
L.I.G.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:00
09.13.2024 10:00
Summary
The accumulation of plastic waste has become a global problem that requires alternative solutions. Currently the main recycling methods are physical methods, where incineration would stand out. For this reason, other alternatives are being studied, such as biological recycling or biodegradation. This work carries out a bibliographic review of the main microorganisms (both bacterial and fungal) capable of depolymerizing PE and PP, in addition to highlight some of the enzymes known in this process and their main limitations.
The accumulation of plastic waste has become a global problem that requires alternative solutions. Currently the main recycling methods are physical methods, where incineration would stand out. For this reason, other alternatives are being studied, such as biological recycling or biodegradation. This work carries out a bibliographic review of the main microorganisms (both bacterial and fungal) capable of depolymerizing PE and PP, in addition to highlight some of the enzymes known in this process and their main limitations.
Direction
ABOAL VIÑAS, JESUS RAMON (Tutorships)
Kravetz , Humberto (Co-tutorships)
ABOAL VIÑAS, JESUS RAMON (Tutorships)
Kravetz , Humberto (Co-tutorships)
Court
GONZALEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA VICTORIA (Chairman)
TABOADA RODRIGUEZ, TERESA MARIA (Secretary)
DIAZ TAPIA, PILAR (Member)
GONZALEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA VICTORIA (Chairman)
TABOADA RODRIGUEZ, TERESA MARIA (Secretary)
DIAZ TAPIA, PILAR (Member)
Botanical Itinerary of a space in the Mariña Lucense
Authorship
A.I.R.A.
Bachelor of Biology
A.I.R.A.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:00
09.13.2024 10:00
Summary
Coastal dunes are eolian relief formations located in coastal areas with sandy sediments. These dunes form unique ecosystems that act as natural barriers against coastal erosion and provide critical habitats for various species. This study focuses on the dunes of Playa de Covas in Viveiro, using a biological classification to identify and describe the characteristic vegetation of each dune strip from the coast to the interior. This work aims to demonstrate that the coastal dunes at Playa de Covas have significant ecological importance, and that being subject to various threats (both environmental and anthropogenic) endangers their stability and biodiversity. Therefore, it is crucial to involve the population in their conservation and care.
Coastal dunes are eolian relief formations located in coastal areas with sandy sediments. These dunes form unique ecosystems that act as natural barriers against coastal erosion and provide critical habitats for various species. This study focuses on the dunes of Playa de Covas in Viveiro, using a biological classification to identify and describe the characteristic vegetation of each dune strip from the coast to the interior. This work aims to demonstrate that the coastal dunes at Playa de Covas have significant ecological importance, and that being subject to various threats (both environmental and anthropogenic) endangers their stability and biodiversity. Therefore, it is crucial to involve the population in their conservation and care.
Direction
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Tutorships)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Tutorships)
Court
GONZALEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA VICTORIA (Chairman)
TABOADA RODRIGUEZ, TERESA MARIA (Secretary)
DIAZ TAPIA, PILAR (Member)
GONZALEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA VICTORIA (Chairman)
TABOADA RODRIGUEZ, TERESA MARIA (Secretary)
DIAZ TAPIA, PILAR (Member)
Ecological niche modeling of Dryopteris guanchica Gibby et Jermy (Dryopteridaceae)
Authorship
P.R.G.
Bachelor of Biology
P.R.G.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:00
09.13.2024 10:00
Summary
Most of the Paleotropical geoflora found in the western Palearctic zone during the Tertiary would have disappeared or decreased its distribution area as a consequence of the deterioration of the subtropical climate beginning in the late Tertiary. The main hypothesis is that some elements of this flora remained as relicts in different climatic refuges preserving their niche until today. On the other hand, there is the hypothesis that the populations of the peninsula could have originated from dispersive events during the Quaternary, possibly from the Macaronesian region. In this work we infer the most relevant bioclimatic variables to explain the distribution of D. guanchica, a pteridophyte species considered relict, currently present in the northwestern Iberian and Canary Islands (Tenerife, Lana Gomera, Lana Palma and El Hierro), through the elaboration of an ecological niche model that feeds distribution models of the species for current and past conditions, reconstructing the potential geographic ranges at different times and climatic conditions of the past during the Pleistocene and Holocene, in order to compare the distribution patterns of the species, suggesting that the species may have disappeared from the Iberian Peninsula during the last glaciation. This work generates a hypothetical framework where only the Canary Islands or some other Macaronesian archipelago could have functioned as a refuge area during the glaciation. The analysis of the niche overlap between the populations of the peninsula and the Canary Islands concludes that there are differentiated niches, which may point to ongoing adaptive processes. Projections for the year 2080 are also addressed to analyze its potential distribution in global climate change scenarios that point to a retraction in its current Iberian range, which may have implications for the conservation of the species. Relict, paleoflora, modeling, ecological niche, pteridophytes
Most of the Paleotropical geoflora found in the western Palearctic zone during the Tertiary would have disappeared or decreased its distribution area as a consequence of the deterioration of the subtropical climate beginning in the late Tertiary. The main hypothesis is that some elements of this flora remained as relicts in different climatic refuges preserving their niche until today. On the other hand, there is the hypothesis that the populations of the peninsula could have originated from dispersive events during the Quaternary, possibly from the Macaronesian region. In this work we infer the most relevant bioclimatic variables to explain the distribution of D. guanchica, a pteridophyte species considered relict, currently present in the northwestern Iberian and Canary Islands (Tenerife, Lana Gomera, Lana Palma and El Hierro), through the elaboration of an ecological niche model that feeds distribution models of the species for current and past conditions, reconstructing the potential geographic ranges at different times and climatic conditions of the past during the Pleistocene and Holocene, in order to compare the distribution patterns of the species, suggesting that the species may have disappeared from the Iberian Peninsula during the last glaciation. This work generates a hypothetical framework where only the Canary Islands or some other Macaronesian archipelago could have functioned as a refuge area during the glaciation. The analysis of the niche overlap between the populations of the peninsula and the Canary Islands concludes that there are differentiated niches, which may point to ongoing adaptive processes. Projections for the year 2080 are also addressed to analyze its potential distribution in global climate change scenarios that point to a retraction in its current Iberian range, which may have implications for the conservation of the species. Relict, paleoflora, modeling, ecological niche, pteridophytes
Direction
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Tutorships)
PONCE FONTENLA, SARA (Co-tutorships)
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Tutorships)
PONCE FONTENLA, SARA (Co-tutorships)
Court
GONZALEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA VICTORIA (Chairman)
TABOADA RODRIGUEZ, TERESA MARIA (Secretary)
DIAZ TAPIA, PILAR (Member)
GONZALEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA VICTORIA (Chairman)
TABOADA RODRIGUEZ, TERESA MARIA (Secretary)
DIAZ TAPIA, PILAR (Member)
The human placenta: updated review and possibilities for in vitro generation
Authorship
M.A.B.
Bachelor of Biology
M.A.B.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
The placenta is a transient yet essential organ in embryonic development, responsible for directing fetal growth throughout pregnancy. However, the mechanisms governing its formation remain poorly studied. Thus, this work will focus on delving into the processes surrounding placentation in humans and the possibilities of generating in vitro placentas as experimental models. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted using the PubMed database. The results obtained show that the trophoblastic cell lineage is responsible for creating the chorionic villi, which are the functional unit of the placenta. These regulate nutrient supply and gas exchange at the maternalfetal interface. They also form the syncytiotrophoblast, which contributes to its endocrine activity. Regarding in vitro generation, organ on a chip technology offers an interesting alternative for studying placental physiology. Additionally, the isolation of human trophoblastic stem cells, the formation of trophoblastic organoids, and their 3D culture will soon render the models used up to now obsolete.
The placenta is a transient yet essential organ in embryonic development, responsible for directing fetal growth throughout pregnancy. However, the mechanisms governing its formation remain poorly studied. Thus, this work will focus on delving into the processes surrounding placentation in humans and the possibilities of generating in vitro placentas as experimental models. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted using the PubMed database. The results obtained show that the trophoblastic cell lineage is responsible for creating the chorionic villi, which are the functional unit of the placenta. These regulate nutrient supply and gas exchange at the maternalfetal interface. They also form the syncytiotrophoblast, which contributes to its endocrine activity. Regarding in vitro generation, organ on a chip technology offers an interesting alternative for studying placental physiology. Additionally, the isolation of human trophoblastic stem cells, the formation of trophoblastic organoids, and their 3D culture will soon render the models used up to now obsolete.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ-MOLDES REY, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ-MOLDES REY, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
González Blanco, Miguel (Secretary)
PEREZ COMUÑAS, MARIA JOSE (Member)
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
González Blanco, Miguel (Secretary)
PEREZ COMUÑAS, MARIA JOSE (Member)
The extension of the current evolutionary paradigm, the Modern Synthesis
Authorship
N.F.E.
Bachelor of Biology
N.F.E.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
The process of natural selection discovered independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred R. Wallace mid-nineteenth century provided an explanation for the adaptation and the structure of biodiversity. The formal combination of the Darwinian theory focused on this process with Mendel’s theory of inheritance, theoretical synthesis carried out during the second decade of the 20th century, laid the foundations for the theoretical population genetics, basically nourished by the work of Ronald A. Fisher, John B. S. Haldane and Sewall Wright. In the middle of the century, the structuring of different areas of biology takes place through the knowledge derived from evolutionary genetics, giving shape to the evolutionary paradigm still in force that we know as Modern Synthesis. However, even then challenges were raised to the theory from areas such as developmental biology or paleontology, particularly to the conception of evolution as a change in the frequency of genes within populations, which suggested the need to expand it. In the present study, the most relevant bibliography is reviewed regarding the convenience of expanding the theoretical core of evolutionary biology through the emerging Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, emphasizing recent works on the evolutionary impact of the developmental evolutionary biology, extragenetic inheritance, multilevel selection and niche construction theory in order to justify such extension.
The process of natural selection discovered independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred R. Wallace mid-nineteenth century provided an explanation for the adaptation and the structure of biodiversity. The formal combination of the Darwinian theory focused on this process with Mendel’s theory of inheritance, theoretical synthesis carried out during the second decade of the 20th century, laid the foundations for the theoretical population genetics, basically nourished by the work of Ronald A. Fisher, John B. S. Haldane and Sewall Wright. In the middle of the century, the structuring of different areas of biology takes place through the knowledge derived from evolutionary genetics, giving shape to the evolutionary paradigm still in force that we know as Modern Synthesis. However, even then challenges were raised to the theory from areas such as developmental biology or paleontology, particularly to the conception of evolution as a change in the frequency of genes within populations, which suggested the need to expand it. In the present study, the most relevant bibliography is reviewed regarding the convenience of expanding the theoretical core of evolutionary biology through the emerging Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, emphasizing recent works on the evolutionary impact of the developmental evolutionary biology, extragenetic inheritance, multilevel selection and niche construction theory in order to justify such extension.
Direction
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Tutorships)
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Tutorships)
Court
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
González Blanco, Miguel (Secretary)
PEREZ COMUÑAS, MARIA JOSE (Member)
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
González Blanco, Miguel (Secretary)
PEREZ COMUÑAS, MARIA JOSE (Member)
Genetics of the human Y chromosome
Authorship
A.F.L.
Bachelor of Biology
A.F.L.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
The human Y chromosome´s most notable characteristics are the degeneration that it´s suffering and it´s participation in the human sexual determination. The objectives of this bibliographic review are compiling information about the chromosome' s structure, genes and functions. In it´s structure, the human Y chromosome has multiple peculiarities that result of the degeneration process, that differenciates it from it´s homologous, and the lack of recombination between the two in most of the Y chromosome´s lenghth. One of those peculiarities is the existence of Y chromosome exclusive genes that express in the testis. Of all of them is of special interest SRY, in charge of male sex determination. The presence of this gene, amongst others, made it so most of the early works about the Y chromosome functions were mostly about the male sex determination and the differenciation and development of germ cells. Now the studies take a new angle, tring too relate the aberrant genes ,or the mossaic loss of this chromosome, with patologies that have higher incidence in males.
The human Y chromosome´s most notable characteristics are the degeneration that it´s suffering and it´s participation in the human sexual determination. The objectives of this bibliographic review are compiling information about the chromosome' s structure, genes and functions. In it´s structure, the human Y chromosome has multiple peculiarities that result of the degeneration process, that differenciates it from it´s homologous, and the lack of recombination between the two in most of the Y chromosome´s lenghth. One of those peculiarities is the existence of Y chromosome exclusive genes that express in the testis. Of all of them is of special interest SRY, in charge of male sex determination. The presence of this gene, amongst others, made it so most of the early works about the Y chromosome functions were mostly about the male sex determination and the differenciation and development of germ cells. Now the studies take a new angle, tring too relate the aberrant genes ,or the mossaic loss of this chromosome, with patologies that have higher incidence in males.
Direction
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Tutorships)
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Tutorships)
Court
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
González Blanco, Miguel (Secretary)
PEREZ COMUÑAS, MARIA JOSE (Member)
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
González Blanco, Miguel (Secretary)
PEREZ COMUÑAS, MARIA JOSE (Member)
Fish as biomarkers of the effect of ocean warming on nerve centres: anatomical and molecular basis.
Authorship
A.S.F.
Bachelor of Biology
A.S.F.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Animals interact with the environment through their nervous system. Climate change is causing the temperature of the oceans to rise, which is changing the environment of aquatic organisms. The nervous structures of fish are undoubtedly the first to detect these changes. In fact, in fish there is evidence that the acidification of the aquatic environment caused by the climate transition can lead to a loss of the olfactory discrimination capacity that allows the recognition of prey, predators or the triggering of flight by the prey. In this work, an experimental design was carried out with a shark model species: Scyliorhinus canicula, with the objective of detecting the possible vulnerabilities of the nervous structures of the olfactory system against the increase of the temperature of the aquatic environment. This identification is the first step in the search for climate change adaptation and mitigation solutions. After demonstrating in a first phase of the study the reliability of the antibodies used for immunohistochemical techniques, it was observed that individuals subjected to ocean warming conditions showed more cell proliferation and development at a general level than those maintained under standard conditions. Despite the qualitative nature of this work, future studies could quantitatively assess the intensity of these differences. Finally, in parallel to the objectives of the work, data were obtained for the first time on the presence of olfactory receptor neurons in embryos at stage 29. This extends the existing knowledge and opens the door to future research on aspects of maturation in the olfactory system of S. canicula.
Animals interact with the environment through their nervous system. Climate change is causing the temperature of the oceans to rise, which is changing the environment of aquatic organisms. The nervous structures of fish are undoubtedly the first to detect these changes. In fact, in fish there is evidence that the acidification of the aquatic environment caused by the climate transition can lead to a loss of the olfactory discrimination capacity that allows the recognition of prey, predators or the triggering of flight by the prey. In this work, an experimental design was carried out with a shark model species: Scyliorhinus canicula, with the objective of detecting the possible vulnerabilities of the nervous structures of the olfactory system against the increase of the temperature of the aquatic environment. This identification is the first step in the search for climate change adaptation and mitigation solutions. After demonstrating in a first phase of the study the reliability of the antibodies used for immunohistochemical techniques, it was observed that individuals subjected to ocean warming conditions showed more cell proliferation and development at a general level than those maintained under standard conditions. Despite the qualitative nature of this work, future studies could quantitatively assess the intensity of these differences. Finally, in parallel to the objectives of the work, data were obtained for the first time on the presence of olfactory receptor neurons in embryos at stage 29. This extends the existing knowledge and opens the door to future research on aspects of maturation in the olfactory system of S. canicula.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ-MOLDES REY, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Co-tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ-MOLDES REY, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
González Blanco, Miguel (Secretary)
PEREZ COMUÑAS, MARIA JOSE (Member)
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
González Blanco, Miguel (Secretary)
PEREZ COMUÑAS, MARIA JOSE (Member)
Evaluation of Reference Genes for the Analysis of the Immune Response in Senegalensis Sole to Viral Nervous Necrosis Virus
Authorship
L.R.N.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
L.R.N.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 10:00
07.18.2024 10:00
Summary
The Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is a significant species in the field of aquaculture. With a view to optimizing the analysis of its gene expression by RT-qPCR for application in studies evaluating the immune response to infection caused by the nervous necrosis virus or vaccination against it, this work tested eight reference genes. The candidate genes are: beta-actin (ACTB1), a paralog of beta-actin (ACTB2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH2), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1), ubiquitin (UBQ), elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A1), 18S ribosomal RNA (18S), and ribosomal protein S4 (RPS4). The interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx (mx) was used as the gene of interest. Kidney samples from control and virus-inoculated soles were analyzed. The BioRad CFX Maestro 1.1 software, version 4.1.2433.1219, indicates that all the reference genes tested in this study are acceptable, with the most stable being GAPDH2 and ACTB2, followed by RPS4 and UBQ. It also indicates that including two reference genes is sufficient for proper normalization. In summary, this study recommends the use of GAPDH2 and ACTB2 as reference genes for the correct normalization of RT-qPCR analysis of kidney samples from soles infected with nervous necrosis virus. Future studies will be necessary to verify that these genes are suitable for the analysis of other organs.
The Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is a significant species in the field of aquaculture. With a view to optimizing the analysis of its gene expression by RT-qPCR for application in studies evaluating the immune response to infection caused by the nervous necrosis virus or vaccination against it, this work tested eight reference genes. The candidate genes are: beta-actin (ACTB1), a paralog of beta-actin (ACTB2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH2), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1), ubiquitin (UBQ), elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A1), 18S ribosomal RNA (18S), and ribosomal protein S4 (RPS4). The interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx (mx) was used as the gene of interest. Kidney samples from control and virus-inoculated soles were analyzed. The BioRad CFX Maestro 1.1 software, version 4.1.2433.1219, indicates that all the reference genes tested in this study are acceptable, with the most stable being GAPDH2 and ACTB2, followed by RPS4 and UBQ. It also indicates that including two reference genes is sufficient for proper normalization. In summary, this study recommends the use of GAPDH2 and ACTB2 as reference genes for the correct normalization of RT-qPCR analysis of kidney samples from soles infected with nervous necrosis virus. Future studies will be necessary to verify that these genes are suitable for the analysis of other organs.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
LOPEZ VAZQUEZ, M. DEL CARMEN (Co-tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
LOPEZ VAZQUEZ, M. DEL CARMEN (Co-tutorships)
Court
ESTEVEZ TORANZO, MARIA ALICIA CAROLINA (Chairman)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
ESTEVEZ TORANZO, MARIA ALICIA CAROLINA (Chairman)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
In-vitro metabolism study of rubber production-related substances. Part B
Authorship
B.A.L.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
B.A.L.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone is an oxidation product of the tire anti-degradant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and it is of great concern due to its presence in the vast majority of environmental matrix and having been recently detected in human samples. Although this compound has shown to be lethal to coho salmon, little is known about its effect on human health. The exposure level and its potential risk can be evaluated through biomonitoring, using urine as an appropriate matrix. This requires previous knowledge on the compounds that are excreted after exposure to this substance. In this study, Phase I and Phase II in-vitro metabolism assays are carried out to identify the potential metabolites, employing human liver microsomes for Phase I and glucuronidation reactions, and human liver cytosolic fractions in sulfation experiments, with the corresponding coenzyme in each case. Subsequently, potential metabolites are identified through Suspect Screening using Liquid Chromatography coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. This workflow allows for the identification of 4 metabolites of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone and, after the study of their incubation trends, a possible biotransformation pathway is proposed. The generated metabolites could be suitable biomarkers in future human biomonitoring studies.
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone is an oxidation product of the tire anti-degradant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and it is of great concern due to its presence in the vast majority of environmental matrix and having been recently detected in human samples. Although this compound has shown to be lethal to coho salmon, little is known about its effect on human health. The exposure level and its potential risk can be evaluated through biomonitoring, using urine as an appropriate matrix. This requires previous knowledge on the compounds that are excreted after exposure to this substance. In this study, Phase I and Phase II in-vitro metabolism assays are carried out to identify the potential metabolites, employing human liver microsomes for Phase I and glucuronidation reactions, and human liver cytosolic fractions in sulfation experiments, with the corresponding coenzyme in each case. Subsequently, potential metabolites are identified through Suspect Screening using Liquid Chromatography coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. This workflow allows for the identification of 4 metabolites of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone and, after the study of their incubation trends, a possible biotransformation pathway is proposed. The generated metabolites could be suitable biomarkers in future human biomonitoring studies.
Direction
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Tutorships)
RODIL RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL ROSARIO (Co-tutorships)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Tutorships)
RODIL RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL ROSARIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ-MOLDES REY, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ GERPE, MARIA LOURDES (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
RODRIGUEZ-MOLDES REY, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ GERPE, MARIA LOURDES (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Optimize New Biological Platforms for New Bioorthogonal Reactions
Authorship
M.G.A.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
M.G.A.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Biological chemistry is a broad field that studies biological mechanisms from a chemical point of view. One of the branches of biological chemistry is bioorthogonal chemistry, which focuses on designing non-natural chemical transformations in biological systems without interfering with their functioning. Advances in this field have opened up the possibility of developing new drug action mechanisms, for example, strategies based on the specific recognition of membrane proteins of affected cells, leading to innovative selectivity that enhances the performance of these drugs and helps reduce the number of side effects, which could lead to an expansion of tools for biomedical purposes. Despite the great interest and potential of this new field, developing new biological models to study these reactions is a priority. In this work, new biological models were studied for the optimization of bioorthogonal reactions in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, the design of a new buffer based on energetic molecules and cytoplasmic salts, called Cell-free, was carried out to mimic the composition of the cytoplasm as a tool for studying bioorthogonal reactions in vitro. In parallel, cell lines were characterized in which a bioorthogonal reaction employing the RGD peptide as a carrier could be used. The results obtained in this undergraduate thesis are the first step to optimizing and developing new bioorthogonal reactions targeted at specific cell types. The design of the photocatalytic species and the reaction is detailed in the Chemistry undergraduate thesis.
Biological chemistry is a broad field that studies biological mechanisms from a chemical point of view. One of the branches of biological chemistry is bioorthogonal chemistry, which focuses on designing non-natural chemical transformations in biological systems without interfering with their functioning. Advances in this field have opened up the possibility of developing new drug action mechanisms, for example, strategies based on the specific recognition of membrane proteins of affected cells, leading to innovative selectivity that enhances the performance of these drugs and helps reduce the number of side effects, which could lead to an expansion of tools for biomedical purposes. Despite the great interest and potential of this new field, developing new biological models to study these reactions is a priority. In this work, new biological models were studied for the optimization of bioorthogonal reactions in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, the design of a new buffer based on energetic molecules and cytoplasmic salts, called Cell-free, was carried out to mimic the composition of the cytoplasm as a tool for studying bioorthogonal reactions in vitro. In parallel, cell lines were characterized in which a bioorthogonal reaction employing the RGD peptide as a carrier could be used. The results obtained in this undergraduate thesis are the first step to optimizing and developing new bioorthogonal reactions targeted at specific cell types. The design of the photocatalytic species and the reaction is detailed in the Chemistry undergraduate thesis.
Direction
OROSA PUENTE, BEATRIZ (Tutorships)
Mascareñas Cid, Jose Luis (Co-tutorships)
TOMAS GAMASA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
OROSA PUENTE, BEATRIZ (Tutorships)
Mascareñas Cid, Jose Luis (Co-tutorships)
TOMAS GAMASA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ-MOLDES REY, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ GERPE, MARIA LOURDES (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
RODRIGUEZ-MOLDES REY, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ GERPE, MARIA LOURDES (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Study of the role of lysophosphatidic acid in cancer immune evasion through computational simulations.
Authorship
U.L.V.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
U.L.V.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with significant impacts on patients' quality of life and healthcare systems. Immune evasion of tumour cells represents a critical challenge in developing effective therapies. In this context, the present research explores the hypothesis that lysophosphatidic acid contributes to immune evasion by competing with antimicrobial peptides. The main objective of this work was to study the interaction between antimicrobial peptides and different model cell membranes to understand how lysophosphatidic acid may affect these interactions. For this purpose, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out using CM15 as a model antimicrobial peptide and membranes composed of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid in different protonation states (net charge -1 and -2). The main results indicate that antimicrobial peptides have a higher affinity for phosphatidic acid lipids, especially when phosphatidic acid is more negatively charged (at low pH, characteristic of cancerous environments). This suggests that lysophosphatidic acid in the tumour microenvironment may effectively compete with antimicrobial peptides, decreasing their efficacy. Membrane structural analysis also revealed low peptide insertion during the simulation time, highlighting that the conditions under which the simulations were carried out may limit peptide penetration. The importance of this study lies in providing new evidence for the role of lysophosphatidic acid in the immune evasion of cancer cells. These findings may guide the rational design of new antimicrobial peptides with improved therapeutic properties, contributing to the development of more effective strategies in the fight against cancer. However, longer simulations and additional replicates are recommended to ensure the robustness and reproducibility of the results obtained.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with significant impacts on patients' quality of life and healthcare systems. Immune evasion of tumour cells represents a critical challenge in developing effective therapies. In this context, the present research explores the hypothesis that lysophosphatidic acid contributes to immune evasion by competing with antimicrobial peptides. The main objective of this work was to study the interaction between antimicrobial peptides and different model cell membranes to understand how lysophosphatidic acid may affect these interactions. For this purpose, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out using CM15 as a model antimicrobial peptide and membranes composed of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid in different protonation states (net charge -1 and -2). The main results indicate that antimicrobial peptides have a higher affinity for phosphatidic acid lipids, especially when phosphatidic acid is more negatively charged (at low pH, characteristic of cancerous environments). This suggests that lysophosphatidic acid in the tumour microenvironment may effectively compete with antimicrobial peptides, decreasing their efficacy. Membrane structural analysis also revealed low peptide insertion during the simulation time, highlighting that the conditions under which the simulations were carried out may limit peptide penetration. The importance of this study lies in providing new evidence for the role of lysophosphatidic acid in the immune evasion of cancer cells. These findings may guide the rational design of new antimicrobial peptides with improved therapeutic properties, contributing to the development of more effective strategies in the fight against cancer. However, longer simulations and additional replicates are recommended to ensure the robustness and reproducibility of the results obtained.
Direction
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Tutorships)
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ-MOLDES REY, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ GERPE, MARIA LOURDES (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
RODRIGUEZ-MOLDES REY, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
DOMINGUEZ GERPE, MARIA LOURDES (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ GACIO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Heavy metal mobility and bioavailability on mine soil: changes induced by the use of phytotechnologies for its environmental rehabilitation.
Authorship
L.D.C.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
L.D.C.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 11:00
07.18.2024 11:00
Summary
Mining is an anthropogenic activity that impacts soil, mainly due to the accumulation of heavy metals that stunts plant development. The risk associated with this contamination is determined by metal speciation which is directly related to its potential mobility and bioavailability. Several rehabilitation techniques can be used to improve the condition of mine soil. One of them is phytotechnologies where plant species and edaphic amendments such as organic compost are used to modify soil metal mobility and bioavailability. This project aimed to study the possible effects of rehabilitation treatments in the mobility and bioavailability of metals in a Pb/Zn mine. To achieve this, a fractionation analysis of Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd was performed in order to evaluate the dominant metal species in the soil and its potential mobility/bioavailability. The results were used to make correlations between different treatments and metal mobility. It was found that the addition of compost to the soil resulted in a reduction in mobility and bioavailability of metals. The opposite effect (higher mobility) was detected with the establishment and growth of short cycle plant species.
Mining is an anthropogenic activity that impacts soil, mainly due to the accumulation of heavy metals that stunts plant development. The risk associated with this contamination is determined by metal speciation which is directly related to its potential mobility and bioavailability. Several rehabilitation techniques can be used to improve the condition of mine soil. One of them is phytotechnologies where plant species and edaphic amendments such as organic compost are used to modify soil metal mobility and bioavailability. This project aimed to study the possible effects of rehabilitation treatments in the mobility and bioavailability of metals in a Pb/Zn mine. To achieve this, a fractionation analysis of Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd was performed in order to evaluate the dominant metal species in the soil and its potential mobility/bioavailability. The results were used to make correlations between different treatments and metal mobility. It was found that the addition of compost to the soil resulted in a reduction in mobility and bioavailability of metals. The opposite effect (higher mobility) was detected with the establishment and growth of short cycle plant species.
Direction
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
Ortiz Nuñez, Santiago (Chairman)
SANCHEZ VILAS, JULIA (Secretary)
PRIETO LAMAS, BEATRIZ LORETO (Member)
Ortiz Nuñez, Santiago (Chairman)
SANCHEZ VILAS, JULIA (Secretary)
PRIETO LAMAS, BEATRIZ LORETO (Member)
Use of Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. as an active biomonitor for silver nanoparticles
Authorship
I.D.R.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
I.D.R.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 11:00
07.18.2024 11:00
Summary
This work focuses on evaluating the adsorption capacity of silver nanoparticles by the bryophyte Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. With the aim of determining the evolution of adsorption over time, an initial laboratory experiment was proposed to assess the adsorption capacity using two nanoparticle suspensions at different concentration levels over ten days of exposure. Once the results were obtained and the necessary exposure time established, the experiment was carried out in the Sar River. Four points located before and after two treatment plants were selected, with the aim of detecting and monitoring the presence of silver nanoparticles in the river, as well as evaluating the proper functioning of the corresponding WWTPs.
This work focuses on evaluating the adsorption capacity of silver nanoparticles by the bryophyte Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. With the aim of determining the evolution of adsorption over time, an initial laboratory experiment was proposed to assess the adsorption capacity using two nanoparticle suspensions at different concentration levels over ten days of exposure. Once the results were obtained and the necessary exposure time established, the experiment was carried out in the Sar River. Four points located before and after two treatment plants were selected, with the aim of detecting and monitoring the presence of silver nanoparticles in the river, as well as evaluating the proper functioning of the corresponding WWTPs.
Direction
ABOAL VIÑAS, JESUS RAMON (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Co-tutorships)
ABOAL VIÑAS, JESUS RAMON (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
Ortiz Nuñez, Santiago (Chairman)
SANCHEZ VILAS, JULIA (Secretary)
PRIETO LAMAS, BEATRIZ LORETO (Member)
Ortiz Nuñez, Santiago (Chairman)
SANCHEZ VILAS, JULIA (Secretary)
PRIETO LAMAS, BEATRIZ LORETO (Member)
Characterization of plastic particles present in nests, pellets, and feathers of Ciconia ciconia and analysis of associated variables.
Authorship
A.F.D.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
A.F.D.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 11:00
07.18.2024 11:00
Summary
Plastics are materials currently present in all environments, including soil, water, air, and even within organisms. Their effects on the health of ecosystems are yet to be fully discovered in detail, especially the smaller particles known as microplastics, which are known to have the capacity to bioaccumulate within organisms. In this work, a study and characterization of plastic particles found in samples from storks was carried out, specifically in nests (and their surroundings) and pellets. For this purpose, the samples were collected and subjected to chemical digestion to isolate the possible microplastics present, as well as characterized using FTIR spectroscopy. After the identification and classification of all the particles found, it was concluded that there is a significant amount of plastic particles in stork nests, while plastics do not seem to accumulate in the pellets. Furthermore, there does not appear to be a relationship between the number of particles found in the nests and their age, nor their proximity to various sources of pollution.
Plastics are materials currently present in all environments, including soil, water, air, and even within organisms. Their effects on the health of ecosystems are yet to be fully discovered in detail, especially the smaller particles known as microplastics, which are known to have the capacity to bioaccumulate within organisms. In this work, a study and characterization of plastic particles found in samples from storks was carried out, specifically in nests (and their surroundings) and pellets. For this purpose, the samples were collected and subjected to chemical digestion to isolate the possible microplastics present, as well as characterized using FTIR spectroscopy. After the identification and classification of all the particles found, it was concluded that there is a significant amount of plastic particles in stork nests, while plastics do not seem to accumulate in the pellets. Furthermore, there does not appear to be a relationship between the number of particles found in the nests and their age, nor their proximity to various sources of pollution.
Direction
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Tutorships)
LAZZARI , MASSIMO (Co-tutorships)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Tutorships)
LAZZARI , MASSIMO (Co-tutorships)
Court
Ortiz Nuñez, Santiago (Chairman)
SANCHEZ VILAS, JULIA (Secretary)
PRIETO LAMAS, BEATRIZ LORETO (Member)
Ortiz Nuñez, Santiago (Chairman)
SANCHEZ VILAS, JULIA (Secretary)
PRIETO LAMAS, BEATRIZ LORETO (Member)
Characterisation of Galician calcareous peatlands, habitats of priority interest of the European Union: Part A - Analysis of their edaphic properties.
Authorship
R.V.S.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
R.V.S.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 11:00
07.18.2024 11:00
Summary
The calcareous peatland habitats of Cladium mariscus and Carex davalliana (7210) have been recognised as a priority and are essential in the fight against climate change. For this reason, a correct characterisation of these peatlands is essential, which is why their characterisation has been carried out in three locations in Galicia (Begonte, Pantín and Eo). Calcareous peatlands are defined by an organic carbon content higher than 15% in thicknesses greater than 30 cm under hydromorphic conditions. In this work, the physicochemical properties and the total contents of the elements present in these soils were analysed, the analysis of the concentration of these elements was carried out by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XFR). The results obtained reflect distributions and patterns between properties and elements. A positive correlation was observed between pH value (determinant for peatland classification) and elements such as calcium or magnesium. Furthermore, significant differences were shown between the three locations. After analysing and taking into account the existing classification for the determination of peatlands, it could be concluded that only the one present in Pantín could be classified as habitat 7210.
The calcareous peatland habitats of Cladium mariscus and Carex davalliana (7210) have been recognised as a priority and are essential in the fight against climate change. For this reason, a correct characterisation of these peatlands is essential, which is why their characterisation has been carried out in three locations in Galicia (Begonte, Pantín and Eo). Calcareous peatlands are defined by an organic carbon content higher than 15% in thicknesses greater than 30 cm under hydromorphic conditions. In this work, the physicochemical properties and the total contents of the elements present in these soils were analysed, the analysis of the concentration of these elements was carried out by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XFR). The results obtained reflect distributions and patterns between properties and elements. A positive correlation was observed between pH value (determinant for peatland classification) and elements such as calcium or magnesium. Furthermore, significant differences were shown between the three locations. After analysing and taking into account the existing classification for the determination of peatlands, it could be concluded that only the one present in Pantín could be classified as habitat 7210.
Direction
PONTEVEDRA POMBAL, FRANCISCO XABIER (Tutorships)
GARCIA-RODEJA GAYOSO, EDUARDO (Co-tutorships)
PONTEVEDRA POMBAL, FRANCISCO XABIER (Tutorships)
GARCIA-RODEJA GAYOSO, EDUARDO (Co-tutorships)
Court
Ortiz Nuñez, Santiago (Chairman)
SANCHEZ VILAS, JULIA (Secretary)
PRIETO LAMAS, BEATRIZ LORETO (Member)
Ortiz Nuñez, Santiago (Chairman)
SANCHEZ VILAS, JULIA (Secretary)
PRIETO LAMAS, BEATRIZ LORETO (Member)
Study of the molecular mechanism of the in vitro propagation technique of recombinant prions Protein Misfolding Shaking Amplification (PMSA).
Authorship
A.A.M.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
A.A.M.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
Prions are infectious proteinaceous particles responsible for a number of neurological diseases, the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The basis of their mechanism of action is that the abnormally folded protein, PrPSc, transforms and converts its correctly folded confformer, which is normally expressed on the cell surface, called PrPC, leading to the appearance of aggregates of the malignant form. The search was on for a technique that would allow in vitro amplification of recombinant prions in such a way as to facilitate the study of the three-dimensional structure of the protein, and thus Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA) arose, which would give rise later to Protein Misfolding Shaking Amplification (PMSA). Although the efficacy of the technique is proven, the mechanism in depth is not so clear; it is believed that mechanical energy could fragment the PrPSc polymers as they are formed, multiplying them, but it is also hypothesized that these same forces could cause a change in the conformation of the PrPC substrate, favoring its partial unfolding. This project seeks to delve into that possibility and, if possible, provide a complete answer to the underlying mechanism. Circular dichroism data will be used to evaluate the secondary structure of the substrate protein before and after being subjected to incubation under PMSA-like conditions. The experimental results show that the supposed partial unfolding does not occur, but its initial alpha-helix structure is maintained unchanged for times up to 24 hours. These data allow us to advance in the understanding of the technique, facilitating further study of the propagation mechanism of prions
Prions are infectious proteinaceous particles responsible for a number of neurological diseases, the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The basis of their mechanism of action is that the abnormally folded protein, PrPSc, transforms and converts its correctly folded confformer, which is normally expressed on the cell surface, called PrPC, leading to the appearance of aggregates of the malignant form. The search was on for a technique that would allow in vitro amplification of recombinant prions in such a way as to facilitate the study of the three-dimensional structure of the protein, and thus Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA) arose, which would give rise later to Protein Misfolding Shaking Amplification (PMSA). Although the efficacy of the technique is proven, the mechanism in depth is not so clear; it is believed that mechanical energy could fragment the PrPSc polymers as they are formed, multiplying them, but it is also hypothesized that these same forces could cause a change in the conformation of the PrPC substrate, favoring its partial unfolding. This project seeks to delve into that possibility and, if possible, provide a complete answer to the underlying mechanism. Circular dichroism data will be used to evaluate the secondary structure of the substrate protein before and after being subjected to incubation under PMSA-like conditions. The experimental results show that the supposed partial unfolding does not occur, but its initial alpha-helix structure is maintained unchanged for times up to 24 hours. These data allow us to advance in the understanding of the technique, facilitating further study of the propagation mechanism of prions
Direction
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ SENTIS, MARCO EUGENIO (Chairman)
SAMPEDRO JIMÉNEZ, JAVIER (Secretary)
VIDAL TATO, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ SENTIS, MARCO EUGENIO (Chairman)
SAMPEDRO JIMÉNEZ, JAVIER (Secretary)
VIDAL TATO, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
In Silico Modeling of the RUNX1 Protein Structure: A First Step Towards Drug Development for AML Treatment
Authorship
J.G.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
J.G.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common and lethal hematological tumor, with an average survival rate of 24% over 5 years. Acute myeloid leukemia is heterogeneous and caused by mutations in hematopoietic progenitors. Mutations in the RUNX1 protein are related to the emergence of hematopoietic tumor cells. Inhibiting the aberrant functions of RUNX1 can eliminate the cancer cells causing acute myeloid leukemia, making RUNX1 a potential target for new drugs. The main objective of this work is to model the structure of RUNX1 using homology modeling methods, detect cavities and pockets on the surface of RUNX1 for ligand-binding sites, select and prepare a library of known ligands for docking studies, and perform molecular dynamics simulations to assess the stability of RUNX1-ligand interactions. A model of RUNX1 was built using SWISS-MODEL based on homologous proteins. Then, potential binding sites on the surface of RUNX1 were analyzed. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for the most promising ligands, predicting RUNX1-ligand interactions. Five potential pockets were identified in RUNX1, two of which proved to be stable for ligand binding. Residues Tyr113, Ser114, Thr149, and Thr161 were key in ligand-protein interactions. The identification of key residues and binding sites provides a basis for the design of specific drugs that inhibit the function of RUNX1, offering potential new strategies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common and lethal hematological tumor, with an average survival rate of 24% over 5 years. Acute myeloid leukemia is heterogeneous and caused by mutations in hematopoietic progenitors. Mutations in the RUNX1 protein are related to the emergence of hematopoietic tumor cells. Inhibiting the aberrant functions of RUNX1 can eliminate the cancer cells causing acute myeloid leukemia, making RUNX1 a potential target for new drugs. The main objective of this work is to model the structure of RUNX1 using homology modeling methods, detect cavities and pockets on the surface of RUNX1 for ligand-binding sites, select and prepare a library of known ligands for docking studies, and perform molecular dynamics simulations to assess the stability of RUNX1-ligand interactions. A model of RUNX1 was built using SWISS-MODEL based on homologous proteins. Then, potential binding sites on the surface of RUNX1 were analyzed. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for the most promising ligands, predicting RUNX1-ligand interactions. Five potential pockets were identified in RUNX1, two of which proved to be stable for ligand binding. Residues Tyr113, Ser114, Thr149, and Thr161 were key in ligand-protein interactions. The identification of key residues and binding sites provides a basis for the design of specific drugs that inhibit the function of RUNX1, offering potential new strategies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
Direction
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Tutorships)
Crucitti , Davide (Co-tutorships)
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Tutorships)
Crucitti , Davide (Co-tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ SENTIS, MARCO EUGENIO (Chairman)
SAMPEDRO JIMÉNEZ, JAVIER (Secretary)
VIDAL TATO, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ SENTIS, MARCO EUGENIO (Chairman)
SAMPEDRO JIMÉNEZ, JAVIER (Secretary)
VIDAL TATO, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
mtDNA regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition processes in lung adenocarcinoma
Authorship
S.M.D.L.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
S.M.D.L.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process for the migration and metastasis of tumor cells. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants have been shown to play an essential role in tumorigenesis, potentially altering the risk of developing several types of cancer. However, the mechanisms by which mtDNA variation affects cancer penetrance and molecular markers of oncogenesis are not yet fully understood. In this study, using a cellular model of lung adenocarcinoma with different mtDNAs, we saw that mtDNA variation influences the levels of proteins associated with EMT such as Slug, Snail, cadherins and beta-catenin. By either depleting mtDNA or exposing cells to hypoxia (1% O2) to inactivate mitochondrial function, here we show that EMT activation by mtDNA variants depends on the mtDNA molecule itself, which regulates 3D growth and cell morphology. Although further research is needed to elucidate the full molecular mechanisms, these findings underscore the importance of mtDNA variation and signaling in EMT processes.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process for the migration and metastasis of tumor cells. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants have been shown to play an essential role in tumorigenesis, potentially altering the risk of developing several types of cancer. However, the mechanisms by which mtDNA variation affects cancer penetrance and molecular markers of oncogenesis are not yet fully understood. In this study, using a cellular model of lung adenocarcinoma with different mtDNAs, we saw that mtDNA variation influences the levels of proteins associated with EMT such as Slug, Snail, cadherins and beta-catenin. By either depleting mtDNA or exposing cells to hypoxia (1% O2) to inactivate mitochondrial function, here we show that EMT activation by mtDNA variants depends on the mtDNA molecule itself, which regulates 3D growth and cell morphology. Although further research is needed to elucidate the full molecular mechanisms, these findings underscore the importance of mtDNA variation and signaling in EMT processes.
Direction
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ PEREZ, DIEGO (Co-tutorships)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ PEREZ, DIEGO (Co-tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ SENTIS, MARCO EUGENIO (Chairman)
SAMPEDRO JIMÉNEZ, JAVIER (Secretary)
VIDAL TATO, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ SENTIS, MARCO EUGENIO (Chairman)
SAMPEDRO JIMÉNEZ, JAVIER (Secretary)
VIDAL TATO, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
Development of an algorithm for the evaluation of the pharmacological response in tumor cell organoids
Authorship
M.M.L.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
M.M.L.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
Cell cultures are a fundamental tool in understanding the pathological bases and developing therapies against cancer. Two-dimensional cultures are the most widely used method but have limitations in replicating cellular interactions and tumor microenvironments. This leads to many drugs that show effectiveness in these cultures failing in clinical trials. In this context, three-dimensional cultures emerge, which faithfully reproduce the in vivo tissues from which they originate. Tumor spheroids are spherical aggregates of cells that self-organize and self-renew. These are structurally simple and are used to study cancer resistance mechanisms and drug development. On the other hand, organoids are more complex structures that more accurately reflect the histological and genetic characteristics of the tumors they are derived from. This makes them models with great potential for the development antineoplastic therapies. The implementation of organoids in high-throughput drug screening is still in its early stages, as it is necessary to optimize cultivation protocols and develop specific assays to analyze their therapeutic response. As a complement to the data obtained through biochemical assays, tracking the morphology and size of the organoids from images is proposed. Currently, the measurement of these parameters is performed manually in most laboratories, which represents an obstacle for handling large amounts of images and introduces significant error in measurements. In this work, an algorithm has been developed for the rapid and accurate calculation of the area and volume of organoids from their images. This algorithm is designed and optimized for processing large quantities of images, ensuring its utility in evaluating the effect of drugs in high-throughput screening.
Cell cultures are a fundamental tool in understanding the pathological bases and developing therapies against cancer. Two-dimensional cultures are the most widely used method but have limitations in replicating cellular interactions and tumor microenvironments. This leads to many drugs that show effectiveness in these cultures failing in clinical trials. In this context, three-dimensional cultures emerge, which faithfully reproduce the in vivo tissues from which they originate. Tumor spheroids are spherical aggregates of cells that self-organize and self-renew. These are structurally simple and are used to study cancer resistance mechanisms and drug development. On the other hand, organoids are more complex structures that more accurately reflect the histological and genetic characteristics of the tumors they are derived from. This makes them models with great potential for the development antineoplastic therapies. The implementation of organoids in high-throughput drug screening is still in its early stages, as it is necessary to optimize cultivation protocols and develop specific assays to analyze their therapeutic response. As a complement to the data obtained through biochemical assays, tracking the morphology and size of the organoids from images is proposed. Currently, the measurement of these parameters is performed manually in most laboratories, which represents an obstacle for handling large amounts of images and introduces significant error in measurements. In this work, an algorithm has been developed for the rapid and accurate calculation of the area and volume of organoids from their images. This algorithm is designed and optimized for processing large quantities of images, ensuring its utility in evaluating the effect of drugs in high-throughput screening.
Direction
COSTOYA PUENTE, JOSE ANTONIO (Tutorships)
ARCE VAZQUEZ, VICTOR MANUEL (Co-tutorships)
COSTOYA PUENTE, JOSE ANTONIO (Tutorships)
ARCE VAZQUEZ, VICTOR MANUEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ SENTIS, MARCO EUGENIO (Chairman)
SAMPEDRO JIMÉNEZ, JAVIER (Secretary)
VIDAL TATO, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ SENTIS, MARCO EUGENIO (Chairman)
SAMPEDRO JIMÉNEZ, JAVIER (Secretary)
VIDAL TATO, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
Acidogenic fermentation monitoring through infrared and Raman spectroscopies
Authorship
M.D.L.F.M.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
M.D.L.F.M.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Strategies for the recovery of organic waste based on anaerobic fermentation are of great interest due to the production of volatile fatty acids, compounds that can be transformed into other value-added products such as chemicals or biofuels. The use of mixed cultures as inoculum in this process allows operation under non-aseptic conditions and the use of complex organic waste as substrate. The main obstacle for using mixed cultures is the variability in the product spectrum obtained. Thus, the selective production of these organic acids is of great interest, which in turn makes necessary the rapid and rigorous monitoring of their dynamics, favoring the control and automation of anaerobic fermentation. Vibrational spectroscopy techniques, such as infrared and Raman spectroscopies, are potentially applicable for this purpose, as they are highly specific and operable in real-time. This work aims to apply infrared and Raman spectroscopy for the monitoring of volatile fatty acids during acidogenic fermentation. An experimental design based on different chemometric models (Projection on Latent Structures (PLS)) trained with solutions of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids (individually and in combination, range 0.10-20.0 g/L) is proposed to predict the concentration of the compounds. The results indicate that both techniques are candidates for real-time monitoring of fermentation products, given their effective implementation for determining the concentrations of the three compounds in aqueous matrix and for their tracking in batch fermentation assays. However, infrared spectroscopy proved to be superior to Raman spectroscopy for the analytes examined. Future studies should include new compounds in the models (such as valeric or caproic acids), as well as validations in different reactors to generate more robust and generalizable models, favoring their implementation to achieve greater productivity and selectivity in processes based on anaerobic fermentation.
Strategies for the recovery of organic waste based on anaerobic fermentation are of great interest due to the production of volatile fatty acids, compounds that can be transformed into other value-added products such as chemicals or biofuels. The use of mixed cultures as inoculum in this process allows operation under non-aseptic conditions and the use of complex organic waste as substrate. The main obstacle for using mixed cultures is the variability in the product spectrum obtained. Thus, the selective production of these organic acids is of great interest, which in turn makes necessary the rapid and rigorous monitoring of their dynamics, favoring the control and automation of anaerobic fermentation. Vibrational spectroscopy techniques, such as infrared and Raman spectroscopies, are potentially applicable for this purpose, as they are highly specific and operable in real-time. This work aims to apply infrared and Raman spectroscopy for the monitoring of volatile fatty acids during acidogenic fermentation. An experimental design based on different chemometric models (Projection on Latent Structures (PLS)) trained with solutions of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids (individually and in combination, range 0.10-20.0 g/L) is proposed to predict the concentration of the compounds. The results indicate that both techniques are candidates for real-time monitoring of fermentation products, given their effective implementation for determining the concentrations of the three compounds in aqueous matrix and for their tracking in batch fermentation assays. However, infrared spectroscopy proved to be superior to Raman spectroscopy for the analytes examined. Future studies should include new compounds in the models (such as valeric or caproic acids), as well as validations in different reactors to generate more robust and generalizable models, favoring their implementation to achieve greater productivity and selectivity in processes based on anaerobic fermentation.
Direction
MAURICIO IGLESIAS, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Cubero Cardoso, Juan (Co-tutorships)
MAURICIO IGLESIAS, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Cubero Cardoso, Juan (Co-tutorships)
Court
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
EIBES GONZALEZ, GEMMA MARIA (Secretary)
COSTOYA PUENTE, JOSE ANTONIO (Member)
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
EIBES GONZALEZ, GEMMA MARIA (Secretary)
COSTOYA PUENTE, JOSE ANTONIO (Member)
Study of a targeted dCas13b-TET2 tool for RNA demethylation
Authorship
I.D.R.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
I.D.R.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
The CRISPR-Cas system is one of the most important gene editing tools due to its ability to target specific sequences in the genome. To the initial system constituted by Cas9, which acts on DNA, novel systems capable of targeting other molecules, such as RNA, have been added. These nucleases, like Cas13, have been extensively modified through genetic engineering, generating, among others, versions without cutting activity to which different catalytic domains of enzymes that catalyze or deposit marks in RNA have been fused. Among the wide variety of them, those capable of catalyzing the addition or removal of methyl groups on adenosines (m6A), the addition of methylation in cytosines (m5C), and the deamination of adenosines (A-to-I editing) stand out. However, until the start date of this TFG, there was no system that allowed the hydroxymethylation of cytosines (hm5C), a mark of great importance for transcriptomic regulation. In this work we propose the generation of a tool based on the CRISPR-dCas13b system, which will be fused to the TET2 protein, one of the enzymes responsible for the generation of hm5C. During the development of this work, the dCas13b-TET2 tool, previously generated in the laboratory, has been successfully transferred to a new retroviral plasmid that will allow the generation of stable lines with constitutive expression of the tool. Additionally, a functional validation of the tool has also been carried out, improving the optimization of the protocol that will lead to a successful implementation of it in the short term. This tool will improve the study of the activity of the TET2 enzyme on specific ARN sequences, representing a highly versatile tool that will expand our understanding of ARN modifications and their implications in the cellular transcriptome.
The CRISPR-Cas system is one of the most important gene editing tools due to its ability to target specific sequences in the genome. To the initial system constituted by Cas9, which acts on DNA, novel systems capable of targeting other molecules, such as RNA, have been added. These nucleases, like Cas13, have been extensively modified through genetic engineering, generating, among others, versions without cutting activity to which different catalytic domains of enzymes that catalyze or deposit marks in RNA have been fused. Among the wide variety of them, those capable of catalyzing the addition or removal of methyl groups on adenosines (m6A), the addition of methylation in cytosines (m5C), and the deamination of adenosines (A-to-I editing) stand out. However, until the start date of this TFG, there was no system that allowed the hydroxymethylation of cytosines (hm5C), a mark of great importance for transcriptomic regulation. In this work we propose the generation of a tool based on the CRISPR-dCas13b system, which will be fused to the TET2 protein, one of the enzymes responsible for the generation of hm5C. During the development of this work, the dCas13b-TET2 tool, previously generated in the laboratory, has been successfully transferred to a new retroviral plasmid that will allow the generation of stable lines with constitutive expression of the tool. Additionally, a functional validation of the tool has also been carried out, improving the optimization of the protocol that will lead to a successful implementation of it in the short term. This tool will improve the study of the activity of the TET2 enzyme on specific ARN sequences, representing a highly versatile tool that will expand our understanding of ARN modifications and their implications in the cellular transcriptome.
Direction
GUALLAR ARTAL, DIANA (Tutorships)
FUENTES IGLESIAS, ALEJANDRO (Co-tutorships)
GUALLAR ARTAL, DIANA (Tutorships)
FUENTES IGLESIAS, ALEJANDRO (Co-tutorships)
Court
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
EIBES GONZALEZ, GEMMA MARIA (Secretary)
COSTOYA PUENTE, JOSE ANTONIO (Member)
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
EIBES GONZALEZ, GEMMA MARIA (Secretary)
COSTOYA PUENTE, JOSE ANTONIO (Member)
Generation of iPSCs from fibroblasts of patients with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2
Authorship
R.D.D.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
R.D.D.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Familial partial lipodystrophy is a genetic disorder caused by variants in different genes and characterized by a lack of subcutaneous fat and various metabolic alterations. The most common is type 2, which currently has no cure. To investigate the disease, it would be ideal to work with adipose tissue cells from patients, but these are very scarce. An alternative to this problem would be to obtain induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and then redifferentiate them into preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. By obtaining cells from lipodystrophic patients and reprogramming them to iPSCs, we would have a potentially unlimited source of cells with the genetic characteristics of the pathology, which could then differentiate into adipose tissue cells. Therefore, the objective is to reprogram fibroblasts obtained from patient biopsies into iPSCs. Once the biopsies have been taken, the fibroblasts are cultured. Once adequate confluence is reached, a passage is made in a previously prepared plate, and the fibroblasts are infected with specifically designed lentiviruses, one to be used as a control, and two others for reprogramming inducible by doxycycline, a compound that must also be added. Once this is done, microscopic monitoring is performed, as well as washes and medium changes, all of them daily. The fibroblasts were correctly transfected and underwent clear morphological changes, but presented neither the conformation nor the visual characteristics characteristic of mature iPSCs. More time is needed to identify the causes that prevented proper colony formation and to finalize the fine-tuning of this technique.
Familial partial lipodystrophy is a genetic disorder caused by variants in different genes and characterized by a lack of subcutaneous fat and various metabolic alterations. The most common is type 2, which currently has no cure. To investigate the disease, it would be ideal to work with adipose tissue cells from patients, but these are very scarce. An alternative to this problem would be to obtain induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and then redifferentiate them into preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. By obtaining cells from lipodystrophic patients and reprogramming them to iPSCs, we would have a potentially unlimited source of cells with the genetic characteristics of the pathology, which could then differentiate into adipose tissue cells. Therefore, the objective is to reprogram fibroblasts obtained from patient biopsies into iPSCs. Once the biopsies have been taken, the fibroblasts are cultured. Once adequate confluence is reached, a passage is made in a previously prepared plate, and the fibroblasts are infected with specifically designed lentiviruses, one to be used as a control, and two others for reprogramming inducible by doxycycline, a compound that must also be added. Once this is done, microscopic monitoring is performed, as well as washes and medium changes, all of them daily. The fibroblasts were correctly transfected and underwent clear morphological changes, but presented neither the conformation nor the visual characteristics characteristic of mature iPSCs. More time is needed to identify the causes that prevented proper colony formation and to finalize the fine-tuning of this technique.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Tutorships)
ARAUJO VILAR, DAVID (Co-tutorships)
SANCHEZ IGLESIAS, SOFIA (Co-tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Tutorships)
ARAUJO VILAR, DAVID (Co-tutorships)
SANCHEZ IGLESIAS, SOFIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
EIBES GONZALEZ, GEMMA MARIA (Secretary)
COSTOYA PUENTE, JOSE ANTONIO (Member)
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
EIBES GONZALEZ, GEMMA MARIA (Secretary)
COSTOYA PUENTE, JOSE ANTONIO (Member)
Transcriptomic analysis of Schwann cells in diabetic neuropathy: implications for mitochondrial function.
Authorship
P.F.R.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
P.F.R.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Diabetes and its complications, of which diabetic neuropathy is a notable example, are a growing concern due to the significant impact on the quality of life of patients suffering from them. The role of Schwann cells in this context is well established, but the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. However, it is believed that mitochondrial function may play a fundamental role. Bioinformatics techniques of differential expression analysis have been employed to analyse several public transcriptomics data sets, with the results confirming the existence of deregulation of gene expression in nerves affected by diabetic neuropathy, both in animal models of different types and in samples from human patients. Finally, these findings have been compared with several databases that collect molecular functions and metabolic pathways. It has been demonstrated that some of the differentially expressed genes are related to specifically mitochondrial functions, such as the metabolism of oxidative species.
Diabetes and its complications, of which diabetic neuropathy is a notable example, are a growing concern due to the significant impact on the quality of life of patients suffering from them. The role of Schwann cells in this context is well established, but the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. However, it is believed that mitochondrial function may play a fundamental role. Bioinformatics techniques of differential expression analysis have been employed to analyse several public transcriptomics data sets, with the results confirming the existence of deregulation of gene expression in nerves affected by diabetic neuropathy, both in animal models of different types and in samples from human patients. Finally, these findings have been compared with several databases that collect molecular functions and metabolic pathways. It has been demonstrated that some of the differentially expressed genes are related to specifically mitochondrial functions, such as the metabolism of oxidative species.
Direction
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Tutorships)
RIOBELLO SUAREZ, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Tutorships)
RIOBELLO SUAREZ, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
Court
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
EIBES GONZALEZ, GEMMA MARIA (Secretary)
COSTOYA PUENTE, JOSE ANTONIO (Member)
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
EIBES GONZALEZ, GEMMA MARIA (Secretary)
COSTOYA PUENTE, JOSE ANTONIO (Member)
Population dynamics of testate amoebae in a peat bog of the Serra do Xistral over the last 2000 years
Authorship
M.R.P.
Bachelor of Biology
M.R.P.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Peat bogs are wetlands characterized by the accumulation of peat, mainly composed of partially decomposed dead plant remains due to low microbial activity. These ecosystems, present in the Serra do Xistral (NW of the Iberian Peninsula), are cool and humid environments that provide important ecosystem services and refuge for unique biodiversity. Due to their sensitivity to climatic variations, they are valuable tools for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction. This study focuses its analysis on the communities of testate amoebae, unicellular amoeboid protists that inhabit tests and are preserved over time in peat bogs. The research is conducted by taking a core from a blanket bog, isolating and identifying the testate amoebae in the collected samples. The results obtained allow the reconstruction of the moisture regime evolution over the last 2000 years in the Serra do Xistral. The main findings include an alternation between wet and dry periods, which is consistent with other Iberian paleoenvironmental records. During the Little Ice Age, an increase in humidity rates was detected, while in the last 50 years a drastic shift towards drier conditions is observed. Additionally, a significant increase in species biodiversity was observed on the surface of the peat bog. The conclusions of this study underline the importance of peat bogs as environmental archives sensitive to climatic changes and the need for conservation of these ecosystems in the context of current climate change.
Peat bogs are wetlands characterized by the accumulation of peat, mainly composed of partially decomposed dead plant remains due to low microbial activity. These ecosystems, present in the Serra do Xistral (NW of the Iberian Peninsula), are cool and humid environments that provide important ecosystem services and refuge for unique biodiversity. Due to their sensitivity to climatic variations, they are valuable tools for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction. This study focuses its analysis on the communities of testate amoebae, unicellular amoeboid protists that inhabit tests and are preserved over time in peat bogs. The research is conducted by taking a core from a blanket bog, isolating and identifying the testate amoebae in the collected samples. The results obtained allow the reconstruction of the moisture regime evolution over the last 2000 years in the Serra do Xistral. The main findings include an alternation between wet and dry periods, which is consistent with other Iberian paleoenvironmental records. During the Little Ice Age, an increase in humidity rates was detected, while in the last 50 years a drastic shift towards drier conditions is observed. Additionally, a significant increase in species biodiversity was observed on the surface of the peat bog. The conclusions of this study underline the importance of peat bogs as environmental archives sensitive to climatic changes and the need for conservation of these ecosystems in the context of current climate change.
Direction
PONTEVEDRA POMBAL, FRANCISCO XABIER (Tutorships)
CARBALLEIRA COEGO, AMABLE RAFAEL (Co-tutorships)
PONTEVEDRA POMBAL, FRANCISCO XABIER (Tutorships)
CARBALLEIRA COEGO, AMABLE RAFAEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
ABOAL VIÑAS, JESUS RAMON (Chairman)
Cruz de la Fuente, Óscar (Secretary)
BASELGA FRAGA, ANDRES (Member)
ABOAL VIÑAS, JESUS RAMON (Chairman)
Cruz de la Fuente, Óscar (Secretary)
BASELGA FRAGA, ANDRES (Member)
Study of the impact of heavy metal contamination on the sexual reproduction capacity of the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus
Authorship
P.H.S.
Bachelor of Biology
P.H.S.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.19.2024 10:00
07.19.2024 10:00
Summary
Fucus vesiculosus is a brown macroalgae capable of tolerating hostile environments contaminated with heavy metals. Individuals of this species can bioaccumulate high concentrations of these metals in their tissues. This fact allows them to serve as biomonitors of water quality in coastal ecosystems. However, very little is known about the consequences of chronic heavy metal exposure on the fitness of this species. Considering this, with this work we aim to determine whether chronic heavy metal exposure has a negative impact on the sexual reproduction capacity of the brown alga F. vesiculosus. To achieve this objective, 20 reproductively mature individuals of F. vesiculosus were collected per location, in a total of 4 populations present in the Galician rías. Three of these populations presented heavy metals, while another was used as a reference. For each population, both vegetative and reproductive biomass were quantified, to determine whether reproductive effort differed among populations. Documenting the reproductive capacity of populations of F. vesiculosus exposed to different levels of heavy metals will allow us to better understand the population dynamics of this species. At the same time, different morphological variables were measured (stem length, SLA...), again, to look for differences in relation to heavy metal exposure. The results obtained do not allow us to confirm that the reproductive effort varies in relation to heavy metals, although morphological differences potentially influenced by this factor were observed. The importance of this study lies in the conservation of coastal ecosystems. Macroalgae such as F. vesiculosus are the basis of the food chain in these ecosystems. When reproduction decreases, populations might shrink, which could lead to local population extinctions and the collapse of the food chains they support. The presence of these metals in our rías is a reality; we must begin to measure the effect that this entails.
Fucus vesiculosus is a brown macroalgae capable of tolerating hostile environments contaminated with heavy metals. Individuals of this species can bioaccumulate high concentrations of these metals in their tissues. This fact allows them to serve as biomonitors of water quality in coastal ecosystems. However, very little is known about the consequences of chronic heavy metal exposure on the fitness of this species. Considering this, with this work we aim to determine whether chronic heavy metal exposure has a negative impact on the sexual reproduction capacity of the brown alga F. vesiculosus. To achieve this objective, 20 reproductively mature individuals of F. vesiculosus were collected per location, in a total of 4 populations present in the Galician rías. Three of these populations presented heavy metals, while another was used as a reference. For each population, both vegetative and reproductive biomass were quantified, to determine whether reproductive effort differed among populations. Documenting the reproductive capacity of populations of F. vesiculosus exposed to different levels of heavy metals will allow us to better understand the population dynamics of this species. At the same time, different morphological variables were measured (stem length, SLA...), again, to look for differences in relation to heavy metal exposure. The results obtained do not allow us to confirm that the reproductive effort varies in relation to heavy metals, although morphological differences potentially influenced by this factor were observed. The importance of this study lies in the conservation of coastal ecosystems. Macroalgae such as F. vesiculosus are the basis of the food chain in these ecosystems. When reproduction decreases, populations might shrink, which could lead to local population extinctions and the collapse of the food chains they support. The presence of these metals in our rías is a reality; we must begin to measure the effect that this entails.
Direction
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Tutorships)
DIAZ TAPIA, PILAR (Co-tutorships)
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Tutorships)
DIAZ TAPIA, PILAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
MARTINEZ CORTIZAS, ANTONIO MANUEL (Chairman)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, Mª DEL CARMEN (Member)
MARTINEZ CORTIZAS, ANTONIO MANUEL (Chairman)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, Mª DEL CARMEN (Member)
Biofumigation and biosolarization as alternatives for sustainable pepper production.
Authorship
S.M.V.
Bachelor of Biology
S.M.V.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.19.2024 10:00
07.19.2024 10:00
Summary
Increased demand for food, due to population growth in recent decades, led to an agricultural land expansion and the development of new farming techniques based on mechanization and the use of inputs, in order to increase production. The negative effects of these procedures promote the need for new sustainable farming techniques, such as biofumigation and biosolarization. Biofumigation consists in crushing and incorporating plant residues with antimicrobial activity, usually Brassica, in crops. Biosolarization is a method that combines biofumigation with solarization. There is a great abundance and diversity of fungi and other pathogens in the horticultural lands of southern Galicia, that cause a great loss in many crops’ performance, among them, Padrón pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Due to the promising results achieved in the past two decades for the elimination of soil pathogens using these techniques, we hypothesized that their use could be beneficial in Galicia, improving the productivity of this crop. The objective of this work is to determine whether biofumigation and biosolarization shows a positive effect on the production and quality of peppers. To test this, two trials were carried out with control plots and plots treated with Brassica oleracea and Brassica napus. Data related to the crop production (height, chlorophyll content, number and weight of peppers per plant) was collected, and quality analyses were carried out in the laboratory (antioxidant activity and anthocyanin and carotenoid content). Biosolarization has significantly increased the agronomic parameters. In contrast, quality analyses showed a higher level of antioxidants in the control plots, which may be related to a higher stress level. This points out that biofumigation can promote a production improvement in a sustainable way, from an environmental and economic point of view, which has vital importance in the current context.
Increased demand for food, due to population growth in recent decades, led to an agricultural land expansion and the development of new farming techniques based on mechanization and the use of inputs, in order to increase production. The negative effects of these procedures promote the need for new sustainable farming techniques, such as biofumigation and biosolarization. Biofumigation consists in crushing and incorporating plant residues with antimicrobial activity, usually Brassica, in crops. Biosolarization is a method that combines biofumigation with solarization. There is a great abundance and diversity of fungi and other pathogens in the horticultural lands of southern Galicia, that cause a great loss in many crops’ performance, among them, Padrón pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Due to the promising results achieved in the past two decades for the elimination of soil pathogens using these techniques, we hypothesized that their use could be beneficial in Galicia, improving the productivity of this crop. The objective of this work is to determine whether biofumigation and biosolarization shows a positive effect on the production and quality of peppers. To test this, two trials were carried out with control plots and plots treated with Brassica oleracea and Brassica napus. Data related to the crop production (height, chlorophyll content, number and weight of peppers per plant) was collected, and quality analyses were carried out in the laboratory (antioxidant activity and anthocyanin and carotenoid content). Biosolarization has significantly increased the agronomic parameters. In contrast, quality analyses showed a higher level of antioxidants in the control plots, which may be related to a higher stress level. This points out that biofumigation can promote a production improvement in a sustainable way, from an environmental and economic point of view, which has vital importance in the current context.
Direction
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Tutorships)
LEMA MARQUEZ, MARGARITA (Co-tutorships)
Soengas Fernández, María del Pilar (Co-tutorships)
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Tutorships)
LEMA MARQUEZ, MARGARITA (Co-tutorships)
Soengas Fernández, María del Pilar (Co-tutorships)
Court
MARTINEZ CORTIZAS, ANTONIO MANUEL (Chairman)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, Mª DEL CARMEN (Member)
MARTINEZ CORTIZAS, ANTONIO MANUEL (Chairman)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, Mª DEL CARMEN (Member)
Influence of vegetation on an epiphytic beetle community
Authorship
I.O.L.
Bachelor of Biology
I.O.L.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.19.2024 10:00
07.19.2024 10:00
Summary
Interactions between plant communities and geological substrate are well known, but the influence that geology has on animal communities is still poorly researched. Serpentine soils originate unique plant assemblages, rich in endemic species and disjunctions, that could host equally exclusive herbivore communities. In this paper we assessed the differences between the leaf-beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) communities that inhabit acid and ultrabasic rocks of central Galicia. Communities that develop over serpentine rocks were found to be more diverse and different from those that inhabit acidic substrates. Serpentine communities also had a larger proportion of thermophile species, although these differences were not significative. Transformation of serpentinitic vegetation into agricultural fields lead to a rearrangement of the beetle community, but the resulting assemblages were not equal to those found on fields formed on acidic substrates. Future research could lead to more solid conclusions and maybe, to the discovery of new species or isolated populations of great biogeographic interest.
Interactions between plant communities and geological substrate are well known, but the influence that geology has on animal communities is still poorly researched. Serpentine soils originate unique plant assemblages, rich in endemic species and disjunctions, that could host equally exclusive herbivore communities. In this paper we assessed the differences between the leaf-beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) communities that inhabit acid and ultrabasic rocks of central Galicia. Communities that develop over serpentine rocks were found to be more diverse and different from those that inhabit acidic substrates. Serpentine communities also had a larger proportion of thermophile species, although these differences were not significative. Transformation of serpentinitic vegetation into agricultural fields lead to a rearrangement of the beetle community, but the resulting assemblages were not equal to those found on fields formed on acidic substrates. Future research could lead to more solid conclusions and maybe, to the discovery of new species or isolated populations of great biogeographic interest.
Direction
BASELGA FRAGA, ANDRES (Tutorships)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Co-tutorships)
BASELGA FRAGA, ANDRES (Tutorships)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MARTINEZ CORTIZAS, ANTONIO MANUEL (Chairman)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, Mª DEL CARMEN (Member)
MARTINEZ CORTIZAS, ANTONIO MANUEL (Chairman)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, Mª DEL CARMEN (Member)
Comparison of the change in chrysomelid biodiversity along an altitudinal gradient of the Sierra de Ancares in two different time periods.
Authorship
M.S.C.
Bachelor of Biology
M.S.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.19.2024 10:00
07.19.2024 10:00
Summary
This Final Degree Project analyses the variation of the chrysomelid communities along an altitudinal and temporal gradient in the Sierra de Ancares during two different time periods. The established hypothesis states that the climatic and environmental variation associated with the altitudinal and temporal difference significantly affects the distribution of these species. The objectives employed include the identification of altitudinal/temporal variations in the distribution of species and the analysis of the influence of environmental factors on these variations. The methodology consisted of collecting samples in three different locations (Liber, Os Cabaniños and Degrada) using an entomological sleeve and preserving the specimens in ethanol for later identification. Morphological analyses were used for the classification and identification of species. The data obtained was analysed using dissimilarity indices, richness estimates, analysis of presence/absence patterns and species accumulation curves. The main results show a reduction in species diversity over time, with important differences between the altitudes studied. In this way, this study highlights the need to carry out an adequate sampling effort to correctly characterize the community. Finally, different hypotheses are established to try to explain the possible association between the differences in species richness between the two dates with variations in altitude.
This Final Degree Project analyses the variation of the chrysomelid communities along an altitudinal and temporal gradient in the Sierra de Ancares during two different time periods. The established hypothesis states that the climatic and environmental variation associated with the altitudinal and temporal difference significantly affects the distribution of these species. The objectives employed include the identification of altitudinal/temporal variations in the distribution of species and the analysis of the influence of environmental factors on these variations. The methodology consisted of collecting samples in three different locations (Liber, Os Cabaniños and Degrada) using an entomological sleeve and preserving the specimens in ethanol for later identification. Morphological analyses were used for the classification and identification of species. The data obtained was analysed using dissimilarity indices, richness estimates, analysis of presence/absence patterns and species accumulation curves. The main results show a reduction in species diversity over time, with important differences between the altitudes studied. In this way, this study highlights the need to carry out an adequate sampling effort to correctly characterize the community. Finally, different hypotheses are established to try to explain the possible association between the differences in species richness between the two dates with variations in altitude.
Direction
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Tutorships)
FORMOSO FREIRE, VICTORIA (Co-tutorships)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Tutorships)
FORMOSO FREIRE, VICTORIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MARTINEZ CORTIZAS, ANTONIO MANUEL (Chairman)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, Mª DEL CARMEN (Member)
MARTINEZ CORTIZAS, ANTONIO MANUEL (Chairman)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, Mª DEL CARMEN (Member)
p63 role in the development of ARLD
Authorship
B.L.P.
Bachelor of Biology
B.L.P.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
p63 is a transcription factor from the p53 family, widely known for its role in the development of the epidermis and limbs. Recently, it had been discovered that it plays an important role in controlling lipid metabolism in the context of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), with increased levels being associated with higher lipid content in hepatocytes. With this prior knowledge, we developed the idea to investigate whether this transcription factor might also be involved in the development of alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD). To confirm this, p63 transcriptional levels were analyzed in animal models and primary hepatocyte cultures treated with alcohol, in which liver damage had been previously confirmed. This study demonstrated that p63 is increased in both in vivo and in vitro models of ARLD, and that its specific silencing in alcohol-induced hepatocytes is evident. Overall, the results indicate that p63 also plays a role in the development of ARLD.
p63 is a transcription factor from the p53 family, widely known for its role in the development of the epidermis and limbs. Recently, it had been discovered that it plays an important role in controlling lipid metabolism in the context of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), with increased levels being associated with higher lipid content in hepatocytes. With this prior knowledge, we developed the idea to investigate whether this transcription factor might also be involved in the development of alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD). To confirm this, p63 transcriptional levels were analyzed in animal models and primary hepatocyte cultures treated with alcohol, in which liver damage had been previously confirmed. This study demonstrated that p63 is increased in both in vivo and in vitro models of ARLD, and that its specific silencing in alcohol-induced hepatocytes is evident. Overall, the results indicate that p63 also plays a role in the development of ARLD.
Direction
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Tutorships)
Nóvoa Deaño, Eva María (Co-tutorships)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Tutorships)
Nóvoa Deaño, Eva María (Co-tutorships)
Court
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Chairman)
PORTEIRO COUTO, BEGOÑA (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Chairman)
PORTEIRO COUTO, BEGOÑA (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Study of secretion systems in marine bacteria
Authorship
N.R.C.
Bachelor of Biology
N.R.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Edwardsiella piscicida is a highly ubiquitous, Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, which causes significant losses in aquaculture. One of the main pathogenicity mechanisms of this bacterium is its secretion systems, distributed into 10 groups, playing a fundamental role in the pathogenicity of some bacteria. E. piscicida possesses type I, III, V, and VI secretion systems, although some studies indicate the possibility that it may also have type II and IV systems. To elucidate this, orthologous genes of both systems were searched for in the E. piscicida strain ACC35.1. The small number of genes obtained for the type IV secretion system does not allow for further study, but it is possible for the type II secretion system. The present genes have been amplified in 14 strains of E. piscicida using specific primer pairs designed in this research, as well as the optimization of the amplification protocol. These amplifications revealed that not all strains contain all the genes involved in the T2SS. To verify the functionality of the type II secretion system, the gspD gene was chosen to be mutated by inserting a linear vector. This vector consists of a chloramphenicol resistance gene flanked by two segments of the gspD gene sequence. Despite multiple modifications to the original protocol, it was not possible to generate the insert correctly to start the mutation protocol. To continue the research and achieve the stated objectives, it is necessary to delve into a thorough analysis of the possible failures in the protocol.
Edwardsiella piscicida is a highly ubiquitous, Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, which causes significant losses in aquaculture. One of the main pathogenicity mechanisms of this bacterium is its secretion systems, distributed into 10 groups, playing a fundamental role in the pathogenicity of some bacteria. E. piscicida possesses type I, III, V, and VI secretion systems, although some studies indicate the possibility that it may also have type II and IV systems. To elucidate this, orthologous genes of both systems were searched for in the E. piscicida strain ACC35.1. The small number of genes obtained for the type IV secretion system does not allow for further study, but it is possible for the type II secretion system. The present genes have been amplified in 14 strains of E. piscicida using specific primer pairs designed in this research, as well as the optimization of the amplification protocol. These amplifications revealed that not all strains contain all the genes involved in the T2SS. To verify the functionality of the type II secretion system, the gspD gene was chosen to be mutated by inserting a linear vector. This vector consists of a chloramphenicol resistance gene flanked by two segments of the gspD gene sequence. Despite multiple modifications to the original protocol, it was not possible to generate the insert correctly to start the mutation protocol. To continue the research and achieve the stated objectives, it is necessary to delve into a thorough analysis of the possible failures in the protocol.
Direction
ESTEVEZ TORANZO, MARIA ALICIA CAROLINA (Tutorships)
BUJAN GOMEZ, NOEMI (Co-tutorships)
ESTEVEZ TORANZO, MARIA ALICIA CAROLINA (Tutorships)
BUJAN GOMEZ, NOEMI (Co-tutorships)
Court
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Chairman)
PORTEIRO COUTO, BEGOÑA (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Chairman)
PORTEIRO COUTO, BEGOÑA (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Role of lnc-Dnm3os in liver damage due to cholestasis
Authorship
L.A.R.
Bachelor of Biology
L.A.R.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 16:00
07.18.2024 16:00
Summary
Chronic liver diseases, characterized by hepatic fibrosis, represent an important public health problem worldwide. These conditions involve complex cellular responses from various types of liver cells, including hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. These pathologies involve deep changes in the regulation of gene expression, which is controlled by a complex interaction of regulatory mechanisms. So far, much attention has been paid to the role of transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms, but other mechanisms such as those exerted by long non-coding RNAs (lnc-RNAs) have been less studied. Lnc-RNAs can interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins to regulate global gene expression patterns. However, their role in hepatic cholestasis remains largely unexplored. In key preliminary experiments made by the research group, hundreds of lnc-RNAs were found to be deregulated in liver tissue during the development of cholestasis. Using computational approaches, a clinically relevant signature of 52 lnc-RNAs was constructed in cholestasis-induced liver injury, among which was Dnm3os. The lnc-RNA Dnm3os has been described as a reservoir of fibromiRs (micro-RNAs with an important function in pulmonary and renal fibrosis), and previous results from the laboratory suggest that it could also exert a pro-fibrogenic effect on damaged liver. However, its role in hepatic cholestasis remains unknown. This work aims to examine the biological function of Dnm3os, using in vitro silencing systems to modulate its expression levels, and to check its effect on the activation of cellular damage markers in isolated mouse hepatocytes following the induction of cholestasis. It was found that Dnm3os could play a relevant role in the hepatocyte response to liver damage. Additionally, the results obtained indicate that Dnm3os could function as a hepatoprotective lnc-RNA in cholestatic liver disease.
Chronic liver diseases, characterized by hepatic fibrosis, represent an important public health problem worldwide. These conditions involve complex cellular responses from various types of liver cells, including hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. These pathologies involve deep changes in the regulation of gene expression, which is controlled by a complex interaction of regulatory mechanisms. So far, much attention has been paid to the role of transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms, but other mechanisms such as those exerted by long non-coding RNAs (lnc-RNAs) have been less studied. Lnc-RNAs can interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins to regulate global gene expression patterns. However, their role in hepatic cholestasis remains largely unexplored. In key preliminary experiments made by the research group, hundreds of lnc-RNAs were found to be deregulated in liver tissue during the development of cholestasis. Using computational approaches, a clinically relevant signature of 52 lnc-RNAs was constructed in cholestasis-induced liver injury, among which was Dnm3os. The lnc-RNA Dnm3os has been described as a reservoir of fibromiRs (micro-RNAs with an important function in pulmonary and renal fibrosis), and previous results from the laboratory suggest that it could also exert a pro-fibrogenic effect on damaged liver. However, its role in hepatic cholestasis remains unknown. This work aims to examine the biological function of Dnm3os, using in vitro silencing systems to modulate its expression levels, and to check its effect on the activation of cellular damage markers in isolated mouse hepatocytes following the induction of cholestasis. It was found that Dnm3os could play a relevant role in the hepatocyte response to liver damage. Additionally, the results obtained indicate that Dnm3os could function as a hepatoprotective lnc-RNA in cholestatic liver disease.
Direction
VARELA REY, MARTA MARIA (Tutorships)
RIOBELLO SUAREZ, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
VARELA REY, MARTA MARIA (Tutorships)
RIOBELLO SUAREZ, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLAZQUEZ CAEIRO, JOSE LUIS (Chairman)
BARCA MAYO, OLGA (Secretary)
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Member)
BLAZQUEZ CAEIRO, JOSE LUIS (Chairman)
BARCA MAYO, OLGA (Secretary)
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Member)
Synthetic genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authorship
A.S.F.
Bachelor of Biology
A.S.F.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Synthetic biology, originating at the end of the 20th century, has experienced significant advancement, especially synthetic genomics, tasked with the building of artificial genomes. This work is centred on the Sc2.0 project, that aims to create the first complete eukaryotic synthetic genome based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Initiated in 2007, it has as objectives the consecution of a near-wild type phenotype while implementing several genomic modifications that can be used for advancement in research. Currently, sixteen chromosomes and a neochromosome have been designed and assembled in independent strains, and the consolidation of 7.5 artificial chromosomes has been achieved, constituting more than 50% of the synthetic genome in a single strain. Among the innovations described are the SwAP-In system for the sequential integration of synthetic DNA, the PCRTags genetic watermarks and the SCRaMbLE system, which allows the induction of genomic alterations for directed evolution experiments, very promising for research in synthetic biology and genomics. These advances promise numerous applications in biotechnology as well as in industry and research, offering new tools for understanding, creating and manipulating eukaryotic genomes.
Synthetic biology, originating at the end of the 20th century, has experienced significant advancement, especially synthetic genomics, tasked with the building of artificial genomes. This work is centred on the Sc2.0 project, that aims to create the first complete eukaryotic synthetic genome based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Initiated in 2007, it has as objectives the consecution of a near-wild type phenotype while implementing several genomic modifications that can be used for advancement in research. Currently, sixteen chromosomes and a neochromosome have been designed and assembled in independent strains, and the consolidation of 7.5 artificial chromosomes has been achieved, constituting more than 50% of the synthetic genome in a single strain. Among the innovations described are the SwAP-In system for the sequential integration of synthetic DNA, the PCRTags genetic watermarks and the SCRaMbLE system, which allows the induction of genomic alterations for directed evolution experiments, very promising for research in synthetic biology and genomics. These advances promise numerous applications in biotechnology as well as in industry and research, offering new tools for understanding, creating and manipulating eukaryotic genomes.
Direction
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Tutorships)
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Tutorships)
Court
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
González Blanco, Miguel (Secretary)
PEREZ COMUÑAS, MARIA JOSE (Member)
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
González Blanco, Miguel (Secretary)
PEREZ COMUÑAS, MARIA JOSE (Member)
The dopamine signaling pathway in the understanding and treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authorship
X.V.P.
Bachelor of Biology
X.V.P.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurological condition that constitutes a disorder of neurodevelopment. Although it is a condition that is commonly more visible in children and adolescents, ADHD also occurs in the adult population. The wide phenotypic variation with which this disorder presents throughout the population, the comorbidity with other psychiatric conditions, and the lack of objective diagnostic criteria, combined with its multifactorial nature, pose a challenge when it comes to making an unequivocal diagnosis in patients. On the other hand, there is evidence of which brain regions are affected, with special importance placed on the prefrontal cortex in this case. This approach to understanding this condition and narrowing down the search for effective treatments that target the molecular mechanisms involved in these regions will be discussed in this work. While existing treatments for ADHD are effective, they do not always yield results in all individuals. The most commonly used therapeutic targets for these treatments are part of the neurotransmitter signaling pathway, such as dopamine and noradrenaline. We will focus on the former molecule in the following section to conduct a literature review aimed at understanding what has been learned about the relationship of this neurotransmitter in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurological condition that constitutes a disorder of neurodevelopment. Although it is a condition that is commonly more visible in children and adolescents, ADHD also occurs in the adult population. The wide phenotypic variation with which this disorder presents throughout the population, the comorbidity with other psychiatric conditions, and the lack of objective diagnostic criteria, combined with its multifactorial nature, pose a challenge when it comes to making an unequivocal diagnosis in patients. On the other hand, there is evidence of which brain regions are affected, with special importance placed on the prefrontal cortex in this case. This approach to understanding this condition and narrowing down the search for effective treatments that target the molecular mechanisms involved in these regions will be discussed in this work. While existing treatments for ADHD are effective, they do not always yield results in all individuals. The most commonly used therapeutic targets for these treatments are part of the neurotransmitter signaling pathway, such as dopamine and noradrenaline. We will focus on the former molecule in the following section to conduct a literature review aimed at understanding what has been learned about the relationship of this neurotransmitter in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Direction
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Tutorships)
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Tutorships)
Court
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
González Blanco, Miguel (Secretary)
PEREZ COMUÑAS, MARIA JOSE (Member)
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
González Blanco, Miguel (Secretary)
PEREZ COMUÑAS, MARIA JOSE (Member)
Characterization of progenitor cells in the postnatal retina of Scyliorhinus canicula
Authorship
A.C.C.
Bachelor of Biology
A.C.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Despite the large amount of information there is about neurogenesis, the development of the small-spotted catshark retina and the presence of proliferative cells in both the central retina and the CMZ; the progeny derived from these progenitor cells is not known. In this study, we used labelling with 5-ethinyl-2´-deoxyuridine (EdU; a thymidine analogue that is captured by the proliferating cells during the S phase of the cell cycle and is incorporated into their DNA, allowing the identification of differentiated cells after treatment) in combination with the immunohistochemical detection of proliferative (PCNA), glial (GS) and neurons (HuC/D, rhodopsin) cell markers to characterize the neurogenic potential of progenitor cells present in the juvenile retina of the small-spotted catshark. The injection of EdU followed by two follow-up periods of different duration (3 and 14 days) allowed to observe the postnatal generation of new rods (rhodopsin-positive), Müller's glia (GS-positive cells) and amacrine and/or ganglion cells (HuC/D-positive). Although more studies are needed, these results show that progenitor cells that persist in the postnatal retina of the small-spotted catshark actively generate different types of neuronal and glial cells, in a similar way to that described in other vertebrates.
Despite the large amount of information there is about neurogenesis, the development of the small-spotted catshark retina and the presence of proliferative cells in both the central retina and the CMZ; the progeny derived from these progenitor cells is not known. In this study, we used labelling with 5-ethinyl-2´-deoxyuridine (EdU; a thymidine analogue that is captured by the proliferating cells during the S phase of the cell cycle and is incorporated into their DNA, allowing the identification of differentiated cells after treatment) in combination with the immunohistochemical detection of proliferative (PCNA), glial (GS) and neurons (HuC/D, rhodopsin) cell markers to characterize the neurogenic potential of progenitor cells present in the juvenile retina of the small-spotted catshark. The injection of EdU followed by two follow-up periods of different duration (3 and 14 days) allowed to observe the postnatal generation of new rods (rhodopsin-positive), Müller's glia (GS-positive cells) and amacrine and/or ganglion cells (HuC/D-positive). Although more studies are needed, these results show that progenitor cells that persist in the postnatal retina of the small-spotted catshark actively generate different types of neuronal and glial cells, in a similar way to that described in other vertebrates.
Direction
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Tutorships)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
GOMEZ MARQUEZ, JAIME JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Secretary)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Member)
GOMEZ MARQUEZ, JAIME JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Secretary)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Member)
Lipopolysaccharide Modification (LPS) as a mechanism for antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authorship
P.F.R.
Bachelor of Biology
P.F.R.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacteria that acts mainly as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. It is one of the most virulent bacteria within the ESKAPE group and is capable of causing various pathologies related to the lungs, respiratory tract, urinary tract or generalized infections (sepsis) among others. One of the main problems associated with P. aeruginosa, is its great capacity to adapt to different environments within the host (hence its pathological diversity) and its resistance to most conventional antibiotics. It is known that certain modifications in the structure of bacterial LPS intervene in the resistance of this microorganism to different antibiotics, including polymyxins. In order to know what they are these modifications and how to act in the process of resistance to polymyxins, was carried out a bibliographic search for information in PubMed and Scopus. The use of keywords helped in the compilation of results that suggest that the addition of residues with amines or acyl chains effect on the interaction of polymyxins with the bacteria. Currently, different strategies are being investigated to improve the activity of polymyxins to deal with this resistant pathogen.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacteria that acts mainly as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. It is one of the most virulent bacteria within the ESKAPE group and is capable of causing various pathologies related to the lungs, respiratory tract, urinary tract or generalized infections (sepsis) among others. One of the main problems associated with P. aeruginosa, is its great capacity to adapt to different environments within the host (hence its pathological diversity) and its resistance to most conventional antibiotics. It is known that certain modifications in the structure of bacterial LPS intervene in the resistance of this microorganism to different antibiotics, including polymyxins. In order to know what they are these modifications and how to act in the process of resistance to polymyxins, was carried out a bibliographic search for information in PubMed and Scopus. The use of keywords helped in the compilation of results that suggest that the addition of residues with amines or acyl chains effect on the interaction of polymyxins with the bacteria. Currently, different strategies are being investigated to improve the activity of polymyxins to deal with this resistant pathogen.
Direction
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
Court
GOMEZ MARQUEZ, JAIME JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Secretary)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Member)
GOMEZ MARQUEZ, JAIME JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Secretary)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Member)
Human genetic variability and its relationship with mental illnesses
Authorship
M.V.O.G.
Bachelor of Biology
M.V.O.G.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
In recent years, the media has been especially sensitive to issues related to mental health. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); schizophrenia (SZ), Attention Deficit and/or Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), learning, intellectual, motor, speech, and language disorders) or stress-related disorders (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, anxiety, Major Depressive Disorder, somatization, panic disorder...) has led to global concern. The purpose of this work is to explore human genetic variation and its relationship with mental illnesses. This study focuses on understanding the reasons for the existence of pathologies from an integrated perspective, examining evolutionary and physiological factors, as well as the interaction of the environment through epigenetic regulation driven by factors such as stress. To do this, we will explore the historical context in which major events in the evolution of Homo sapiens occurred, especially those related to brain development. We will analyze how environmental variability interacted with the genome, allowing the Homo lineage to develop survival strategies based on cognitive and ecological flexibility and a strong dependence on the social group and environment. Finally, we will try to answer how these evolutionary strategies can generate genomic vulnerabilities that predispose individuals to the development of pathologies and neuropsychiatric disorders today.
In recent years, the media has been especially sensitive to issues related to mental health. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); schizophrenia (SZ), Attention Deficit and/or Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), learning, intellectual, motor, speech, and language disorders) or stress-related disorders (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, anxiety, Major Depressive Disorder, somatization, panic disorder...) has led to global concern. The purpose of this work is to explore human genetic variation and its relationship with mental illnesses. This study focuses on understanding the reasons for the existence of pathologies from an integrated perspective, examining evolutionary and physiological factors, as well as the interaction of the environment through epigenetic regulation driven by factors such as stress. To do this, we will explore the historical context in which major events in the evolution of Homo sapiens occurred, especially those related to brain development. We will analyze how environmental variability interacted with the genome, allowing the Homo lineage to develop survival strategies based on cognitive and ecological flexibility and a strong dependence on the social group and environment. Finally, we will try to answer how these evolutionary strategies can generate genomic vulnerabilities that predispose individuals to the development of pathologies and neuropsychiatric disorders today.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
GOMEZ MARQUEZ, JAIME JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Secretary)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Member)
GOMEZ MARQUEZ, JAIME JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Secretary)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Member)
Bacteria: mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
Authorship
R.P.B.
Bachelor of Biology
R.P.B.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
In this work, a bibliographic review will be realized for the main resistance mechanisms employed by bacteria to generate antibiotic resistance. The health, economic, and social problems caused by the development of these resistance mechanisms will be briefly presented. The paper will discuss the two main types of resistance used by bacteria, intrinsic and acquired. Then, the mechanisms employed by bacteria to achieve these resistances will be classified into five different groups depending on their site of action. Additionally, the main groups of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides, glycopeptides, phenicols, and polymyxins) will be presented, and the main resistance mechanisms exhibited by microorganisms to withstand their effects will be described. Finally, some of the alternatives in development to overcome these resistances, such as the use of complementary drugs or the development of new types of antibiotics, will be explained.
In this work, a bibliographic review will be realized for the main resistance mechanisms employed by bacteria to generate antibiotic resistance. The health, economic, and social problems caused by the development of these resistance mechanisms will be briefly presented. The paper will discuss the two main types of resistance used by bacteria, intrinsic and acquired. Then, the mechanisms employed by bacteria to achieve these resistances will be classified into five different groups depending on their site of action. Additionally, the main groups of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides, glycopeptides, phenicols, and polymyxins) will be presented, and the main resistance mechanisms exhibited by microorganisms to withstand their effects will be described. Finally, some of the alternatives in development to overcome these resistances, such as the use of complementary drugs or the development of new types of antibiotics, will be explained.
Direction
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Tutorships)
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Tutorships)
Court
GOMEZ MARQUEZ, JAIME JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Secretary)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Member)
GOMEZ MARQUEZ, JAIME JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Secretary)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Member)
The genetic basis of common human diseases.
Authorship
A.P.R.
Bachelor of Biology
A.P.R.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
The contribution of genetics, in conjunction with the environment, to common human diseases is an area of study in constant evolution, marked by the rapid development of sequencing and genetic editing technologies. By conducting a literature review, this bachelor thesis explored the various findings in this field, highlighting the advances in identifying genetic variants associated with these diseases, as well as the challenges in their functional validation and the exploration of the puzzle of the heritability of these complex diseases. Cutting-edge techniques used in the genetic analysis of these diseases are also explained. The discussion focuses on the advances in personalized medicine enabled by the current availability of GWAS and the development of new precision therapies. Potential short- to medium-term advances in different areas are indicated, highlighting the development of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) techniques and new drugs thanks to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. Various obstacles to overcome today are addressed, highlighting the lack of validation of the numerous GWAS being conducted as well as the heritability not explained by these studies. Various developing techniques used to address these problems are described, such as whole-genome sequencing or the application of new long-read technologies. The thesis concludes with the importance of investment in this area of genetics to enable further improvement in human health and well-being.
The contribution of genetics, in conjunction with the environment, to common human diseases is an area of study in constant evolution, marked by the rapid development of sequencing and genetic editing technologies. By conducting a literature review, this bachelor thesis explored the various findings in this field, highlighting the advances in identifying genetic variants associated with these diseases, as well as the challenges in their functional validation and the exploration of the puzzle of the heritability of these complex diseases. Cutting-edge techniques used in the genetic analysis of these diseases are also explained. The discussion focuses on the advances in personalized medicine enabled by the current availability of GWAS and the development of new precision therapies. Potential short- to medium-term advances in different areas are indicated, highlighting the development of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) techniques and new drugs thanks to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. Various obstacles to overcome today are addressed, highlighting the lack of validation of the numerous GWAS being conducted as well as the heritability not explained by these studies. Various developing techniques used to address these problems are described, such as whole-genome sequencing or the application of new long-read technologies. The thesis concludes with the importance of investment in this area of genetics to enable further improvement in human health and well-being.
Direction
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Tutorships)
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Tutorships)
Court
GOMEZ MARQUEZ, JAIME JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Secretary)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Member)
GOMEZ MARQUEZ, JAIME JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Secretary)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Member)
Literature review and meta-analysis of mercury pollution in ecosystem compartments at a global scale
Authorship
P.C.T.
Bachelor of Biology
P.C.T.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal widely distributed across the planet and in various ecosystem compartments such as the hydrosphere, atmosphere, pedosphere, and biosphere. Human activities have increased the concentration of Hg in ecosystems, which can negatively impact them and environmental health due to its known toxicity to living organisms. Therefore, it is important to understand how mercury concentration varies both among different compartments of terrestrial ecosystems where it accumulates, such as soil and the biosphere, and geographically. To achieve this, I first conducted a literature review and then a meta-analysis (68 selected articles) to analyze the geographical variation of Hg concentrations on a global scale and among compartments (pedosphere and biosphere). The results reveal that Hg concentrations vary between compartments, with higher accumulation of Hg in the pedosphere than in the biosphere. Hg concentrations increase with latitude (northward) and decrease with longitude (eastward), regardless of the compartment analyzed. However, Hg accumulation increases in soils located at higher latitudes. These results enhance our understanding of Hg distribution in terrestrial ecosystems, which would be the first step to prevent or minimize the harmful effects that this heavy metal produces in ecosystems and living beings.
Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal widely distributed across the planet and in various ecosystem compartments such as the hydrosphere, atmosphere, pedosphere, and biosphere. Human activities have increased the concentration of Hg in ecosystems, which can negatively impact them and environmental health due to its known toxicity to living organisms. Therefore, it is important to understand how mercury concentration varies both among different compartments of terrestrial ecosystems where it accumulates, such as soil and the biosphere, and geographically. To achieve this, I first conducted a literature review and then a meta-analysis (68 selected articles) to analyze the geographical variation of Hg concentrations on a global scale and among compartments (pedosphere and biosphere). The results reveal that Hg concentrations vary between compartments, with higher accumulation of Hg in the pedosphere than in the biosphere. Hg concentrations increase with latitude (northward) and decrease with longitude (eastward), regardless of the compartment analyzed. However, Hg accumulation increases in soils located at higher latitudes. These results enhance our understanding of Hg distribution in terrestrial ecosystems, which would be the first step to prevent or minimize the harmful effects that this heavy metal produces in ecosystems and living beings.
Direction
MARTINEZ CORTIZAS, ANTONIO MANUEL (Tutorships)
SOBRAL BERNAL, Mº MAR (Co-tutorships)
Losada Cuquejo, María (Co-tutorships)
MARTINEZ CORTIZAS, ANTONIO MANUEL (Tutorships)
SOBRAL BERNAL, Mº MAR (Co-tutorships)
Losada Cuquejo, María (Co-tutorships)
Court
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Secretary)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Secretary)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Antibiotic-carrying hydrogels
Authorship
N.R.C.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
N.R.C.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The study of gels has emerged as a fascinating field in chemistry as these materials stand out for their flexibility, thermal insulation, low density and high specific surface area, qualities that make them attractive for multiple applications ranging from cooking to space missions. In the context of biomedicine, their ability to retain other substances, their biocompatibility and their biodegradability are transforming the way drugs are developed and delivered, allowing a controlled and regulated release. This work focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of four low molecular weight organic gelling agents (LMWOGs), derived from 2-aminocyclohexanocarboxylic acids. Their synthesis, their ability to form gels in different solvents and their potential as drug-eluting systems are being investigated, especially for applications in biomedicine, where problems such as antibiotic resistance pose significant challenges. Preliminary results suggest that these LMWOGs could hold promise for prolonged local delivery of antimicrobial drugs, leveraging the unique properties of the gels to meet current clinical demands.
The study of gels has emerged as a fascinating field in chemistry as these materials stand out for their flexibility, thermal insulation, low density and high specific surface area, qualities that make them attractive for multiple applications ranging from cooking to space missions. In the context of biomedicine, their ability to retain other substances, their biocompatibility and their biodegradability are transforming the way drugs are developed and delivered, allowing a controlled and regulated release. This work focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of four low molecular weight organic gelling agents (LMWOGs), derived from 2-aminocyclohexanocarboxylic acids. Their synthesis, their ability to form gels in different solvents and their potential as drug-eluting systems are being investigated, especially for applications in biomedicine, where problems such as antibiotic resistance pose significant challenges. Preliminary results suggest that these LMWOGs could hold promise for prolonged local delivery of antimicrobial drugs, leveraging the unique properties of the gels to meet current clinical demands.
Direction
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Tutorships)
ESTEVEZ CABANAS, JUAN CARLOS (Tutorships)
Court
FERNANDEZ MEGIA, EDUARDO (Chairman)
MARTINEZ CALVO, MIGUEL (Secretary)
PEDRIDO CASTIÑEIRAS, ROSA MARIA (Member)
FERNANDEZ MEGIA, EDUARDO (Chairman)
MARTINEZ CALVO, MIGUEL (Secretary)
PEDRIDO CASTIÑEIRAS, ROSA MARIA (Member)
Visible-light photocatalysis in biological media
Authorship
M.G.A.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
M.G.A.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
In recent years, Bioorthogonal Chemistry has gained significant relevance in the field of medicine. Recent studies demonstrate the possibility of carrying out chemical transformations with transition metals in biological environments and within living cells without interfering with the biomolecules present, allowing for the selective manipulation of biological processes. Therefore, advances related to the discovery of new bioorthogonal processes are highly relevant in fields such as biological chemistry and biomedicine, enabling the development of new treatments based on selective drugs. In this work, we propose adapting a reaction previously studied by Professor J.L. Mascareñas's research group to make it selective for cancer cell lines that overexpress integrin membrane proteins. Parallelly, as part of the equivalent Biology thesis, the integrin levels of different cell lines are characterized. Additionally, the study focuses on a tandem reaction, combining a photochemical reaction with a transformation based on metal photocatalysis, allowing for the development of new coordinated processes within cells. The design and synthesis of a new ruthenium catalyst with an RGD motif, providing selective properties for cells, is presented. The synthesis of a fluorescent probe containing reactive positions for the aforementioned reactivity is also detailed, enabling monitoring of the tandem process in question.
In recent years, Bioorthogonal Chemistry has gained significant relevance in the field of medicine. Recent studies demonstrate the possibility of carrying out chemical transformations with transition metals in biological environments and within living cells without interfering with the biomolecules present, allowing for the selective manipulation of biological processes. Therefore, advances related to the discovery of new bioorthogonal processes are highly relevant in fields such as biological chemistry and biomedicine, enabling the development of new treatments based on selective drugs. In this work, we propose adapting a reaction previously studied by Professor J.L. Mascareñas's research group to make it selective for cancer cell lines that overexpress integrin membrane proteins. Parallelly, as part of the equivalent Biology thesis, the integrin levels of different cell lines are characterized. Additionally, the study focuses on a tandem reaction, combining a photochemical reaction with a transformation based on metal photocatalysis, allowing for the development of new coordinated processes within cells. The design and synthesis of a new ruthenium catalyst with an RGD motif, providing selective properties for cells, is presented. The synthesis of a fluorescent probe containing reactive positions for the aforementioned reactivity is also detailed, enabling monitoring of the tandem process in question.
Direction
Mascareñas Cid, Jose Luis (Tutorships)
TOMAS GAMASA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Mascareñas Cid, Jose Luis (Tutorships)
TOMAS GAMASA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
SARDINA LOPEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
PAZ CASTAÑAL, MANUEL MARIA (Secretary)
GARCIA FERNANDEZ, MARIA ESTHER (Member)
SARDINA LOPEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
PAZ CASTAÑAL, MANUEL MARIA (Secretary)
GARCIA FERNANDEZ, MARIA ESTHER (Member)
Affidendrons: Multivalent Recognition for Advanced Diagnosis
Authorship
N.M.V.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
N.M.V.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Imaging agents that incorporate recognition proteins such as affitins or affibodies facilitate early disease detection. Although these biomolecules stand out for their smaller size, greater solubility and ease of large-scale production when compared to antibodies, they do have a major handicap: a lower affinity for their targets. In order to solve this issue, our research group has recently described “affidendrons”, bioconjugates based on affitins and dendrimers that exponentially increase protein affinity for their targets by laying on the dendrimer’s multivalent surface, thus making them competitive against antibodies. However, the impossibility to control the number of dendrimer-binding affitins limits the develpment of this technology. In consequence, the present project, which is part of a macro-project aimed at the strategic synthesis of affidendrons, deals with the synthesis of a long-armed, labellable, stable, biocompatible dendrimer with a limited number of affitin-binding positions. The dendrimer synthesis is performed by green “click” chemistry, being the reactions used azide-alkyne cycloadditions in the absence of metal catalysis and the synthesis procedure divergent.
Imaging agents that incorporate recognition proteins such as affitins or affibodies facilitate early disease detection. Although these biomolecules stand out for their smaller size, greater solubility and ease of large-scale production when compared to antibodies, they do have a major handicap: a lower affinity for their targets. In order to solve this issue, our research group has recently described “affidendrons”, bioconjugates based on affitins and dendrimers that exponentially increase protein affinity for their targets by laying on the dendrimer’s multivalent surface, thus making them competitive against antibodies. However, the impossibility to control the number of dendrimer-binding affitins limits the develpment of this technology. In consequence, the present project, which is part of a macro-project aimed at the strategic synthesis of affidendrons, deals with the synthesis of a long-armed, labellable, stable, biocompatible dendrimer with a limited number of affitin-binding positions. The dendrimer synthesis is performed by green “click” chemistry, being the reactions used azide-alkyne cycloadditions in the absence of metal catalysis and the synthesis procedure divergent.
Direction
FERNANDEZ MEGIA, EDUARDO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MEGIA, EDUARDO (Tutorships)
Court
SARDINA LOPEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
PAZ CASTAÑAL, MANUEL MARIA (Secretary)
GARCIA FERNANDEZ, MARIA ESTHER (Member)
SARDINA LOPEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
PAZ CASTAÑAL, MANUEL MARIA (Secretary)
GARCIA FERNANDEZ, MARIA ESTHER (Member)
In-vitro metabolism study of rubber production-related substances. Part A
Authorship
B.A.L.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
B.A.L.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The tire anti-degradant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its oxidation product N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenyl-enediamine-quinone (6PPDQ) are of great concern since they are present in the vast majority of environmental matrices and have also been recently detected in human samples. Even though 6PPDQ has shown to cause lethality in coho salmon, little is known about the effect of these compounds on human health. The level of exposure and their potential risk can be evaluated through human biomonitoring (HBM), being urine an appropriate matrix. This requires previous knowledge on the compounds that are excreted after the exposition to 6PPD and 6PPDQ. In this study, in-vitro Phase I and Phase II metabolism assays are carried out to identify their metabolites. Human liver microsomes (HLMs) are employed for Phase I and glucuronidation reactions, using the corresponding coenzyme. Human liver cytosolic fractions (HLCYTs) are employed in sulfation experiments. Potential metabolites of both substances are obtained and analysed, owing to previously created suspect lists, through screening by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Both positive and negative ionization are applied in Data-dependent acquisition mode (DDA). The interpretation of the MS/MS spectra of these substances allows for the elucidation of seven compounds derived from 6PPD and four 6PPDQ metabolites. The analysis is completed by the study of their incubation trends. Biotransformation pathways starting from their parent compounds are proposed in both cases. These generated metabolites could be suitable biomarkers in future HBM studies.
The tire anti-degradant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its oxidation product N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenyl-enediamine-quinone (6PPDQ) are of great concern since they are present in the vast majority of environmental matrices and have also been recently detected in human samples. Even though 6PPDQ has shown to cause lethality in coho salmon, little is known about the effect of these compounds on human health. The level of exposure and their potential risk can be evaluated through human biomonitoring (HBM), being urine an appropriate matrix. This requires previous knowledge on the compounds that are excreted after the exposition to 6PPD and 6PPDQ. In this study, in-vitro Phase I and Phase II metabolism assays are carried out to identify their metabolites. Human liver microsomes (HLMs) are employed for Phase I and glucuronidation reactions, using the corresponding coenzyme. Human liver cytosolic fractions (HLCYTs) are employed in sulfation experiments. Potential metabolites of both substances are obtained and analysed, owing to previously created suspect lists, through screening by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Both positive and negative ionization are applied in Data-dependent acquisition mode (DDA). The interpretation of the MS/MS spectra of these substances allows for the elucidation of seven compounds derived from 6PPD and four 6PPDQ metabolites. The analysis is completed by the study of their incubation trends. Biotransformation pathways starting from their parent compounds are proposed in both cases. These generated metabolites could be suitable biomarkers in future HBM studies.
Direction
RODIL RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL ROSARIO (Tutorships)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Co-tutorships)
RODIL RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL ROSARIO (Tutorships)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ABOAL SOMOZA, MANUEL (Chairman)
CASTRO VARELA, GABRIELA (Secretary)
FERRO COSTAS, DAVID (Member)
ABOAL SOMOZA, MANUEL (Chairman)
CASTRO VARELA, GABRIELA (Secretary)
FERRO COSTAS, DAVID (Member)
Model microplastic study
Authorship
A.F.D.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
A.F.D.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Los plásticos son considerados uno de los mayores contaminantes actuales, debido a su amplia distribución y durabilidad. Concretamente, el efecto de los microplásticos, así como su comportamiento, es un campo de estudio muy reciente, por lo que su investigación es enormemente necesaria. En este trabajo se realizó una caracterización de estos, así como un estudio de fotoenvejecimiento acelerado, con el fin de simular su proceso de degradación en el medio ambiente y estudiar su mecanismo. Para hacer el seguimiento de esta degradación se utilizaron distintos métodos de identificación tradicionales, como la espectroscopía FTIR o la calorimetría diferencial de barrido. Tras el análisis de los resultados se propuso un mecanismo de oxidación para las principales unidades funcionales de cada polímero estudiado. Para acabar, se llegó a la conclusión de que el PS es más resistente a la foto-oxidación que el ABS y que el SBC. Además, a menor tamaño de partícula, la radiación parece tener un menor efecto degradativo.
Los plásticos son considerados uno de los mayores contaminantes actuales, debido a su amplia distribución y durabilidad. Concretamente, el efecto de los microplásticos, así como su comportamiento, es un campo de estudio muy reciente, por lo que su investigación es enormemente necesaria. En este trabajo se realizó una caracterización de estos, así como un estudio de fotoenvejecimiento acelerado, con el fin de simular su proceso de degradación en el medio ambiente y estudiar su mecanismo. Para hacer el seguimiento de esta degradación se utilizaron distintos métodos de identificación tradicionales, como la espectroscopía FTIR o la calorimetría diferencial de barrido. Tras el análisis de los resultados se propuso un mecanismo de oxidación para las principales unidades funcionales de cada polímero estudiado. Para acabar, se llegó a la conclusión de que el PS es más resistente a la foto-oxidación que el ABS y que el SBC. Además, a menor tamaño de partícula, la radiación parece tener un menor efecto degradativo.
Direction
LAZZARI , MASSIMO (Tutorships)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Co-tutorships)
LAZZARI , MASSIMO (Tutorships)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ABOAL SOMOZA, MANUEL (Chairman)
CASTRO VARELA, GABRIELA (Secretary)
FERRO COSTAS, DAVID (Member)
ABOAL SOMOZA, MANUEL (Chairman)
CASTRO VARELA, GABRIELA (Secretary)
FERRO COSTAS, DAVID (Member)
Study on the Effect of Exposure to TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Elemental Content of Seaweed
Authorship
L.R.N.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
L.R.N.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The increase in the production of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) leads to a rise in their concentration in nature. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the presence of nTiO2 affects living organisms, but significant knowledge gaps still exist. This study investigated the effect of 5 nm nTiO2 on the elemental content of green algae (Ulva sp.) through multielemental analysis using ICP-MS. The elemental content was measured in Ulva sp. samples exposed to different concentrations of nTiO2 (0, 0.1, and 1 mg/L) over exposure periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The elements measured (As, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, V, and Zn) were chosen due to their significant variation observed in a preliminary semiquantitative analysis also conducted using ICP-MS. It was demonstrated that an increase in titanium concentration caused an increase in the elemental content of As, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Rb, and V in Ulva sp. At high concentrations of nTiO2, the exposure time showed different effects depending on the element analyzed. Co, Cu, and Mo concentrations increased with exposure time, while As, Cd, and Ce concentrations decreased. Rb and V did not show any variation. Therefore, it is concluded that the presence of nTiO2 affects the metallic content of Ulva sp.
The increase in the production of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) leads to a rise in their concentration in nature. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the presence of nTiO2 affects living organisms, but significant knowledge gaps still exist. This study investigated the effect of 5 nm nTiO2 on the elemental content of green algae (Ulva sp.) through multielemental analysis using ICP-MS. The elemental content was measured in Ulva sp. samples exposed to different concentrations of nTiO2 (0, 0.1, and 1 mg/L) over exposure periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The elements measured (As, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, V, and Zn) were chosen due to their significant variation observed in a preliminary semiquantitative analysis also conducted using ICP-MS. It was demonstrated that an increase in titanium concentration caused an increase in the elemental content of As, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Rb, and V in Ulva sp. At high concentrations of nTiO2, the exposure time showed different effects depending on the element analyzed. Co, Cu, and Mo concentrations increased with exposure time, while As, Cd, and Ce concentrations decreased. Rb and V did not show any variation. Therefore, it is concluded that the presence of nTiO2 affects the metallic content of Ulva sp.
Direction
PEÑA VAZQUEZ, ELENA MARIA (Tutorships)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Co-tutorships)
PEÑA VAZQUEZ, ELENA MARIA (Tutorships)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Co-tutorships)
Court
ABOAL SOMOZA, MANUEL (Chairman)
CASTRO VARELA, GABRIELA (Secretary)
FERRO COSTAS, DAVID (Member)
ABOAL SOMOZA, MANUEL (Chairman)
CASTRO VARELA, GABRIELA (Secretary)
FERRO COSTAS, DAVID (Member)
The importance of cell membranes in the fight against infections: A view through computational chemistry
Authorship
U.L.V.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
U.L.V.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) target certain membranes specifically depending on the lipid composition, which makes them potential alternatives to current antimicrobial agents. Molecular Dynamics (MD) computational simulations may be useful in order to obtain a more detailed view of the mechanism of action of AMPs on membranes and facilitate their design. In this work, MD simulations of CM15 -cationic AMP- in aqueous solution and mammalian and bacterial model membranes were performed. To test the reproducibility of the simulations, 50 replicas of each type of system were carried out. The analysis revealed good reproducibility of CM15 in aqueous solution, which aggregates due to its amphipathic nature. This aggregate initially makes contact with the polar heads of both types of membranes through its positively charged residues. The hydrophobic residues are then exposed towards the lipid tails of the membrane, decreasing the stability of the aggregate which results in the segregation into two possible final conformations: (i) clusters of two antiparallel peptides or (ii) individual peptides. The results suggest that the observed trends are not random artefacts, but inherent features of the peptide behaviour in the presence of both membranes. These findings underline the importance of performing multiple replicates in MD studies to ensure the validity of the results and allow the design of new AMPs with improved selectivity.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) target certain membranes specifically depending on the lipid composition, which makes them potential alternatives to current antimicrobial agents. Molecular Dynamics (MD) computational simulations may be useful in order to obtain a more detailed view of the mechanism of action of AMPs on membranes and facilitate their design. In this work, MD simulations of CM15 -cationic AMP- in aqueous solution and mammalian and bacterial model membranes were performed. To test the reproducibility of the simulations, 50 replicas of each type of system were carried out. The analysis revealed good reproducibility of CM15 in aqueous solution, which aggregates due to its amphipathic nature. This aggregate initially makes contact with the polar heads of both types of membranes through its positively charged residues. The hydrophobic residues are then exposed towards the lipid tails of the membrane, decreasing the stability of the aggregate which results in the segregation into two possible final conformations: (i) clusters of two antiparallel peptides or (ii) individual peptides. The results suggest that the observed trends are not random artefacts, but inherent features of the peptide behaviour in the presence of both membranes. These findings underline the importance of performing multiple replicates in MD studies to ensure the validity of the results and allow the design of new AMPs with improved selectivity.
Direction
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Tutorships)
Suárez Lestón, Fabián (Co-tutorships)
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Tutorships)
Suárez Lestón, Fabián (Co-tutorships)
Court
TOJO SUAREZ, GABRIEL (Chairman)
FONDO BUSTO, MARIA MATILDE (Secretary)
TORNEIRO ABUIN, MERCEDES (Member)
TOJO SUAREZ, GABRIEL (Chairman)
FONDO BUSTO, MARIA MATILDE (Secretary)
TORNEIRO ABUIN, MERCEDES (Member)
Dendrimeric vectors for gene therapy: structure-activity relationship. PART B
Authorship
N.M.P.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
N.M.P.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Gene therapy offers a revolutionary hope for the treatment of numerous diseases. Despite significant advances in the development of viral vectors, their high production cost and severe associated adverse effects have driven the search for non-viral alternatives. In this context, polymeric vehicles appear as a promising option to overcome these limitations. However, polymeric systems face other challenges, notably endosomal capture. This work explores the functionalization of dendritic systems to address this issue. The combination of dendrimers properties with boronic acid chemistry allows for the specific functionalization of the dendritic systems through variations in the subunits that reversibly bind to boronic acids. In the present work, the focus is on the search for vectors that achieve endosomal escape. Thus, the effect of different molecular subunits on the system's efficiency was studied, hoping that they could serve as enhancers of endosomal escape and, therefore, gene expression. The synthesis of the subunits, functionalized with catechol groups, was carried out following two synthetic strategies, depending on the nature of the final product. After their synthesis and characterization, they were assembled into the system previously designed by the group, through the formation of pH-sensitive boronate bonds, and their in vitro transfection capacity was evaluated. The results achieved were not satisfactory, so further studies will be required to optimize the system.
Gene therapy offers a revolutionary hope for the treatment of numerous diseases. Despite significant advances in the development of viral vectors, their high production cost and severe associated adverse effects have driven the search for non-viral alternatives. In this context, polymeric vehicles appear as a promising option to overcome these limitations. However, polymeric systems face other challenges, notably endosomal capture. This work explores the functionalization of dendritic systems to address this issue. The combination of dendrimers properties with boronic acid chemistry allows for the specific functionalization of the dendritic systems through variations in the subunits that reversibly bind to boronic acids. In the present work, the focus is on the search for vectors that achieve endosomal escape. Thus, the effect of different molecular subunits on the system's efficiency was studied, hoping that they could serve as enhancers of endosomal escape and, therefore, gene expression. The synthesis of the subunits, functionalized with catechol groups, was carried out following two synthetic strategies, depending on the nature of the final product. After their synthesis and characterization, they were assembled into the system previously designed by the group, through the formation of pH-sensitive boronate bonds, and their in vitro transfection capacity was evaluated. The results achieved were not satisfactory, so further studies will be required to optimize the system.
Direction
FERNANDEZ MEGIA, EDUARDO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MEGIA, EDUARDO (Tutorships)
Court
TOJO SUAREZ, GABRIEL (Chairman)
FONDO BUSTO, MARIA MATILDE (Secretary)
TORNEIRO ABUIN, MERCEDES (Member)
TOJO SUAREZ, GABRIEL (Chairman)
FONDO BUSTO, MARIA MATILDE (Secretary)
TORNEIRO ABUIN, MERCEDES (Member)
Unraveling the role of hepatic p107 in lipid metabolism and ER stress in a diet-induced steatosis mouse model.
Authorship
L.O.V.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
L.O.V.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
The metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and its progression to more severe conditions such as metabolic associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are liver disorders with a high prevalence in the current Western population, manifesting as obesity, increased blood pressure, and insulin resistance, constituting metabolic syndrome. The protein p107 belongs to the pocket proteins family, along with Rb (retinoblastoma) and p130; it is involved not only in cell cycle regulation but also in energy metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Previous results from the team demonstrate that global and liver-specific p107 deficiency in mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) decreases body weight and the amount of white adipose tissue (WAT). Additionally, it prevents lipid accumulation in the liver of mice, inhibiting or delaying the progression of liver disease to severe stages through improved hepatic metabolism. Therefore, the objective of this bachelor's thesis is to investigate the actions of p107 in the progression from MAFLD to MASH and fibrosis. Specifically, it focuses on how the recovery of p107 in the liver of global p107 knockout (KO) mice affects the development of MAFLD in a mouse model with steatosis. The results obtained confirm the involvement of p107 in the onset and progression to MAFLD, as its rescue increases de novo lipogenesis and ER stress, and decreases beta-oxidation.
The metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and its progression to more severe conditions such as metabolic associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are liver disorders with a high prevalence in the current Western population, manifesting as obesity, increased blood pressure, and insulin resistance, constituting metabolic syndrome. The protein p107 belongs to the pocket proteins family, along with Rb (retinoblastoma) and p130; it is involved not only in cell cycle regulation but also in energy metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Previous results from the team demonstrate that global and liver-specific p107 deficiency in mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) decreases body weight and the amount of white adipose tissue (WAT). Additionally, it prevents lipid accumulation in the liver of mice, inhibiting or delaying the progression of liver disease to severe stages through improved hepatic metabolism. Therefore, the objective of this bachelor's thesis is to investigate the actions of p107 in the progression from MAFLD to MASH and fibrosis. Specifically, it focuses on how the recovery of p107 in the liver of global p107 knockout (KO) mice affects the development of MAFLD in a mouse model with steatosis. The results obtained confirm the involvement of p107 in the onset and progression to MAFLD, as its rescue increases de novo lipogenesis and ER stress, and decreases beta-oxidation.
Direction
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Tutorships)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Tutorships)
Court
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
EIBES GONZALEZ, GEMMA MARIA (Secretary)
COSTOYA PUENTE, JOSE ANTONIO (Member)
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
EIBES GONZALEZ, GEMMA MARIA (Secretary)
COSTOYA PUENTE, JOSE ANTONIO (Member)
Strategies for modulating adult neurogenesis and cell therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease
Authorship
R.C.R.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
R.C.R.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons in the adult brain, supported by the existence of neural stem cells -NSCs- in specific locations. This process is key for brain plasticity, memory, and mental health, and can be affected in neurodegenerative processes such as Parkinson's disease -PD-. Indeed, part of the symptoms associated with this pathology are related to a reduction in neurogenesis and the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. To date, there are no treatments that halt the course of the disease, making it essential to seek neuro-reparative therapeutic alternatives. In this work, we aimed to conduct a study on current strategies based on stimulating neurogenesis as well as evaluating the use of NSCs and other types of stem cells as a source of tissue for cell therapy as therapeutic options for PD, and to identify future challenges. Our results show that therapies that modulate neurogenesis, such as the administration of growth factors for its stimulation or the mobilization of neural progenitors to damaged areas, can slow the decline in neurogenesis or compensate for the loss of dopaminergic neurons in animal models of PD, improving motor and cognitive symptoms. On the other hand, stem cell transplantation for the replacement of damaged or lost neurons shows positive results in animal models of PD, although it faces challenges related to the origin of the cell source, immune response, and the risk of tumor formation that need to be addressed. Strategies such as cell encapsulation or genetic modification of cells could mitigate these risks. In conclusion, therapies based on stimulating neurogenesis and stem cell transplantation are promising strategies for treating PD, but they require overcoming challenges for effective clinical application. Combining these with other treatments and interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial in this field to improve patients' quality of life.
Neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons in the adult brain, supported by the existence of neural stem cells -NSCs- in specific locations. This process is key for brain plasticity, memory, and mental health, and can be affected in neurodegenerative processes such as Parkinson's disease -PD-. Indeed, part of the symptoms associated with this pathology are related to a reduction in neurogenesis and the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. To date, there are no treatments that halt the course of the disease, making it essential to seek neuro-reparative therapeutic alternatives. In this work, we aimed to conduct a study on current strategies based on stimulating neurogenesis as well as evaluating the use of NSCs and other types of stem cells as a source of tissue for cell therapy as therapeutic options for PD, and to identify future challenges. Our results show that therapies that modulate neurogenesis, such as the administration of growth factors for its stimulation or the mobilization of neural progenitors to damaged areas, can slow the decline in neurogenesis or compensate for the loss of dopaminergic neurons in animal models of PD, improving motor and cognitive symptoms. On the other hand, stem cell transplantation for the replacement of damaged or lost neurons shows positive results in animal models of PD, although it faces challenges related to the origin of the cell source, immune response, and the risk of tumor formation that need to be addressed. Strategies such as cell encapsulation or genetic modification of cells could mitigate these risks. In conclusion, therapies based on stimulating neurogenesis and stem cell transplantation are promising strategies for treating PD, but they require overcoming challenges for effective clinical application. Combining these with other treatments and interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial in this field to improve patients' quality of life.
Direction
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Co-tutorships)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Co-tutorships)
Court
ARCE VAZQUEZ, VICTOR MANUEL (Chairman)
GARCIA VIDAL, ANGEL (Secretary)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Member)
ARCE VAZQUEZ, VICTOR MANUEL (Chairman)
GARCIA VIDAL, ANGEL (Secretary)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Member)
Characterization of PAK kinases as potential senolytic targets
Authorship
S.G.S.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
S.G.S.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Cellular senescence is a state of stable cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells tend to accumulate over time and promote an inflammatory state implicated in age-related alterations. Recently, senescence therapy has gained interest as a novel therapeutic strategy consisting of taking advantage of the specific characteristics of senescent cells to treat a multitude of diseases by eliminating or modifying these cells. Senolytics are compounds that selectively kill senescent cells. In our laboratory, a compound, G-5555, with potential senolytic activity has been identified. Its potential mechanism of action would be the inhibition of the the PAK family of serine/threonine kinases, which are involved in aging and senescence, and whose silencing has been related to an increase in life expectancy in animal models. In this work we studied the activity of the compound G-5555 and the effect of silencing PAK1 and PAK2 gene expression in the context of cellular senescence. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed with proliferative and senescent A549 cells. The results showed that compound G-5555 did not present senolytic activity at low concentrations, while at high concentrations it killed both cell types, and is therefore not specific to the senescent state. Individual generation of two A549 cell lines with stable silenced PAK1 and PAK2 genes was achieved by lentiviral transduction, and correct silencing was verified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. Induction of senescence in these cell lines did not result in widespread cell death. There were also no notable differences between proliferative and senescent cells and their corresponding non-silencing controls in X-gal staining assays or clonogenicity assays, although a significant decrease in the expression of a marker of the secretory phenotype characteristic of senescence was detected. It is concluded that compound G-5555 or gene silencing of PAK1 and PAK2 kinases, under the experimental conditions employed in this work, do not seem to have the expected senolytic effect.
Cellular senescence is a state of stable cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells tend to accumulate over time and promote an inflammatory state implicated in age-related alterations. Recently, senescence therapy has gained interest as a novel therapeutic strategy consisting of taking advantage of the specific characteristics of senescent cells to treat a multitude of diseases by eliminating or modifying these cells. Senolytics are compounds that selectively kill senescent cells. In our laboratory, a compound, G-5555, with potential senolytic activity has been identified. Its potential mechanism of action would be the inhibition of the the PAK family of serine/threonine kinases, which are involved in aging and senescence, and whose silencing has been related to an increase in life expectancy in animal models. In this work we studied the activity of the compound G-5555 and the effect of silencing PAK1 and PAK2 gene expression in the context of cellular senescence. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed with proliferative and senescent A549 cells. The results showed that compound G-5555 did not present senolytic activity at low concentrations, while at high concentrations it killed both cell types, and is therefore not specific to the senescent state. Individual generation of two A549 cell lines with stable silenced PAK1 and PAK2 genes was achieved by lentiviral transduction, and correct silencing was verified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. Induction of senescence in these cell lines did not result in widespread cell death. There were also no notable differences between proliferative and senescent cells and their corresponding non-silencing controls in X-gal staining assays or clonogenicity assays, although a significant decrease in the expression of a marker of the secretory phenotype characteristic of senescence was detected. It is concluded that compound G-5555 or gene silencing of PAK1 and PAK2 kinases, under the experimental conditions employed in this work, do not seem to have the expected senolytic effect.
Direction
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Collado Rodríguez, Manuel (Co-tutorships)
DA SILVA ALVAREZ, SABELA (Co-tutorships)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Collado Rodríguez, Manuel (Co-tutorships)
DA SILVA ALVAREZ, SABELA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ARCE VAZQUEZ, VICTOR MANUEL (Chairman)
GARCIA VIDAL, ANGEL (Secretary)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Member)
ARCE VAZQUEZ, VICTOR MANUEL (Chairman)
GARCIA VIDAL, ANGEL (Secretary)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Member)
Meat products alternatives
Authorship
D.V.M.Z.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
D.V.M.Z.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Environmental concerns generated by the intensification of livestock farming have created a demand in the population for meat alternatives. Protein obtained from the filamentous fungus Fusarium venenatum is the main candidate among unicellular proteins. This bibliographic work performs a systematic review of the current literature on mycoprotein suitable for human consumption with the aim of presenting the nutritional values and health impact of its consumption and analyzing the environmental and economic viability of production. In the present work, mycoprotein is presented as an ideal nutritional supplement in a basic diet due to its high protein and fiber content, in addition to the multiple health benefits attributed to it. Also, the large-scale production of mycoprotein has a smaller environmental footprint compared to conventional protein sources with the possibility of substituting carbon sources from agro-industrial waste. Finally, the feasibility and economic comparison with respect to existing meat proteins is presented. Mycoprotein is an excellent meat substitute due to its nutritional values and designed texture, but it does not have a competitive price that makes it accessible to the entire population.
Environmental concerns generated by the intensification of livestock farming have created a demand in the population for meat alternatives. Protein obtained from the filamentous fungus Fusarium venenatum is the main candidate among unicellular proteins. This bibliographic work performs a systematic review of the current literature on mycoprotein suitable for human consumption with the aim of presenting the nutritional values and health impact of its consumption and analyzing the environmental and economic viability of production. In the present work, mycoprotein is presented as an ideal nutritional supplement in a basic diet due to its high protein and fiber content, in addition to the multiple health benefits attributed to it. Also, the large-scale production of mycoprotein has a smaller environmental footprint compared to conventional protein sources with the possibility of substituting carbon sources from agro-industrial waste. Finally, the feasibility and economic comparison with respect to existing meat proteins is presented. Mycoprotein is an excellent meat substitute due to its nutritional values and designed texture, but it does not have a competitive price that makes it accessible to the entire population.
Direction
DIAZ JULLIEN, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
DIAZ JULLIEN, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
Court
ARCE VAZQUEZ, VICTOR MANUEL (Chairman)
GARCIA VIDAL, ANGEL (Secretary)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Member)
ARCE VAZQUEZ, VICTOR MANUEL (Chairman)
GARCIA VIDAL, ANGEL (Secretary)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Member)
Understanding the impact of mitochondrial function on lung adenocarcinoma spheroid formation. A 3D model of personalized medicine
Authorship
S.S.C.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
S.S.C.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Mitochondrial metabolism acts as a driver in cancer. Its function is organized by two genomes: nuclear and mitochondrial (mtDNA). mtDNA is likely to suffer somatic mutations associated with different prognosis, but whether they act as a driver or have a functional impact is yet unknown. mtDNA has evolved through the accumulation of adaptive variants, creating phylogenetically related population groups known as “mitochondrial haplogroups”. Indeed, several mtDNA backgrounds have been associated with the risks of developing different types of cancer, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their role in oncogenesis are yet unknown. Thus, to analyze their impact on tumor formation, we modulated (under different metabolic conditions); growth, viability, cell compaction and number of cells in a 3D model of lung adenocarcinoma spheroids carrying different mtDNA haplogroups, as well as the frequent heteroplasmic mutation m.3243A-G. We observed that the mtDNA variants affected 3D growth and compaction depending on the mitochondrial background, independent of their number of cells and viability. Additionally, given the importance of mitochondria in the hypoxia response (1% O2) characteristic of tumoral microenvironment, we studied its impact on spheroid formation. We noticed spheroid compaction under hypoxia depending on the mtDNA variants. We also observed the impact on spheroid formation of different levels of heteroplasmy in m.3243A-G, modulating it through autophagy activation with the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 inhibitors. Heteroplasmy was analyzed by DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing. We achieved a small reduction in heteroplasmy levels, enough to modify spheroid morphology. Altogether, this study shows a crucial relevance of mtDNA variants on spheroid formation, making this 3D model a helpful tool to study oncogenesis.
Mitochondrial metabolism acts as a driver in cancer. Its function is organized by two genomes: nuclear and mitochondrial (mtDNA). mtDNA is likely to suffer somatic mutations associated with different prognosis, but whether they act as a driver or have a functional impact is yet unknown. mtDNA has evolved through the accumulation of adaptive variants, creating phylogenetically related population groups known as “mitochondrial haplogroups”. Indeed, several mtDNA backgrounds have been associated with the risks of developing different types of cancer, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their role in oncogenesis are yet unknown. Thus, to analyze their impact on tumor formation, we modulated (under different metabolic conditions); growth, viability, cell compaction and number of cells in a 3D model of lung adenocarcinoma spheroids carrying different mtDNA haplogroups, as well as the frequent heteroplasmic mutation m.3243A-G. We observed that the mtDNA variants affected 3D growth and compaction depending on the mitochondrial background, independent of their number of cells and viability. Additionally, given the importance of mitochondria in the hypoxia response (1% O2) characteristic of tumoral microenvironment, we studied its impact on spheroid formation. We noticed spheroid compaction under hypoxia depending on the mtDNA variants. We also observed the impact on spheroid formation of different levels of heteroplasmy in m.3243A-G, modulating it through autophagy activation with the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 inhibitors. Heteroplasmy was analyzed by DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing. We achieved a small reduction in heteroplasmy levels, enough to modify spheroid morphology. Altogether, this study shows a crucial relevance of mtDNA variants on spheroid formation, making this 3D model a helpful tool to study oncogenesis.
Direction
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Tutorships)
DE JESUS SEN, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Tutorships)
DE JESUS SEN, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ARCE VAZQUEZ, VICTOR MANUEL (Chairman)
GARCIA VIDAL, ANGEL (Secretary)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Member)
ARCE VAZQUEZ, VICTOR MANUEL (Chairman)
GARCIA VIDAL, ANGEL (Secretary)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Member)
Identification of functional domains in a DNA repair helicase in eukaryotes.
Authorship
M.B.V.O.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
M.B.V.O.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Genomic stability is critical for cell viability and normal development of organisms, as defects in DNA repair pathways are involved in the appearance of multiple disorders and diseases. It has been described that the PIF1 helicase family, very conserved throughout evolution, contributes to maintain genome integrity in both nuclear and mitochondrial levels in multiple organisms. Despite mammals only encode one PIF1 family helicase, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses two: ScPif1 and Rrm3. The mechanism by which the latter moves to the nucleus, where it performs its functions, is not entirely clear. Prelimininary results and researchs from the laboratory suggested the existence of a nuclear localization signal in the N-terminal end of Rrm3. To test this hypothesis, we constructed several integrative vectors with two versions of the gene fused to eGFP and under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter: one wild-type and other truncated, lacking aminoacids 3-230. These vectors were used to transform S. cerevisiae strains with the wild-type RRM3 gene deleted, to observe the localization of the Rrm3 helicase by fluorescence microscopy. After the induction of the genes, the transformed cells were visualized in vivo, and it was observed that those containing the full version of RRM3 localized in the nucleus; however, those containing the truncated version remained in the cytoplasm. The results obtained in this work point to the existence of a nuclear localization signal in the N-terminal end of Rrm3, although its exact position remains to be determined. Understanding the mechanism of Rrm3's import into the nucleus will be important for elucidating the processes in which this helicase is involved to contribute to the maintenance of genome integrity.
Genomic stability is critical for cell viability and normal development of organisms, as defects in DNA repair pathways are involved in the appearance of multiple disorders and diseases. It has been described that the PIF1 helicase family, very conserved throughout evolution, contributes to maintain genome integrity in both nuclear and mitochondrial levels in multiple organisms. Despite mammals only encode one PIF1 family helicase, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses two: ScPif1 and Rrm3. The mechanism by which the latter moves to the nucleus, where it performs its functions, is not entirely clear. Prelimininary results and researchs from the laboratory suggested the existence of a nuclear localization signal in the N-terminal end of Rrm3. To test this hypothesis, we constructed several integrative vectors with two versions of the gene fused to eGFP and under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter: one wild-type and other truncated, lacking aminoacids 3-230. These vectors were used to transform S. cerevisiae strains with the wild-type RRM3 gene deleted, to observe the localization of the Rrm3 helicase by fluorescence microscopy. After the induction of the genes, the transformed cells were visualized in vivo, and it was observed that those containing the full version of RRM3 localized in the nucleus; however, those containing the truncated version remained in the cytoplasm. The results obtained in this work point to the existence of a nuclear localization signal in the N-terminal end of Rrm3, although its exact position remains to be determined. Understanding the mechanism of Rrm3's import into the nucleus will be important for elucidating the processes in which this helicase is involved to contribute to the maintenance of genome integrity.
Direction
González Blanco, Miguel (Tutorships)
Crugeiras Ríos, María (Co-tutorships)
González Blanco, Miguel (Tutorships)
Crugeiras Ríos, María (Co-tutorships)
Court
ARCE VAZQUEZ, VICTOR MANUEL (Chairman)
GARCIA VIDAL, ANGEL (Secretary)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Member)
ARCE VAZQUEZ, VICTOR MANUEL (Chairman)
GARCIA VIDAL, ANGEL (Secretary)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Member)
Skin regeneration with stem cells
Authorship
S.A.A.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
S.A.A.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:00
07.17.2024 16:00
Summary
Skin regeneration is a complex biological process in which damaged or lost skin tissue is replaced and restored. It is based on the body's inherent ability to repair and renew its skin structure. Multiple factors participate in this process, such as the stem cells that make up the skin, which stand out for their self-renewal and proliferation capabilities. In the context of regenerative medicine, special attention has been paid to the development of therapies involving fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. The importance of the development of these therapies is based on the fact that these cells can be used to replace lost or damaged skin cells, which promotes wound healing, improves skin texture and helps combat the signs of aging, as well as diseases. cutaneous.
Skin regeneration is a complex biological process in which damaged or lost skin tissue is replaced and restored. It is based on the body's inherent ability to repair and renew its skin structure. Multiple factors participate in this process, such as the stem cells that make up the skin, which stand out for their self-renewal and proliferation capabilities. In the context of regenerative medicine, special attention has been paid to the development of therapies involving fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. The importance of the development of these therapies is based on the fact that these cells can be used to replace lost or damaged skin cells, which promotes wound healing, improves skin texture and helps combat the signs of aging, as well as diseases. cutaneous.
Direction
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Tutorships)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Chairman)
DIAZ JULLIEN, CRISTINA (Secretary)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Member)
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Chairman)
DIAZ JULLIEN, CRISTINA (Secretary)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Member)
Characterization of alkaline phosphatase in a pathophysiological context
Authorship
A.A.C.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
A.A.C.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:00
07.17.2024 16:00
Summary
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a crucial enzyme for bone mineralization, although it is also associated with vascular calcification. This study proposes that TNAP activity varies with pH and that magnesium is essential for its activity. TNAP activity, as well as the impact of magnesium and calcium, were evaluated at various pH levels, and affinity constants (Km) were calculated at different pH levels and compared with mouse plasma. Para-Nitrophenol Phosphate (pNPP) was used as a substrate in the enzymatic assays. The results show that TNAP activity increases with pH, reaching its maximum under alkaline conditions. Enzymatic activity at pH 7.5 is approximately a 5% of that observed at pH 10.5. Magnesium is essential for enzymatic activity at all pH levels studied, with a decrease within 52% to 60% when magnesium is removed. The affinity constant (Km) decreases at physiological pH compared to more alkaline pH: 0.2154 mmol/L at pH 7.5, 0.3183 mmol/L at pH 8.5, 0.4206 mmol/L at pH 9.5, and 0.6519 mmol/L at pH 10.5, indicating a higher affinity for pNPP under physiological conditions. No significant differences were found in substrate affinity between recombinant TNAP and mouse plasma, suggesting that the main phosphatase that hydrolyzes pNPP in blood is tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. Considering the results, it is advisable to evaluate TNAP activity under physiological conditions (pH 7.4) to obtain clinically relevant results.
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a crucial enzyme for bone mineralization, although it is also associated with vascular calcification. This study proposes that TNAP activity varies with pH and that magnesium is essential for its activity. TNAP activity, as well as the impact of magnesium and calcium, were evaluated at various pH levels, and affinity constants (Km) were calculated at different pH levels and compared with mouse plasma. Para-Nitrophenol Phosphate (pNPP) was used as a substrate in the enzymatic assays. The results show that TNAP activity increases with pH, reaching its maximum under alkaline conditions. Enzymatic activity at pH 7.5 is approximately a 5% of that observed at pH 10.5. Magnesium is essential for enzymatic activity at all pH levels studied, with a decrease within 52% to 60% when magnesium is removed. The affinity constant (Km) decreases at physiological pH compared to more alkaline pH: 0.2154 mmol/L at pH 7.5, 0.3183 mmol/L at pH 8.5, 0.4206 mmol/L at pH 9.5, and 0.6519 mmol/L at pH 10.5, indicating a higher affinity for pNPP under physiological conditions. No significant differences were found in substrate affinity between recombinant TNAP and mouse plasma, suggesting that the main phosphatase that hydrolyzes pNPP in blood is tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. Considering the results, it is advisable to evaluate TNAP activity under physiological conditions (pH 7.4) to obtain clinically relevant results.
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Chairman)
DIAZ JULLIEN, CRISTINA (Secretary)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Member)
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Chairman)
DIAZ JULLIEN, CRISTINA (Secretary)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Member)
Personalised medicine strategies to overcome resistance to tumour therapies in solid tumours of the head and neck.
Authorship
S.F.P.
Bachelor of Biology
S.F.P.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 16:00
07.18.2024 16:00
Summary
Standard treatment for head and neck tumours combines chemotherapy and radiotherapy but is not always effective due to resistance in some patients. In this project, we seek to identify new pharmacogenomic combinations to overcome this resistance, focusing on the mechanisms that cause it, with the aim of developing a personalised therapy. We hypothesise that, by analysing resistance to standard treatments, we can identify pharmacogenomic combinations that overcome it. To test this hypothesis, we conducted several experiments. First, we analysed resistance to anti-tumour treatments with nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) enzyme inhibitors. Next, we studied resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in three tumour lines. Next, we investigated whether resistance to inhibitors of the Wnt/b-catenin signalling pathway was due to mutations in this pathway. Finally, we evaluated the antitumour efficacy of combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs and Wnt/b-catenin pathway inhibitors, as well as a new molecule identified by screening and its derivatives. For these experiments we used different laboratory materials and protocols, including various cell lines, cell care media, RNA isolation and amplification techniques (TRIzol protocol, quantification and qPCR), and viability treatments (ATPlite). The results showed that tumour cells can develop resistance to specific inhibitor treatments. Furthermore, we confirmed that combination therapies can be effective in overcoming this resistance and that some derivatives of the newly identified molecule could be an alternative to standard treatment.
Standard treatment for head and neck tumours combines chemotherapy and radiotherapy but is not always effective due to resistance in some patients. In this project, we seek to identify new pharmacogenomic combinations to overcome this resistance, focusing on the mechanisms that cause it, with the aim of developing a personalised therapy. We hypothesise that, by analysing resistance to standard treatments, we can identify pharmacogenomic combinations that overcome it. To test this hypothesis, we conducted several experiments. First, we analysed resistance to anti-tumour treatments with nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) enzyme inhibitors. Next, we studied resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in three tumour lines. Next, we investigated whether resistance to inhibitors of the Wnt/b-catenin signalling pathway was due to mutations in this pathway. Finally, we evaluated the antitumour efficacy of combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs and Wnt/b-catenin pathway inhibitors, as well as a new molecule identified by screening and its derivatives. For these experiments we used different laboratory materials and protocols, including various cell lines, cell care media, RNA isolation and amplification techniques (TRIzol protocol, quantification and qPCR), and viability treatments (ATPlite). The results showed that tumour cells can develop resistance to specific inhibitor treatments. Furthermore, we confirmed that combination therapies can be effective in overcoming this resistance and that some derivatives of the newly identified molecule could be an alternative to standard treatment.
Direction
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ MEDINA, EDUARDO (Co-tutorships)
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ MEDINA, EDUARDO (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLAZQUEZ CAEIRO, JOSE LUIS (Chairman)
BARCA MAYO, OLGA (Secretary)
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Member)
BLAZQUEZ CAEIRO, JOSE LUIS (Chairman)
BARCA MAYO, OLGA (Secretary)
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Member)
Identification of G protein-coupled receptor 39 protein expression profiles in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Authorship
L.Z.V.
Bachelor of Biology
L.Z.V.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 16:00
07.18.2024 16:00
Summary
Pancreatic cancer represents one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in Spain despite its relatively low incidence compared to other forms of cancer. Ductal adenocarcinoma represents the most predominant type of pancreatic cancer and surgical resection is currently the only potentially curative treatment for early stage PDAC, although it is only applicable to a small percentage of patients. The fact that the obestatin/GPR39 system acts as a regulatory system for changes in cell morphology, proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells leads us to postulate its applicability to antagonise the fundamental mechanisms associated with pancreatic cancer development. Add to this its potential link to the pathogenesis and/or clinical outcome of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and new avenues for pancreatic cancer detection and treatment open up. However, the mode of action of the obestatin/GPR39 system needs further elucidation to determine its potential as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment. Research and development of therapies aimed at regulating this system will provide new avenues of action for the development of treatments aimed at containing endogenous activation mechanisms and thus slowing the progression of this pathology. The main objective of the present work is to study the expression of the GPR39 receptor in pancreatic cancer. For this purpose, an observational study of GPR39 expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues has been carried out.
Pancreatic cancer represents one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in Spain despite its relatively low incidence compared to other forms of cancer. Ductal adenocarcinoma represents the most predominant type of pancreatic cancer and surgical resection is currently the only potentially curative treatment for early stage PDAC, although it is only applicable to a small percentage of patients. The fact that the obestatin/GPR39 system acts as a regulatory system for changes in cell morphology, proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells leads us to postulate its applicability to antagonise the fundamental mechanisms associated with pancreatic cancer development. Add to this its potential link to the pathogenesis and/or clinical outcome of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and new avenues for pancreatic cancer detection and treatment open up. However, the mode of action of the obestatin/GPR39 system needs further elucidation to determine its potential as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment. Research and development of therapies aimed at regulating this system will provide new avenues of action for the development of treatments aimed at containing endogenous activation mechanisms and thus slowing the progression of this pathology. The main objective of the present work is to study the expression of the GPR39 receptor in pancreatic cancer. For this purpose, an observational study of GPR39 expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues has been carried out.
Direction
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Tutorships)
PAZOS RANDULFE, YOLANDA (Co-tutorships)
Leal López, Saúl (Co-tutorships)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Tutorships)
PAZOS RANDULFE, YOLANDA (Co-tutorships)
Leal López, Saúl (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLAZQUEZ CAEIRO, JOSE LUIS (Chairman)
BARCA MAYO, OLGA (Secretary)
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Member)
BLAZQUEZ CAEIRO, JOSE LUIS (Chairman)
BARCA MAYO, OLGA (Secretary)
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Member)
Evaluation of photosensitizers in improving solar disinfection of drinking water against Cryptosporidium
Authorship
M.D.D.
Bachelor of Biology
M.D.D.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
In 2022, more than 1.7 billion people used fecally contaminated water sources. A solution to improve the microbiological quality of water in low- and middle-income countries would be to apply simple, accessible, sustainable, and economical methods, such as solar disinfection (SODIS). This option uses 1.5-2 L transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to expose contaminated water to solar radiation for at least 6 hours, taking advantage of the synergistic effect of ultraviolet radiation and high temperatures in pathogen inactivation. However, it has limitations, such as reduced effectiveness against protozoa, which is attempted to be improved by incorporating photosensitizers, compounds that react with sunlight and generate reactive oxygen species. The objective of this Final Degree Project is to evaluate the use of methylene blue, erythrosine, and riboflavin to improve the SODIS method for inactivating Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, a waterborne protozoan enteroparasite. For this purpose, 3 mL quartz reactors containing distilled water and the aforementioned photosensitizers along with the infective forms of C. parvum were exposed to simulated solar radiation at 40 W/m2 (290-400 nm) and 40ºC for 6 hours under a PET sheet. At 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours of exposure, oocyst viability was determined using an RT-qPCR technique targeting the mRNA of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) of the parasite. Additionally, the photodegradation of the photosensitizers was quantified by measuring absorbance at different wavelengths. The results indicate that the use of these compounds increases the effectiveness of the SODIS method, with the concentrations of 50, 1, and 100 microM of riboflavin, methylene blue, and erythrosine, respectively, being the most promising in providing intermediate-high protection against diarrheal diseases caused by waterborne protozoa.
In 2022, more than 1.7 billion people used fecally contaminated water sources. A solution to improve the microbiological quality of water in low- and middle-income countries would be to apply simple, accessible, sustainable, and economical methods, such as solar disinfection (SODIS). This option uses 1.5-2 L transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to expose contaminated water to solar radiation for at least 6 hours, taking advantage of the synergistic effect of ultraviolet radiation and high temperatures in pathogen inactivation. However, it has limitations, such as reduced effectiveness against protozoa, which is attempted to be improved by incorporating photosensitizers, compounds that react with sunlight and generate reactive oxygen species. The objective of this Final Degree Project is to evaluate the use of methylene blue, erythrosine, and riboflavin to improve the SODIS method for inactivating Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, a waterborne protozoan enteroparasite. For this purpose, 3 mL quartz reactors containing distilled water and the aforementioned photosensitizers along with the infective forms of C. parvum were exposed to simulated solar radiation at 40 W/m2 (290-400 nm) and 40ºC for 6 hours under a PET sheet. At 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours of exposure, oocyst viability was determined using an RT-qPCR technique targeting the mRNA of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) of the parasite. Additionally, the photodegradation of the photosensitizers was quantified by measuring absorbance at different wavelengths. The results indicate that the use of these compounds increases the effectiveness of the SODIS method, with the concentrations of 50, 1, and 100 microM of riboflavin, methylene blue, and erythrosine, respectively, being the most promising in providing intermediate-high protection against diarrheal diseases caused by waterborne protozoa.
Direction
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Tutorships)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Tutorships)
Court
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Chairman)
PORTEIRO COUTO, BEGOÑA (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Chairman)
PORTEIRO COUTO, BEGOÑA (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Identification of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the microbiota of clam associated with mortality due to decreased water salinity.
Authorship
M.F.R.
Bachelor of Biology
M.F.R.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
The production of bivalve mollusks in Galicia, specifically clams, has registered a significant decrease in 2023 due to intense rains that reduced the salinity of the water, causing high mortalities due to physiological stress and microbial infections. The variation of this environmental parameter could cause an imbalance in the microbiota of the clams, leading to the proliferation of opportunistic bacteria that develop diseases such as vibriosis, caused by species of the genus Vibrio such as Vibrio neptunius. This work focused on the identification and characterization of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the microbiota of clams (Venerupis corrugata) during a mortality outbreak induced in the laboratory by a decrease in water salinity. To this end, a collection of isolates from the microbiota was obtained during the outbreak and the enzymatic activities related to virulence (gelatinase, lipase, hemolysis and siderophore production) were phenotypically analyzed. The results showed an increase in the frequency and intensity of these, which is characteristic of a microbiota rich in potentially pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the presence of two genes described in V. neptunius (vnpA which encodes a vibriolysin-type metalloprotease and colA a collagenase ) was studied by PCR as possible molecular markers of vibriosis. It was found that only vnpA would be effective as an indicator to prevent mortality events. Finally, by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, 2 positive isolates for the aforementioned genes were identified as Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas species.
The production of bivalve mollusks in Galicia, specifically clams, has registered a significant decrease in 2023 due to intense rains that reduced the salinity of the water, causing high mortalities due to physiological stress and microbial infections. The variation of this environmental parameter could cause an imbalance in the microbiota of the clams, leading to the proliferation of opportunistic bacteria that develop diseases such as vibriosis, caused by species of the genus Vibrio such as Vibrio neptunius. This work focused on the identification and characterization of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the microbiota of clams (Venerupis corrugata) during a mortality outbreak induced in the laboratory by a decrease in water salinity. To this end, a collection of isolates from the microbiota was obtained during the outbreak and the enzymatic activities related to virulence (gelatinase, lipase, hemolysis and siderophore production) were phenotypically analyzed. The results showed an increase in the frequency and intensity of these, which is characteristic of a microbiota rich in potentially pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the presence of two genes described in V. neptunius (vnpA which encodes a vibriolysin-type metalloprotease and colA a collagenase ) was studied by PCR as possible molecular markers of vibriosis. It was found that only vnpA would be effective as an indicator to prevent mortality events. Finally, by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, 2 positive isolates for the aforementioned genes were identified as Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas species.
Direction
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
BALADO DACOSTA, MIGUEL (Co-tutorships)
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
BALADO DACOSTA, MIGUEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
Detection of Samonella spp. in food
Authorship
S.L.R.
Bachelor of Biology
S.L.R.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella spp., poses a significant global threat to human and animal health, as well as the food industry, resulting in substantial economic losses. In 2022, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) identified not-ready-to-eat foods as having the highest percentage of positives (2.1%), with broiler meat and products exhibiting the most contamination. This study aims to detect Salmonella spp. in chicken breasts from supermarkets and local butcheries in the Santiago de Compostela area. Information was gathered from various official sources, and the clinical microbiological procedure recommended by the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) was followed, along with pertinent biochemical, molecular, and proteomic tests. All samples yielded negative results for microbiological assays. Real-time PCR and EM-MALDI-TOF were performed on some samples to confirm the findings. The results suggest that Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council is being effectively implemented in local supermarkets and butcheries, preventing Salmonella spp. contamination in fresh poultry meat, which is crucial for public health in Spain.
Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella spp., poses a significant global threat to human and animal health, as well as the food industry, resulting in substantial economic losses. In 2022, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) identified not-ready-to-eat foods as having the highest percentage of positives (2.1%), with broiler meat and products exhibiting the most contamination. This study aims to detect Salmonella spp. in chicken breasts from supermarkets and local butcheries in the Santiago de Compostela area. Information was gathered from various official sources, and the clinical microbiological procedure recommended by the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) was followed, along with pertinent biochemical, molecular, and proteomic tests. All samples yielded negative results for microbiological assays. Real-time PCR and EM-MALDI-TOF were performed on some samples to confirm the findings. The results suggest that Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council is being effectively implemented in local supermarkets and butcheries, preventing Salmonella spp. contamination in fresh poultry meat, which is crucial for public health in Spain.
Direction
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Chairman)
PORTEIRO COUTO, BEGOÑA (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Chairman)
PORTEIRO COUTO, BEGOÑA (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Adaptation of VNNV virus to climate change: analysis of reassortment at 15 and 25ºC between RG and SJ, using ddPCR.
Authorship
C.C.M.
Bachelor of Biology
C.C.M.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
The issue of climate change is emerging in the field of aquaculture, forcing and accelerating to some extent the study of viruses affecting fish. The virus under study in this research is the Viral Nervous Necrosis Virus (VNNV), which has been the focus of numerous experiments in the last decade due to suspected positive relationship between virus replication and temperature. Isolates of this virus from the Nodaviridae family are classified into 4 genotypes: SJNNV, RGNNV, BFNNV, and TPNNV. VNNV is characterized by having a bisegmented RNA genome (RNA 1 and RNA 2), and viruses with rearranged genomes of types SJNNV/RGNNV, RGNNV/SJNNV have been described. Therefore, quantitative PCR and novel digital PCR were used to elucidate the correspondence between the replicative power of these strains, the possible recombination of RNA 1 and RNA 2 fragments from RGNNV and SJNNV, and their relationship with water temperature change. The results indicated that both strains have an optimal replication temperature of 25º C, while at 15º C the replicative capacity significantly decreases. Regarding recombinants, after co-infection, SJNNV/RGNNV recombinants were more likely at 15º C, and both SJNNV/RGNNV and RGNNV/SJNNV at 25º C, due to significant differences in the number of RNA1 and RNA2 replicas between both strains.
The issue of climate change is emerging in the field of aquaculture, forcing and accelerating to some extent the study of viruses affecting fish. The virus under study in this research is the Viral Nervous Necrosis Virus (VNNV), which has been the focus of numerous experiments in the last decade due to suspected positive relationship between virus replication and temperature. Isolates of this virus from the Nodaviridae family are classified into 4 genotypes: SJNNV, RGNNV, BFNNV, and TPNNV. VNNV is characterized by having a bisegmented RNA genome (RNA 1 and RNA 2), and viruses with rearranged genomes of types SJNNV/RGNNV, RGNNV/SJNNV have been described. Therefore, quantitative PCR and novel digital PCR were used to elucidate the correspondence between the replicative power of these strains, the possible recombination of RNA 1 and RNA 2 fragments from RGNNV and SJNNV, and their relationship with water temperature change. The results indicated that both strains have an optimal replication temperature of 25º C, while at 15º C the replicative capacity significantly decreases. Regarding recombinants, after co-infection, SJNNV/RGNNV recombinants were more likely at 15º C, and both SJNNV/RGNNV and RGNNV/SJNNV at 25º C, due to significant differences in the number of RNA1 and RNA2 replicas between both strains.
Direction
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Tutorships)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Co-tutorships)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Tutorships)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Co-tutorships)
Court
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Secretary)
FEIJOO JUARROS, SERGIO (Member)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Secretary)
FEIJOO JUARROS, SERGIO (Member)
Detection and quantification of emerging enteric viruses in wastewater.
Authorship
C.T.L.
Bachelor of Biology
C.T.L.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Introduction: The genus rotavirus (family Reoviridae) is a set of viruses whose genome is composed of 11 genomic segments of double-stranded RNA (1), discovered in 1973, and causes the majority of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in children worldwide (2). Hypothesis: it is possible to use wastewater samples as a tool in monitoring human viruses, a strategy known as wastewater epidemiology. Objectives: this work aims to evaluate the levels of this virus in untreated wastewater from sampling at the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Santiago de Compostela. Methodology: 126 samples were analyzed during the months of January 2021 to January 2022. The samples were processed and viral RNA extractions were performed to subsequently, using RT-qPCR, detect and quantify the presence of RV. Results: of the 126 samples analyzed, 100 were positive (79.37%). 3 peaks are observed in the concentrations, corresponding to the months of January, July and August 2021 and January 2022. The average number of genomic copies/L of wastewater is 6.04E+05, the minimum value was 5.38E +03 and the maximum 1.51E+07. Conclusion: We can use detection in wastewater to be able to predict and therefore prevent future outbreaks of viral infections.
Introduction: The genus rotavirus (family Reoviridae) is a set of viruses whose genome is composed of 11 genomic segments of double-stranded RNA (1), discovered in 1973, and causes the majority of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in children worldwide (2). Hypothesis: it is possible to use wastewater samples as a tool in monitoring human viruses, a strategy known as wastewater epidemiology. Objectives: this work aims to evaluate the levels of this virus in untreated wastewater from sampling at the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Santiago de Compostela. Methodology: 126 samples were analyzed during the months of January 2021 to January 2022. The samples were processed and viral RNA extractions were performed to subsequently, using RT-qPCR, detect and quantify the presence of RV. Results: of the 126 samples analyzed, 100 were positive (79.37%). 3 peaks are observed in the concentrations, corresponding to the months of January, July and August 2021 and January 2022. The average number of genomic copies/L of wastewater is 6.04E+05, the minimum value was 5.38E +03 and the maximum 1.51E+07. Conclusion: We can use detection in wastewater to be able to predict and therefore prevent future outbreaks of viral infections.
Direction
POLO MONTERO, DAVID (Tutorships)
POLO MONTERO, DAVID (Tutorships)
Court
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Secretary)
FEIJOO JUARROS, SERGIO (Member)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Secretary)
FEIJOO JUARROS, SERGIO (Member)
Vegetation regeneration dynamics after fire in an Ulex europaeus L. shrubland in the
Authorship
L.M.L.
Bachelor of Biology
L.M.L.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:00
07.17.2024 16:00
Summary
Fires are a necessary disturbance in certain ecosystems, especially in those adapted to their occurrence. However, they can also cause damage by altering habitats or reducing biodiversity. Island ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to disturbances and often have an important ecological value, hosting individuals or species with different characteristics from those on the mainland. This research will study the dynamics of vegetation recovery after a lightning-induced fire in autumn of 2020 on the Island of Ons, which belongs to the “Parque Nacional Marítimo Terrestre de las Islas Atlánticas de Galicia”. Additionally, it will seek to understand the effect of the fire severity, previously determined, on plant recovery. The burned ecosystem was an Atlantic shrubland of Ulex europaeus L. in the climax stage and the variables used to quantify recovery were the global horizontal cover, vertical vegetation structure, and average height of woody species, all of which were estimated visually. Vegetation recovery was not complete after the 33 months of this study, and it was clearly influenced by fire severity. Vegetation in areas affected by lower severity showed greater recovery in the three analyzed variables. These results provide a better understanding of the recovery dynamics of coastal Ulex europaeus shrublands, necessary for the management and implementation of conservation and management plans for these communities.
Fires are a necessary disturbance in certain ecosystems, especially in those adapted to their occurrence. However, they can also cause damage by altering habitats or reducing biodiversity. Island ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to disturbances and often have an important ecological value, hosting individuals or species with different characteristics from those on the mainland. This research will study the dynamics of vegetation recovery after a lightning-induced fire in autumn of 2020 on the Island of Ons, which belongs to the “Parque Nacional Marítimo Terrestre de las Islas Atlánticas de Galicia”. Additionally, it will seek to understand the effect of the fire severity, previously determined, on plant recovery. The burned ecosystem was an Atlantic shrubland of Ulex europaeus L. in the climax stage and the variables used to quantify recovery were the global horizontal cover, vertical vegetation structure, and average height of woody species, all of which were estimated visually. Vegetation recovery was not complete after the 33 months of this study, and it was clearly influenced by fire severity. Vegetation in areas affected by lower severity showed greater recovery in the three analyzed variables. These results provide a better understanding of the recovery dynamics of coastal Ulex europaeus shrublands, necessary for the management and implementation of conservation and management plans for these communities.
Direction
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Tutorships)
Cruz de la Fuente, Óscar (Co-tutorships)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Tutorships)
Cruz de la Fuente, Óscar (Co-tutorships)
Court
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Chairman)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
AIRA RODRÍGUEZ, Mª JESÚS (Member)
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Chairman)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
AIRA RODRÍGUEZ, Mª JESÚS (Member)
Characterization of a Red-Backed Shrike (Lanius collurio Linnaeus, 1758) population in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula
Authorship
A.P.P.
Bachelor of Biology
A.P.P.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:00
07.17.2024 16:00
Summary
The Red-Backed Shrike a mainly insectivorous bird with a long-distance migration; it breeds in open areas such as seminatural pastures. Recent changes in farmland systems worldwide are driving population declines in this species and others related with the traditional landfarm systems in the Iberian Peninsula or Europe. This study aimed to include the maximum amount of information about this species in well-preserved seminatural pastures of NW Iberia. The study helped to improve this bird’s specific niche requirements. Results of the study area showed that the species has a clear preference for establishing its territories in seminatural pastures with hedgerows. These territories had smaller sizes and also a bigger populational density than the European mean. Furthermore, its diet was defined as strictly insectivorous, with four predominating orders: Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. Significant differences were found between fledglings and adults when both the perch type and the perch height were independently tested, although significant differences were only found between females and males when the perch height was tested. Additionally, a phenological delay (migratory and reproductive) was detected between this population and other Iberian populations. Finally, reproductive success values suggest a stable or slightly increasing population.
The Red-Backed Shrike a mainly insectivorous bird with a long-distance migration; it breeds in open areas such as seminatural pastures. Recent changes in farmland systems worldwide are driving population declines in this species and others related with the traditional landfarm systems in the Iberian Peninsula or Europe. This study aimed to include the maximum amount of information about this species in well-preserved seminatural pastures of NW Iberia. The study helped to improve this bird’s specific niche requirements. Results of the study area showed that the species has a clear preference for establishing its territories in seminatural pastures with hedgerows. These territories had smaller sizes and also a bigger populational density than the European mean. Furthermore, its diet was defined as strictly insectivorous, with four predominating orders: Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. Significant differences were found between fledglings and adults when both the perch type and the perch height were independently tested, although significant differences were only found between females and males when the perch height was tested. Additionally, a phenological delay (migratory and reproductive) was detected between this population and other Iberian populations. Finally, reproductive success values suggest a stable or slightly increasing population.
Direction
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Court
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Chairman)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
AIRA RODRÍGUEZ, Mª JESÚS (Member)
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Chairman)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
AIRA RODRÍGUEZ, Mª JESÚS (Member)
Evolution of annual life form and recovery of perenniality in Jasione montana L. (Campanulaceae)
Authorship
P.R.O.
Bachelor of Biology
P.R.O.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.20.2024 10:00
02.20.2024 10:00
Summary
The genus Jasione L. is represented in the Iberian Peninsula by 12 species, being J. montana L. the most widely distributed, being considered the only one of its group with annual/biennial life from, so perenniality would be an ancestral character. Polyploidisation is a factor that may favour perenniality and vegetative reproduction in angiosperms. J. montana and the related species J. maritima have diploid and tetraploid populations in Galicia. This work studies four populations, one diploid and one tetraploid of each species, from the perspective of morphometrics, cytotypes and a demographic experiment of survival during 60 weeks in controlled plots. The aim was to assess whether polyploidisation is a factor related to the evolution of the perennial habit and vegetative reproduction in the groups studied, as well as to identify which morphological characters and organs may be related to these aspects. In this respect, subterranean characters, related to roots, shoots or (semi-)subterranean cauline organs such as stolons, were of particular importance. These characters are found in this work for the first time in both species, and despite their importance for the ecology and demography of the populations they were overlooked in conventional botanical treatments. The results of this work highlight the importance of including these characters in the biological and evolutionary understanding of Jasione, and relate their presence to the tetraploid character of the populations. Traits such as stolons or the existence of an underground shoot bank enable clonal reproduction and tetraploid perenniality. Plot survival monitoring corroborates the adoption of perenniality in J. montana tetraploids, while diploids remain as annuals/biennials. The same pattern is detected in J. maritima, although the species was considered to be globally perennial. This work suggests that polyploidisation was the causal factor in the adoption of the perennial ancestral life habit by J. montana.
The genus Jasione L. is represented in the Iberian Peninsula by 12 species, being J. montana L. the most widely distributed, being considered the only one of its group with annual/biennial life from, so perenniality would be an ancestral character. Polyploidisation is a factor that may favour perenniality and vegetative reproduction in angiosperms. J. montana and the related species J. maritima have diploid and tetraploid populations in Galicia. This work studies four populations, one diploid and one tetraploid of each species, from the perspective of morphometrics, cytotypes and a demographic experiment of survival during 60 weeks in controlled plots. The aim was to assess whether polyploidisation is a factor related to the evolution of the perennial habit and vegetative reproduction in the groups studied, as well as to identify which morphological characters and organs may be related to these aspects. In this respect, subterranean characters, related to roots, shoots or (semi-)subterranean cauline organs such as stolons, were of particular importance. These characters are found in this work for the first time in both species, and despite their importance for the ecology and demography of the populations they were overlooked in conventional botanical treatments. The results of this work highlight the importance of including these characters in the biological and evolutionary understanding of Jasione, and relate their presence to the tetraploid character of the populations. Traits such as stolons or the existence of an underground shoot bank enable clonal reproduction and tetraploid perenniality. Plot survival monitoring corroborates the adoption of perenniality in J. montana tetraploids, while diploids remain as annuals/biennials. The same pattern is detected in J. maritima, although the species was considered to be globally perennial. This work suggests that polyploidisation was the causal factor in the adoption of the perennial ancestral life habit by J. montana.
Direction
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Tutorships)
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Court
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Secretary)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Secretary)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Establishment of a chemical ablation model in the retina of Scyliorhinus canicula
Authorship
I.F.G.
Bachelor of Biology
I.F.G.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Neurodegenerative diseases of the retina involve a gradual loss of neurons in the tissue as the disease progresses or the individual ages. Most studies in this field are aimed at identifying genes or signaling pathways that favor neurogenesis during postnatal life. Given that in mammals this capacity is very limited in the postnatal stage, many of the studies on neurogenesis are carried out in fish, which have the capacity to form new neurons mainly from two neurogenic niches: the Müller glia in the central retina , and the marginal zone in the peripheral retina. In addition, the retina of fish has the ability to regenerate after damage through what is known as Müller glia activation. After activation, Müller cells can dedifferentiate and undergo a cellular reprogramming process after which they proliferate to give rise to new cells. Among fishes, the shark Scyliorhinus canicula seems especially suited to studying these processes because it has a long proliferation period and the ability to regenerate after damage. To delve deeper into the study of regeneration, it is essential to have an experimental model of retinal neuronal damage. The objective of this work is to establish a chemical ablation model through treatment with the ouabain toxin in the juvenile retina of S. canicula, in order to determine the incubation time necessary to degenerate the tissue and induce a regenerative response. The results show that, in S. canicula, ouabain injection causes alterations in tissue structure, accompanied by an increase in cell death. However, the number of mitotic cells increases in those most affected layers, except in the marginal zone, which maintains normal proliferative activity.
Neurodegenerative diseases of the retina involve a gradual loss of neurons in the tissue as the disease progresses or the individual ages. Most studies in this field are aimed at identifying genes or signaling pathways that favor neurogenesis during postnatal life. Given that in mammals this capacity is very limited in the postnatal stage, many of the studies on neurogenesis are carried out in fish, which have the capacity to form new neurons mainly from two neurogenic niches: the Müller glia in the central retina , and the marginal zone in the peripheral retina. In addition, the retina of fish has the ability to regenerate after damage through what is known as Müller glia activation. After activation, Müller cells can dedifferentiate and undergo a cellular reprogramming process after which they proliferate to give rise to new cells. Among fishes, the shark Scyliorhinus canicula seems especially suited to studying these processes because it has a long proliferation period and the ability to regenerate after damage. To delve deeper into the study of regeneration, it is essential to have an experimental model of retinal neuronal damage. The objective of this work is to establish a chemical ablation model through treatment with the ouabain toxin in the juvenile retina of S. canicula, in order to determine the incubation time necessary to degenerate the tissue and induce a regenerative response. The results show that, in S. canicula, ouabain injection causes alterations in tissue structure, accompanied by an increase in cell death. However, the number of mitotic cells increases in those most affected layers, except in the marginal zone, which maintains normal proliferative activity.
Direction
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Tutorships)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Chairman)
PORTEIRO COUTO, BEGOÑA (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Chairman)
PORTEIRO COUTO, BEGOÑA (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Characterization of Amacrine and Photoreceptor Cells in the Retina of the Elasmobranch Fish (Scyliorhinus canicula)
Authorship
L.G.V.
Bachelor of Biology
L.G.V.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
In recent years, single-cell transcriptomic studies have enabled a better understanding of cellular diversity within the vertebrate central nervous system, particularly within the retina. These studies have been conducted in various mammalian species, chicken, zebrafish, and lampreys, but until recently, this cellular diversity had not been described in elasmobranch fish, despite the interest in studying the retina of this group from an evolutionary perspective. Preliminary single-nucleus transcriptomic data allowed the grouping of retina cells of Scyliorhinus canicula (a representative of elasmobranchs) into 22 different clusters, which were assigned to different cell classes based on the expression of marker genes for these populations in other vertebrates. Among these groups are seven clusters of amacrine cells, which can be further divided into three major categories based on their neurochemical characteristics (GABAergic, glycinergic, and cholinergic cells) and four groups of photoreceptors. The objective of this work is to validate the results of snRNA-seq data in tissue using immunohistochemical techniques to detect the expression of markers that are differentially expressed in GABAergic amacrine cells and photoreceptor cells in the retina of S. canicula. The expression results of the selected markers to further characterize these cell populations correspond to those observed in tissue using immunofluorescence and histochemical techniques. These results validate the interpretation of the identity of these neuronal populations and contribute to further characterizing the neuronal diversity in the retina of S. canicula.
In recent years, single-cell transcriptomic studies have enabled a better understanding of cellular diversity within the vertebrate central nervous system, particularly within the retina. These studies have been conducted in various mammalian species, chicken, zebrafish, and lampreys, but until recently, this cellular diversity had not been described in elasmobranch fish, despite the interest in studying the retina of this group from an evolutionary perspective. Preliminary single-nucleus transcriptomic data allowed the grouping of retina cells of Scyliorhinus canicula (a representative of elasmobranchs) into 22 different clusters, which were assigned to different cell classes based on the expression of marker genes for these populations in other vertebrates. Among these groups are seven clusters of amacrine cells, which can be further divided into three major categories based on their neurochemical characteristics (GABAergic, glycinergic, and cholinergic cells) and four groups of photoreceptors. The objective of this work is to validate the results of snRNA-seq data in tissue using immunohistochemical techniques to detect the expression of markers that are differentially expressed in GABAergic amacrine cells and photoreceptor cells in the retina of S. canicula. The expression results of the selected markers to further characterize these cell populations correspond to those observed in tissue using immunofluorescence and histochemical techniques. These results validate the interpretation of the identity of these neuronal populations and contribute to further characterizing the neuronal diversity in the retina of S. canicula.
Direction
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Tutorships)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Secretary)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Member)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Secretary)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Member)
Characterization of glial response in the retina of fish following induced neuronal damage.
Authorship
M.R.M.
Bachelor of Biology
M.R.M.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Unlike mammals, fish have the remarkable ability to regenerate neurons damaged by injury or neurotoxic substances. This regenerative capacity partly depends on differentiated glial cells (Müller glia) that, after damage, re-enter the cell cycle, giving rise to multipotent progenitor cells capable of generating new neurons to replace the lost cells. Recent studies in zebrafish suggest that the proliferative capacity of Müller glia depends on the activation of an inflammatory process involving microglial cells that migrate to the site of injury. However, the role of Müller glia and microglia during regeneration after neuronal death in the retina of elasmobranch fish is not yet defined. The aim of this work is to study the response of Müller glia and microglia after cell death induced by damage to the retinal neurons of the elasmobranch fish Scyliorhinus canicula. To achieve this, neuronal damage was induced in the retina of juvenile individuals of this species by injecting ouabain, a neurotoxin that promotes inflammation and apoptosis of treated tissues. Analysis of the retina 5 an4 hours post-injection (hpi) shows that ouabain treatment is associated with characteristic alterations of an active inflammatory response, including changes in the structure of the retina from 24 hpi, activation of Müller glia, and recruitment of microglial cells. This study provides a detailed view of the immune response in the retina following neuronal damage, highlighting the importance of glial cells in tissue regeneration and repair.
Unlike mammals, fish have the remarkable ability to regenerate neurons damaged by injury or neurotoxic substances. This regenerative capacity partly depends on differentiated glial cells (Müller glia) that, after damage, re-enter the cell cycle, giving rise to multipotent progenitor cells capable of generating new neurons to replace the lost cells. Recent studies in zebrafish suggest that the proliferative capacity of Müller glia depends on the activation of an inflammatory process involving microglial cells that migrate to the site of injury. However, the role of Müller glia and microglia during regeneration after neuronal death in the retina of elasmobranch fish is not yet defined. The aim of this work is to study the response of Müller glia and microglia after cell death induced by damage to the retinal neurons of the elasmobranch fish Scyliorhinus canicula. To achieve this, neuronal damage was induced in the retina of juvenile individuals of this species by injecting ouabain, a neurotoxin that promotes inflammation and apoptosis of treated tissues. Analysis of the retina 5 an4 hours post-injection (hpi) shows that ouabain treatment is associated with characteristic alterations of an active inflammatory response, including changes in the structure of the retina from 24 hpi, activation of Müller glia, and recruitment of microglial cells. This study provides a detailed view of the immune response in the retina following neuronal damage, highlighting the importance of glial cells in tissue regeneration and repair.
Direction
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Tutorships)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Secretary)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Member)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Secretary)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Member)
Effect of Temperature Increase on Embryonic Neurogenesis in Scyliorhinus canicula
Authorship
M.S.C.
Bachelor of Biology
M.S.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Ocean temperature has been increasing considerably in recent years due to the effects of climate change. Consequently, various animals living in aquatic habitats have undergone changes in their physiology and/or behavior. Among them are elasmobranchs, which are of particular concern due to their small population sizes. Despite this, it is still unknown how chronic or long-term thermal stress affects the nervous system of these organisms. This is why this research focused on attempting to analyze the effect of climate change on neurogenesis during the embryonic development of elasmobranchs, using the retina of sharks of the species Scyliorhinus canicula as a study model. To this end, growth rate was studied and two proliferation markers were analyzed: phospho-histone-H3 (PH3) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), along with three differentiation markers: doublecortin (DCX), Ga0 (G protein alpha subunit 0), and paired box 6 (Pax6). The results obtained suggest that the increase in temperature causes an in-crease in the length of these animals, accompanied by an acceleration in their retinal development.
Ocean temperature has been increasing considerably in recent years due to the effects of climate change. Consequently, various animals living in aquatic habitats have undergone changes in their physiology and/or behavior. Among them are elasmobranchs, which are of particular concern due to their small population sizes. Despite this, it is still unknown how chronic or long-term thermal stress affects the nervous system of these organisms. This is why this research focused on attempting to analyze the effect of climate change on neurogenesis during the embryonic development of elasmobranchs, using the retina of sharks of the species Scyliorhinus canicula as a study model. To this end, growth rate was studied and two proliferation markers were analyzed: phospho-histone-H3 (PH3) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), along with three differentiation markers: doublecortin (DCX), Ga0 (G protein alpha subunit 0), and paired box 6 (Pax6). The results obtained suggest that the increase in temperature causes an in-crease in the length of these animals, accompanied by an acceleration in their retinal development.
Direction
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Tutorships)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Secretary)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Member)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Secretary)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Member)
Toxicity analysis of human and synthetic beta-amyloid protein aggregates
Authorship
M.F.V.
Bachelor of Biology
M.F.V.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 11:00
07.17.2024 11:00
Summary
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by chronic cognitive impairment and is the leading cause of dementia in the world. The amyloid cascade hypothesis, which aims to explain the etiology of the disease, cosiders amyloid-beta protein's aggregation as the main responsible for the development of symptoms. This project focuses in analyzing the toxicity of aggregates previously obtained from pacients' brain samples using cell essays and fluorescence microscopy. Several objetives were determined, including the extraction and precipitation os human aggregates, the obtaining of fluorescence microscopy images of different aggregates and the determination of their toxicity, following a methodology that includes fosfotungstic acid precipitation and liposome-based cell transfection. Human amyloid-beta aggregates were obtained, and they induced aggregation in YFP-AB42-HEK-293T cells, which were observable by fluorescence microscopy.
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by chronic cognitive impairment and is the leading cause of dementia in the world. The amyloid cascade hypothesis, which aims to explain the etiology of the disease, cosiders amyloid-beta protein's aggregation as the main responsible for the development of symptoms. This project focuses in analyzing the toxicity of aggregates previously obtained from pacients' brain samples using cell essays and fluorescence microscopy. Several objetives were determined, including the extraction and precipitation os human aggregates, the obtaining of fluorescence microscopy images of different aggregates and the determination of their toxicity, following a methodology that includes fosfotungstic acid precipitation and liposome-based cell transfection. Human amyloid-beta aggregates were obtained, and they induced aggregation in YFP-AB42-HEK-293T cells, which were observable by fluorescence microscopy.
Direction
RUIZ RIQUELME, ALEJANDRO IVAN (Tutorships)
RUIZ RIQUELME, ALEJANDRO IVAN (Tutorships)
Court
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Chairman)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Secretary)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Member)
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Chairman)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Secretary)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Member)
Molecular characterization of berry color in a somatic variant of Tempranillo (Tempranillo negro).
Authorship
I.M.G.
Bachelor of Biology
I.M.G.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Spontaneously occurring somatic variations are the main source of variation in Vitis vinifera, leading to the development of new varieties or clones. An example of a clone is 'Tempranillo Negro' or VN21, which is characterized by more intense berry coloration, early development, and defects in seed formation. In this study, the phenolic profile of VN21 was analyzed in comparison to a commonly used 'Tempranillo Tinto' clone RJ43 during three developmental stages: pea-size, veraison, and maturity, in order to determine if there are differences that could explain the characteristics of this clone. The results showed no significant differences for most of the analyzed groups, including phenolic acids, hydroxytyrosol, flavonoids, and lignans. However, significant differences were found in the case of stilbenes, with greater accumulation in the VN21 clone during the later stages of maturation. The high concentrations of these compounds could be related to their protective effects against various abiotic factors, such as increased UV radiation, drought, or salinity.
Spontaneously occurring somatic variations are the main source of variation in Vitis vinifera, leading to the development of new varieties or clones. An example of a clone is 'Tempranillo Negro' or VN21, which is characterized by more intense berry coloration, early development, and defects in seed formation. In this study, the phenolic profile of VN21 was analyzed in comparison to a commonly used 'Tempranillo Tinto' clone RJ43 during three developmental stages: pea-size, veraison, and maturity, in order to determine if there are differences that could explain the characteristics of this clone. The results showed no significant differences for most of the analyzed groups, including phenolic acids, hydroxytyrosol, flavonoids, and lignans. However, significant differences were found in the case of stilbenes, with greater accumulation in the VN21 clone during the later stages of maturation. The high concentrations of these compounds could be related to their protective effects against various abiotic factors, such as increased UV radiation, drought, or salinity.
Direction
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Tutorships)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Tutorships)
Court
REVILLA LOPEZ, MARIA GLORIA (Chairman)
MARTIN CORA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Secretary)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
REVILLA LOPEZ, MARIA GLORIA (Chairman)
MARTIN CORA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Secretary)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
Presence of microplastics in two species of fish (Salmo trutta and Anguilla anguilla) of the lower reaches of the Sar river (Rois-A Coruña)
Authorship
P.R.P.
Bachelor of Biology
P.R.P.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Nowadays, microplastics are one of the most ambiental crisis that Planet ecosystems face; being the fluvial ecosystems one of the most affected. Nonetheless, the study of the microplastics present in the Northwestern rivers in Spain are scarce. For this reason, the main objective in this study is to quantify and to characterize the microplastics finded in gills, gastrointestinal tract and dorsal muscle in individuals of Anguilla anguilla and Salmo trutta that were sampled in the downstream of Sar river, in A Coruña. For this, organs were digested in 10% KOH and obtained samples were filtered. Afterwards, a visual morfological characterisation and a chemical characterisation with Raman spectroscopy were done. Consecutively, we found 441 possible plastic particles, 16 of them classified as polymers. Obscure fibers between 151-3000 micrometers were predominant, being PET the main type of identified polymer. These results show the serious ambiental problem that microplastics represent in the aquatic ecosystems, supposing a potencial risk for animal, ambiental and human health.
Nowadays, microplastics are one of the most ambiental crisis that Planet ecosystems face; being the fluvial ecosystems one of the most affected. Nonetheless, the study of the microplastics present in the Northwestern rivers in Spain are scarce. For this reason, the main objective in this study is to quantify and to characterize the microplastics finded in gills, gastrointestinal tract and dorsal muscle in individuals of Anguilla anguilla and Salmo trutta that were sampled in the downstream of Sar river, in A Coruña. For this, organs were digested in 10% KOH and obtained samples were filtered. Afterwards, a visual morfological characterisation and a chemical characterisation with Raman spectroscopy were done. Consecutively, we found 441 possible plastic particles, 16 of them classified as polymers. Obscure fibers between 151-3000 micrometers were predominant, being PET the main type of identified polymer. These results show the serious ambiental problem that microplastics represent in the aquatic ecosystems, supposing a potencial risk for animal, ambiental and human health.
Direction
OTERO PEREZ, XOSE LOIS (Tutorships)
OTERO PEREZ, XOSE LOIS (Tutorships)
Court
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Secretary)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Secretary)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Impact of different management practices on microbial activity and functionality of forage maize soils
Authorship
A.V.M.
Bachelor of Biology
A.V.M.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
The impact of the change of use was determined on a permanent grassland soil in which one plot was converted to a maize field in rotation with ryegrass grassland. The soil that remained as grassland was used as a reference for the comparison of the values obtained with the cultivated soil. For both soils, the main physico-chemical properties and biochemical properties, related to the abundance (C belonging to the microbial biomass) and activity (basal respiration and dehydrogenase enzyme activity) of the soil micro-organisms, were established and used as an indicator of the modifications suffered. Samples of the two soils were taken at different depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm) and at different times of the rotation throughout the year, during 3 consecutive years. The transformation produced a reduction in the transformed plot both in total C and in the biochemical properties analysed. The decrease in organic matter content and associated properties as well as the loss of stratification were largely caused by the mixing of layers as a result of ploughing. Differences between the soils were generally maintained throughout the 28 months of the study, although incipient stratification was detected at the times of the rotation when the plot was in grassland.
The impact of the change of use was determined on a permanent grassland soil in which one plot was converted to a maize field in rotation with ryegrass grassland. The soil that remained as grassland was used as a reference for the comparison of the values obtained with the cultivated soil. For both soils, the main physico-chemical properties and biochemical properties, related to the abundance (C belonging to the microbial biomass) and activity (basal respiration and dehydrogenase enzyme activity) of the soil micro-organisms, were established and used as an indicator of the modifications suffered. Samples of the two soils were taken at different depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm) and at different times of the rotation throughout the year, during 3 consecutive years. The transformation produced a reduction in the transformed plot both in total C and in the biochemical properties analysed. The decrease in organic matter content and associated properties as well as the loss of stratification were largely caused by the mixing of layers as a result of ploughing. Differences between the soils were generally maintained throughout the 28 months of the study, although incipient stratification was detected at the times of the rotation when the plot was in grassland.
Direction
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Prieto Fernández, María Ángeles (Co-tutorships)
Trasar Cepeda, Carmen (Co-tutorships)
MONTERROSO MARTINEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Prieto Fernández, María Ángeles (Co-tutorships)
Trasar Cepeda, Carmen (Co-tutorships)
Court
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Secretary)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Secretary)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Allergenic load of the Oleaceae family
Authorship
D.Z.C.
Bachelor of Biology
D.Z.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
This final degree project addresses the study of the allergenic load of the Oleaceae family, specifically the genera Olea, which is widely cultivated, Fraxinus, and Ligustrum, which are frequently used in urban gardening. The main objective is to understand the most relevant ongoing research and assess the impact of these allergens as triggers of allergic respiratory diseases. Although some references at a global level are included, the spatial framework of the study has been preferably focused on the Iberian Peninsula, more specifically in Galicia. The methodology to prepare this work has been the bibliographic review of scientific publications, books and digital material. The results have included a synthesis of the techniques for obtaining aerobiological and clinical data, and below are the main results achieved through their application. It is worth noting the extensive period during in which Oleaceae allergens can affect sensitized people, due to the timing of their flowering and the cross-reactivity of their main allergens. Furthermore, the importance of jointly analyzing the total atmospheric allergenic load is highlighted, that is, the proteins transported on the outer wall of pollen grains and those that diffuse as paucimicronic particles with the opening of the anthers or from other parts of the flower. Information about the concentration of allergens in the air is essential for people who suffer from seasonal allergies, as it will allow them to conveniently use the medication prescribed by health services and even take preventive measures that minimize their symptoms.
This final degree project addresses the study of the allergenic load of the Oleaceae family, specifically the genera Olea, which is widely cultivated, Fraxinus, and Ligustrum, which are frequently used in urban gardening. The main objective is to understand the most relevant ongoing research and assess the impact of these allergens as triggers of allergic respiratory diseases. Although some references at a global level are included, the spatial framework of the study has been preferably focused on the Iberian Peninsula, more specifically in Galicia. The methodology to prepare this work has been the bibliographic review of scientific publications, books and digital material. The results have included a synthesis of the techniques for obtaining aerobiological and clinical data, and below are the main results achieved through their application. It is worth noting the extensive period during in which Oleaceae allergens can affect sensitized people, due to the timing of their flowering and the cross-reactivity of their main allergens. Furthermore, the importance of jointly analyzing the total atmospheric allergenic load is highlighted, that is, the proteins transported on the outer wall of pollen grains and those that diffuse as paucimicronic particles with the opening of the anthers or from other parts of the flower. Information about the concentration of allergens in the air is essential for people who suffer from seasonal allergies, as it will allow them to conveniently use the medication prescribed by health services and even take preventive measures that minimize their symptoms.
Direction
AIRA RODRÍGUEZ, Mª JESÚS (Tutorships)
AIRA RODRÍGUEZ, Mª JESÚS (Tutorships)
Court
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Secretary)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Secretary)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Updating knowledge of Galician pteridoflora
Authorship
C.T.B.
Bachelor of Biology
C.T.B.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
The work consists of a review of the expansion of knowledge of Galician pteridoflora that has occurred in the last 15 years due to recent studies that have introduced numerous taxonomic changes as well as new records. An updated list of the species found in the Galician territory have been prepared, as well as the changes that have affected them.
The work consists of a review of the expansion of knowledge of Galician pteridoflora that has occurred in the last 15 years due to recent studies that have introduced numerous taxonomic changes as well as new records. An updated list of the species found in the Galician territory have been prepared, as well as the changes that have affected them.
Direction
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Tutorships)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Tutorships)
Court
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Secretary)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Secretary)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Review and analysis of catches of Alosa alosa and Alosa fallax by commercial fisheries off the Spanish Atlantic and Cantabrian coasts
Authorship
I.L.A.
Bachelor of Biology
I.L.A.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 10:00
07.18.2024 10:00
Summary
Alosa alosa and Alosa fallax are two species of the Clupeidae family, very similar morphologically, which makes their identification difficult. Their distribution range is also similar, although it has been drastically reduced due to the great variety of aggressions to which they are exposed, especially of anthropic origin. These are two Vulnerable species that, although they are not the target of commercial fishing, are caught in large quantities accidentally (by-catches), which means an added impact to the existing ones. The analysis of the catches of each species along the Spanish Atlantic and Cantabrian coasts over the years will allow us to determine where and when the main catches are made and to estimate the impact on the Iberian populations of both species, as well as the effect on their conservation. To do so, we will use data from the records of the first sale notes of the landings made in the fish markets of Galicia, Asturias and Cantabria, which will also allow us to know the area with the most by-catches of each species and the time of year when the most specimens are caught.
Alosa alosa and Alosa fallax are two species of the Clupeidae family, very similar morphologically, which makes their identification difficult. Their distribution range is also similar, although it has been drastically reduced due to the great variety of aggressions to which they are exposed, especially of anthropic origin. These are two Vulnerable species that, although they are not the target of commercial fishing, are caught in large quantities accidentally (by-catches), which means an added impact to the existing ones. The analysis of the catches of each species along the Spanish Atlantic and Cantabrian coasts over the years will allow us to determine where and when the main catches are made and to estimate the impact on the Iberian populations of both species, as well as the effect on their conservation. To do so, we will use data from the records of the first sale notes of the landings made in the fish markets of Galicia, Asturias and Cantabria, which will also allow us to know the area with the most by-catches of each species and the time of year when the most specimens are caught.
Direction
COBO GRADIN, FERNANDO (Tutorships)
VIEIRA LANERO, RUFINO (Co-tutorships)
COBO GRADIN, FERNANDO (Tutorships)
VIEIRA LANERO, RUFINO (Co-tutorships)
Court
GARCIA-RODEJA GAYOSO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SANMARTIN SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Member)
GARCIA-RODEJA GAYOSO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SANMARTIN SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Member)
Spatial heterogeneity and controls of ecosystem metabolism in an Atlantic river basin
Authorship
C.A.N.F.
Bachelor of Biology
C.A.N.F.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 10:00
07.18.2024 10:00
Summary
Through the analysis of metabolism, health and functioning of the river ecosystems is studied. Urban rivers suffer the impact of human activities that deteriorate the functioning of the ecosystem. Environmental policies, such as the European Union Water Framework Directive, seek to mitigate these impacts. We compare two sections of the Tins River in Galicia: one anthropized and one naturalized, to evaluate the impact of human activities on the metabolism of the river and its community of diatoms. The hypothesis proposes a minimal anthropogenic influence between sections. Our objective is to evaluate anthropogenic impacts, understand the functioning ecosystem and support biodiversity conservation, providing data for inform political and management decisions. To measure river metabolism, we use static incubation chambers with samples of river substrate, measuring dissolved O2 and temperature before and after incubation under light and darkness. Diatom samples were collected according to standard protocols, they were treated in the laboratory and analyzed to identify and quantify the species present. We measure depth and speed of water in different transects to calculate flow. We take in-situ measurements of pH, conductivity and dissolved O2, and water and biomass to analyze in the laboratory. We conclude: 1. Urbanization and the dam have increased the respiration of the ecosystem, altering its natural balance. 2. The anthropized zone is more heterotrophic than the naturalized zone, indicating an alteration by human activity. 3. The relationship between metabolism and quality of the water shows greater respiration in the anthropized zone linked to a greater concentration of organic matter and nutrients, suggesting a metabolic imbalance. 4. These changes may be affecting biodiversity and explain the greater dominance of species tolerant to altered conditions in the anthropized zone. 5. We suggest the implementation of regulatory measures
Through the analysis of metabolism, health and functioning of the river ecosystems is studied. Urban rivers suffer the impact of human activities that deteriorate the functioning of the ecosystem. Environmental policies, such as the European Union Water Framework Directive, seek to mitigate these impacts. We compare two sections of the Tins River in Galicia: one anthropized and one naturalized, to evaluate the impact of human activities on the metabolism of the river and its community of diatoms. The hypothesis proposes a minimal anthropogenic influence between sections. Our objective is to evaluate anthropogenic impacts, understand the functioning ecosystem and support biodiversity conservation, providing data for inform political and management decisions. To measure river metabolism, we use static incubation chambers with samples of river substrate, measuring dissolved O2 and temperature before and after incubation under light and darkness. Diatom samples were collected according to standard protocols, they were treated in the laboratory and analyzed to identify and quantify the species present. We measure depth and speed of water in different transects to calculate flow. We take in-situ measurements of pH, conductivity and dissolved O2, and water and biomass to analyze in the laboratory. We conclude: 1. Urbanization and the dam have increased the respiration of the ecosystem, altering its natural balance. 2. The anthropized zone is more heterotrophic than the naturalized zone, indicating an alteration by human activity. 3. The relationship between metabolism and quality of the water shows greater respiration in the anthropized zone linked to a greater concentration of organic matter and nutrients, suggesting a metabolic imbalance. 4. These changes may be affecting biodiversity and explain the greater dominance of species tolerant to altered conditions in the anthropized zone. 5. We suggest the implementation of regulatory measures
Direction
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Tutorships)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Co-tutorships)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Tutorships)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Co-tutorships)
Court
GARCIA-RODEJA GAYOSO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SANMARTIN SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Member)
GARCIA-RODEJA GAYOSO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SANMARTIN SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Member)
Evaluation of the riparian forest in two stretches of river in a Special Area of Conservation
Authorship
D.P.F.
Bachelor of Biology
D.P.F.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 10:00
07.18.2024 10:00
Summary
The Riparian Forest Quality Index (QBR) has been employed on two 700-meter sections in the Sar and Tambre rivers near Santiago de Compostela that have been designated as Special Areas of Conservation (SAC). This was carried out in order to assess the conservation status of these forests and to evaluate the applications of the QBR index in assessing riparian forests. An introduction to the type of habitat under study, the riparian forest, and the index used to evaluate the studied river sections is provided. This is followed by the methodology for using the QBR index. Finally, the data obtained during the fieldwork of this study is presented, along with an evaluation.The objective is to highlight the usefulness of the index in quantitatively and periodically assessing the conservation status of SAC areas and riparian forests. The conservation of these forests is threatened by human activities despite their significant ecological value
The Riparian Forest Quality Index (QBR) has been employed on two 700-meter sections in the Sar and Tambre rivers near Santiago de Compostela that have been designated as Special Areas of Conservation (SAC). This was carried out in order to assess the conservation status of these forests and to evaluate the applications of the QBR index in assessing riparian forests. An introduction to the type of habitat under study, the riparian forest, and the index used to evaluate the studied river sections is provided. This is followed by the methodology for using the QBR index. Finally, the data obtained during the fieldwork of this study is presented, along with an evaluation.The objective is to highlight the usefulness of the index in quantitatively and periodically assessing the conservation status of SAC areas and riparian forests. The conservation of these forests is threatened by human activities despite their significant ecological value
Direction
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
GARCIA-RODEJA GAYOSO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SANMARTIN SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Member)
GARCIA-RODEJA GAYOSO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SANMARTIN SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Member)
Canine Babesiosis. Epidemiological Survey in Galicia
Authorship
L.P.D.
Bachelor of Biology
L.P.D.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 10:00
07.18.2024 10:00
Summary
Canine babesiosis, caused by parasites of the genus Babesia, is one of the major serious parasitic diseases affecting dogs. Its pathology results from the intracellular parasitic stages that cause severe damage by massive destruction of red blood cells, producing a wide variety of clinical manifestations such as anaemia, fatigue, pale mucous membranes and, in the most severe cases, death of the animal. It is mainly transmitted by the bite of hard ticks and is diagnosed by microscopy, molecular and serological techniques. Treatment varies according to the infective species and prophylactic measures against the biological vector are recommended to prevent infection. In order to know the presence of this disease in Galicia, an epidemiological study was carried out in veterinary clinics by fill of an online or face-to-face survey. A wide distribution of the disease was found, affecting mainly pets; with an age range between 1-5 years; of medium size; from rural areas; with a history of parasitism by ticks; without the use of prophylactic measures or previous pathologies.
Canine babesiosis, caused by parasites of the genus Babesia, is one of the major serious parasitic diseases affecting dogs. Its pathology results from the intracellular parasitic stages that cause severe damage by massive destruction of red blood cells, producing a wide variety of clinical manifestations such as anaemia, fatigue, pale mucous membranes and, in the most severe cases, death of the animal. It is mainly transmitted by the bite of hard ticks and is diagnosed by microscopy, molecular and serological techniques. Treatment varies according to the infective species and prophylactic measures against the biological vector are recommended to prevent infection. In order to know the presence of this disease in Galicia, an epidemiological study was carried out in veterinary clinics by fill of an online or face-to-face survey. A wide distribution of the disease was found, affecting mainly pets; with an age range between 1-5 years; of medium size; from rural areas; with a history of parasitism by ticks; without the use of prophylactic measures or previous pathologies.
Direction
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Tutorships)
Couso Pérez, Seila (Co-tutorships)
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Tutorships)
Couso Pérez, Seila (Co-tutorships)
Court
GARCIA-RODEJA GAYOSO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SANMARTIN SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Member)
GARCIA-RODEJA GAYOSO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SANMARTIN SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Member)
Assessment of the use of Fontinalis antipyretica as a biomonitor for the presence of Ag nanoparticles in river courses, Part B
Authorship
I.D.R.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
I.D.R.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
This work focuses on evaluating the adsorption capacity of silver nanoparticles by the bryophyte Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. To determine the evolution of adsorption over time, an initial laboratory experiment was proposed. This experiment evaluates the adsorption capacity using two suspensions of nanoparticles at different concentration levels during ten days of exposure. Once the results were obtained and the necessary exposure time was established, the experiment was conducted in the Sar River. Four points were selected before and after two wastewater treatment plants, aiming to detect and monitor the presence of silver nanoparticles in the river. The amount of silver nanoparticles adsorbed by the aquatic moss, as well as the amount of ionic silver present on its surface, was determined.
This work focuses on evaluating the adsorption capacity of silver nanoparticles by the bryophyte Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. To determine the evolution of adsorption over time, an initial laboratory experiment was proposed. This experiment evaluates the adsorption capacity using two suspensions of nanoparticles at different concentration levels during ten days of exposure. Once the results were obtained and the necessary exposure time was established, the experiment was conducted in the Sar River. Four points were selected before and after two wastewater treatment plants, aiming to detect and monitor the presence of silver nanoparticles in the river. The amount of silver nanoparticles adsorbed by the aquatic moss, as well as the amount of ionic silver present on its surface, was determined.
Direction
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Tutorships)
HERBELLO HERMELO, PALOMA (Co-tutorships)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Tutorships)
HERBELLO HERMELO, PALOMA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MARTINEZ NUÑEZ, EMILIO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
RIOS RODRIGUEZ, ANA MARIA (Member)
MARTINEZ NUÑEZ, EMILIO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
RIOS RODRIGUEZ, ANA MARIA (Member)
Estimation of the oral bioaccessibility of Cu, CuO nanoparticles and ZnO
Authorship
I.G.B.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
I.G.B.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The use of nanoparticles and nanomaterials is increasing in more and more sectors. One of these industries would be the food industry, where copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs), copper oxide (CuO NPs), and zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) are primarily used in food packaging. Due to the lack of knowledge about the potential negative effects that nanoparticles may have on our bodies, it is necessary to perform more studies to thoroughly assess their safety and better understand their long-term impact on human health. A first step, following the recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), would be to conduct in vitro digestion studies to evaluate whether these compounds can be absorbed by our intestines and enter the bloodstream. In this work, a bioaccessibility study of Cu NPs, CuO NPs, and ZnO NPs was carried out using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. The results show that, in the case of Cu and CuO nanoparticles, the bioaccessibility for low concentration levels exceeds the 12% threshold set by EFSA, while at higher levels, agglomeration occurs during the in vitro digestion process. In contrast, ZnO nanoparticles degrade, resulting in exceptionally low bioaccessibility.
The use of nanoparticles and nanomaterials is increasing in more and more sectors. One of these industries would be the food industry, where copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs), copper oxide (CuO NPs), and zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) are primarily used in food packaging. Due to the lack of knowledge about the potential negative effects that nanoparticles may have on our bodies, it is necessary to perform more studies to thoroughly assess their safety and better understand their long-term impact on human health. A first step, following the recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), would be to conduct in vitro digestion studies to evaluate whether these compounds can be absorbed by our intestines and enter the bloodstream. In this work, a bioaccessibility study of Cu NPs, CuO NPs, and ZnO NPs was carried out using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. The results show that, in the case of Cu and CuO nanoparticles, the bioaccessibility for low concentration levels exceeds the 12% threshold set by EFSA, while at higher levels, agglomeration occurs during the in vitro digestion process. In contrast, ZnO nanoparticles degrade, resulting in exceptionally low bioaccessibility.
Direction
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Tutorships)
MOREDA PIÑEIRO, ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Tutorships)
MOREDA PIÑEIRO, ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
MARTINEZ NUÑEZ, EMILIO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
RIOS RODRIGUEZ, ANA MARIA (Member)
MARTINEZ NUÑEZ, EMILIO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
RIOS RODRIGUEZ, ANA MARIA (Member)
Characterisation of the calcareous peatlands of Galicia, habitats of priority interest of the European Union: Study of elemental content in Galician peatland waters
Authorship
R.V.S.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
R.V.S.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The characterisation of calcareous peatlands is currently important as they have been recognised as essential habitats for climate change mitigation. Therefore, a correct characterisation of these habitats is of primary importance. The present work studies the elemental content (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sc, Se, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Zn and Zr) of calcareous peatland waters in Galicia in three areas within this habitat: Begonte, Pantín and the Eo river. The analysis of the concentration of these elements was carried out by ICP-MS and ICP-OES after pre-treating the sample. In addition, the analytical characteristics of the methods used were studied; therefore precision, accuracy and repeatability were evaluated. The results obtained showed a clear dependence of the pH value on the elements Ca, K, Mg and Na; these elements being higher with higher pH levels. Significant differences in the concentration of the elements were demonstrated between the zones.
The characterisation of calcareous peatlands is currently important as they have been recognised as essential habitats for climate change mitigation. Therefore, a correct characterisation of these habitats is of primary importance. The present work studies the elemental content (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sc, Se, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Zn and Zr) of calcareous peatland waters in Galicia in three areas within this habitat: Begonte, Pantín and the Eo river. The analysis of the concentration of these elements was carried out by ICP-MS and ICP-OES after pre-treating the sample. In addition, the analytical characteristics of the methods used were studied; therefore precision, accuracy and repeatability were evaluated. The results obtained showed a clear dependence of the pH value on the elements Ca, K, Mg and Na; these elements being higher with higher pH levels. Significant differences in the concentration of the elements were demonstrated between the zones.
Direction
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Tutorships)
PEÑA VAZQUEZ, ELENA MARIA (Co-tutorships)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Tutorships)
PEÑA VAZQUEZ, ELENA MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MARTINEZ NUÑEZ, EMILIO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
RIOS RODRIGUEZ, ANA MARIA (Member)
MARTINEZ NUÑEZ, EMILIO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
RIOS RODRIGUEZ, ANA MARIA (Member)
Drug Residue Analysis on Drug User's Syringes
Authorship
L.D.C.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
L.D.C.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:00
07.15.2024 09:00
Summary
Drug use is a growing practice that can lead to an increased risk of medical issues among users. This risk is heightened in intra-venous drug users as it can lead to a higher incidence of HIV or hepatitis infection. The risk is also increased in intravenous Chemsex users, where the use of drugs in a consensual sexual environment can lead to higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases. The use of analytical methods is fundamental to achieve the objective of consumption patterns understanding in intravenous drug users and stablish the necessary harm reduction plans. Through this approach, the variety of drugs and adulterants present in the market can be assessed. In this project, syringe extracts from two populations (general consumption and Chemsex users) were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS (Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry), for compound identification and GC-QTOF-MS (Gas Chromatography - Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry) for the detection of specific isomers. The results obtained were also used to assess the differences between the two populations. Through this evaluation a differentiated pattern of consumption was observed in general population compared to Chemsex users. The most common substances in general consumption were cocaine, opiates and several adulterants, while in Chemsex samples most of the syringes contained synthetic cathinones and methamphetamine derivates. It is also important to note that several drugs were detected simultaneously in most of the syringes.
Drug use is a growing practice that can lead to an increased risk of medical issues among users. This risk is heightened in intra-venous drug users as it can lead to a higher incidence of HIV or hepatitis infection. The risk is also increased in intravenous Chemsex users, where the use of drugs in a consensual sexual environment can lead to higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases. The use of analytical methods is fundamental to achieve the objective of consumption patterns understanding in intravenous drug users and stablish the necessary harm reduction plans. Through this approach, the variety of drugs and adulterants present in the market can be assessed. In this project, syringe extracts from two populations (general consumption and Chemsex users) were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS (Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry), for compound identification and GC-QTOF-MS (Gas Chromatography - Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry) for the detection of specific isomers. The results obtained were also used to assess the differences between the two populations. Through this evaluation a differentiated pattern of consumption was observed in general population compared to Chemsex users. The most common substances in general consumption were cocaine, opiates and several adulterants, while in Chemsex samples most of the syringes contained synthetic cathinones and methamphetamine derivates. It is also important to note that several drugs were detected simultaneously in most of the syringes.
Direction
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Tutorships)
QUINTANA ALVAREZ, JOSE BENITO (Co-tutorships)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Tutorships)
QUINTANA ALVAREZ, JOSE BENITO (Co-tutorships)
Court
LORES AGUIN, MARTA (Chairman)
RIOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Member)
LORES AGUIN, MARTA (Chairman)
RIOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Member)
Stimulation of metabolic pathways for the production of carboxylic acids via lactate in anaerobic fermentation
Authorship
X.G.D.D.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
X.G.D.D.
Double bachelor degree in Chemistry and Biology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:00
07.15.2024 09:00
Summary
Mixed open culture fermentation to produce volatile fatty acids can become an effective way to recover organic carbon present in wastewater and organic waste, contributing to circular chemistry. For this technique to be effective, it is necessary to have control over the products that are generated. One way to achieve this control could be through lactic acid, an intermediate that is produced during the fermentation of organic waste. In this way, the catabolic pathways carried out by microorganisms could be directed to produce odd-chain carboxylic acids, medium-chain acids through chain elongation, and especially propionic acid. Controlled experiments were designed and conducted for these mixed cultures with various strategies, such as modifying pH, carbohydrate abundance, and using nutritionally rich media. In this way, the conversion and selectivity towards carboxylic acids was studied and the factors that favor the production of lactic acid as an intermediate were determined. The results obtained indicate that the relationship between the substrate and the inoculum is a crucial factor when it comes to promoting lactate production, but not the type of medium and the type of carbohydrates, although some of these factors are necessary for certain microorganisms or to facilitate the production of volatile fatty acids. In addition, an analysis of the microbial population present in the different conditions was carried out. Well, knowing the microorganisms present responsible for lactate production will help optimize the process.
Mixed open culture fermentation to produce volatile fatty acids can become an effective way to recover organic carbon present in wastewater and organic waste, contributing to circular chemistry. For this technique to be effective, it is necessary to have control over the products that are generated. One way to achieve this control could be through lactic acid, an intermediate that is produced during the fermentation of organic waste. In this way, the catabolic pathways carried out by microorganisms could be directed to produce odd-chain carboxylic acids, medium-chain acids through chain elongation, and especially propionic acid. Controlled experiments were designed and conducted for these mixed cultures with various strategies, such as modifying pH, carbohydrate abundance, and using nutritionally rich media. In this way, the conversion and selectivity towards carboxylic acids was studied and the factors that favor the production of lactic acid as an intermediate were determined. The results obtained indicate that the relationship between the substrate and the inoculum is a crucial factor when it comes to promoting lactate production, but not the type of medium and the type of carbohydrates, although some of these factors are necessary for certain microorganisms or to facilitate the production of volatile fatty acids. In addition, an analysis of the microbial population present in the different conditions was carried out. Well, knowing the microorganisms present responsible for lactate production will help optimize the process.
Direction
MAURICIO IGLESIAS, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Co-tutorships)
MAURICIO IGLESIAS, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Co-tutorships)
Court
LORES AGUIN, MARTA (Chairman)
RIOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Member)
LORES AGUIN, MARTA (Chairman)
RIOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Secretary)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Member)
Induction of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in grapevine
Authorship
I.B.G.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
I.B.G.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:00
07.17.2024 16:00
Summary
The difficulties in introducing improvements through crossbreeding in grapevine cultivars in a global context of climate change necessitate the use of other methods such as genetic modification. The limiting step in this procedure is usually the regeneration of tissues by embryogenesis or organogenesis, and in grapevine, embryogenesis from leaves is an especially complex process. In this project, grapevine explants were transformed with genes involved in development, such as WUS or BBM, to test their effect on these processes, as they have been shown to promote regeneration by embryogenesis or organogenesis in other species. For this, a geminivirus replication system was initially used. The results showed that the expression of WUS in leaf explants of the 'Thompson Seedless' variety caused the division and proliferation of undifferentiated cells. However, this effect was achieved without the geminivirus system, which demonstrated an excessively high level of expression in grapevine, activating silencing or cell death. Additionally, an MYB gene with potential to be used as a marker for transformed cells was cloned, as it induces the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins, giving a purplish color to the transformed area. Finally, the selection of transformants with kanamycin was optimized, showing that a concentration of 50 ug/ml seems to be the most suitable for grapevine explants.
The difficulties in introducing improvements through crossbreeding in grapevine cultivars in a global context of climate change necessitate the use of other methods such as genetic modification. The limiting step in this procedure is usually the regeneration of tissues by embryogenesis or organogenesis, and in grapevine, embryogenesis from leaves is an especially complex process. In this project, grapevine explants were transformed with genes involved in development, such as WUS or BBM, to test their effect on these processes, as they have been shown to promote regeneration by embryogenesis or organogenesis in other species. For this, a geminivirus replication system was initially used. The results showed that the expression of WUS in leaf explants of the 'Thompson Seedless' variety caused the division and proliferation of undifferentiated cells. However, this effect was achieved without the geminivirus system, which demonstrated an excessively high level of expression in grapevine, activating silencing or cell death. Additionally, an MYB gene with potential to be used as a marker for transformed cells was cloned, as it induces the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins, giving a purplish color to the transformed area. Finally, the selection of transformants with kanamycin was optimized, showing that a concentration of 50 ug/ml seems to be the most suitable for grapevine explants.
Direction
SAMPEDRO JIMÉNEZ, JAVIER (Tutorships)
SAMPEDRO JIMÉNEZ, JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Chairman)
DIAZ JULLIEN, CRISTINA (Secretary)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Member)
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Chairman)
DIAZ JULLIEN, CRISTINA (Secretary)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Member)
Characterization of phosphatase activity in aorta smooth muscle cells
Authorship
I.L.V.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
I.L.V.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:00
07.17.2024 16:00
Summary
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the world. Vascular calcification consists of calcium phosphate deposit in blood vessels, which increases its rigidity and is key in these diseases. This process involves the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells and is mediated by a variety of signaling pathways, including pyrophosphate metabolism in which alkaline phosphatase, especially non-tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase, plays a key role. This study will focus on characterizing phosphatase activity in rat aorta smooth muscle cells, using different fractionation kits for accurate results. Membrane, cytosolic, soluble, chromatin-bound and cytoskeletal nuclear extracts will be analyzed. The methodology includes cell culture, subcellular fractionation, protein quantification, and evaluation of phosphatase activity with specific inhibitors. The results suggest that non-tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase is mostly present in the membrane fraction. However, it was unexpected to detect activity also in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. To verify that these activities were not an experimental residue, a more specific fractionation method was used, thus confirming the presence of phosphatase and highlighting the importance of using appropriate fractionation techniques to obtain reliable data. These encounters can open up new avenues to explore the therapeutic potential of alkaline phosphatase and its role in the core in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the world. Vascular calcification consists of calcium phosphate deposit in blood vessels, which increases its rigidity and is key in these diseases. This process involves the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells and is mediated by a variety of signaling pathways, including pyrophosphate metabolism in which alkaline phosphatase, especially non-tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase, plays a key role. This study will focus on characterizing phosphatase activity in rat aorta smooth muscle cells, using different fractionation kits for accurate results. Membrane, cytosolic, soluble, chromatin-bound and cytoskeletal nuclear extracts will be analyzed. The methodology includes cell culture, subcellular fractionation, protein quantification, and evaluation of phosphatase activity with specific inhibitors. The results suggest that non-tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase is mostly present in the membrane fraction. However, it was unexpected to detect activity also in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. To verify that these activities were not an experimental residue, a more specific fractionation method was used, thus confirming the presence of phosphatase and highlighting the importance of using appropriate fractionation techniques to obtain reliable data. These encounters can open up new avenues to explore the therapeutic potential of alkaline phosphatase and its role in the core in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Chairman)
DIAZ JULLIEN, CRISTINA (Secretary)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Member)
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Chairman)
DIAZ JULLIEN, CRISTINA (Secretary)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Member)
Generation of molecular tools to dissect MUS81 and GEN1 functions in pluripotency.
Authorship
M.P.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
M.P.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:00
07.17.2024 16:00
Summary
DNA repair is a fundamental and evolutionarily conserved mechanism necessary to preserve the integrity of the genome. There are multiple DNA repair pathways that play different roles depending on the cell type and the cell cycle stage. In particular, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess an exceptional capacity for high-fidelity repair, because the appearance of mutations in their genome could be lethal to the embryo they generate (2). Therefore, the main repair pathway they employ is homologous recombination, which is characterized by the use of a sister chromatid or homologous chromosome as a template for the repair of the damaged DNA strand (6). However, homologous recombination can lead to the appearance of secondary DNA structures called Holliday junctions, which represent a highly dangerous repair intermediate since they can produce errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. These structures require specific and complex processing by endonucleases such as MUS81 and GEN1, or dissolvase such as BLM. It has been observed that mutations in these proteins can have very relevant implications in diseases such as cancer (3). This final degree project aims to generate molecular tools to study the function of MUS81 in ESCs, as well as to determine whether MUS81 and GEN1 present redundant functions in these cells. For this purpose, MUS81 expression was tested by cloning it into expression vectors and, finally, its possible role in functional compensation caused by GEN1 deletion was evaluated.
DNA repair is a fundamental and evolutionarily conserved mechanism necessary to preserve the integrity of the genome. There are multiple DNA repair pathways that play different roles depending on the cell type and the cell cycle stage. In particular, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess an exceptional capacity for high-fidelity repair, because the appearance of mutations in their genome could be lethal to the embryo they generate (2). Therefore, the main repair pathway they employ is homologous recombination, which is characterized by the use of a sister chromatid or homologous chromosome as a template for the repair of the damaged DNA strand (6). However, homologous recombination can lead to the appearance of secondary DNA structures called Holliday junctions, which represent a highly dangerous repair intermediate since they can produce errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. These structures require specific and complex processing by endonucleases such as MUS81 and GEN1, or dissolvase such as BLM. It has been observed that mutations in these proteins can have very relevant implications in diseases such as cancer (3). This final degree project aims to generate molecular tools to study the function of MUS81 in ESCs, as well as to determine whether MUS81 and GEN1 present redundant functions in these cells. For this purpose, MUS81 expression was tested by cloning it into expression vectors and, finally, its possible role in functional compensation caused by GEN1 deletion was evaluated.
Direction
GUALLAR ARTAL, DIANA (Tutorships)
Ramos Lage, Lucía (Co-tutorships)
GUALLAR ARTAL, DIANA (Tutorships)
Ramos Lage, Lucía (Co-tutorships)
Court
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Chairman)
DIAZ JULLIEN, CRISTINA (Secretary)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Member)
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Chairman)
DIAZ JULLIEN, CRISTINA (Secretary)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Member)
mRNA-based drug manufacturing techniques
Authorship
O.F.B.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
O.F.B.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
mRNA has become a very interesting option for new therapies thanks to its properties. The use of modified nucleotides, among others, has made it possible to reduce its disadvantages in comparison to the use of DNA in gene therapy and vaccines. The COVID pandemic has caused massive development of its technology. Given its fast evolution, this work pretends to explain the standard and the most recent and innovative techniques for its manufacture, in order to establish a knowledge base for researchers interested in this field and to give a general idea for research opportunities. Two search equations were created that were used in three databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS and MEDLINE, whose documents were reviewed after a screening and selection. We verify that, due to its still little exploration and potential areas of improvement, the mRNA manufacturing process represents new research opportunities in areas such as its byproducts, optimization of its conditions or polymerase protein engineering.
mRNA has become a very interesting option for new therapies thanks to its properties. The use of modified nucleotides, among others, has made it possible to reduce its disadvantages in comparison to the use of DNA in gene therapy and vaccines. The COVID pandemic has caused massive development of its technology. Given its fast evolution, this work pretends to explain the standard and the most recent and innovative techniques for its manufacture, in order to establish a knowledge base for researchers interested in this field and to give a general idea for research opportunities. Two search equations were created that were used in three databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS and MEDLINE, whose documents were reviewed after a screening and selection. We verify that, due to its still little exploration and potential areas of improvement, the mRNA manufacturing process represents new research opportunities in areas such as its byproducts, optimization of its conditions or polymerase protein engineering.
Direction
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Tutorships)
GARCIA FUENTES, MARCOS (Tutorships)
Court
López Romalde, Jesús Ángel (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Member)
López Romalde, Jesús Ángel (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Member)
Comparison of the evolution of microbial populations in vinification processes using two compounds with potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity
Authorship
M.D.O.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
M.D.O.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Sulfiting agents, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), have been widely used in the food industry throughout history due to their microbial inhibitory capacity, which allows for improved preservation of certain products. However, these compounds can cause adverse effects on consumer's health, making the search for alternatives currently the subject of intense scientific study. In response to this issue, this bachelor's thesis focuses on investigating the potential of two substances, Q and E, as substitutes for sulfiting agents in winemaking. The study was based on evaluating the ability of both substances to modulate the microbial environment in the vinification process, with the aim of obtaining final product characteristics similar to those of wines produced using traditional methods. To this end, red wine samples were obtained at different stages of fermentation. The initial musts were treated with SO2 (control), Q, E, or combinations of the latter with SO2. DNA detection analyses were performed on these samples using qPCR, employing specific primers to monitor changes in key microbial populations during vinification, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acetic acid bacteria, and Oenococcus oeni. The results indicated that both substances can influence the studied microbial composition in a manner similar to methods that use SO2. Additionally, the analysis of physicochemical parameters showed that wines treated with Q and E had characteristics comparable to wines treated with SO2. It is concluded that substances Q and E could be promising alternatives to the use of sulfiting agents in winemaking, offering a potentially healthier and more sustainable option for the food industry.
Sulfiting agents, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), have been widely used in the food industry throughout history due to their microbial inhibitory capacity, which allows for improved preservation of certain products. However, these compounds can cause adverse effects on consumer's health, making the search for alternatives currently the subject of intense scientific study. In response to this issue, this bachelor's thesis focuses on investigating the potential of two substances, Q and E, as substitutes for sulfiting agents in winemaking. The study was based on evaluating the ability of both substances to modulate the microbial environment in the vinification process, with the aim of obtaining final product characteristics similar to those of wines produced using traditional methods. To this end, red wine samples were obtained at different stages of fermentation. The initial musts were treated with SO2 (control), Q, E, or combinations of the latter with SO2. DNA detection analyses were performed on these samples using qPCR, employing specific primers to monitor changes in key microbial populations during vinification, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acetic acid bacteria, and Oenococcus oeni. The results indicated that both substances can influence the studied microbial composition in a manner similar to methods that use SO2. Additionally, the analysis of physicochemical parameters showed that wines treated with Q and E had characteristics comparable to wines treated with SO2. It is concluded that substances Q and E could be promising alternatives to the use of sulfiting agents in winemaking, offering a potentially healthier and more sustainable option for the food industry.
Direction
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ RAMA, JOSE LUIS (Co-tutorships)
DE MIGUEL BOUZAS, MARIA TRINIDAD (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ RAMA, JOSE LUIS (Co-tutorships)
Court
López Romalde, Jesús Ángel (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Member)
López Romalde, Jesús Ángel (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Member)
Heterologous production of enzymes for the biological recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Authorship
L.L.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
L.L.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Plastic is one of the most essential and widely used materials globally; However, its non-degradability characteristic leads to the accumulation of waste in the environment, posing a public and environmental health problem. Specifically, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a type of plastic that is used in packaging and textiles. Current methods for recycling produce pollutants and involve a large expenditure of energy, which is why, in recent years, interest in biological recycling methods has increased. Biological recycling mediated by enzymes is an example and, in this context, the present work focuses on the study of two PET-hydrolases already described in the literature, DuraPETase and cutinase LCC-ICCG, in order to develop a recycling process effective and scalable for PET waste. In this work, the heterologous production of the mentioned enzymes in Escherichia coli BL21 was carried out, optimizing the conditions (temperature and concentration of the inducer IPTG, Isopropyl-beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) of the process on a laboratory scale and the enzymatic activity by colorimetric assays on pNPA (4-nitrophenyl acetate) and directly on PET bead. The aforementioned tests showed that these enzymes were active against PET and under their action after 48 hours, the weight of the PET beads was reduced, even losing 8% in weight in the case of DuraPETase and 30% in the case of DuraPETase. LCC-ICCG. On the other hand, regarding the concentration of products generated measured in equivalents of BHET (bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate), the 1500 mg/L generated under the action of DuraPETase and the almost 5000 mg/L generated by the LCC-ICCG.
Plastic is one of the most essential and widely used materials globally; However, its non-degradability characteristic leads to the accumulation of waste in the environment, posing a public and environmental health problem. Specifically, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a type of plastic that is used in packaging and textiles. Current methods for recycling produce pollutants and involve a large expenditure of energy, which is why, in recent years, interest in biological recycling methods has increased. Biological recycling mediated by enzymes is an example and, in this context, the present work focuses on the study of two PET-hydrolases already described in the literature, DuraPETase and cutinase LCC-ICCG, in order to develop a recycling process effective and scalable for PET waste. In this work, the heterologous production of the mentioned enzymes in Escherichia coli BL21 was carried out, optimizing the conditions (temperature and concentration of the inducer IPTG, Isopropyl-beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) of the process on a laboratory scale and the enzymatic activity by colorimetric assays on pNPA (4-nitrophenyl acetate) and directly on PET bead. The aforementioned tests showed that these enzymes were active against PET and under their action after 48 hours, the weight of the PET beads was reduced, even losing 8% in weight in the case of DuraPETase and 30% in the case of DuraPETase. LCC-ICCG. On the other hand, regarding the concentration of products generated measured in equivalents of BHET (bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate), the 1500 mg/L generated under the action of DuraPETase and the almost 5000 mg/L generated by the LCC-ICCG.
Direction
EIBES GONZALEZ, GEMMA MARIA (Tutorships)
GALINDO MORALES, SARA (Co-tutorships)
EIBES GONZALEZ, GEMMA MARIA (Tutorships)
GALINDO MORALES, SARA (Co-tutorships)
Court
López Romalde, Jesús Ángel (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Member)
López Romalde, Jesús Ángel (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Member)
In vitro cell model for the study of sensitivity to CDK inhibitors
Authorship
L.P.A.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
L.P.A.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Breast cancer is the most common tumor in women, with the luminal subtype being the most prevalent. This disease can progress through various stages and culminate in metastasis, which is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Combined treatments with CDK4/6 inhibitors (Cyclin-Dependent Kinases) and endocrine therapy have improved survival in metastatic luminal patients, but resistance to this treatment is common. There is evidence that STAT3 expression is associated with intrinsic resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors, leading to these patients to do not respond to the therapy and to disease progression. In this study, we modelled STAT3 overactivation in luminal breast cancer tumor cells by inducing the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. It was confirmed that this overactivation induces resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors, and conversely, that STAT3 inhibition can sensitize these resistant cells to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Targeting the IL-6/STAT3 pathway opens new research avenues that could have a significant clinical impact.
Breast cancer is the most common tumor in women, with the luminal subtype being the most prevalent. This disease can progress through various stages and culminate in metastasis, which is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Combined treatments with CDK4/6 inhibitors (Cyclin-Dependent Kinases) and endocrine therapy have improved survival in metastatic luminal patients, but resistance to this treatment is common. There is evidence that STAT3 expression is associated with intrinsic resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors, leading to these patients to do not respond to the therapy and to disease progression. In this study, we modelled STAT3 overactivation in luminal breast cancer tumor cells by inducing the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. It was confirmed that this overactivation induces resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors, and conversely, that STAT3 inhibition can sensitize these resistant cells to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Targeting the IL-6/STAT3 pathway opens new research avenues that could have a significant clinical impact.
Direction
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Costa Nogueira, Clotilde (Co-tutorships)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Costa Nogueira, Clotilde (Co-tutorships)
Court
López Romalde, Jesús Ángel (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Member)
López Romalde, Jesús Ángel (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Member)
ISG15 regulation and its impact on cancer
Authorship
M.R.C.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
M.R.C.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
ISG15 is an interferon-induced ubiquitin-like protein that plays an important role in modulating interferon-mediated signaling, with an impact on both viral infection and cancer development. ISG15 may promote or restrict oncogenic development or viral infection, depending, among other factors, on the cell type, the virus involved or the species, and how its activity is regulated is unknown. Previous results from the laboratory revealed that the small ubiquitin-like protein (SUMO) interacts with and regulates ISG15. Conjugation of SUMO to its substrates is an essential process for the cell that is frequently deregulated in cancer. Therefore, inhibitors of this conjugation have been developed and are being investigated in clinical trials, with very promising results. Analysis of the mechanism of action of these inhibitors has revealed that they promote the activation of the interferon-mediated response and that this function is essential for their anti-oncogenic activity. The mechanism by which SUMOylation inhibition promotes the activation of the interferon pathway is unknown. In this work, we evaluated the hypothesis that ISG15 might be involved in the control of the interferon pathway and the anti-oncogenic activity of the SUMOylation inhibitor ML-792. The results obtained revealed that ISG15 promotes the replication of the highly interferon-sensitive vesicular stomatitis virus in the A549 cell line and that ISG15 plays a critical role in the anti-tumor activity of ML-792 in these cells. These results suggest that ISG15 expression may be key to effective anti-tumor treatment with the SUMOylation inhibitor ML-792.
ISG15 is an interferon-induced ubiquitin-like protein that plays an important role in modulating interferon-mediated signaling, with an impact on both viral infection and cancer development. ISG15 may promote or restrict oncogenic development or viral infection, depending, among other factors, on the cell type, the virus involved or the species, and how its activity is regulated is unknown. Previous results from the laboratory revealed that the small ubiquitin-like protein (SUMO) interacts with and regulates ISG15. Conjugation of SUMO to its substrates is an essential process for the cell that is frequently deregulated in cancer. Therefore, inhibitors of this conjugation have been developed and are being investigated in clinical trials, with very promising results. Analysis of the mechanism of action of these inhibitors has revealed that they promote the activation of the interferon-mediated response and that this function is essential for their anti-oncogenic activity. The mechanism by which SUMOylation inhibition promotes the activation of the interferon pathway is unknown. In this work, we evaluated the hypothesis that ISG15 might be involved in the control of the interferon pathway and the anti-oncogenic activity of the SUMOylation inhibitor ML-792. The results obtained revealed that ISG15 promotes the replication of the highly interferon-sensitive vesicular stomatitis virus in the A549 cell line and that ISG15 plays a critical role in the anti-tumor activity of ML-792 in these cells. These results suggest that ISG15 expression may be key to effective anti-tumor treatment with the SUMOylation inhibitor ML-792.
Direction
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Rivas Vázquez, María del Carmen (Co-tutorships)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Rivas Vázquez, María del Carmen (Co-tutorships)
Court
López Romalde, Jesús Ángel (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Member)
López Romalde, Jesús Ángel (Chairman)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Secretary)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Member)
The impact of the invasive plant Tradescantia fluminensis on soil: a problem for the germination of native plant species?
Authorship
P.S.S.
Bachelor of Biology
P.S.S.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 10:00
07.18.2024 10:00
Summary
Tradescantia fluminensis is an exotic invasive plant that affects the biodiversity of riparian zones, causing biotic and/or abiotic changes in the soil. This work aims to determine whether these changes could compromise the germination of native herbaceous plants and, from a management perspective, to find out if the plant community could regenerate through direct seeding of native plants in soils from which the invasive plant has been removed. At the same time, we will evaluate whether the effect of the invasion on the soil could favor the establishment of the invasive species itself. For this purpose, natural soils were collected from areas invaded by T. fluminensis and adjacent non-invaded areas at ten points along the banks of the Tins River (Outes, A Coruña). These soils were distributed in seed trays where four species of herbaceous plants were sown: two native, Dactylis glomerata and Iris pseudacorus, and two exotic invasives, Paspalum dilatatum and T. fluminensis. Prior to sowing, one-third of these soils was treated with fungicide, another third was sterilized, and the remaining third was left as control (live soil). The results showed that the presence of T. fluminensis generally does not significantly affect the chemical characteristics of the soil. The possible modifications caused in the soil by T. fluminensis do not appear to be a problem for the germination and growth of D. glomerata, but they do affect the germination of I. pseudacorus and P. dilatatum. On the other hand, it was observed that T. fluminensis favors its own invasion, increasing in biomass and length in previously invaded soils. These results provide valuable information for management decisions, where the direct seeding of herbaceous plants like D. glomerata may be effective in promoting the recovery of the vegetation cover after the removal of the invasive species.
Tradescantia fluminensis is an exotic invasive plant that affects the biodiversity of riparian zones, causing biotic and/or abiotic changes in the soil. This work aims to determine whether these changes could compromise the germination of native herbaceous plants and, from a management perspective, to find out if the plant community could regenerate through direct seeding of native plants in soils from which the invasive plant has been removed. At the same time, we will evaluate whether the effect of the invasion on the soil could favor the establishment of the invasive species itself. For this purpose, natural soils were collected from areas invaded by T. fluminensis and adjacent non-invaded areas at ten points along the banks of the Tins River (Outes, A Coruña). These soils were distributed in seed trays where four species of herbaceous plants were sown: two native, Dactylis glomerata and Iris pseudacorus, and two exotic invasives, Paspalum dilatatum and T. fluminensis. Prior to sowing, one-third of these soils was treated with fungicide, another third was sterilized, and the remaining third was left as control (live soil). The results showed that the presence of T. fluminensis generally does not significantly affect the chemical characteristics of the soil. The possible modifications caused in the soil by T. fluminensis do not appear to be a problem for the germination and growth of D. glomerata, but they do affect the germination of I. pseudacorus and P. dilatatum. On the other hand, it was observed that T. fluminensis favors its own invasion, increasing in biomass and length in previously invaded soils. These results provide valuable information for management decisions, where the direct seeding of herbaceous plants like D. glomerata may be effective in promoting the recovery of the vegetation cover after the removal of the invasive species.
Direction
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Tutorships)
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Tutorships)
Court
GARCIA-RODEJA GAYOSO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SANMARTIN SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Member)
GARCIA-RODEJA GAYOSO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
SANMARTIN SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Member)
Optimisation of serological methods for the diagnosis of bacterial diseases
Authorship
M.B.G.
Bachelor of Biology
M.B.G.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.20.2024 09:30
02.20.2024 09:30
Summary
Furunculosis is a disease of great relevance nowadays due to its high impact on aquaculture, a booming food industry sector in Spain in recent years. Its aetiological agent is the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. It can cause characteristic necrotic tissue ulcers in the chronic form or rapid death in the acute form. Various methods of detection of this organism exist, including phenotypic, immunological and molecular tests. The overall objective of the present study is to develop a specific and sensitive serological detection system for A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. For this purpose, a sandwich enzyme immunoadsorption assay was developed and its sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using pure cultures and clinical samples. Once this assay was developed, its efficacy was compared with techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction. The results obtained showed that there is some agreement between the two techniques, but not in 100% of the clinical samples analysed. This is evidence that further testing in this field is needed to achieve more conclusive results.
Furunculosis is a disease of great relevance nowadays due to its high impact on aquaculture, a booming food industry sector in Spain in recent years. Its aetiological agent is the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. It can cause characteristic necrotic tissue ulcers in the chronic form or rapid death in the acute form. Various methods of detection of this organism exist, including phenotypic, immunological and molecular tests. The overall objective of the present study is to develop a specific and sensitive serological detection system for A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. For this purpose, a sandwich enzyme immunoadsorption assay was developed and its sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using pure cultures and clinical samples. Once this assay was developed, its efficacy was compared with techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction. The results obtained showed that there is some agreement between the two techniques, but not in 100% of the clinical samples analysed. This is evidence that further testing in this field is needed to achieve more conclusive results.
Direction
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
Study of the settlement of Europe from a genetic-evolutionary perspective
Authorship
A.M.C.
Bachelor of Biology
A.M.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.20.2024 09:30
02.20.2024 09:30
Summary
For several decades, many studies have been carried out on the history of the settlement of Europe by anatomically modern humans. Through the use of genetic, paleontological, linguistic and archaeological data, several hypotheses have been developed in order to explain this settlement. From their arrival on the European continent during the Upper Paleolithic to the present day, this process must be understood as a set of migratory events, interactions between populations and cultural transformations that will shape the genetic diversity of current European populations. In this work, a bibliographic review will be carried out with the aim of compiling and integrating current knowledge in order to help us to reconstruct the history of this settlement. To this end, we will try to resolve questions such as: Did the settlement of Europe occur from a single great migration out of Africa or is it the result of multiple migrations? Was there contact with archaic humans during or before this settlement? What are the main movements of modern humans since their arrival in Europe?
For several decades, many studies have been carried out on the history of the settlement of Europe by anatomically modern humans. Through the use of genetic, paleontological, linguistic and archaeological data, several hypotheses have been developed in order to explain this settlement. From their arrival on the European continent during the Upper Paleolithic to the present day, this process must be understood as a set of migratory events, interactions between populations and cultural transformations that will shape the genetic diversity of current European populations. In this work, a bibliographic review will be carried out with the aim of compiling and integrating current knowledge in order to help us to reconstruct the history of this settlement. To this end, we will try to resolve questions such as: Did the settlement of Europe occur from a single great migration out of Africa or is it the result of multiple migrations? Was there contact with archaic humans during or before this settlement? What are the main movements of modern humans since their arrival in Europe?
Direction
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
Effects of psychopharmacology on immune system
Authorship
D.P.F.
Bachelor of Biology
D.P.F.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.20.2024 09:30
02.20.2024 09:30
Summary
Stress can be equated to a natural internal alarm that prepears a certain organism to action. This stress can be positive (eustress), it makes us react in a certain way to a stressful stimulus, or negative (distress), it causes discomfort and prevent us to react correctly to the stressful stimulus. When we are in a stressful situation neural axis is activated. If the stressful situation persists neuroendocrine axis is activated and then endocrine axis. By the activation of endocrine axis different hormones are liberated. Whether concentration is high or low many substances will have got diferent actions. Cortisol has got an anti-inflammatory effect on basal condition, but when stress become chronic, immune cells become resistant and major inflamation occurs. On the other hand, psychopharmacology is also going to have an impact on our immune system. Psychotropic drugs are: antidepressants, anxiolytics, psychostimulants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. But in each group, we find different psychotropic drugs with diverse actions and whether we choose one or another it will influence different on immune system. Antidepressants decrease interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and last they increase synthesis of interleukin-10 (IL-10). On the other hand, anxiolytics usually cause immunosuppression. Antipsychotics increase humoral and cellular immunity. Psychostimulants, cocaine in this case, produce an increase of natural killer cells (NK cells). Finally, lithium (mood stabilizer) have immunomodulator actions too.
Stress can be equated to a natural internal alarm that prepears a certain organism to action. This stress can be positive (eustress), it makes us react in a certain way to a stressful stimulus, or negative (distress), it causes discomfort and prevent us to react correctly to the stressful stimulus. When we are in a stressful situation neural axis is activated. If the stressful situation persists neuroendocrine axis is activated and then endocrine axis. By the activation of endocrine axis different hormones are liberated. Whether concentration is high or low many substances will have got diferent actions. Cortisol has got an anti-inflammatory effect on basal condition, but when stress become chronic, immune cells become resistant and major inflamation occurs. On the other hand, psychopharmacology is also going to have an impact on our immune system. Psychotropic drugs are: antidepressants, anxiolytics, psychostimulants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. But in each group, we find different psychotropic drugs with diverse actions and whether we choose one or another it will influence different on immune system. Antidepressants decrease interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and last they increase synthesis of interleukin-10 (IL-10). On the other hand, anxiolytics usually cause immunosuppression. Antipsychotics increase humoral and cellular immunity. Psychostimulants, cocaine in this case, produce an increase of natural killer cells (NK cells). Finally, lithium (mood stabilizer) have immunomodulator actions too.
Direction
REY MENDEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
REY MENDEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
Role of Klf15 in the protective effect of prolonged breastfeeding on obesity
Authorship
A.R.L.
Bachelor of Biology
A.R.L.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.20.2024 09:30
02.20.2024 09:30
Summary
The prevalence of obesity in children and adults in recent decades is alarming. This pathology can have serious consequences on people's health and even lead to death. Persistence of breastfeeding has been shown to be a protective factor against obesity. To study the possible effects of breastfeeding, a murine model of prolonged breastfeeding was used, in which animals fed with high-fat diet reduced their risk of obesity. An RNAseq study had showed changes in some proteins when breast milk was added; one of these was KLF15, the protein to be studied. KLF15 is a protein present in metabolically active tissues, such as liver, adipose and skeletal muscle, which plays an important regulatory role in glucose and lipid metabolism. In the following work, the effect of breastfeeding on obesity was tested by studying the presence of KLF15 in breast milk and by checking its levels in human tissues such as plasma or mononuclear cells. KLF15 was found to be present in breast milk and its levels increased over time. The presence of the protein in mononuclear cells was also found to be significantly lower in obese samples. These studies open the possibility for the development of pharmacological drugs to help reduce the risk of obesity, even under conditions of high fat diets.
The prevalence of obesity in children and adults in recent decades is alarming. This pathology can have serious consequences on people's health and even lead to death. Persistence of breastfeeding has been shown to be a protective factor against obesity. To study the possible effects of breastfeeding, a murine model of prolonged breastfeeding was used, in which animals fed with high-fat diet reduced their risk of obesity. An RNAseq study had showed changes in some proteins when breast milk was added; one of these was KLF15, the protein to be studied. KLF15 is a protein present in metabolically active tissues, such as liver, adipose and skeletal muscle, which plays an important regulatory role in glucose and lipid metabolism. In the following work, the effect of breastfeeding on obesity was tested by studying the presence of KLF15 in breast milk and by checking its levels in human tissues such as plasma or mononuclear cells. KLF15 was found to be present in breast milk and its levels increased over time. The presence of the protein in mononuclear cells was also found to be significantly lower in obese samples. These studies open the possibility for the development of pharmacological drugs to help reduce the risk of obesity, even under conditions of high fat diets.
Direction
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Tutorships)
Seoane Camino, Luísa María (Co-tutorships)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Tutorships)
Seoane Camino, Luísa María (Co-tutorships)
Court
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
Characterization of Yersinia ruckeri: prevention and control methods.
Authorship
B.R.B.
Bachelor of Biology
B.R.B.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.20.2024 09:30
02.20.2024 09:30
Summary
Yersiniosis or redmouth disease is a disease of vital importance in continental aquaculture, due to the high mortality it causes, affecting salmonids, especially rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss). The pathogen of this disease is Yersinia ruckeri, a gramnegative enterobacterium that causes septicemic infection acutely in early stages and chronically in adult stages. At present, 4 O-serotypes are known (O1, a and b; O2, a, b and c; O3 and O4, being serotype O1a the most virulent. For the identification of this bacterium there are morphological, physiological, biochemical, serological, genetic and proteomic tests, which allow the confirmation of the characterization of the organism. The present study focuses on the phenotypic, serological, proteomic and genetic characterization of this bacterium in order to clarify the causes of failure in the vaccination of rainbow trout that resulted in the appearance of disease boats in different facilities. The results revealed that the causative agent of mortalities in rainbow trout is Y. ruckeri and that all isolates belong to serotype O1a showing similar protein and LPS profiles.
Yersiniosis or redmouth disease is a disease of vital importance in continental aquaculture, due to the high mortality it causes, affecting salmonids, especially rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss). The pathogen of this disease is Yersinia ruckeri, a gramnegative enterobacterium that causes septicemic infection acutely in early stages and chronically in adult stages. At present, 4 O-serotypes are known (O1, a and b; O2, a, b and c; O3 and O4, being serotype O1a the most virulent. For the identification of this bacterium there are morphological, physiological, biochemical, serological, genetic and proteomic tests, which allow the confirmation of the characterization of the organism. The present study focuses on the phenotypic, serological, proteomic and genetic characterization of this bacterium in order to clarify the causes of failure in the vaccination of rainbow trout that resulted in the appearance of disease boats in different facilities. The results revealed that the causative agent of mortalities in rainbow trout is Y. ruckeri and that all isolates belong to serotype O1a showing similar protein and LPS profiles.
Direction
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes in food for human consumption
Authorship
M.S.C.
Bachelor of Biology
M.S.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.20.2024 09:30
02.20.2024 09:30
Summary
Listeriosis is a disease caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, contracted mainly through food. The most susceptible groups to this infection and to severe clinical manifestations are neonates, pregnant women, the elderly and immunocompromised people. Current detection methods are time-consuming and costly, hance the need to develop more rapid and specific methods. The object of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a detection protocol based on sample enrichment in LEB medium and centrifugation followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis for the detection of L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods and raw materials. The results were compared with those obtained by microbiological methods and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although the methodology based on MS-MALDI-TOF was not suitable for the detection of L. monocytogenes in the foods samples, the bacteria was detected by the reference method and real-time PCR. In addition, only in two samples of raw materials was detected L. monocytogenes at concentrations exceeding the minimum infective dose.
Listeriosis is a disease caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, contracted mainly through food. The most susceptible groups to this infection and to severe clinical manifestations are neonates, pregnant women, the elderly and immunocompromised people. Current detection methods are time-consuming and costly, hance the need to develop more rapid and specific methods. The object of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a detection protocol based on sample enrichment in LEB medium and centrifugation followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis for the detection of L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods and raw materials. The results were compared with those obtained by microbiological methods and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although the methodology based on MS-MALDI-TOF was not suitable for the detection of L. monocytogenes in the foods samples, the bacteria was detected by the reference method and real-time PCR. In addition, only in two samples of raw materials was detected L. monocytogenes at concentrations exceeding the minimum infective dose.
Direction
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
Study of the relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in transplants of Fucus vesiculosus and the water
Authorship
P.L.B.
Bachelor of Biology
P.L.B.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.19.2024 16:00
02.19.2024 16:00
Summary
Marine pollution by potentially toxic elements entails a series of risks to living organisms and is therefore necessary to keep control over it, being one of the methods the use of biomonitors. Transplants of Fucus vesiculosus (exposure of the algae in locations other than the ones where they originated) have been used in biomonitoring studies since the 70´s; however, it is still unkown whether there is a relationship between the concentrations of elements in seawater and the tissues of this species. Besides, there are pre-exposure treatments like desvitalization whose effect on element uptake in F. vesiculosus it is unkown. With the aim of answering these questions, living and devitalized transplants have been exposed to potentially polluted seawater locations while taking samples of water and the concentrations of 7 potentially toxic elements were determined in the samples of seawater and algae. Results show that there is not a linear relationship between the concentrations of elements in seawater and the algal tissues except for V; in this case, the relationship is inversely proportional which suggests that F. vesiculosus might not be adequate for biomonitoring this element either. On the other hand, devitalized algae showed elemental concentrations 2,4 to 15,7 times higher than fresh algae, except for Mn, whose levels were between 2,4 and 15,7 times lower. As a conclusion, F. vesiculosus is not an adequate biomonitor because it does not allow to estimate the concentrations of elements in seawater in a reliable and accurate way, although it allows to detect their presence. On the other hand, transplant devitalization causes physiological alterations in the organism that allow higher elemental uptake for most elements.
Marine pollution by potentially toxic elements entails a series of risks to living organisms and is therefore necessary to keep control over it, being one of the methods the use of biomonitors. Transplants of Fucus vesiculosus (exposure of the algae in locations other than the ones where they originated) have been used in biomonitoring studies since the 70´s; however, it is still unkown whether there is a relationship between the concentrations of elements in seawater and the tissues of this species. Besides, there are pre-exposure treatments like desvitalization whose effect on element uptake in F. vesiculosus it is unkown. With the aim of answering these questions, living and devitalized transplants have been exposed to potentially polluted seawater locations while taking samples of water and the concentrations of 7 potentially toxic elements were determined in the samples of seawater and algae. Results show that there is not a linear relationship between the concentrations of elements in seawater and the algal tissues except for V; in this case, the relationship is inversely proportional which suggests that F. vesiculosus might not be adequate for biomonitoring this element either. On the other hand, devitalized algae showed elemental concentrations 2,4 to 15,7 times higher than fresh algae, except for Mn, whose levels were between 2,4 and 15,7 times lower. As a conclusion, F. vesiculosus is not an adequate biomonitor because it does not allow to estimate the concentrations of elements in seawater in a reliable and accurate way, although it allows to detect their presence. On the other hand, transplant devitalization causes physiological alterations in the organism that allow higher elemental uptake for most elements.
Direction
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ ARIAS, ANTON (Co-tutorships)
BOQUETE SEOANE, MARIA TERESA (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ ARIAS, ANTON (Co-tutorships)
Court
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Chairman)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Secretary)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Member)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Chairman)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Secretary)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Member)
Preparation and Characterization of Lyophilized Recombinant PrP for Experiments on the International Space Station
Authorship
A.M.G.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
A.M.G.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
The ZePrion experiment seeks to find a hypothesized folding intermediate of the prion protein (PrP) predicted by the PPI-FIT algorithm (Pharmacological Inactivation of Proteins Targeting a Folding Intermediate). For this, the PrionLab group is responsible for preparing the recombinant protein. In previous experiments, instability during the freeze/thaw cycle has been a limiting factor, affecting the logistics of shipping the protein to the final preparation point and loading it into the experimental module for delivery to NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to be sent to the ISS (International Space Station). In microgravity conditions, a co-crystal formed by the ligand of a PrP folding intermediate and its agonist SM875 is expected to confirm the effectiveness of the PPI-FIT method. This would bring a significant advancement in reducing PrPC levels in the brain and in treating prion diseases. Lyophilization is proposed as a potential solution to the problem. To verify its efficacy, several expressions were carried out, which were subsequently purified using an affinity column, dialyzed, and lyophilized. It was observed that the protein retained the CD spectrum (Circular Dichroism) corresponding to an alpha-helix, suggesting proper folding. NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) showed that most of its structure remained constant before and after lyophilization; however, small reproducible conformational changes were found, which could indicate slight variations in certain protein domains. The results suggest that lyophilization is a suitable technique for the storage and shipping of the protein to the ISS, although further analysis of the protein structure after the slight observed changes will be necessary to confirm its validity. This will allow the ZePrion experiment to proceed correctly, avoiding the instability problem present in the protein's freeze/thaw cycle.
The ZePrion experiment seeks to find a hypothesized folding intermediate of the prion protein (PrP) predicted by the PPI-FIT algorithm (Pharmacological Inactivation of Proteins Targeting a Folding Intermediate). For this, the PrionLab group is responsible for preparing the recombinant protein. In previous experiments, instability during the freeze/thaw cycle has been a limiting factor, affecting the logistics of shipping the protein to the final preparation point and loading it into the experimental module for delivery to NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to be sent to the ISS (International Space Station). In microgravity conditions, a co-crystal formed by the ligand of a PrP folding intermediate and its agonist SM875 is expected to confirm the effectiveness of the PPI-FIT method. This would bring a significant advancement in reducing PrPC levels in the brain and in treating prion diseases. Lyophilization is proposed as a potential solution to the problem. To verify its efficacy, several expressions were carried out, which were subsequently purified using an affinity column, dialyzed, and lyophilized. It was observed that the protein retained the CD spectrum (Circular Dichroism) corresponding to an alpha-helix, suggesting proper folding. NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) showed that most of its structure remained constant before and after lyophilization; however, small reproducible conformational changes were found, which could indicate slight variations in certain protein domains. The results suggest that lyophilization is a suitable technique for the storage and shipping of the protein to the ISS, although further analysis of the protein structure after the slight observed changes will be necessary to confirm its validity. This will allow the ZePrion experiment to proceed correctly, avoiding the instability problem present in the protein's freeze/thaw cycle.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Tutorships)
Court
LEIRO VIDAL, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Secretary)
MAURICIO IGLESIAS, MIGUEL (Member)
LEIRO VIDAL, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Secretary)
MAURICIO IGLESIAS, MIGUEL (Member)
Identification of protein biomarkers of response to Adalimumab treatment in patients with non-infectious uveitis
Authorship
P.R.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
P.R.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
Non-infectious uveitis is an intraocular inflammatory disease of the uvea, often of autoimmune origin and may be associated with systemic diseases. Primary therapy includes corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, but in some patients these fail to control intraocular inflammation and other treatments are necessary. Recently, anti-TNFalpha biologic agents such as Adalimumab have shown efficacy, although 40% of patients continue to fail to respond adequately, facing a therapeutic gap. This study focuses on the use of quantitative tear proteomics, an emerging and promising tool, to identify biomarkers of treatment response and guide new therapeutic options in patients with non-infectious uveitis non-responders to Adalimumab. Tear samples from 35 patients treated for at least six months, grouped into responders and non-responders, were analysed. Proteins were processed and the resulting peptides were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic and statistical analyses of the data were performed to determine significant differences in protein expression between responders and non-responders and to assess their potential as biomarkers of response. We found 29 significantly modulated proteins involved in processes related to immune activity and response to reactive oxygen species, although only three of these proteins (DEF1;DEF3, Biotinidase and ABCA1) showed potential as biomarkers of response to ADA treatment. These findings could contribute to the development of more effective and personalised treatments for patients with persistent inflammation.
Non-infectious uveitis is an intraocular inflammatory disease of the uvea, often of autoimmune origin and may be associated with systemic diseases. Primary therapy includes corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, but in some patients these fail to control intraocular inflammation and other treatments are necessary. Recently, anti-TNFalpha biologic agents such as Adalimumab have shown efficacy, although 40% of patients continue to fail to respond adequately, facing a therapeutic gap. This study focuses on the use of quantitative tear proteomics, an emerging and promising tool, to identify biomarkers of treatment response and guide new therapeutic options in patients with non-infectious uveitis non-responders to Adalimumab. Tear samples from 35 patients treated for at least six months, grouped into responders and non-responders, were analysed. Proteins were processed and the resulting peptides were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic and statistical analyses of the data were performed to determine significant differences in protein expression between responders and non-responders and to assess their potential as biomarkers of response. We found 29 significantly modulated proteins involved in processes related to immune activity and response to reactive oxygen species, although only three of these proteins (DEF1;DEF3, Biotinidase and ABCA1) showed potential as biomarkers of response to ADA treatment. These findings could contribute to the development of more effective and personalised treatments for patients with persistent inflammation.
Direction
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Rodríguez Martínez, Lorena (Co-tutorships)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Rodríguez Martínez, Lorena (Co-tutorships)
Court
LEIRO VIDAL, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Secretary)
MAURICIO IGLESIAS, MIGUEL (Member)
LEIRO VIDAL, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Secretary)
MAURICIO IGLESIAS, MIGUEL (Member)
Search for predictive genetic signatures for treatment with infliximab in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authorship
P.C.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
P.C.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
02.19.2024 15:00
02.19.2024 15:00
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease, mainly composed of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a set of chronic and recurrent disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract. Currently there is no definitive cure for this disease, but different symptomatic treatments are used. Infliximab is a safe and effective biological therapy used in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, and is based on its tumor necrosis factor antagonist action. However, a significant percentage of patients do not respond to treatment. For this reason, the objective of this work is the isolation of a genetic signature predictive of the response to infliximab in patients with ulcerative colitis. To this end, transcriptomic data sets of colon biopsies collected in a public repository were analyzed. The results of the bioinformatic analysis show protease expression patterns associated with the response to treatment with infliximab. Six specific biomarkers of infliximab have been defined: gene 3, gene 5, gene 6, gene 7, gene 8 and gene 9. The implementation of these biomarkers in the clinic as a prediction method would allow personalized treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis, although more studies are needed to verify their reliability.
Inflammatory bowel disease, mainly composed of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a set of chronic and recurrent disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract. Currently there is no definitive cure for this disease, but different symptomatic treatments are used. Infliximab is a safe and effective biological therapy used in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, and is based on its tumor necrosis factor antagonist action. However, a significant percentage of patients do not respond to treatment. For this reason, the objective of this work is the isolation of a genetic signature predictive of the response to infliximab in patients with ulcerative colitis. To this end, transcriptomic data sets of colon biopsies collected in a public repository were analyzed. The results of the bioinformatic analysis show protease expression patterns associated with the response to treatment with infliximab. Six specific biomarkers of infliximab have been defined: gene 3, gene 5, gene 6, gene 7, gene 8 and gene 9. The implementation of these biomarkers in the clinic as a prediction method would allow personalized treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis, although more studies are needed to verify their reliability.
Direction
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Tutorships)
Conde Aranda, Javier (Co-tutorships)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Tutorships)
Conde Aranda, Javier (Co-tutorships)
Court
PEREIRA LORENZO, SANTIAGO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
CARBALLA ARCOS, MARTA (Member)
PEREIRA LORENZO, SANTIAGO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
CARBALLA ARCOS, MARTA (Member)
Arsenic impact on viral and cellular interactors of tumor suppressor PML.
Authorship
U.P.M.
Bachelor of Biology
U.P.M.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 16:00
07.18.2024 16:00
Summary
Arsenic is a carcinogenic compound which is present in nature and can be toxic to living beings. However, some arsenic derivatives have medicinal properties and can be used to treat various diseases such as acute promyelocytic leukaemia. This disease results from a translocation that leads to a fusion between promyelocytic leukaemia gene (PML) and RAR-alpha. Arsenic’s activities include induction of covalent modification by small ubiquitin-like protein (SUMO) of PML, which favours ring-finger protein RFN4 recruitment and degradation of PML-RARa fusion through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Another mechanism that favours PML-RARa degradation is interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15). Previous results revealed that ISG15 can also be modified by SUMO. It is unknown if arsenic treatment induces ISG15 degradation through SUMO-ubiquitination or if it affects the relationship between free ISG15 and PML. This work tries to analyse these questions. To answer them, immunofluorescence and SUMOylation assays were performed. Results show that arsenic does not seem to alter IGS15 SUMOylation, but can promote free ISG15 translocation from cytoplasm to cell nucleus and nuclear periphery. It has also been detected that free ISG15 is translocated to cell nucleus when expressed with PML. In this case, we observed that PML is translocated to the cytoplasm in response to arsenic treatment. Further research might analyse the impact of this translocation in PML activity. The role of ISG15 and its SUMOylation in arsenic therapeutic effects may contribute to the development of new treatment strategies for acute promyelocytic leukaemia or to a better comprehension of the regulation of other PML activities.
Arsenic is a carcinogenic compound which is present in nature and can be toxic to living beings. However, some arsenic derivatives have medicinal properties and can be used to treat various diseases such as acute promyelocytic leukaemia. This disease results from a translocation that leads to a fusion between promyelocytic leukaemia gene (PML) and RAR-alpha. Arsenic’s activities include induction of covalent modification by small ubiquitin-like protein (SUMO) of PML, which favours ring-finger protein RFN4 recruitment and degradation of PML-RARa fusion through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Another mechanism that favours PML-RARa degradation is interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15). Previous results revealed that ISG15 can also be modified by SUMO. It is unknown if arsenic treatment induces ISG15 degradation through SUMO-ubiquitination or if it affects the relationship between free ISG15 and PML. This work tries to analyse these questions. To answer them, immunofluorescence and SUMOylation assays were performed. Results show that arsenic does not seem to alter IGS15 SUMOylation, but can promote free ISG15 translocation from cytoplasm to cell nucleus and nuclear periphery. It has also been detected that free ISG15 is translocated to cell nucleus when expressed with PML. In this case, we observed that PML is translocated to the cytoplasm in response to arsenic treatment. Further research might analyse the impact of this translocation in PML activity. The role of ISG15 and its SUMOylation in arsenic therapeutic effects may contribute to the development of new treatment strategies for acute promyelocytic leukaemia or to a better comprehension of the regulation of other PML activities.
Direction
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Rivas Vázquez, María del Carmen (Co-tutorships)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Rivas Vázquez, María del Carmen (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLAZQUEZ CAEIRO, JOSE LUIS (Chairman)
BARCA MAYO, OLGA (Secretary)
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Member)
BLAZQUEZ CAEIRO, JOSE LUIS (Chairman)
BARCA MAYO, OLGA (Secretary)
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Member)
Use of mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic strategy in the regeneration of tendons and ligaments after injury.
Authorship
J.C.O.
Bachelor of Biology
J.C.O.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
09.12.2024 17:00
09.12.2024 17:00
Summary
Tendons are the structures that attach skeletal muscle to bones and ligaments are those structures that attach adjacent bones to each other. Both structures, made up of dense connective tissue, lack good vascularization, which makes it difficult to recover after injury. Current therapeutic strategies often involve surgical intervention and tedious treatments that are not effective in the long term. To try to improve these treatments and shorten recovery time, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has recently been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to regenerate damaged tissue, because they have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into cell types of different connective tissues (fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes). In addition, numerous studies carried out in vivo and in vitro have shown that these stem cells accelerate the tissue repair process in injured mammalian tendons and ligaments, because they induce cell proliferation and secrete numerous molecules involved in cell regeneration, reduce inflammation, and promote vascularization in the injured area. The aim of this literature review is to know the role of MSCs (and the molecular mechanisms involved) in cell regeneration after tendon or ligamentous injury, and the advances made so far with treatments in which these cells are used. After analyzing the available information, it can be concluded that MSCs are useful in the regeneration of tendons and ligaments after an injury and treatments in which these cells are used are effective in most patients, observing a structural improvement, the recovery of mechanical strength and a reduction in recovery time compared to the natural healing process of the tissue.
Tendons are the structures that attach skeletal muscle to bones and ligaments are those structures that attach adjacent bones to each other. Both structures, made up of dense connective tissue, lack good vascularization, which makes it difficult to recover after injury. Current therapeutic strategies often involve surgical intervention and tedious treatments that are not effective in the long term. To try to improve these treatments and shorten recovery time, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has recently been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to regenerate damaged tissue, because they have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into cell types of different connective tissues (fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes). In addition, numerous studies carried out in vivo and in vitro have shown that these stem cells accelerate the tissue repair process in injured mammalian tendons and ligaments, because they induce cell proliferation and secrete numerous molecules involved in cell regeneration, reduce inflammation, and promote vascularization in the injured area. The aim of this literature review is to know the role of MSCs (and the molecular mechanisms involved) in cell regeneration after tendon or ligamentous injury, and the advances made so far with treatments in which these cells are used. After analyzing the available information, it can be concluded that MSCs are useful in the regeneration of tendons and ligaments after an injury and treatments in which these cells are used are effective in most patients, observing a structural improvement, the recovery of mechanical strength and a reduction in recovery time compared to the natural healing process of the tissue.
Direction
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Tutorships)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Tutorships)
Court
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
Study of a possible interaction between Pif1 and RPA by Yeast two hybrid in
Authorship
L.C.M.
Bachelor of Biology
L.C.M.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
09.12.2024 17:00
09.12.2024 17:00
Summary
Pif1 is an enzyme that belongs to the helicase family. These enzymes separate the two strands of DNA, allowing processes as fundamental as replication or transcription. In this context, it is known that Pif1 interacts through its carboxyl-terminal domain with other proteins to carry out its functions. This work focuses on the study of the amino terminal domain, which has been less studied. Many of the tasks that Pif1 performs involve the formation of single-stranded DNA, which is strongly recognized by RPA. The main objective of the study was to determine if there may be an interaction between Pif1 and RPA (single-stranded DNA-associated protein) and, if there is, to determine if it depends on the N-terminal end of Pif1. For this purpose, it was decided to use a two-hybrid system in yeast, a system widely used for the study of interactions between proteins in vivo. The results obtained indicate that the problems in the viability of the strains required for this assay, caused by the toxicity of the overexpression of Pif1, prevent us from determining whether there is such an interaction between the two proteins with this methodology.
Pif1 is an enzyme that belongs to the helicase family. These enzymes separate the two strands of DNA, allowing processes as fundamental as replication or transcription. In this context, it is known that Pif1 interacts through its carboxyl-terminal domain with other proteins to carry out its functions. This work focuses on the study of the amino terminal domain, which has been less studied. Many of the tasks that Pif1 performs involve the formation of single-stranded DNA, which is strongly recognized by RPA. The main objective of the study was to determine if there may be an interaction between Pif1 and RPA (single-stranded DNA-associated protein) and, if there is, to determine if it depends on the N-terminal end of Pif1. For this purpose, it was decided to use a two-hybrid system in yeast, a system widely used for the study of interactions between proteins in vivo. The results obtained indicate that the problems in the viability of the strains required for this assay, caused by the toxicity of the overexpression of Pif1, prevent us from determining whether there is such an interaction between the two proteins with this methodology.
Direction
González Blanco, Miguel (Tutorships)
Crugeiras Ríos, María (Co-tutorships)
González Blanco, Miguel (Tutorships)
Crugeiras Ríos, María (Co-tutorships)
Court
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
Biochemical and structural characterization of amyloid beta protein aggregates
Authorship
D.L.D.G.
Bachelor of Biology
D.L.D.G.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
09.12.2024 17:00
09.12.2024 17:00
Summary
According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis in the context of Alzheimer's disease, the aggregation and accumulation of amyloid beta peptide in the brain would be the initial event that triggers the pathology associated with this neurodegenerative disease. This protein goes through different states: monomers, oligomers, protofibrils, fibers, and finally, deposits to form extracellular amyloid plaques. Characterizing amyloid beta aggregates is essential for developing effective therapies that can prevent the disease. Specifically, and this is the focus of this thesis, describing the oligomers at the structural and biochemical level, which are relatively unknown due to their heterogeneity and transient nature, but manifest as the most toxic aggregates and act by promoting the aggregation and propagation of amyloid beta throughout the brain. First, we generated synthetic oligomers to analyze them using transmission electron microscopy to obtain the structural model; second, we isolated amyloid beta aggregates present in brain tissue samples through precipitation with sodium fosfotungstate and distinguished the present oligomers using Western blot analysis and Coomassie staining techniques.
According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis in the context of Alzheimer's disease, the aggregation and accumulation of amyloid beta peptide in the brain would be the initial event that triggers the pathology associated with this neurodegenerative disease. This protein goes through different states: monomers, oligomers, protofibrils, fibers, and finally, deposits to form extracellular amyloid plaques. Characterizing amyloid beta aggregates is essential for developing effective therapies that can prevent the disease. Specifically, and this is the focus of this thesis, describing the oligomers at the structural and biochemical level, which are relatively unknown due to their heterogeneity and transient nature, but manifest as the most toxic aggregates and act by promoting the aggregation and propagation of amyloid beta throughout the brain. First, we generated synthetic oligomers to analyze them using transmission electron microscopy to obtain the structural model; second, we isolated amyloid beta aggregates present in brain tissue samples through precipitation with sodium fosfotungstate and distinguished the present oligomers using Western blot analysis and Coomassie staining techniques.
Direction
RUIZ RIQUELME, ALEJANDRO IVAN (Tutorships)
RUIZ RIQUELME, ALEJANDRO IVAN (Tutorships)
Court
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
Micro-topographies to prevent bacterial adhesion to surfaces
Authorship
H.J.A.
Bachelor of Biology
H.J.A.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
09.12.2024 17:00
09.12.2024 17:00
Summary
Microbial biofilms are communities that live embedded in an extracellular matrix that provides them with tolerance to antimicrobial substances. This mode of life complicates their removal, especially in clinical settings where the colonization of medical devices primarily affects patients with implants. The study of preventing biofilm formation on biomaterials has yielded strategies based on the surface modification of materials, such as the use of antimicrobial coatings or the development of new materials that are inherently resistant to bacterial adhesion. Surface modification of materials through the introduction of topographical patterns has emerged as a promising research field due to its significant impact on microbial adhesion. However, the lack of understanding of the interactions between bacterial cells and topographical surfaces has limited the development of a universal model for effective anti-adhesive topographies. This work integrates a literature review with the acquisition of data from actual images of bacterial adhesion to topographical surfaces, followed by a preliminary analysis of this data with the aim of investigating the feasibility of using microtopographies in the development of biomaterials. The obtained results confirmed the existence of anti-adhesive topographies for bacteria, which could expand our knowledge about the influence of surface topographies on microbial colonization and open new avenues for research in the design of anti-biofilm medical devices.
Microbial biofilms are communities that live embedded in an extracellular matrix that provides them with tolerance to antimicrobial substances. This mode of life complicates their removal, especially in clinical settings where the colonization of medical devices primarily affects patients with implants. The study of preventing biofilm formation on biomaterials has yielded strategies based on the surface modification of materials, such as the use of antimicrobial coatings or the development of new materials that are inherently resistant to bacterial adhesion. Surface modification of materials through the introduction of topographical patterns has emerged as a promising research field due to its significant impact on microbial adhesion. However, the lack of understanding of the interactions between bacterial cells and topographical surfaces has limited the development of a universal model for effective anti-adhesive topographies. This work integrates a literature review with the acquisition of data from actual images of bacterial adhesion to topographical surfaces, followed by a preliminary analysis of this data with the aim of investigating the feasibility of using microtopographies in the development of biomaterials. The obtained results confirmed the existence of anti-adhesive topographies for bacteria, which could expand our knowledge about the influence of surface topographies on microbial colonization and open new avenues for research in the design of anti-biofilm medical devices.
Direction
ROMERO BERNARDEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
ROMERO BERNARDEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
Listeria monocytogenes biofilms: evaluation of prevention methods and control.
Authorship
M.O.F.
Bachelor of Biology
M.O.F.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
09.12.2024 17:00
09.12.2024 17:00
Summary
Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacteria primarily found in foods. This bacteria forms biofilms that confer resistance to sanitizers. One of the main sources of L. monocytogenes infection is in the industrial environment related to food processing, being particularly problematic foods that have not undergone prior thermal treatment. To prevent this, it is preferable to prioritize cleaning the facilities with specific cleaning and disinfection programs. As demonstrated in different studies, the most effective products are those composed of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), peracetic acid (PAA), and sodium hypochlorite (SH). The main objective was to determine the effectiveness of different sanitizers to inhibit the growth or reduce the viability of the bacteria, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The ability to inhibit biofilm formation by L.monocytogenes was determined for the most effective sanitizer. Five compounds whose formulation included quaternary ammonium turned out to have greater effectiveness. On the opposite side, enzyme-based sanitizer does not inhibit the growth of L.monocytogenes or Escherichia coli. The most effective quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant (lower MIC and MBC) also inhibited biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes and this ability was dose dependent.
Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacteria primarily found in foods. This bacteria forms biofilms that confer resistance to sanitizers. One of the main sources of L. monocytogenes infection is in the industrial environment related to food processing, being particularly problematic foods that have not undergone prior thermal treatment. To prevent this, it is preferable to prioritize cleaning the facilities with specific cleaning and disinfection programs. As demonstrated in different studies, the most effective products are those composed of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), peracetic acid (PAA), and sodium hypochlorite (SH). The main objective was to determine the effectiveness of different sanitizers to inhibit the growth or reduce the viability of the bacteria, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The ability to inhibit biofilm formation by L.monocytogenes was determined for the most effective sanitizer. Five compounds whose formulation included quaternary ammonium turned out to have greater effectiveness. On the opposite side, enzyme-based sanitizer does not inhibit the growth of L.monocytogenes or Escherichia coli. The most effective quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant (lower MIC and MBC) also inhibited biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes and this ability was dose dependent.
Direction
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
TORRES CORRAL, YOLANDA (Co-tutorships)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
TORRES CORRAL, YOLANDA (Co-tutorships)
Court
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
CORDERO SANTAMARIA, OSCAR JAVIER (Chairman)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Secretary)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Member)
Maternal climatic environment effects in the annual plant Rumex bucephalophorus
Authorship
R.L.A.
Bachelor of Biology
R.L.A.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
09.12.2024 17:00
09.12.2024 17:00
Summary
Maternal effects are the influence that the environment in which the mother plant grows has on the characteristics of its offspring, regardless of the direct genetic contribution. They have important ecological and evolutionary implications. This work studies Rumex bucephalophorus, an annual plant species that grows in different environments, including dunes. Seeds were extracted from a parental population that grew in an experimental plot, located on the Island of Sálvora, which simulates the climate change scenario expected for 2050. R. bucephalophorus presents heteromorphism in its seeds, making differentiation in this work between long- and short-distance dispersal diaspores. The objective of this work is to determine the existence of maternal effects in the study species, and whether this would favor one type of seed or another. For this purpose, different parameters of germination, leaf physiology and growth were analyzed. The results showed the existence of significant maternal effects, as well as a relationship with the type of diaspora.
Maternal effects are the influence that the environment in which the mother plant grows has on the characteristics of its offspring, regardless of the direct genetic contribution. They have important ecological and evolutionary implications. This work studies Rumex bucephalophorus, an annual plant species that grows in different environments, including dunes. Seeds were extracted from a parental population that grew in an experimental plot, located on the Island of Sálvora, which simulates the climate change scenario expected for 2050. R. bucephalophorus presents heteromorphism in its seeds, making differentiation in this work between long- and short-distance dispersal diaspores. The objective of this work is to determine the existence of maternal effects in the study species, and whether this would favor one type of seed or another. For this purpose, different parameters of germination, leaf physiology and growth were analyzed. The results showed the existence of significant maternal effects, as well as a relationship with the type of diaspora.
Direction
SANCHEZ VILAS, JULIA (Tutorships)
SANCHEZ VILAS, JULIA (Tutorships)
Court
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Chairman)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Secretary)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Member)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Chairman)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Secretary)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Member)
Fluorometric determinations related to episodes of cyanobacterial blooms in the Belesar reservoir.
Authorship
C.V.R.M.
Bachelor of Biology
C.V.R.M.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
09.12.2024 17:00
09.12.2024 17:00
Summary
Cyanobacteria, also known as cyanophyceae or blue-green algae, can proliferate explosively leading to blooms. Certain species of cyanobacteria are toxic, causing different environmental and human health problems. In this work we sought to determine the percentage of algal groups in the periods before, during and after the bloom, the morphospecific diversity and which species was dominant. The study was carried out in the Belesar reservoir (Miño river) in which 5 points were sampled in the headwaters and another 5 in the tail during the months of june/july, september and november in the years 2022 and 2023. The methodology and results of the investigation are presented. Fluorometric analyses were performed to determine the algal groups, physico-chemical analyses were performed and the different morphospecies were identified separated by buoyancy techniques. These results allow us to conclude that the Belesar reservoir is susceptible to cyanobacterial blooms at the end of summer, that the dominant cyanobacterial species in september in both years was Woronichinia naegeliana and that the algal biomass is unevenly distributed over time.
Cyanobacteria, also known as cyanophyceae or blue-green algae, can proliferate explosively leading to blooms. Certain species of cyanobacteria are toxic, causing different environmental and human health problems. In this work we sought to determine the percentage of algal groups in the periods before, during and after the bloom, the morphospecific diversity and which species was dominant. The study was carried out in the Belesar reservoir (Miño river) in which 5 points were sampled in the headwaters and another 5 in the tail during the months of june/july, september and november in the years 2022 and 2023. The methodology and results of the investigation are presented. Fluorometric analyses were performed to determine the algal groups, physico-chemical analyses were performed and the different morphospecies were identified separated by buoyancy techniques. These results allow us to conclude that the Belesar reservoir is susceptible to cyanobacterial blooms at the end of summer, that the dominant cyanobacterial species in september in both years was Woronichinia naegeliana and that the algal biomass is unevenly distributed over time.
Direction
COBO GRADIN, FERNANDO (Tutorships)
BARCA BRAVO, SANDRA (Co-tutorships)
COBO GRADIN, FERNANDO (Tutorships)
BARCA BRAVO, SANDRA (Co-tutorships)
Court
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Chairman)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Secretary)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Member)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Chairman)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Secretary)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Member)
Development of the vegetal community of the Quiaios dunes (after the fire of 2017)
Authorship
R.R.J.
Bachelor of Biology
R.R.J.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.19.2024 16:00
02.19.2024 16:00
Summary
This study aimed to analyze the development of vegetation in a coastal dune ecosystem in central-eastern Portugal, 4 and 5 years after the last major fire. To achieve this objective, data collection was carried out in burned plots, differentiating two topographic positions and two different study years. The biological information obtained referred to the structure of the biological community: coverage of the plant strata and individual species, floristic composition, heights and crown diameters of the dominant species in 2022 and vital status of the dominant species in 2022. Using the cover data of the individual species, several diversity measures were calculated, and the two topographic positions and the two years of study were compared. A clear difference was observed in topographical positions in terms of the number of individuals, crown diameters, and heights. This study provides valuable insights into the ecological resilience and regeneration dynamics in ecosystems affected by fires.
This study aimed to analyze the development of vegetation in a coastal dune ecosystem in central-eastern Portugal, 4 and 5 years after the last major fire. To achieve this objective, data collection was carried out in burned plots, differentiating two topographic positions and two different study years. The biological information obtained referred to the structure of the biological community: coverage of the plant strata and individual species, floristic composition, heights and crown diameters of the dominant species in 2022 and vital status of the dominant species in 2022. Using the cover data of the individual species, several diversity measures were calculated, and the two topographic positions and the two years of study were compared. A clear difference was observed in topographical positions in terms of the number of individuals, crown diameters, and heights. This study provides valuable insights into the ecological resilience and regeneration dynamics in ecosystems affected by fires.
Direction
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Tutorships)
Fernández Riveiro, Sheila (Co-tutorships)
Aquino Maia, Paula Alexandra (Co-tutorships)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Tutorships)
Fernández Riveiro, Sheila (Co-tutorships)
Aquino Maia, Paula Alexandra (Co-tutorships)
Court
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Chairman)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Secretary)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Member)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Chairman)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Secretary)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Member)
Ecophysiological comparision between plants from native and invasive populations of the genus Carpobrotus facing the attack of the snail Theba pisana
Authorship
A.S.B.
Bachelor of Biology
A.S.B.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.19.2024 16:00
02.19.2024 16:00
Summary
In this work we conducted an experiment in a greenhouse with 80 plants of the genus Carpobrotus from eight populations, three of which are native to South Africa and five are invasive alien ones introduced into other regions. Based on a previous study, we know that plants from the introduced populations belong to two different genetic clusters (categorised as A and B) and others belong to an admixed combination of three identified genetic clusters (A + B +C). These plants were subjected to biotic stress by exposing them to the attack of the generalist gastropod Theba pisana. The goal is to assess the growth of the populations of Carpobrotus sp. that belong to the same genetic cluster and have a different origin under the same abiotic conditions and before the attack of T. pisana. Thus, we could assess the invasive potential of the genus and see if this snail could be used as biologic control against Carpobrotus. The results showed that the populations have almost the same shoot biomass, but regarding the length, the population from New Zealand of cluster A and the admixed South African one are the ones that increase the least in general. In relation to the roots, the admixed South African one is the one that presents the smallest root biomass and length between all the populations. Additionally, the results of the plants exposed to T. pisana denote that the snail does not seem to affect the shoot or root biomass or length, except for the admixed Italian population. The individuals of this population show a very small shoot increase if compared with its control. These results indicate that Carpobrotus is not affected by the attack of T. pisana and, therefore, this snail would not serve as control method.
In this work we conducted an experiment in a greenhouse with 80 plants of the genus Carpobrotus from eight populations, three of which are native to South Africa and five are invasive alien ones introduced into other regions. Based on a previous study, we know that plants from the introduced populations belong to two different genetic clusters (categorised as A and B) and others belong to an admixed combination of three identified genetic clusters (A + B +C). These plants were subjected to biotic stress by exposing them to the attack of the generalist gastropod Theba pisana. The goal is to assess the growth of the populations of Carpobrotus sp. that belong to the same genetic cluster and have a different origin under the same abiotic conditions and before the attack of T. pisana. Thus, we could assess the invasive potential of the genus and see if this snail could be used as biologic control against Carpobrotus. The results showed that the populations have almost the same shoot biomass, but regarding the length, the population from New Zealand of cluster A and the admixed South African one are the ones that increase the least in general. In relation to the roots, the admixed South African one is the one that presents the smallest root biomass and length between all the populations. Additionally, the results of the plants exposed to T. pisana denote that the snail does not seem to affect the shoot or root biomass or length, except for the admixed Italian population. The individuals of this population show a very small shoot increase if compared with its control. These results indicate that Carpobrotus is not affected by the attack of T. pisana and, therefore, this snail would not serve as control method.
Direction
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Tutorships)
Rodríguez Parra, Jonatan (Co-tutorships)
RETUERTO FRANCO, JOSE CARLOS RUBÉN (Tutorships)
Rodríguez Parra, Jonatan (Co-tutorships)
Court
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Chairman)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Secretary)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Member)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Chairman)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Secretary)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Member)
Cold survival strategies in insects.
Authorship
F.S.R.
Bachelor of Biology
F.S.R.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.19.2024 16:00
02.19.2024 16:00
Summary
Insects have developed a series of physiological mechanisms to cope with the harmful effects of low temperatures. As autumn progresses, they use environmental cues such as shortening day length and gradually lowering temperatures to trigger seasonal cold-hardening adaptations. Most of these adaptations are triggered by diapause, a physiological state of inactivity. The main objective of this work is to synthetically expose the mechanisms by which insects can withstand low temperatures and achieve their survival and/or that of their progeny until the next favorable season. The literature used consists of scientific documents on the physiological mechanisms involved, as well as studies in specific species, and it can be concluded that the mechanisms used include changes in cellular function, biochemistry and gene expression, as well as changes in the behavior that allows improving cell function and viability at low temperatures. These mechanisms can take place over a long period of time, consisting of a slow and gradual adaptation or a more rapid adaptation. Rapid adaptation allows insects to improve their cold tolerance almost instantly, to cope with sudden exposures. There is also a third type of adaptation that occurs with repeated exposures. From the beginning, it was thought that such adaptations shared the same mechanisms of action, but recent studies have questioned some of the previously accepted hypotheses. Despite the progress made in understanding low temperature adaptations in insects, crucial adaptations remain unidentified, and a major goal of future studies should be to elucidate these mechanisms. Emphasis should also be placed on providing an integrated understanding of the adaptations used by particular species and how these impact and are impacted by the ecology of the organism.
Insects have developed a series of physiological mechanisms to cope with the harmful effects of low temperatures. As autumn progresses, they use environmental cues such as shortening day length and gradually lowering temperatures to trigger seasonal cold-hardening adaptations. Most of these adaptations are triggered by diapause, a physiological state of inactivity. The main objective of this work is to synthetically expose the mechanisms by which insects can withstand low temperatures and achieve their survival and/or that of their progeny until the next favorable season. The literature used consists of scientific documents on the physiological mechanisms involved, as well as studies in specific species, and it can be concluded that the mechanisms used include changes in cellular function, biochemistry and gene expression, as well as changes in the behavior that allows improving cell function and viability at low temperatures. These mechanisms can take place over a long period of time, consisting of a slow and gradual adaptation or a more rapid adaptation. Rapid adaptation allows insects to improve their cold tolerance almost instantly, to cope with sudden exposures. There is also a third type of adaptation that occurs with repeated exposures. From the beginning, it was thought that such adaptations shared the same mechanisms of action, but recent studies have questioned some of the previously accepted hypotheses. Despite the progress made in understanding low temperature adaptations in insects, crucial adaptations remain unidentified, and a major goal of future studies should be to elucidate these mechanisms. Emphasis should also be placed on providing an integrated understanding of the adaptations used by particular species and how these impact and are impacted by the ecology of the organism.
Direction
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Chairman)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Secretary)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Member)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Chairman)
FERRADAS RIAL, YOLANDA (Secretary)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Member)
Impact of human use on the community of aquatic birds present in beaches of the Cantabrian coast
Authorship
S.B.P.
Bachelor of Biology
S.B.P.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.20.2024 10:00
02.20.2024 10:00
Summary
Climate change and the increasing presence of human beings in coastal areas have important impacts on the beach ecosystem. Specifically, waterbirds use sandy beaches for resting, feeding and breeding, behaviors that are altered by the presence of humans, associated with various activities, and pets, involving habitat loss and decreased survival rate, among other effects. The present study describes the aquatic birdlife roosting on beaches of the Cantabrian coast along with the human uses of these beaches and the interactions between birds, people and dogs. Two beaches in the province of Lugo and one in Asturias were sampled from March to June 2023. Censuses of birds, people and dogs were carried out every hour since arrival at the observation point, coinciding with sunrise, until sunset and the disturbances caused by humans and dogs throughout the day were measured. A total of 8,651 birds were counted, predominantly yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis), lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus) and sanderling (Calidris alba); 18,583 people and 607 dogs, mostly unleashed. A total of 862 disturbances on stationary birds were recorded, predominantly caused by walkers and dogs. Different lines of management aimed at optimizing the reception of waterfowl on the beaches and facilitating coexistence with human uses are presented.
Climate change and the increasing presence of human beings in coastal areas have important impacts on the beach ecosystem. Specifically, waterbirds use sandy beaches for resting, feeding and breeding, behaviors that are altered by the presence of humans, associated with various activities, and pets, involving habitat loss and decreased survival rate, among other effects. The present study describes the aquatic birdlife roosting on beaches of the Cantabrian coast along with the human uses of these beaches and the interactions between birds, people and dogs. Two beaches in the province of Lugo and one in Asturias were sampled from March to June 2023. Censuses of birds, people and dogs were carried out every hour since arrival at the observation point, coinciding with sunrise, until sunset and the disturbances caused by humans and dogs throughout the day were measured. A total of 8,651 birds were counted, predominantly yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis), lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus) and sanderling (Calidris alba); 18,583 people and 607 dogs, mostly unleashed. A total of 862 disturbances on stationary birds were recorded, predominantly caused by walkers and dogs. Different lines of management aimed at optimizing the reception of waterfowl on the beaches and facilitating coexistence with human uses are presented.
Direction
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Court
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Secretary)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Secretary)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Novel potential strains for bioremoval of xenobiotics from cultural heritage
Authorship
J.L.F.
Bachelor of Biology
J.L.F.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.20.2024 10:00
02.20.2024 10:00
Summary
Bioremoval or biocleaning is the use of living (micro)organisms to remove unwanted substances (contaminants), usually present in the environment due to human activities. In the cultural heritage field, since 1990 to date, microorganisms have been identified, selected and used for the biological removal of naturally occurring substances, such as salts and organic matter, with Pseudomonas stutzeri and Desulfovibrio vulgaris being the most commonly used bacterial species. These advances are not completely extrapolable to the biocleaning of xenobiotics (i.e., synthetic chemical substances that are difficult to degradate), a field in which there has been little and very recent research. In order to advance in this sense, in this End-of-course project, framed within the BIOXEN project, a search and identification of potential strains for the biocleaning of xenobiotics, such as resins, graffiti and artificial bituminous materials, has been carried out. For this purpose, samples of lead white and gold leaf from the central tympanum of the main façade of Pazo de Raxoi were taken. As these paints are rich in heavy metals such as lead and gold, they are potential habitats for new strains of bacteria with bioremediation capacity. In-situ, small not very exposed areas (protected from rain and wind) were swabbed with wet swabs for isolation of the strains and their subsequent identification by 16S rDNA sequencing. In addition, small fragments of material were characterized by SEM-EDX, FTIR and Raman. A total of 73 strains were isolated, 32 of them bacteria and the majority isolated from black-coloured lead white (13), followed by gold leaf (8), white-coloured lead white (6) and gre-coloured lead white (5). The species, identified using the GenBank and EzBioCloud databases, belong mostly to the genera Pseudomonas and Frigoribacterium, and about half of them seem to have the ability to biodegrade synthetic chemical compounds according to previous studies.
Bioremoval or biocleaning is the use of living (micro)organisms to remove unwanted substances (contaminants), usually present in the environment due to human activities. In the cultural heritage field, since 1990 to date, microorganisms have been identified, selected and used for the biological removal of naturally occurring substances, such as salts and organic matter, with Pseudomonas stutzeri and Desulfovibrio vulgaris being the most commonly used bacterial species. These advances are not completely extrapolable to the biocleaning of xenobiotics (i.e., synthetic chemical substances that are difficult to degradate), a field in which there has been little and very recent research. In order to advance in this sense, in this End-of-course project, framed within the BIOXEN project, a search and identification of potential strains for the biocleaning of xenobiotics, such as resins, graffiti and artificial bituminous materials, has been carried out. For this purpose, samples of lead white and gold leaf from the central tympanum of the main façade of Pazo de Raxoi were taken. As these paints are rich in heavy metals such as lead and gold, they are potential habitats for new strains of bacteria with bioremediation capacity. In-situ, small not very exposed areas (protected from rain and wind) were swabbed with wet swabs for isolation of the strains and their subsequent identification by 16S rDNA sequencing. In addition, small fragments of material were characterized by SEM-EDX, FTIR and Raman. A total of 73 strains were isolated, 32 of them bacteria and the majority isolated from black-coloured lead white (13), followed by gold leaf (8), white-coloured lead white (6) and gre-coloured lead white (5). The species, identified using the GenBank and EzBioCloud databases, belong mostly to the genera Pseudomonas and Frigoribacterium, and about half of them seem to have the ability to biodegrade synthetic chemical compounds according to previous studies.
Direction
SANMARTIN SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
MENDEZ VILLAR, ANXO (Co-tutorships)
SANMARTIN SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
MENDEZ VILLAR, ANXO (Co-tutorships)
Court
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Secretary)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Secretary)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Altitudinal changes in animal diversity associated with climate change
Authorship
E.P.B.
Bachelor of Biology
E.P.B.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.20.2024 10:00
02.20.2024 10:00
Summary
Climate change is threatening mountain ecosystems, forcing species to move altitudinally in order to survive. Through the bibliographic analysis of different articles, it has been decided to individually analyze the response to climate change of each biological group and finally provide a joint analysis of the behavior of biodiversity in the face of this phenomenon. A clear shift towards higher altitudes has been found, causing a mismatch between the species and their environment, with serious consequences for the entire ecosystem. There are more vulnerable groups depending on their physiology and behavior, such as invertebrates, amphibians and reptiles, while in mammals and birds these impacts are not seen as clearly. At the same time, there is a bias in the knowledge of these groups and, consequently, it makes it difficult to make future projections. The urgency in research and conservation measures is evident, in order to mitigate the negative effects of climate change on the biodiversity of our planet and avoid a mass extinction of high mountain species.
Climate change is threatening mountain ecosystems, forcing species to move altitudinally in order to survive. Through the bibliographic analysis of different articles, it has been decided to individually analyze the response to climate change of each biological group and finally provide a joint analysis of the behavior of biodiversity in the face of this phenomenon. A clear shift towards higher altitudes has been found, causing a mismatch between the species and their environment, with serious consequences for the entire ecosystem. There are more vulnerable groups depending on their physiology and behavior, such as invertebrates, amphibians and reptiles, while in mammals and birds these impacts are not seen as clearly. At the same time, there is a bias in the knowledge of these groups and, consequently, it makes it difficult to make future projections. The urgency in research and conservation measures is evident, in order to mitigate the negative effects of climate change on the biodiversity of our planet and avoid a mass extinction of high mountain species.
Direction
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Tutorships)
BASELGA FRAGA, ANDRES (Co-tutorships)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Tutorships)
BASELGA FRAGA, ANDRES (Co-tutorships)
Court
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Secretary)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Secretary)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Analysis of the morphological, molecular and chromosomal variability in the Matthiola fruticulosa (Loefl.) Maire complex in the Mediterranean basin.
Authorship
U.P.L.
Bachelor of Biology
U.P.L.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
02.20.2024 10:00
02.20.2024 10:00
Summary
The Matthiola fruticulosa complex has a wide distribution in the Mediterranean basin and Macaronesia. It consists of two subspecies (Matthiola fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa and Matthiola fruticulosa subsp. valesiaca) and a related taxon (Matthiola perennis). Morphological, chromosomal and molecular variability are analyzed through various statistical and phyllogenetic methods. The results clarify the morphological characteristics of each group, but not always coinciding with the reference works of taxonomy of the group. Chromosome counts only identify the diploid level in the different populations studied, in some cases for the first time, such as the Pyrenean populations of Matthiola fruticulosa subsp. valesiaca Phylogenetic analyzes do not seem to support the current taxonomic treatments, and a taxonomic reconsideration of the orophyte M. perennis and the Pyrenean populations of Matthiola fruticulosa subsp. valesiaca can be necesary
The Matthiola fruticulosa complex has a wide distribution in the Mediterranean basin and Macaronesia. It consists of two subspecies (Matthiola fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa and Matthiola fruticulosa subsp. valesiaca) and a related taxon (Matthiola perennis). Morphological, chromosomal and molecular variability are analyzed through various statistical and phyllogenetic methods. The results clarify the morphological characteristics of each group, but not always coinciding with the reference works of taxonomy of the group. Chromosome counts only identify the diploid level in the different populations studied, in some cases for the first time, such as the Pyrenean populations of Matthiola fruticulosa subsp. valesiaca Phylogenetic analyzes do not seem to support the current taxonomic treatments, and a taxonomic reconsideration of the orophyte M. perennis and the Pyrenean populations of Matthiola fruticulosa subsp. valesiaca can be necesary
Direction
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Tutorships)
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Court
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Secretary)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
PARADELO NUÑEZ, REMIGIO (Secretary)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Oral and Intestinal Microbiota of Migrants in the Andean Corridor: Possible Implications
Authorship
C.C.A.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
C.C.A.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
02.19.2024 15:00
02.19.2024 15:00
Summary
The Venezuelan migration, which has led more than five million people to escape economic crisis and violence in their country over the last five years, is an extraordinary phenomenon in Latin America. This exodus raises critical concerns about how alterations in oral and intestinal microbiomes, related to changes in diet and sanitary conditions during the migration process, can encourage colonization by superbacteria and the acquisition and development of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. All of this takes place in a context of human mobility that facilitates its spread across different countries. To address this issue, this study will use massive sequencing technologies to analyze changes in the oral and intestinal bacterial microbiome of migrants in the Andean corridor, and will conduct a predictive analysis of the resistome of these microbiomes throughout the migration process. This will be done through the study of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, estimating microbial richness and diversity. The analyses conducted allow observing differences between oral and intestinal microbiomes in terms of their composition of microorganisms, as well as differences in oral microbiomes between migrant and resident populations. The latter cannot be stated categorically as it is considered necessary to conduct the study with a larger sample size.
The Venezuelan migration, which has led more than five million people to escape economic crisis and violence in their country over the last five years, is an extraordinary phenomenon in Latin America. This exodus raises critical concerns about how alterations in oral and intestinal microbiomes, related to changes in diet and sanitary conditions during the migration process, can encourage colonization by superbacteria and the acquisition and development of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. All of this takes place in a context of human mobility that facilitates its spread across different countries. To address this issue, this study will use massive sequencing technologies to analyze changes in the oral and intestinal bacterial microbiome of migrants in the Andean corridor, and will conduct a predictive analysis of the resistome of these microbiomes throughout the migration process. This will be done through the study of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, estimating microbial richness and diversity. The analyses conducted allow observing differences between oral and intestinal microbiomes in terms of their composition of microorganisms, as well as differences in oral microbiomes between migrant and resident populations. The latter cannot be stated categorically as it is considered necessary to conduct the study with a larger sample size.
Direction
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Tutorships)
Quintela Baluja, Marcos (Co-tutorships)
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Tutorships)
Quintela Baluja, Marcos (Co-tutorships)
Court
PEREIRA LORENZO, SANTIAGO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
CARBALLA ARCOS, MARTA (Member)
PEREIRA LORENZO, SANTIAGO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
CARBALLA ARCOS, MARTA (Member)
The microbiota-gut-brain axis and the potential use of probiotics and prebiotics as a treatment to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Authorship
I.G.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
I.G.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
02.19.2024 15:00
02.19.2024 15:00
Summary
The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gut microbiota with the brain, exerting profound influences in several physiological functions, including mental health. Recent research suggests that an altered microbial composition, termed dysbiosis, may contribute to the development of anxiety and depression. Pathways such as the vagus nerve, the enteric nervous system and the immune signalling system are involved in this axis. The starting hypothesis of this literature review is that the use of treatments targeting the gut microbiota, such as probiotics and prebiotics, may be potentially useful in improving anxious and depressive symptoms in both healthy individuals and patients with these disorders. Through the current literature, we seek to test this hypothesis and to understand the mechanisms mainly involved in this association. The main findings indicate that dysbiosis exerts effects on anxiety and depression through increasing the inflammatory state of the body and disrupting gut-brain communication. In addition, some studies suggest that certain probiotic strains and prebiotics (mainly oligosaccharides) may improve mood and reduce anxiety through the production of anti-inflammatory metabolites or neurotransmitters. However, more research is needed to identify specific strains, optimal dosage and treatment duration for each individual.
The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gut microbiota with the brain, exerting profound influences in several physiological functions, including mental health. Recent research suggests that an altered microbial composition, termed dysbiosis, may contribute to the development of anxiety and depression. Pathways such as the vagus nerve, the enteric nervous system and the immune signalling system are involved in this axis. The starting hypothesis of this literature review is that the use of treatments targeting the gut microbiota, such as probiotics and prebiotics, may be potentially useful in improving anxious and depressive symptoms in both healthy individuals and patients with these disorders. Through the current literature, we seek to test this hypothesis and to understand the mechanisms mainly involved in this association. The main findings indicate that dysbiosis exerts effects on anxiety and depression through increasing the inflammatory state of the body and disrupting gut-brain communication. In addition, some studies suggest that certain probiotic strains and prebiotics (mainly oligosaccharides) may improve mood and reduce anxiety through the production of anti-inflammatory metabolites or neurotransmitters. However, more research is needed to identify specific strains, optimal dosage and treatment duration for each individual.
Direction
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Tutorships)
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Co-tutorships)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Tutorships)
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
PEREIRA LORENZO, SANTIAGO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
CARBALLA ARCOS, MARTA (Member)
PEREIRA LORENZO, SANTIAGO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
CARBALLA ARCOS, MARTA (Member)
Enrichment of an anaerobic mixed culture in favour of odd-chain Volatile Fatty Acid Production
Authorship
A.M.R.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
A.M.R.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
02.19.2024 15:00
02.19.2024 15:00
Summary
The production of biodegradable plastics which are competitive in quality and costs is an important objective for an economy ever more conscious of its impacts. A feed rich in odd-chain volatile fatty acids would be a fine substrate to produce polyhydroxyalcanoates with good physical properties. Furthermore, obtaining this sort of feed from organic residues would help to not only greatly reduce the costs, but also bring positive value from organic waste treatment. In this project, a mathematical model was used which is able to simulate the dynamics of an anaerobic mixed culture fermentation, in order to design an enrichment protocol for the microorganisms, and microorganism consortia, which selectively produce odd-chain volatile fatty acids. For this purpose, a substrate rich in glucose and amino acids was used. After carrying out these cultures, a metagenomic analysis was performed upon the involved communities, using Illumina sequenciation and the bioinformatic tools provided by QIIME 2. The result was the identification of a variety of organisms which had disproportionately proliferated throughout a culture which was highly selective for odd-chain volatile fatty acids. Among these were the geni Streptococcus, Paraeggerthella, Morganella as well as some types of Clostridia. The results suggest the conversion of a large part of the substrate to lactic acid as an intermediate product
The production of biodegradable plastics which are competitive in quality and costs is an important objective for an economy ever more conscious of its impacts. A feed rich in odd-chain volatile fatty acids would be a fine substrate to produce polyhydroxyalcanoates with good physical properties. Furthermore, obtaining this sort of feed from organic residues would help to not only greatly reduce the costs, but also bring positive value from organic waste treatment. In this project, a mathematical model was used which is able to simulate the dynamics of an anaerobic mixed culture fermentation, in order to design an enrichment protocol for the microorganisms, and microorganism consortia, which selectively produce odd-chain volatile fatty acids. For this purpose, a substrate rich in glucose and amino acids was used. After carrying out these cultures, a metagenomic analysis was performed upon the involved communities, using Illumina sequenciation and the bioinformatic tools provided by QIIME 2. The result was the identification of a variety of organisms which had disproportionately proliferated throughout a culture which was highly selective for odd-chain volatile fatty acids. Among these were the geni Streptococcus, Paraeggerthella, Morganella as well as some types of Clostridia. The results suggest the conversion of a large part of the substrate to lactic acid as an intermediate product
Direction
MAURICIO IGLESIAS, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Co-tutorships)
MAURICIO IGLESIAS, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Co-tutorships)
Court
PEREIRA LORENZO, SANTIAGO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
CARBALLA ARCOS, MARTA (Member)
PEREIRA LORENZO, SANTIAGO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
CARBALLA ARCOS, MARTA (Member)
Sarcopenia: Molecular mechanisms, current treatments and future perspective
Authorship
C.M.M.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
C.M.M.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
02.19.2024 15:00
02.19.2024 15:00
Summary
Sarcopenia is a syndrome primarily associated with aging, leading to the loss of functionality due to a progressive decrease in muscle mass. Sarcopenia is linked to an increased risk of mortality from all causes, and given the current trend of population aging, there is growing concern about finding a direct and effective treatment. Therefore, the objective of this work is to search for and analyze various studies and reviews aimed at investigating potential treatments, either for the present or the future. As a methodology, scientific articles were obtained through a literature review of some of the main scientific databases on the Internet, such as Google Scholar or PubMed. The analyzed articles present the results of the study of different current and future methods to combat sarcopenia, including protein consumption, strength training, supplementation, testosterone therapy, and gene therapy. Most of the research shows positive effects in preventing sarcopenia as a result of using these different options, although current methods do not seem entirely effective in treating the disease comprehensively. In conclusion, strength training is advocated as the best current tool for managing and preventing sarcopenia. However, pharmacological therapy and gene therapy appear to show greater potential as effective treatments, although further research is needed in all fields, especially for studying the adverse effects of therapies and finding the best treatment strategies.
Sarcopenia is a syndrome primarily associated with aging, leading to the loss of functionality due to a progressive decrease in muscle mass. Sarcopenia is linked to an increased risk of mortality from all causes, and given the current trend of population aging, there is growing concern about finding a direct and effective treatment. Therefore, the objective of this work is to search for and analyze various studies and reviews aimed at investigating potential treatments, either for the present or the future. As a methodology, scientific articles were obtained through a literature review of some of the main scientific databases on the Internet, such as Google Scholar or PubMed. The analyzed articles present the results of the study of different current and future methods to combat sarcopenia, including protein consumption, strength training, supplementation, testosterone therapy, and gene therapy. Most of the research shows positive effects in preventing sarcopenia as a result of using these different options, although current methods do not seem entirely effective in treating the disease comprehensively. In conclusion, strength training is advocated as the best current tool for managing and preventing sarcopenia. However, pharmacological therapy and gene therapy appear to show greater potential as effective treatments, although further research is needed in all fields, especially for studying the adverse effects of therapies and finding the best treatment strategies.
Direction
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Tutorships)
CALO MATA, MARIA DEL PILAR (Tutorships)
Court
PEREIRA LORENZO, SANTIAGO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
CARBALLA ARCOS, MARTA (Member)
PEREIRA LORENZO, SANTIAGO (Chairman)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Secretary)
CARBALLA ARCOS, MARTA (Member)
Synthesis and characterization of clusteroluminiscent leucine zippers
Authorship
M.A.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
M.A.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:30
07.17.2024 16:30
Summary
Fluorescence microscopy has become a widely used tool to study cellular processes due to the development of encodable fluorescent proteins. The conventional fluorescence of these proteins originates from the presence of conjugated aromatic residues that show excitation and emission wavelengths in the ultraviolet range. In addition to this conventional fluorescence, innate fluorescence of proteins like GFP stands out. Numerous studies have described an anomalous emission known as clusteroluminescence. This phenomenon, initially observed in PAMAM (polyamidoamine) dendrimers and later in poly-L-lysine solutions and in amyloid-type fibrils, is characterized by emitting light without the need for conventional aromatic fluorophores. Clusteroluminescence, produced by fluorophores called clusteroluminogens, can be explained by various theories, with one of the most important involving electronic delocalization through electron-rich functional groups, such as amino, carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. To investigate this clusteroluminescence in vitro, a peptide with a specific sequence was synthesized, designed to form coiled-coil structures with potential clusteroluminescent properties. This was carried out using the Fmoc/tBu solid phase synthesis technique, followed by purification using reverse-phase liquid chromatography and characterization using mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography techniques. Finally, the transfection of a specific cell line with a plasmid that encodes the peptide of interest was carried out, with the aim of detecting fluorescence in biological systems. This will allow us to investigate how the peptide interacts with the cellular environment and study its fluorescent properties in a more relevant biological context.
Fluorescence microscopy has become a widely used tool to study cellular processes due to the development of encodable fluorescent proteins. The conventional fluorescence of these proteins originates from the presence of conjugated aromatic residues that show excitation and emission wavelengths in the ultraviolet range. In addition to this conventional fluorescence, innate fluorescence of proteins like GFP stands out. Numerous studies have described an anomalous emission known as clusteroluminescence. This phenomenon, initially observed in PAMAM (polyamidoamine) dendrimers and later in poly-L-lysine solutions and in amyloid-type fibrils, is characterized by emitting light without the need for conventional aromatic fluorophores. Clusteroluminescence, produced by fluorophores called clusteroluminogens, can be explained by various theories, with one of the most important involving electronic delocalization through electron-rich functional groups, such as amino, carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. To investigate this clusteroluminescence in vitro, a peptide with a specific sequence was synthesized, designed to form coiled-coil structures with potential clusteroluminescent properties. This was carried out using the Fmoc/tBu solid phase synthesis technique, followed by purification using reverse-phase liquid chromatography and characterization using mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography techniques. Finally, the transfection of a specific cell line with a plasmid that encodes the peptide of interest was carried out, with the aim of detecting fluorescence in biological systems. This will allow us to investigate how the peptide interacts with the cellular environment and study its fluorescent properties in a more relevant biological context.
Direction
VAZQUEZ SENTIS, MARCO EUGENIO (Tutorships)
LOPEZ BLANCO, ROI (Co-tutorships)
VAZQUEZ SENTIS, MARCO EUGENIO (Tutorships)
LOPEZ BLANCO, ROI (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
REGUEIRA LOPEZ, ALBERTE (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
REGUEIRA LOPEZ, ALBERTE (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Member)
Evaluation of the Use of Cyanobacteria to Curb the Spread of AMR in Water
Authorship
M.L.C.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
M.L.C.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:30
07.17.2024 16:30
Summary
The presence of so-called emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment, along with the inefficiency of conventional physicochemical elimination methods, has led the European Commission to draft a proposal to amend the Directive on wastewater treatment (2022/0345/COD). This proposal requires an 80% elimination rate for 13 emerging contaminants and the need to apply tertiary and quaternary treatments to achieve these rates. In this work, the bioremediation capacity of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) was studied as a sustainable alternative to conventional treatments. Specifically, six strains of the genus Nostoc were selected based on the characteristics of their exopolysaccharides due to their involvement in bioremediation processes. This study evaluated the sensitivity and elimination performance of 4 of the contaminants described in the directive (venlafaxine, irbesartan, clarithromycin, and amisulpride), as well as the antiviral activity of these microorganisms. The results showed no sensitivity to the compounds, except for the PCC6310 strain, and high levels of degradation. Specifically, the PCC7413 strain showed the best performance, reaching maximum values of 100% for venlafaxine and minimum values of 58% for irbesartan. Regarding antiviral activity, all strains except PCC6310 and PCC7416 demonstrated a logarithmic reduction of the viral load by 4. Additionally, viral inhibition was observed in the absence of cells, suggesting that this activity resides in some compound secreted into the medium, possibly exopolysaccharides. As we can see, cyanobacteria have properties that make them a promising alternative for wastewater treatment. However, to ensure efficient use, more studies are needed to evaluate their applicability at an industrial level, as well as tests with other cyanobacteria and contaminants.
The presence of so-called emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment, along with the inefficiency of conventional physicochemical elimination methods, has led the European Commission to draft a proposal to amend the Directive on wastewater treatment (2022/0345/COD). This proposal requires an 80% elimination rate for 13 emerging contaminants and the need to apply tertiary and quaternary treatments to achieve these rates. In this work, the bioremediation capacity of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) was studied as a sustainable alternative to conventional treatments. Specifically, six strains of the genus Nostoc were selected based on the characteristics of their exopolysaccharides due to their involvement in bioremediation processes. This study evaluated the sensitivity and elimination performance of 4 of the contaminants described in the directive (venlafaxine, irbesartan, clarithromycin, and amisulpride), as well as the antiviral activity of these microorganisms. The results showed no sensitivity to the compounds, except for the PCC6310 strain, and high levels of degradation. Specifically, the PCC7413 strain showed the best performance, reaching maximum values of 100% for venlafaxine and minimum values of 58% for irbesartan. Regarding antiviral activity, all strains except PCC6310 and PCC7416 demonstrated a logarithmic reduction of the viral load by 4. Additionally, viral inhibition was observed in the absence of cells, suggesting that this activity resides in some compound secreted into the medium, possibly exopolysaccharides. As we can see, cyanobacteria have properties that make them a promising alternative for wastewater treatment. However, to ensure efficient use, more studies are needed to evaluate their applicability at an industrial level, as well as tests with other cyanobacteria and contaminants.
Direction
ROMERO BERNARDEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Co-tutorships)
ROMERO BERNARDEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
REGUEIRA LOPEZ, ALBERTE (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
REGUEIRA LOPEZ, ALBERTE (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Member)
Study of the role of quorum signal receptor SdiA on virulence regulation in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authorship
P.M.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
P.M.F.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:30
07.17.2024 16:30
Summary
Quorum Sensing systems control the expression of bacterial virulence genes in multiple species. Finding out the mechanisms responsible for communication in Klebsiella pneumoniae would bring us closer to the identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of this high-risk pathogen. Previous studies described the existence of an N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone (AHL) receptor LuxR-like in K. pneumoniae, called SdiA, although its influence on virulence is unknown due to the lack of studies on the subject. In this study, the KLEB-33 strain of K. pneumoniae, hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant, was used to generate a sdiA mutant, characterize its virulence and elucidate the regulatory role of the receptor in the absence or presence of AHL signal. In general, it seems that SdiA exerts an effect on the phenotypes studied in K. pneumoniae KLEB-33, as it inhibits biofilm formation while its absence decreases resistance to human serum and phages. On the other hand, N-Hexanoyl-L-Homoserine Lactone (C6-HSL) was found to promote biofilm growth in the presence of SdiA. Even so, the evidence suggests that C6-HSL is not the main ligand of SdiA since most of the effects observed for SdiA and C6-HSL are independent, including the lack of effect of the addition of C6-HSL on phage resistance. C6-HSL was also found to potentiate serum resistance in the absence of SdiA. In addition, this higher resistance does not seem to be due to an increase in macroscopic capsule synthesis because it was found to remain constant regardless of the presence of SdiA or C6-HSL. Further characterization of the SdiA and C6-HSL pathways is required to clarify their role in regulating the virulence of K. pneumoniae.
Quorum Sensing systems control the expression of bacterial virulence genes in multiple species. Finding out the mechanisms responsible for communication in Klebsiella pneumoniae would bring us closer to the identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of this high-risk pathogen. Previous studies described the existence of an N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone (AHL) receptor LuxR-like in K. pneumoniae, called SdiA, although its influence on virulence is unknown due to the lack of studies on the subject. In this study, the KLEB-33 strain of K. pneumoniae, hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant, was used to generate a sdiA mutant, characterize its virulence and elucidate the regulatory role of the receptor in the absence or presence of AHL signal. In general, it seems that SdiA exerts an effect on the phenotypes studied in K. pneumoniae KLEB-33, as it inhibits biofilm formation while its absence decreases resistance to human serum and phages. On the other hand, N-Hexanoyl-L-Homoserine Lactone (C6-HSL) was found to promote biofilm growth in the presence of SdiA. Even so, the evidence suggests that C6-HSL is not the main ligand of SdiA since most of the effects observed for SdiA and C6-HSL are independent, including the lack of effect of the addition of C6-HSL on phage resistance. C6-HSL was also found to potentiate serum resistance in the absence of SdiA. In addition, this higher resistance does not seem to be due to an increase in macroscopic capsule synthesis because it was found to remain constant regardless of the presence of SdiA or C6-HSL. Further characterization of the SdiA and C6-HSL pathways is required to clarify their role in regulating the virulence of K. pneumoniae.
Direction
ROMERO BERNARDEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
SILVA BEA, SERGIO (Co-tutorships)
ROMERO BERNARDEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
SILVA BEA, SERGIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
REGUEIRA LOPEZ, ALBERTE (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
REGUEIRA LOPEZ, ALBERTE (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Member)
Study of the ability of activated sludge to form a biofilm capable of degrading polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with different levels of crystallinity.
Authorship
A.S.D.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
A.S.D.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:30
07.17.2024 16:30
Summary
Plastic is a major player in modern life due to its ideal properties and enormous versatility in use. The exponential increase in its use and production in recent years has given rise to a problem of global concern. Among plastics, microplastics (MP), plastic fragments smaller than 5 mm in size, stand out, a characteristic from which their ubiquity derives, as well as the possibility of bio-amplification through the trophic chain and the adsorption of other pollutants. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are a major source of PM. It is for this reason that WWTPs are hypothesised to be a possible source of plastic degrading microorganisms. The aim of this study is to study the degradation of high and low crystallinity polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by both the wastewater microbial community and individual bacteria isolated from this community. For this purpose, a biodisc, which is in continuous contact with sewage sludge, was used to promote the formation of a biofilm on these two types of PET. Subsequently, the bacteria forming the biofilm were isolated and identified by extraction of bacterial DNA and subsequent sequencing of the gene coding for 16S rRNA. Finally, PET degradation was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show different predominance of bacterial genera depending on the crystallinity of the PET, but in terms of degradation, FTIR did not reveal any degradation peaks.
Plastic is a major player in modern life due to its ideal properties and enormous versatility in use. The exponential increase in its use and production in recent years has given rise to a problem of global concern. Among plastics, microplastics (MP), plastic fragments smaller than 5 mm in size, stand out, a characteristic from which their ubiquity derives, as well as the possibility of bio-amplification through the trophic chain and the adsorption of other pollutants. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are a major source of PM. It is for this reason that WWTPs are hypothesised to be a possible source of plastic degrading microorganisms. The aim of this study is to study the degradation of high and low crystallinity polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by both the wastewater microbial community and individual bacteria isolated from this community. For this purpose, a biodisc, which is in continuous contact with sewage sludge, was used to promote the formation of a biofilm on these two types of PET. Subsequently, the bacteria forming the biofilm were isolated and identified by extraction of bacterial DNA and subsequent sequencing of the gene coding for 16S rRNA. Finally, PET degradation was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show different predominance of bacterial genera depending on the crystallinity of the PET, but in terms of degradation, FTIR did not reveal any degradation peaks.
Direction
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Tutorships)
Vijande Álvarez de Linera, Carlota (Co-tutorships)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Tutorships)
Vijande Álvarez de Linera, Carlota (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
REGUEIRA LOPEZ, ALBERTE (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
REGUEIRA LOPEZ, ALBERTE (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Member)
Role of Trim28 in myelin formation and regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system after traumatic injuries.
Authorship
A.A.T.
Bachelor of Biology
A.A.T.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 11:00
07.17.2024 11:00
Summary
The development of the peripheral nervous system is regulated by several proteins that modulate the differentiation of Schwann cells, from their origin as neural crest cell to mature Schwann cell that myelinate and nourishing the axon. In this last phase, the transcription factor Krox20 exerts strict control of myelination. Furthermore, in the peripheral nervous system the regenerative capacity after injury is controlled by cJun, a transcription factor that regulates dedifferentiation towards reparative Schwann cell, promoting axonal regeneration. The Trim28 protein modulate the expression of numerous genes by binding to the Kruppel-associated box repression domains. Trim28 is also critical in transcriptional elongation as it stabilizes RNA polymerase II pausing. In this study, our objective was to verify whether the absence of Trim28 causes any change in the morphology of peripheral nerves and if there are differences at the protein level in nerve regeneration after injury. For morphological studies, multiple electron microscopy images of the sciatic nerves of 2- and 12-day-old mice lacking the Trim28 gene have been analyzed. To check if there are effects on the activation of the repair program, Western blots of sciatic nerves have been performed 4 and 7 days after nerve injury. In the results obtained in both cases, no significant differences were observed. However, these results show patterns of change that could be due to alterations at other levels have yet to be studied, giving rise to several experiments that could reveal relevant information about the development of peripheral nervous tissue and the functions that Trim28 performs in it.
The development of the peripheral nervous system is regulated by several proteins that modulate the differentiation of Schwann cells, from their origin as neural crest cell to mature Schwann cell that myelinate and nourishing the axon. In this last phase, the transcription factor Krox20 exerts strict control of myelination. Furthermore, in the peripheral nervous system the regenerative capacity after injury is controlled by cJun, a transcription factor that regulates dedifferentiation towards reparative Schwann cell, promoting axonal regeneration. The Trim28 protein modulate the expression of numerous genes by binding to the Kruppel-associated box repression domains. Trim28 is also critical in transcriptional elongation as it stabilizes RNA polymerase II pausing. In this study, our objective was to verify whether the absence of Trim28 causes any change in the morphology of peripheral nerves and if there are differences at the protein level in nerve regeneration after injury. For morphological studies, multiple electron microscopy images of the sciatic nerves of 2- and 12-day-old mice lacking the Trim28 gene have been analyzed. To check if there are effects on the activation of the repair program, Western blots of sciatic nerves have been performed 4 and 7 days after nerve injury. In the results obtained in both cases, no significant differences were observed. However, these results show patterns of change that could be due to alterations at other levels have yet to be studied, giving rise to several experiments that could reveal relevant information about the development of peripheral nervous tissue and the functions that Trim28 performs in it.
Direction
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Tutorships)
VELASCO AVILES, SERGIO (Co-tutorships)
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Tutorships)
VELASCO AVILES, SERGIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Chairman)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Secretary)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Member)
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Chairman)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Secretary)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Member)
Role of obestatin/GPR39 system on mitochondrial homeostasis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Authorship
L.D.C.
Bachelor of Biology
L.D.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 11:00
07.17.2024 11:00
Summary
Introduction. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked lethal genetic disease, with no cure at present. Different studies relate this pathology to a mitochondrial dysfunction that worsens muscle weakness. In recent years, the Cellular Endocrinology group at IDIS has focused its efforts on the study of the obestatin/GPR39 system as a possible autocrine/paracrine target capable of improving the dystrophic phenotype, increasing strength and attenuating muscle exhaustion. Hypothesis: The fact that the obestatin/GPR39 system acts as an autocrine node regulator of activation/determination of myogenesis and skeletal muscle homeostasis, leads us to postulate its applicability to antagonize mechanisms associated with muscle wasting in DMD such as mitochondrial homeostasis. Objectives. The objectives are to determine the mitochondrial content associated with pathological evolution, to analyse the expression of the obestatin/GPR39 system and its repercussion on mitochondrial homeostasis in DMD and to test the improvements that the administration of obestatin may have on it. Thus, the efficacy of this system in attenuating dystrophic pathology will be studied. Methodology: Dystrophin-deficient mice (C57BL/10ScSnDmdmdx) and human myoblasts isolated from patients with DMD are used for: (1) histological analysis of mitochondrial content by immunofluorescence and measurement of the degree of preproghrelin/GPR39 expression in mouse skeletal muscle by immunoblot; (2) gene silencing of preproghrelin in myoblasts and analysis of mitochondrial homeostasis parameters by immunoblot and (3) study of local administration of obestatin on this homeostasis in mouse skeletal muscle by immunoblot. Results: Mitochondrial content decreases with the evolution of the pathology in mice, as does preproghrelin and, consequently, obestatin. In myoblasts, preproghrelin silencing was shown to inhibit mitochondrial homeostasis parameters and exogenous administration of obestatin increased the expression of regulatory proteins of this homeostasis. Obestatin is positioned as a potential therapeutic agent in DMD.
Introduction. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked lethal genetic disease, with no cure at present. Different studies relate this pathology to a mitochondrial dysfunction that worsens muscle weakness. In recent years, the Cellular Endocrinology group at IDIS has focused its efforts on the study of the obestatin/GPR39 system as a possible autocrine/paracrine target capable of improving the dystrophic phenotype, increasing strength and attenuating muscle exhaustion. Hypothesis: The fact that the obestatin/GPR39 system acts as an autocrine node regulator of activation/determination of myogenesis and skeletal muscle homeostasis, leads us to postulate its applicability to antagonize mechanisms associated with muscle wasting in DMD such as mitochondrial homeostasis. Objectives. The objectives are to determine the mitochondrial content associated with pathological evolution, to analyse the expression of the obestatin/GPR39 system and its repercussion on mitochondrial homeostasis in DMD and to test the improvements that the administration of obestatin may have on it. Thus, the efficacy of this system in attenuating dystrophic pathology will be studied. Methodology: Dystrophin-deficient mice (C57BL/10ScSnDmdmdx) and human myoblasts isolated from patients with DMD are used for: (1) histological analysis of mitochondrial content by immunofluorescence and measurement of the degree of preproghrelin/GPR39 expression in mouse skeletal muscle by immunoblot; (2) gene silencing of preproghrelin in myoblasts and analysis of mitochondrial homeostasis parameters by immunoblot and (3) study of local administration of obestatin on this homeostasis in mouse skeletal muscle by immunoblot. Results: Mitochondrial content decreases with the evolution of the pathology in mice, as does preproghrelin and, consequently, obestatin. In myoblasts, preproghrelin silencing was shown to inhibit mitochondrial homeostasis parameters and exogenous administration of obestatin increased the expression of regulatory proteins of this homeostasis. Obestatin is positioned as a potential therapeutic agent in DMD.
Direction
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Tutorships)
Perez Camiña, Jesús (Co-tutorships)
Santos Zas, Icía (Co-tutorships)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Tutorships)
Perez Camiña, Jesús (Co-tutorships)
Santos Zas, Icía (Co-tutorships)
Court
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Chairman)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Secretary)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Member)
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Chairman)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Secretary)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Member)
Toxicity analysis of human and synthetic beta-amyloid protein aggregates
Authorship
M.F.V.
Bachelor of Biology
M.F.V.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 11:00
07.17.2024 11:00
Summary
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by chronic cognitive impairment and is the leading cause of dementia in the world. The amyloid cascade hypothesis, which aims to explain the etiology of the disease, cosiders amyloid-beta protein's aggregation as the main responsible for the development of symptoms. This project focuses in analyzing the toxicity of aggregates previously obtained from pacients' brain samples using cell essays and fluorescence microscopy. Several objetives were determined, including the extraction and precipitation os human aggregates, the obtaining of fluorescence microscopy images of different aggregates and the determination of their toxicity, following a methodology that includes fosfotungstic acid precipitation and liposome-based cell transfection. Human amyloid-beta aggregates were obtained, and they induced aggregation in YFP-AB42-HEK-293T cells, which were observable by fluorescence microscopy.
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by chronic cognitive impairment and is the leading cause of dementia in the world. The amyloid cascade hypothesis, which aims to explain the etiology of the disease, cosiders amyloid-beta protein's aggregation as the main responsible for the development of symptoms. This project focuses in analyzing the toxicity of aggregates previously obtained from pacients' brain samples using cell essays and fluorescence microscopy. Several objetives were determined, including the extraction and precipitation os human aggregates, the obtaining of fluorescence microscopy images of different aggregates and the determination of their toxicity, following a methodology that includes fosfotungstic acid precipitation and liposome-based cell transfection. Human amyloid-beta aggregates were obtained, and they induced aggregation in YFP-AB42-HEK-293T cells, which were observable by fluorescence microscopy.
Direction
RUIZ RIQUELME, ALEJANDRO IVAN (Tutorships)
RUIZ RIQUELME, ALEJANDRO IVAN (Tutorships)
Court
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Chairman)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Secretary)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Member)
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Chairman)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Secretary)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Member)
Role of SIRT2 in the regulation of medullary neurogenesis.
Authorship
A.L.M.
Bachelor of Biology
A.L.M.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 11:00
07.17.2024 11:00
Summary
Neurogenesis is the process by which mature, functional neurons develop from progenitor cells. It is a complex process and many signaling pathways and components involved are still unknown. For this reason, the present study aims to investigate the possible role of the deacetylase protein Sirtuin2 in the neurogenesis of serotonergic neurons in the spinal cord of zebrafish (Danio rerio). To this end, two independent pharmacological treatments (Sirtuin2 inhibitors: AGK2 and SirReal2) were subjected to zebrafish larvae from 2 days post-fertilization to 4 days post-fertilization, a key period in the generation of medullary serotonergic neurons in zebrafish. In this way, we can test whether Sirtuin2 plays a role in the development of serotonergic cells by studying the changes in the number of neurons generated by inhibiting Sirtuin2. In 4-day post-fertilization larvae (control and treated), an anti-serotonin immunofluorescence protocol was performed to visualize in toto the medullary serotonergic neurons. Subsequently, serotonergic neurons from the caudal end of a total of 199 larvae were counted from photomicrographs taken with the Stellaris 8 confocal laser microscope (Leica Microsystems). Statistical analysis of the data obtained confirmed a significant reduction in the generation of serotonergic neurons in drug-treated larvae compared to control larvae (treated with dimethyl sulfoxide). Thus, Sirtuin2 promotes the generation of medullary serotonergic neurons during early development. Based on these results, the present study speculates on the possible role that Sirtuin2 might have during neurogenesis and considers different options in which it might be involved in signaling and regulatory pathways in both progenitor and differentiated cells.
Neurogenesis is the process by which mature, functional neurons develop from progenitor cells. It is a complex process and many signaling pathways and components involved are still unknown. For this reason, the present study aims to investigate the possible role of the deacetylase protein Sirtuin2 in the neurogenesis of serotonergic neurons in the spinal cord of zebrafish (Danio rerio). To this end, two independent pharmacological treatments (Sirtuin2 inhibitors: AGK2 and SirReal2) were subjected to zebrafish larvae from 2 days post-fertilization to 4 days post-fertilization, a key period in the generation of medullary serotonergic neurons in zebrafish. In this way, we can test whether Sirtuin2 plays a role in the development of serotonergic cells by studying the changes in the number of neurons generated by inhibiting Sirtuin2. In 4-day post-fertilization larvae (control and treated), an anti-serotonin immunofluorescence protocol was performed to visualize in toto the medullary serotonergic neurons. Subsequently, serotonergic neurons from the caudal end of a total of 199 larvae were counted from photomicrographs taken with the Stellaris 8 confocal laser microscope (Leica Microsystems). Statistical analysis of the data obtained confirmed a significant reduction in the generation of serotonergic neurons in drug-treated larvae compared to control larvae (treated with dimethyl sulfoxide). Thus, Sirtuin2 promotes the generation of medullary serotonergic neurons during early development. Based on these results, the present study speculates on the possible role that Sirtuin2 might have during neurogenesis and considers different options in which it might be involved in signaling and regulatory pathways in both progenitor and differentiated cells.
Direction
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ LLERA, LAURA (Co-tutorships)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ LLERA, LAURA (Co-tutorships)
Court
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Chairman)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Secretary)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Member)
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Chairman)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Secretary)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Member)
Analysis of genetic markers and inference of phenotypic characteristics for forensic purposes (forensic DNA phenotyping).
Authorship
S.M.E.
Bachelor of Biology
S.M.E.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 11:00
07.17.2024 11:00
Summary
In this work, a bibliographic review was carried out on Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP), which allows the inference of visible external characters and biogeographic ancestry through the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The main objective of this work is to investigate the use of FDP as a complementary technique in forensic identification. To do this, works published since 2000 have been searched in the Pubmed database and the search engines Google academic and IACOBUS. It has been discovered that in recent years massively parallel sequencing techniques have been developed, allowing simultaneous analysis of SNPs, which is highly useful in forensic genetics. In addition, the methodologies to carry out the prediction of visible external characteristics such as eye, skin and hair color and biogeographic ancestry are explained. Finally, a real case will be presented in which one of these methodologies has been used, the 11th march attacks of 2004 in Madrid and ethical implications will be approached briefly. It is concluded that thanks to recent advances in massively parallel sequencing techniques, the FDP could be of great importance in criminal investigations in the future.
In this work, a bibliographic review was carried out on Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP), which allows the inference of visible external characters and biogeographic ancestry through the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The main objective of this work is to investigate the use of FDP as a complementary technique in forensic identification. To do this, works published since 2000 have been searched in the Pubmed database and the search engines Google academic and IACOBUS. It has been discovered that in recent years massively parallel sequencing techniques have been developed, allowing simultaneous analysis of SNPs, which is highly useful in forensic genetics. In addition, the methodologies to carry out the prediction of visible external characteristics such as eye, skin and hair color and biogeographic ancestry are explained. Finally, a real case will be presented in which one of these methodologies has been used, the 11th march attacks of 2004 in Madrid and ethical implications will be approached briefly. It is concluded that thanks to recent advances in massively parallel sequencing techniques, the FDP could be of great importance in criminal investigations in the future.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Chairman)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Secretary)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Member)
GARCIA SUAREZ, CARLOS (Chairman)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Secretary)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Member)
The effect of gut microbiota in colon cancer development: prevention and treatment using probiotics
Authorship
A.C.A.
Bachelor of Biology
A.C.A.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world, and the second cause of mortality in both men and women. Among the risk factors we can find diet, smoking or the role that certain gut microbiota bacteria can play in carcinogenesis. This bibliographic review will focus in the role that gut microbiota can play in the development of colon cancer and its possible treatment. The different bacterial species with the potential to develop carcinogenesis in the colon will be analyzed, as well as other species that suppress this malignant development. On the other hand, we will collect the results of numerous studies that demonstrate the potential treatment of colorectal cancer using probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics, since although they may carry a certain risk, they have been postulated as a good option for the treatment and prevention of this disease. Finally, we will mention various studies that propose the use of fecal microbiota transplantation, which is currently used to treat Clostridioides difficile infections, for the treatment of colorectal cancer, although the various risks that it may entail will also be explained.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world, and the second cause of mortality in both men and women. Among the risk factors we can find diet, smoking or the role that certain gut microbiota bacteria can play in carcinogenesis. This bibliographic review will focus in the role that gut microbiota can play in the development of colon cancer and its possible treatment. The different bacterial species with the potential to develop carcinogenesis in the colon will be analyzed, as well as other species that suppress this malignant development. On the other hand, we will collect the results of numerous studies that demonstrate the potential treatment of colorectal cancer using probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics, since although they may carry a certain risk, they have been postulated as a good option for the treatment and prevention of this disease. Finally, we will mention various studies that propose the use of fecal microbiota transplantation, which is currently used to treat Clostridioides difficile infections, for the treatment of colorectal cancer, although the various risks that it may entail will also be explained.
Direction
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
Court
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Secretary)
FEIJOO JUARROS, SERGIO (Member)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Secretary)
FEIJOO JUARROS, SERGIO (Member)
Experimental evidences of the influence of the gut microbiota on Alzheimer’s disease
Authorship
E.C.G.
Bachelor of Biology
E.C.G.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
It has been shown that gut microbiota and neurological functioning are more connected than we thought until recently via gut-brain axis. Through neuronal, endocrine and immune mediators, gut microbial communities’ composition and activity affect neurological processes, within which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) could be included. In this paper there will be a bibliographic analysis about the actual evidences between gut microbiota diversity and the development of this neurodegenerative disease. It will be included, moreover, a resume of accessible data to explain the basic markers linked to AD, as well as potential factors that can lead to and alleviate this disease, such as diet, exercise and probiotics. AD patients are characterized by showing pathological phenomena as chronic neuronal inflammation, accumulation of beta-amyloid protein on cerebral tissue and hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, and they display changes in their gut microbiota in comparison with healthy individuals when it comes to contrast experimental outcomes. As a result, it is concluded that dysbiosis state can result a turning point on this neuropathology. The knowledge of this bidirectional gut-brain axis enables the development of strategies and treatments (for instance, fecal microbiota transplantation, FMT) in order to alleviate and, at best, block the progression of AD and many others which persist globally to this day with high incidence.
It has been shown that gut microbiota and neurological functioning are more connected than we thought until recently via gut-brain axis. Through neuronal, endocrine and immune mediators, gut microbial communities’ composition and activity affect neurological processes, within which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) could be included. In this paper there will be a bibliographic analysis about the actual evidences between gut microbiota diversity and the development of this neurodegenerative disease. It will be included, moreover, a resume of accessible data to explain the basic markers linked to AD, as well as potential factors that can lead to and alleviate this disease, such as diet, exercise and probiotics. AD patients are characterized by showing pathological phenomena as chronic neuronal inflammation, accumulation of beta-amyloid protein on cerebral tissue and hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, and they display changes in their gut microbiota in comparison with healthy individuals when it comes to contrast experimental outcomes. As a result, it is concluded that dysbiosis state can result a turning point on this neuropathology. The knowledge of this bidirectional gut-brain axis enables the development of strategies and treatments (for instance, fecal microbiota transplantation, FMT) in order to alleviate and, at best, block the progression of AD and many others which persist globally to this day with high incidence.
Direction
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
Court
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Secretary)
FEIJOO JUARROS, SERGIO (Member)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
GARCIA FANDIÑO, REBECA (Secretary)
FEIJOO JUARROS, SERGIO (Member)
Impact of anthropogenic activity on animal evolution: unnatural selection
Authorship
R.A.C.A.
Bachelor of Biology
R.A.C.A.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 16:00
07.18.2024 16:00
Summary
The unnatural selection refer to a type of selection of anthropogenic origin carried out unintentionally, generally opposite to another type of selection exerted by human such as the artificial selection of traits of productive interest. In this revision work on articles from the last 5 years, with the recent aplications of genetics in conservative biology, we have focused on this selection and on climate change to reinforce the idea that they are forces capable of altering the evolution of species. In response we have not only obtained that, yes they are capables of altering population genetics, but also they do it in varied, profound and complex ways, besides they are capable of interacting with each other. In this way the genetic analysis will be essential in the conservation of species in the Anthropocene.
The unnatural selection refer to a type of selection of anthropogenic origin carried out unintentionally, generally opposite to another type of selection exerted by human such as the artificial selection of traits of productive interest. In this revision work on articles from the last 5 years, with the recent aplications of genetics in conservative biology, we have focused on this selection and on climate change to reinforce the idea that they are forces capable of altering the evolution of species. In response we have not only obtained that, yes they are capables of altering population genetics, but also they do it in varied, profound and complex ways, besides they are capable of interacting with each other. In this way the genetic analysis will be essential in the conservation of species in the Anthropocene.
Direction
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Tutorships)
VILAS PETEIRO, ROMAN (Tutorships)
Court
BLAZQUEZ CAEIRO, JOSE LUIS (Chairman)
BARCA MAYO, OLGA (Secretary)
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Member)
BLAZQUEZ CAEIRO, JOSE LUIS (Chairman)
BARCA MAYO, OLGA (Secretary)
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Member)
Identification and validation of new synthetic lethalities applicable to personalized medicine for head and neck tumors
Authorship
M.S.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
M.S.P.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 16:30
07.17.2024 16:30
Summary
Head and neck cancers (HNC) reached the third most prevalent malignant tumor types worldwide in 2020. Within these, the subtype with the highest prevalence is head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). These can be further divided into those positive and those negative for human papillomavirus (HPV). Although HNSCCs can be treated with surgery, chemo and/or radiotherapy, as the disease is usually detected at an advanced stage, cases of metastasis or recurrence with drug resistance are common. Due to this and the adverse effects that patients usually experience, it is necessary to adopt new therapeutic strategies framed in precision oncology, one of the most promising being synthetic lethality. In order to facilitate such development, the feasibility of creating a computational methodology capable of proposing new synthetic lethal interactions, with relevance specifically for HNSCC, was postulated. Therefore, the following objectives were set: the design of a flexible workflow, so that it could be used with other types of cancer; the identification of such synthetic lethal (SL) pairs useful for the treatment of HNSCC; and, the evaluation of the biological relevance of such targets. The resulting methodology I developed employed the DAISY algorithm for prediction and the blitzGSEA and STRING tools for candidate filtering, as well as complementary software programmed ex profeso. As result, 45 candidate SL pairs were obtained (9 of their genes supported by bibliographic evidence) and 44 drugs (11 of them approved in the United States) effective against part of their genes. However, future experimental studies are needed to confirm their clinical relevance for treating HNSCC.
Head and neck cancers (HNC) reached the third most prevalent malignant tumor types worldwide in 2020. Within these, the subtype with the highest prevalence is head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). These can be further divided into those positive and those negative for human papillomavirus (HPV). Although HNSCCs can be treated with surgery, chemo and/or radiotherapy, as the disease is usually detected at an advanced stage, cases of metastasis or recurrence with drug resistance are common. Due to this and the adverse effects that patients usually experience, it is necessary to adopt new therapeutic strategies framed in precision oncology, one of the most promising being synthetic lethality. In order to facilitate such development, the feasibility of creating a computational methodology capable of proposing new synthetic lethal interactions, with relevance specifically for HNSCC, was postulated. Therefore, the following objectives were set: the design of a flexible workflow, so that it could be used with other types of cancer; the identification of such synthetic lethal (SL) pairs useful for the treatment of HNSCC; and, the evaluation of the biological relevance of such targets. The resulting methodology I developed employed the DAISY algorithm for prediction and the blitzGSEA and STRING tools for candidate filtering, as well as complementary software programmed ex profeso. As result, 45 candidate SL pairs were obtained (9 of their genes supported by bibliographic evidence) and 44 drugs (11 of them approved in the United States) effective against part of their genes. However, future experimental studies are needed to confirm their clinical relevance for treating HNSCC.
Direction
Gómez Tato, Antonio M. (Tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ MEDINA, EDUARDO (Co-tutorships)
Gómez Tato, Antonio M. (Tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ MEDINA, EDUARDO (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
REGUEIRA LOPEZ, ALBERTE (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
REGUEIRA LOPEZ, ALBERTE (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Member)
Design and In Silico Validation of a Bispecific Antibody for the Prevention of Vertical HIV-1 Transmission During Gestation
Authorship
E.R.D.S.O.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
E.R.D.S.O.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
Vertical transmission of HIV aects thousands of newborns annually, representing a significant challenge for global public health. In 2022, approximately 130,000 new infections occurred in children due to vertical transmission of HIV, despite prevention eorts. This work proposes the design and in silico testing of a bispecific antibody capable of blocking HIV entry into placental cells by binding to both the viral glycoprotein gp120 and the coreceptor CXCR4, which the virus uses for celular invasion. Using advanced bioinformatics tools such as Rosetta, PyMOL, and HADDOCK 2.4, 3D models of the antibody and its interactions with the target antigens were generated and analyzed. Modifications were implemented in the Fc region of the antibody to enhance its therapeutic properties, including increased half-life and reduced eector functions, essential for its safe use during pregnancy. In silico studies revealed that the designed antibody was able to recognize the critical regions of the antigens involved in vertical HIV transmission. The modifications made to the antibody not only improved its stability and half-life, facilitating its potential therapeutic application, but also ensured icient and cost-eective production. Promising in silico results suggest that this bispecific antibody could be a valuable tool to reduce vertical transmission rates of HIV-1, which currently range from 1% to 3.9% in women receiving antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. This innovative strategy oers new hope in the fight against HIV, with the potential to protect the fetus from infection during gestation. Continued studies are crucial to validate the antibody's eicacy in more advanced experimental models, aiming to advance towards the eradication of HIV through novel and eective therapeutic approaches. This study represents the first step in developing a biopharmaceutical
Vertical transmission of HIV aects thousands of newborns annually, representing a significant challenge for global public health. In 2022, approximately 130,000 new infections occurred in children due to vertical transmission of HIV, despite prevention eorts. This work proposes the design and in silico testing of a bispecific antibody capable of blocking HIV entry into placental cells by binding to both the viral glycoprotein gp120 and the coreceptor CXCR4, which the virus uses for celular invasion. Using advanced bioinformatics tools such as Rosetta, PyMOL, and HADDOCK 2.4, 3D models of the antibody and its interactions with the target antigens were generated and analyzed. Modifications were implemented in the Fc region of the antibody to enhance its therapeutic properties, including increased half-life and reduced eector functions, essential for its safe use during pregnancy. In silico studies revealed that the designed antibody was able to recognize the critical regions of the antigens involved in vertical HIV transmission. The modifications made to the antibody not only improved its stability and half-life, facilitating its potential therapeutic application, but also ensured icient and cost-eective production. Promising in silico results suggest that this bispecific antibody could be a valuable tool to reduce vertical transmission rates of HIV-1, which currently range from 1% to 3.9% in women receiving antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. This innovative strategy oers new hope in the fight against HIV, with the potential to protect the fetus from infection during gestation. Continued studies are crucial to validate the antibody's eicacy in more advanced experimental models, aiming to advance towards the eradication of HIV through novel and eective therapeutic approaches. This study represents the first step in developing a biopharmaceutical
Direction
MARTINEZ COSTAS, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Manieri Tania, Maria (Co-tutorships)
MARTINEZ COSTAS, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Manieri Tania, Maria (Co-tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ SENTIS, MARCO EUGENIO (Chairman)
SAMPEDRO JIMÉNEZ, JAVIER (Secretary)
VIDAL TATO, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ SENTIS, MARCO EUGENIO (Chairman)
SAMPEDRO JIMÉNEZ, JAVIER (Secretary)
VIDAL TATO, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
Extraction and analytical characterisation of bioactive compounds in chestnut
Authorship
L.A.C.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
L.A.C.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Chestnuts have traditionally been used for both human and animal consumption due to their nutritional properties. However, during the peeling process, abundant by-products are generated, which are often discarded or used as fuel, leading to environmental problems. Nonetheless, these by-products are rich in bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and vitamin E, which offer health benefits, presenting an alternative for revalorization. This work focuses on a literature review to identify the main bioactive compounds present in chestnut by-products, as well as the most relevant extraction techniques and their possible applications. To obtain these compounds of interest, appropriate extraction techniques are required, with modern, more environmentally friendly techniques standing out, such as subcritical water extraction (SWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical CO2 extraction (SC-CO2), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Additionally, studies have reported not only antioxidant and antibacterial activities of these compounds but also neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities. Due to these properties, chestnut by-products offer a range of possible applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Chestnuts have traditionally been used for both human and animal consumption due to their nutritional properties. However, during the peeling process, abundant by-products are generated, which are often discarded or used as fuel, leading to environmental problems. Nonetheless, these by-products are rich in bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and vitamin E, which offer health benefits, presenting an alternative for revalorization. This work focuses on a literature review to identify the main bioactive compounds present in chestnut by-products, as well as the most relevant extraction techniques and their possible applications. To obtain these compounds of interest, appropriate extraction techniques are required, with modern, more environmentally friendly techniques standing out, such as subcritical water extraction (SWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical CO2 extraction (SC-CO2), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Additionally, studies have reported not only antioxidant and antibacterial activities of these compounds but also neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities. Due to these properties, chestnut by-products offer a range of possible applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Direction
LORES AGUIN, MARTA (Tutorships)
GARCIA JARES, CARMEN MARIA (Co-tutorships)
LORES AGUIN, MARTA (Tutorships)
GARCIA JARES, CARMEN MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MOREIRA VILAR, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Secretary)
FREIRE IRIBARNE, FELIX MANUEL (Member)
MOREIRA VILAR, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Secretary)
FREIRE IRIBARNE, FELIX MANUEL (Member)
Design of a preclinical organoid model of the epicardium to study the modulation of proinflammatory adipogenesis in patients with cardiovascular pathology
Authorship
A.C.B.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
A.C.B.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Obesity is associated with an increased accumulation of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), which promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases. EAT is the fat located in the subepicardial region of the heart, with no biological barriers separating it from the myocardium. To study the cardiovascular pathophysiological mechanisms and therapies targeting EAT, in vivo and in vitro cellular preclinical models that mimic the biological processes of the tissue are required. Our objective was to design preclinical organoid models derived from EAT mesenchymal cells from patients with cardiovascular pathology. To achieve this, different types of extracellular matrices (ECM) based on agarose, matrigel, and collagen hydrogels were used. Mesenchymal cells from EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of patients undergoing cardiac surgery were utilized. Direct and indirect (subcultures) cultures of the cells isolated from tissues and explants were performed and monitored daily through inverted optical microscopy, fluorescence, and/or multiphoton microscopy. Specific immunofluorescence staining and functional assays, such as glucose uptake, angiogenesis, and adipogenesis, were conducted to study the viability and functionality of the organoids and adipose tissue explants. The results showed that agarose did not maintain cell viability, while matrigel allowed the formation of viable spheroid structures with adipocytes and other cell types. The matrigel organoid demonstrated proper insulin-dependent glucose uptake, vascular network formation, and significant adipogenesis. Collagen matrices formed intermediate structures between 2D and 3D, promoting adipogenesis. This study highlights the importance of appropriately selecting the ECM for the development of preclinical adipose organoid models. Spheroid cultures could have great potential for studying metabolic diseases associated with cardiovascular pathology, developing regenerative therapies, and drug testing, significantly contributing to biomedical research and personalized medicine.
Obesity is associated with an increased accumulation of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), which promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases. EAT is the fat located in the subepicardial region of the heart, with no biological barriers separating it from the myocardium. To study the cardiovascular pathophysiological mechanisms and therapies targeting EAT, in vivo and in vitro cellular preclinical models that mimic the biological processes of the tissue are required. Our objective was to design preclinical organoid models derived from EAT mesenchymal cells from patients with cardiovascular pathology. To achieve this, different types of extracellular matrices (ECM) based on agarose, matrigel, and collagen hydrogels were used. Mesenchymal cells from EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of patients undergoing cardiac surgery were utilized. Direct and indirect (subcultures) cultures of the cells isolated from tissues and explants were performed and monitored daily through inverted optical microscopy, fluorescence, and/or multiphoton microscopy. Specific immunofluorescence staining and functional assays, such as glucose uptake, angiogenesis, and adipogenesis, were conducted to study the viability and functionality of the organoids and adipose tissue explants. The results showed that agarose did not maintain cell viability, while matrigel allowed the formation of viable spheroid structures with adipocytes and other cell types. The matrigel organoid demonstrated proper insulin-dependent glucose uptake, vascular network formation, and significant adipogenesis. Collagen matrices formed intermediate structures between 2D and 3D, promoting adipogenesis. This study highlights the importance of appropriately selecting the ECM for the development of preclinical adipose organoid models. Spheroid cultures could have great potential for studying metabolic diseases associated with cardiovascular pathology, developing regenerative therapies, and drug testing, significantly contributing to biomedical research and personalized medicine.
Direction
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Eiras Penas, Sonia (Co-tutorships)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Eiras Penas, Sonia (Co-tutorships)
Court
MOREIRA VILAR, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Secretary)
FREIRE IRIBARNE, FELIX MANUEL (Member)
MOREIRA VILAR, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Secretary)
FREIRE IRIBARNE, FELIX MANUEL (Member)
Advances in cardiac regenerative medicine
Authorship
L.F.B.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
L.F.B.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
The large number of heart diseases, such as myocardial infarction, are one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries. Apart from this, it should be noted that the heart is one of the organs of the human body with the least capacity for regeneration. This is the main reason why the development of new techniques for cardiac regeneration is required. Recently, there have been relevant advances in the fields of cell therapies (stem cells: induced pluripotent, embryonic or progenitor) and tissue bioengineering (hydrogels and decellularized scaffolds). This work describes these strategies: their classifications, how they are manufactured, the advantages and disadvantages of the different systems; and their progress in preclinical and clinical trials is compiled. Currently, this field of study is still very recent, gaining popularity in the last decade, and requires more time to be integrated into everyday medical practice, with few exceptions, such as certain hydrogels (CorMatrix/VentriGel, in the United States).
The large number of heart diseases, such as myocardial infarction, are one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries. Apart from this, it should be noted that the heart is one of the organs of the human body with the least capacity for regeneration. This is the main reason why the development of new techniques for cardiac regeneration is required. Recently, there have been relevant advances in the fields of cell therapies (stem cells: induced pluripotent, embryonic or progenitor) and tissue bioengineering (hydrogels and decellularized scaffolds). This work describes these strategies: their classifications, how they are manufactured, the advantages and disadvantages of the different systems; and their progress in preclinical and clinical trials is compiled. Currently, this field of study is still very recent, gaining popularity in the last decade, and requires more time to be integrated into everyday medical practice, with few exceptions, such as certain hydrogels (CorMatrix/VentriGel, in the United States).
Direction
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Tutorships)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
MOREIRA VILAR, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Secretary)
FREIRE IRIBARNE, FELIX MANUEL (Member)
MOREIRA VILAR, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Secretary)
FREIRE IRIBARNE, FELIX MANUEL (Member)
Preparation of recombinant vaccine of the capsid protein of serotypes RGNNV and SJNNV from betanodavirus (NNV) using IC-Tagging technology.
Authorship
B.A.G.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
B.A.G.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) is one of the main infectious diseases worldwide in the aquaculture environment, affecting more than 50 species with high lethality in early stages. Epidemiological data of the causative agent of VER, the nervous necrosis virus (NNV), show a marked prevalence of serotypes A and C in fish farms in Spain and the Mediterranean. There are only two vaccination options approved in Europe against NNV, applicable to sea bass and offering protection against serotype C; Therefore, it is necessary to achieve an effective and viable NNV vaccination strategy to prevent economic losses in the sector, and IC-Tagging technology is an excellent solution. IC-Tagging technology allows the “in cellulo” encapsulation of proteins in nanospheres (NS) composed of proteins tagged with the IC motif and the muNS-Mi protein (truncated version of the muNS protein of the avian reovirus). The main objective of this final degree project is to produce a bivalent vaccine candidate for NNV serotypes A and C using this technology. The main objective was achieved by designing a fusion protein composed of the P domain of the capsid proteins of said serotypes linked by the IC motif, called NNVAg. The NNVAg protein was correctly co-expressed with the muNS-Mi protein to obtain NS using the IC-Tagging system protocol. The composition, properties, as well as the immuno-reactivity against antibodies of both serotypes of the NS produced under different culture conditions were evaluated to choose the two candidates with the best results. The two vaccine candidates were produced on a larger scale both to carry out analogous trials checking reproducibility, and to obtain enough NS to carry out animal trials, as a next step.
Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) is one of the main infectious diseases worldwide in the aquaculture environment, affecting more than 50 species with high lethality in early stages. Epidemiological data of the causative agent of VER, the nervous necrosis virus (NNV), show a marked prevalence of serotypes A and C in fish farms in Spain and the Mediterranean. There are only two vaccination options approved in Europe against NNV, applicable to sea bass and offering protection against serotype C; Therefore, it is necessary to achieve an effective and viable NNV vaccination strategy to prevent economic losses in the sector, and IC-Tagging technology is an excellent solution. IC-Tagging technology allows the “in cellulo” encapsulation of proteins in nanospheres (NS) composed of proteins tagged with the IC motif and the muNS-Mi protein (truncated version of the muNS protein of the avian reovirus). The main objective of this final degree project is to produce a bivalent vaccine candidate for NNV serotypes A and C using this technology. The main objective was achieved by designing a fusion protein composed of the P domain of the capsid proteins of said serotypes linked by the IC motif, called NNVAg. The NNVAg protein was correctly co-expressed with the muNS-Mi protein to obtain NS using the IC-Tagging system protocol. The composition, properties, as well as the immuno-reactivity against antibodies of both serotypes of the NS produced under different culture conditions were evaluated to choose the two candidates with the best results. The two vaccine candidates were produced on a larger scale both to carry out analogous trials checking reproducibility, and to obtain enough NS to carry out animal trials, as a next step.
Direction
MARTINEZ COSTAS, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
BARREIRO PIÑEIRO, NATALIA (Co-tutorships)
MARTINEZ COSTAS, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
BARREIRO PIÑEIRO, NATALIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MOREIRA VILAR, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Secretary)
FREIRE IRIBARNE, FELIX MANUEL (Member)
MOREIRA VILAR, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Secretary)
FREIRE IRIBARNE, FELIX MANUEL (Member)
Induction of cellular senescence in breast cancer using chemotherapeutic agents
Authorship
L.V.V.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
L.V.V.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Cellular senescence is a stable state of growth arrest induced by various stressors and in which cells are unable to proliferate. This phenomenon is characterised by a growth stop in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, so it is a key process in the interruption of uncontrolled cell proliferation, characteristic of cancer. Inducing senescence in cancer cells could stop their indefinite division, protecting the body from cancer. In this work, we set out to study the induction of senescence by chemotherapy in human breast cancer cell lines, the most commonly diagnosed neoplasia in women. To do this, we used two chemotherapy drugs, palbociclib and abemaciclib, inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, currently used as chemotherapy in patients. By creating an in vitro system of responsive (senescent) and non-responsive cell lines, we have characterised the induction of senescence using different techniques. Our results indicate that both drugs are effective in stopping the uncontrolled growth of tumour cells. However, two cell lines with mutations frequently found in humans, which develop resistance to chemotherapy, have been studied. In addition, it has been seen that abemaciclib could have greater efficacy than palbociclib, as indicated by the latest published clinical trials. The results obtained could contribute to the study of breast cancer and the development of new effective therapies against this disease.
Cellular senescence is a stable state of growth arrest induced by various stressors and in which cells are unable to proliferate. This phenomenon is characterised by a growth stop in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, so it is a key process in the interruption of uncontrolled cell proliferation, characteristic of cancer. Inducing senescence in cancer cells could stop their indefinite division, protecting the body from cancer. In this work, we set out to study the induction of senescence by chemotherapy in human breast cancer cell lines, the most commonly diagnosed neoplasia in women. To do this, we used two chemotherapy drugs, palbociclib and abemaciclib, inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, currently used as chemotherapy in patients. By creating an in vitro system of responsive (senescent) and non-responsive cell lines, we have characterised the induction of senescence using different techniques. Our results indicate that both drugs are effective in stopping the uncontrolled growth of tumour cells. However, two cell lines with mutations frequently found in humans, which develop resistance to chemotherapy, have been studied. In addition, it has been seen that abemaciclib could have greater efficacy than palbociclib, as indicated by the latest published clinical trials. The results obtained could contribute to the study of breast cancer and the development of new effective therapies against this disease.
Direction
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Collado Rodríguez, Manuel (Co-tutorships)
DA SILVA ALVAREZ, SABELA (Co-tutorships)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Collado Rodríguez, Manuel (Co-tutorships)
DA SILVA ALVAREZ, SABELA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MOREIRA VILAR, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Secretary)
FREIRE IRIBARNE, FELIX MANUEL (Member)
MOREIRA VILAR, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Secretary)
FREIRE IRIBARNE, FELIX MANUEL (Member)
Betanodavirus and climate change: analysis of genome segments reassortment in temperature adaptation
Authorship
M.G.S.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
M.G.S.
Bachelor in Biotechnology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV), genus Betanodavirus, is the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis, a disease that affects numerous fish species worldwide. The genome of this virus is segmented into two single-stranded positive strands, RNA1 encoding the viral polymerase and RNA2 encoding the capsid protein. Betanodaviruses have been classified into four distinct genotypes, barfin flounder, tiger puffer, striped jack and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV, TPNNV, SJNNV and RGNNV, respectively); moreover, they are known to be able to rearrange their genomic segments, and reassortant RGNNV/SJNNNV and SJNNV/RGNNV strains have been identified. The four genotypes show different sensitivity to water temperature, a parameter that does not remain invariable, but is influenced by different factors, including global warming due to climate change. In this work, we have studied whether temperature has a significant effect on the recombination of genomic segments of RGNNV and SJNNNV genotypes. For this study, viruses of both genotypes were co-infected at 20 and 30 ºC, the resulting progeny were cloned and analysed by quantitative PCR and droplet digital PCR techniques. The results showed that the temperature of 20 ºC favours the production of ARN1 of the SJNNV genotype and exerts a significant effect on the formation of SJNNV/RGNNV reassortants. In contrast, the temperature of 30 ºC significantly favours the replication of RGNNV/RGNNV viruses, but the formation of SJNNV/RGNNV reassortants is possible, suggesting the existence of modifications in the SJNNV RNA1 sequence that allow its replication at this temperature.
Viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV), genus Betanodavirus, is the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis, a disease that affects numerous fish species worldwide. The genome of this virus is segmented into two single-stranded positive strands, RNA1 encoding the viral polymerase and RNA2 encoding the capsid protein. Betanodaviruses have been classified into four distinct genotypes, barfin flounder, tiger puffer, striped jack and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV, TPNNV, SJNNV and RGNNV, respectively); moreover, they are known to be able to rearrange their genomic segments, and reassortant RGNNV/SJNNNV and SJNNV/RGNNV strains have been identified. The four genotypes show different sensitivity to water temperature, a parameter that does not remain invariable, but is influenced by different factors, including global warming due to climate change. In this work, we have studied whether temperature has a significant effect on the recombination of genomic segments of RGNNV and SJNNNV genotypes. For this study, viruses of both genotypes were co-infected at 20 and 30 ºC, the resulting progeny were cloned and analysed by quantitative PCR and droplet digital PCR techniques. The results showed that the temperature of 20 ºC favours the production of ARN1 of the SJNNV genotype and exerts a significant effect on the formation of SJNNV/RGNNV reassortants. In contrast, the temperature of 30 ºC significantly favours the replication of RGNNV/RGNNV viruses, but the formation of SJNNV/RGNNV reassortants is possible, suggesting the existence of modifications in the SJNNV RNA1 sequence that allow its replication at this temperature.
Direction
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Tutorships)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Tutorships)
Court
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Member)
OTERO CASAL, ANA MARIA (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Member)
Effects and treatment of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in children from impoverished communities
Authorship
J.C.C.
Bachelor of Biology
J.C.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
In this paper, small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is treated, specifically the pediatric SIBO in developing countries, with the hypothesis that this pathology would be involved in such serious problems as malnutrition, stunting and/or neurodevelopment and exposing the great need for study required in this context. A search for scientific articles was carried out in PubMed and Scopus databases. According to the literature analyzed, in these impoverished conditions the prevalence of SIBO is very high, we found studies that not only confirmed the hypothesis previously proposed, but we also observed a pathology that crosses even more borders, being related to a large number of diseases and risk factors, which are enhanced in the paediatric population. We found that, despite all this, ignorance and heterogeneity are very large, with no standardized methodologies for diagnosis or treatment of SIBO. For this reason, this work emphasizes the magnitude of this syndrome, which must be studied more thoroughly in order to offer the best opportunities for healing to patients suffering from it.
In this paper, small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is treated, specifically the pediatric SIBO in developing countries, with the hypothesis that this pathology would be involved in such serious problems as malnutrition, stunting and/or neurodevelopment and exposing the great need for study required in this context. A search for scientific articles was carried out in PubMed and Scopus databases. According to the literature analyzed, in these impoverished conditions the prevalence of SIBO is very high, we found studies that not only confirmed the hypothesis previously proposed, but we also observed a pathology that crosses even more borders, being related to a large number of diseases and risk factors, which are enhanced in the paediatric population. We found that, despite all this, ignorance and heterogeneity are very large, with no standardized methodologies for diagnosis or treatment of SIBO. For this reason, this work emphasizes the magnitude of this syndrome, which must be studied more thoroughly in order to offer the best opportunities for healing to patients suffering from it.
Direction
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
Court
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
Factors associated with the progression of pancreatic cancer.
Authorship
E.L.R.
Bachelor of Biology
E.L.R.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
During the last decades, pancreatic cancer has significantly increased its incidence in the population. Studies on its diagnosis and treatment have also grown, although substantial advances beyond some associations with factors linked to pancreatic cancer progression and specific molecular markers have not been achieved. Such factors can provide evidence to better understand the disease and aid in preventing deaths through early diagnosis. This study compiled information and conducted statistical analysis based on screening at the Pancreatic Cancer Unit of the Digestive System Service of the University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela on populations at high risk for pancreatic cancer. A variety of associated factors were analyzed to determine their relationships and diagnostic feasibility for pancreatic cancer. The results, largely inconclusive, show known associations with pancreatic steatosis, contradictions in the existing literature regarding gender effects, indications of new inverse relationships between alcohol and the expression of certain proto-oncogenes, and potential associations with metabolic-vitamin supplements.
During the last decades, pancreatic cancer has significantly increased its incidence in the population. Studies on its diagnosis and treatment have also grown, although substantial advances beyond some associations with factors linked to pancreatic cancer progression and specific molecular markers have not been achieved. Such factors can provide evidence to better understand the disease and aid in preventing deaths through early diagnosis. This study compiled information and conducted statistical analysis based on screening at the Pancreatic Cancer Unit of the Digestive System Service of the University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela on populations at high risk for pancreatic cancer. A variety of associated factors were analyzed to determine their relationships and diagnostic feasibility for pancreatic cancer. The results, largely inconclusive, show known associations with pancreatic steatosis, contradictions in the existing literature regarding gender effects, indications of new inverse relationships between alcohol and the expression of certain proto-oncogenes, and potential associations with metabolic-vitamin supplements.
Direction
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Tutorships)
PAZOS RANDULFE, YOLANDA (Co-tutorships)
Leal López, Saúl (Co-tutorships)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Tutorships)
PAZOS RANDULFE, YOLANDA (Co-tutorships)
Leal López, Saúl (Co-tutorships)
Court
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
Antiviral Activity of Cyanobacteria Extracts Against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV)
Authorship
E.S.C.
Bachelor of Biology
E.S.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
Viral diseases pose a serious threat to aquaculture, causing significant economic losses. Due to the limited efficacy and associated risks of current drugs, it is urgent to develop alternatives that are safe for both fish and the environment. Natural substances obtained from plants, algae, and cyanobacteria have been a source of compounds with antiviral activity for decades. This study evaluated the inhibitory capacity of cyanobacteria extracts against the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). The effect of three fractions (I, Ib, and I3) obtained from the cyanobacterium Sphaerospermopsis sp. was investigated on the adsorption and replication of the virus in the carp cell line (EPC). Additionally, their potential use as prophylactic agents was evaluated by analyzing their ability to protect cells from viral infection. It was determined that all three fractions studied, particularly fraction Ib, exhibited antiviral activity. Moreover, their impact on the viral adsorption process was evidenced, although they demonstrated greater efficacy in inhibiting viral replication. The high percentages of viral inhibition obtained in the cell treatment assay suggest that these substances could have a significant effect in protecting against VHSV infection.
Viral diseases pose a serious threat to aquaculture, causing significant economic losses. Due to the limited efficacy and associated risks of current drugs, it is urgent to develop alternatives that are safe for both fish and the environment. Natural substances obtained from plants, algae, and cyanobacteria have been a source of compounds with antiviral activity for decades. This study evaluated the inhibitory capacity of cyanobacteria extracts against the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). The effect of three fractions (I, Ib, and I3) obtained from the cyanobacterium Sphaerospermopsis sp. was investigated on the adsorption and replication of the virus in the carp cell line (EPC). Additionally, their potential use as prophylactic agents was evaluated by analyzing their ability to protect cells from viral infection. It was determined that all three fractions studied, particularly fraction Ib, exhibited antiviral activity. Moreover, their impact on the viral adsorption process was evidenced, although they demonstrated greater efficacy in inhibiting viral replication. The high percentages of viral inhibition obtained in the cell treatment assay suggest that these substances could have a significant effect in protecting against VHSV infection.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
LOPEZ VAZQUEZ, M. DEL CARMEN (Co-tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
LOPEZ VAZQUEZ, M. DEL CARMEN (Co-tutorships)
Court
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
Antibiotic resistance profile of Enterobacteriaceae present as contaminants in coastal waters
Authorship
A.V.P.
Bachelor of Biology
A.V.P.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
The number of bacteria resistant to commonly used antibiotics in aquatic environments increases every year, posing a serious global health and safety problem. The presence of pharmacological residues from livestock farming in seawater favors the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), turning these ecosystems into hot spots for horizontal gene transfer (THG), which promotes the Evolution of antimicrobial resistance due to selective pressure. In the present work, the isolation (using selective media) and identification (using the API system and 16S rRNA gene sequencing) of Enterobacteriaceae present as contaminants in seawater obtained at two points on Agrelo beach (Bueu, Pontevedra). A total of 40 colonies randomly chosen were isolated and identified and their resistance profile to 10 antibiotics from different groups and synthetic antimicrobials of common clinical use was analyzed. Likewise, the presence of resistance genes described in the literature was detected by PCR. Significant differences were found in terms of variety, richness and resistance profiles between the two sampling points, being greater at the point close to an effluent. In general, this work confirms that the sampled area has high levels of contamination and the isolated Enterobacteriaceae present a wide variety of antimicrobial resistance profiles.
The number of bacteria resistant to commonly used antibiotics in aquatic environments increases every year, posing a serious global health and safety problem. The presence of pharmacological residues from livestock farming in seawater favors the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), turning these ecosystems into hot spots for horizontal gene transfer (THG), which promotes the Evolution of antimicrobial resistance due to selective pressure. In the present work, the isolation (using selective media) and identification (using the API system and 16S rRNA gene sequencing) of Enterobacteriaceae present as contaminants in seawater obtained at two points on Agrelo beach (Bueu, Pontevedra). A total of 40 colonies randomly chosen were isolated and identified and their resistance profile to 10 antibiotics from different groups and synthetic antimicrobials of common clinical use was analyzed. Likewise, the presence of resistance genes described in the literature was detected by PCR. Significant differences were found in terms of variety, richness and resistance profiles between the two sampling points, being greater at the point close to an effluent. In general, this work confirms that the sampled area has high levels of contamination and the isolated Enterobacteriaceae present a wide variety of antimicrobial resistance profiles.
Direction
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
ESCRIBANO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL PILAR (Co-tutorships)
LEMOS RAMOS, MANUEL LUIS (Tutorships)
ESCRIBANO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL PILAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
ARES MAZAS, MARIA ELVIRA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
Relation between the CCM3 protein and the YAP/TAZ pathway
Authorship
A.D.T.
Bachelor of Biology
A.D.T.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), also called cavernomas or cavernous angiomas, are a pathology that affects the microvasculature of the central nervous system, causing the accumulation of thickened capillaries with altered physiology. They can arise sporadically or due to genetic predisposition. The latter are known as familial cavernomas (fCCMs). fCCMs are related to the mutation of one of the so-called CCM genes: CCM1, CCM2 and CCM3. Specifically, mutations in the CCM3 protein give rise to the most severe effects at the earliest ages. Recently, the role of CCM3 as an inhibitor of YAP/TAZ proteins has been established. The YAP/TAZ protein pathway plays a vital role in numerous processes including tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Understanding the function and regulation of these proteins allows us to increase our knowledge of tissue and organ development. This in turn has great potential for the development of new treatments for different conditions, including cavernomas. With this work we intend to deepen the relationship between these proteins, in order to broaden the understanding of the function of each of them and their regulation in endothelial cells. To this end, we analyzed the expression of genes involved in the YAP/TAZ pathway in CCM3 mutant endothelial cells, using omics and in vitro experimental techniques. In the results we observed, as already described in other cell types, that confluence seems to exert an inhibitory effect on the expression of some of the genes described as regulated by the YAP/TAZ pathway, but not of others. The analysis of the effect of the absence of CCM3 on the expression levels of the genes assessed with the models used indicates that, if it exists, it is dependent on the cell type and state.
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), also called cavernomas or cavernous angiomas, are a pathology that affects the microvasculature of the central nervous system, causing the accumulation of thickened capillaries with altered physiology. They can arise sporadically or due to genetic predisposition. The latter are known as familial cavernomas (fCCMs). fCCMs are related to the mutation of one of the so-called CCM genes: CCM1, CCM2 and CCM3. Specifically, mutations in the CCM3 protein give rise to the most severe effects at the earliest ages. Recently, the role of CCM3 as an inhibitor of YAP/TAZ proteins has been established. The YAP/TAZ protein pathway plays a vital role in numerous processes including tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Understanding the function and regulation of these proteins allows us to increase our knowledge of tissue and organ development. This in turn has great potential for the development of new treatments for different conditions, including cavernomas. With this work we intend to deepen the relationship between these proteins, in order to broaden the understanding of the function of each of them and their regulation in endothelial cells. To this end, we analyzed the expression of genes involved in the YAP/TAZ pathway in CCM3 mutant endothelial cells, using omics and in vitro experimental techniques. In the results we observed, as already described in other cell types, that confluence seems to exert an inhibitory effect on the expression of some of the genes described as regulated by the YAP/TAZ pathway, but not of others. The analysis of the effect of the absence of CCM3 on the expression levels of the genes assessed with the models used indicates that, if it exists, it is dependent on the cell type and state.
Direction
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Tutorships)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Co-tutorships)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Tutorships)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Secretary)
ARIAS CRESPO, Ma DEL PILAR (Member)
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Secretary)
ARIAS CRESPO, Ma DEL PILAR (Member)
Skin aging
Authorship
A.M.D.
Bachelor of Biology
A.M.D.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
Aging is the accumulation of damage caused intrinsically (genetic processes) and extrinsically (environmental factors, highlighting UV radiation) throughout the life of an individual, deteriorating fundamental functions of their body. Some of these changes manifest themselves clearly in the largest organ of our body: the skin, with imperfections such as wrinkles or hyperpigmentation. Maintaining a young appearance is a central issue in society, so in this work the general aging process has been analyzed, as well as the physiology and histology of the skin to understand how it occurs in it and how to combat it thanks to cosmetic treatments, since although the skin has endogenous protection mechanisms, the population goes one step further wanting to recover a younger appearance. Therefore, in this work, the hypothesis is raised as to whether it is really possible to fight against aging with cosmetics and what are the most notable products to achieve this. Finally, it is concluded that with adequate skincare it can be achieved. This includes, in order of priority, products for the protection and repair of the skin, for its hydration, and for its activation and regeneration.
Aging is the accumulation of damage caused intrinsically (genetic processes) and extrinsically (environmental factors, highlighting UV radiation) throughout the life of an individual, deteriorating fundamental functions of their body. Some of these changes manifest themselves clearly in the largest organ of our body: the skin, with imperfections such as wrinkles or hyperpigmentation. Maintaining a young appearance is a central issue in society, so in this work the general aging process has been analyzed, as well as the physiology and histology of the skin to understand how it occurs in it and how to combat it thanks to cosmetic treatments, since although the skin has endogenous protection mechanisms, the population goes one step further wanting to recover a younger appearance. Therefore, in this work, the hypothesis is raised as to whether it is really possible to fight against aging with cosmetics and what are the most notable products to achieve this. Finally, it is concluded that with adequate skincare it can be achieved. This includes, in order of priority, products for the protection and repair of the skin, for its hydration, and for its activation and regeneration.
Direction
VIÑAS DIAZ, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
VIÑAS DIAZ, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Secretary)
ARIAS CRESPO, Ma DEL PILAR (Member)
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Secretary)
ARIAS CRESPO, Ma DEL PILAR (Member)
Biochemical aspects of familial hypercholesterolemia and its pharmacological treatment.
Authorship
M.M.V.
Bachelor of Biology
M.M.V.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
This paper has analyzed the current treatment for familial hypercholesterolemia, a type of hyperlipidemia caused by an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. It is an inherited disease that subjects its patients to dependence on drugs to reduce the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the bloodstream in order to prevent cardiovascular disease and thus avoid premature death: Elevated levels of cholesterol bound to low density lipoproteins in plasma if not lowered can lead to the accumulation of these on the walls of the arteries, resulting in the formation of a plaque called atheroma that can hinder blood flow and lead to adverse cardiovascular events, therefore, its control, and with this, its treatment, is very important. The current treatment of choice is statins; however, it is not known whether the daily use of these drugs influences or will influence the patient's life, nor are other alternative drugs known in the general population. The aim of this review is to provide the most up-to-date general information possible on the different treatments available for familial hypercholesterolemia and to investigate the possible adverse effects that statins may cause, as well as their pleiotropic effects. In addition, the aim is to provide knowledge about the most recent drugs, and therefore also less known, such as bempedoic acid, which may have other effects that are still largely unknown.
This paper has analyzed the current treatment for familial hypercholesterolemia, a type of hyperlipidemia caused by an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. It is an inherited disease that subjects its patients to dependence on drugs to reduce the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the bloodstream in order to prevent cardiovascular disease and thus avoid premature death: Elevated levels of cholesterol bound to low density lipoproteins in plasma if not lowered can lead to the accumulation of these on the walls of the arteries, resulting in the formation of a plaque called atheroma that can hinder blood flow and lead to adverse cardiovascular events, therefore, its control, and with this, its treatment, is very important. The current treatment of choice is statins; however, it is not known whether the daily use of these drugs influences or will influence the patient's life, nor are other alternative drugs known in the general population. The aim of this review is to provide the most up-to-date general information possible on the different treatments available for familial hypercholesterolemia and to investigate the possible adverse effects that statins may cause, as well as their pleiotropic effects. In addition, the aim is to provide knowledge about the most recent drugs, and therefore also less known, such as bempedoic acid, which may have other effects that are still largely unknown.
Direction
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Tutorships)
BARJA FRANCISCO, PRIMITIVO (Tutorships)
Court
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Secretary)
ARIAS CRESPO, Ma DEL PILAR (Member)
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Secretary)
ARIAS CRESPO, Ma DEL PILAR (Member)
Transcription factor VvmybA1 characterization and Gret1 retrotransposon insertion in Vitis vinifera L.
Authorship
L.Q.F.
Bachelor of Biology
L.Q.F.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:30
07.18.2024 09:30
Summary
Viticulture is a historical Galician activity that has generated an important diversity of Vitis vinifera L. varieties with oenological potential recognised worldwide. One of the most characteristic and oenologically determining phenotypes is the grape skin colour determined by synthesis capacity and accumulation of anthocyanins in these tissues. The original colour phenotype of grapes is red, violet, even black. The VvmybA1 gene is a key transcription factor of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, and its activity is altered by the inactivation of its promoter by a retrotransposon insertion. This leads to the generation of a non-functional VvmybA1 allele, responsible for the white grape phenotype. PCR analysis of the VvmybA1 gene locus in Galician varieties shows the functional allele, VvmybA1c, and a non-functional allele, VvmybA1a, with the insertion in the promoter region of the Gret1 retrotransposon in 77% of them. In the case of the white varieties, all of them carry the non-functional allele VvmybA1a. Among the Galician varieties, genomic data were analysed for the white variety Albariño, Albariño Gris (a variant with weak colour) and the red variety Brancellao. The haploid genomic assemblies of these varieties contain the VvmybA1a allele, with the complete insertion of Gret1. However, detailed analysis of the raw Nanopore long fragment sequencing (ONT) data has allowed the detection of the functional allele (VvmybA1c) in the Brancellao red variety. In Albariño Gris, the presence of the VvmybA1b allele constitutes a somatic variation, which represents a partial reversion of the Gret1 insertion event, but which is sufficient for a partial reversion to the red grape phenotype of this cultivar.
Viticulture is a historical Galician activity that has generated an important diversity of Vitis vinifera L. varieties with oenological potential recognised worldwide. One of the most characteristic and oenologically determining phenotypes is the grape skin colour determined by synthesis capacity and accumulation of anthocyanins in these tissues. The original colour phenotype of grapes is red, violet, even black. The VvmybA1 gene is a key transcription factor of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, and its activity is altered by the inactivation of its promoter by a retrotransposon insertion. This leads to the generation of a non-functional VvmybA1 allele, responsible for the white grape phenotype. PCR analysis of the VvmybA1 gene locus in Galician varieties shows the functional allele, VvmybA1c, and a non-functional allele, VvmybA1a, with the insertion in the promoter region of the Gret1 retrotransposon in 77% of them. In the case of the white varieties, all of them carry the non-functional allele VvmybA1a. Among the Galician varieties, genomic data were analysed for the white variety Albariño, Albariño Gris (a variant with weak colour) and the red variety Brancellao. The haploid genomic assemblies of these varieties contain the VvmybA1a allele, with the complete insertion of Gret1. However, detailed analysis of the raw Nanopore long fragment sequencing (ONT) data has allowed the detection of the functional allele (VvmybA1c) in the Brancellao red variety. In Albariño Gris, the presence of the VvmybA1b allele constitutes a somatic variation, which represents a partial reversion of the Gret1 insertion event, but which is sufficient for a partial reversion to the red grape phenotype of this cultivar.
Direction
REY MENDEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Díaz Losada, Emilia (Co-tutorships)
REY MENDEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Díaz Losada, Emilia (Co-tutorships)
Court
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Secretary)
ARIAS CRESPO, Ma DEL PILAR (Member)
ZAPATA BABIO, JOSE CARLOS (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ LUIS, JAVIER (Secretary)
ARIAS CRESPO, Ma DEL PILAR (Member)
New mechanisms envolved in Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis: possible role of O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation
Authorship
A.D.C.
Bachelor of Biology
A.D.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis is one of the stages of the Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Steatohepatitis is characterised, besides by the lipid accumulation that gives name to the whole disease spectrum, by hepatocellular damage, inflammation and, eventually, fibrosis. The main severity and advance determinant of the disease is precisely presence and grade of fibrosis, whose evolution depends on fundamentally hepatic stellate cells. During steatohepatitis, these cells activate and transdifferenciate into matrix-producing myofibroblasts. On the other hand, O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation is a post translational modification that affects numerous proteins. This modification acts as a nutrient sensor and its dysregulation is involved in diverse patologies. However, its role in hepatic stellate cell activation remains yet to be elucidated. The aim of this work is to study the possible implications of O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation in this process. Thus, the state of this modification was determined in activated hepatic stellate cells. Afterward, O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation had been downregulated in hepatic stellate cells and their expression of fibrotic marckers was measured after activation. Finally, the hepatic damage of mice fed a fibrogenic diet after hepatic stellate cell-specific O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation downregulation was assesed. Once results were analysed, it was found that O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation was upregulated in activated hepatic stellate cells. Moreover, its downregulation reduced activation grade of the cells in vitro and hepatic damage in vivo. Results obtained in this study, along with available literature about this theme, suggest that O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation has an important role in hepatic stellate cell activation and, therefore, hepatic fibrosis development.
Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis is one of the stages of the Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Steatohepatitis is characterised, besides by the lipid accumulation that gives name to the whole disease spectrum, by hepatocellular damage, inflammation and, eventually, fibrosis. The main severity and advance determinant of the disease is precisely presence and grade of fibrosis, whose evolution depends on fundamentally hepatic stellate cells. During steatohepatitis, these cells activate and transdifferenciate into matrix-producing myofibroblasts. On the other hand, O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation is a post translational modification that affects numerous proteins. This modification acts as a nutrient sensor and its dysregulation is involved in diverse patologies. However, its role in hepatic stellate cell activation remains yet to be elucidated. The aim of this work is to study the possible implications of O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation in this process. Thus, the state of this modification was determined in activated hepatic stellate cells. Afterward, O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation had been downregulated in hepatic stellate cells and their expression of fibrotic marckers was measured after activation. Finally, the hepatic damage of mice fed a fibrogenic diet after hepatic stellate cell-specific O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation downregulation was assesed. Once results were analysed, it was found that O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation was upregulated in activated hepatic stellate cells. Moreover, its downregulation reduced activation grade of the cells in vitro and hepatic damage in vivo. Results obtained in this study, along with available literature about this theme, suggest that O-Glucosyl-N-Acetylation has an important role in hepatic stellate cell activation and, therefore, hepatic fibrosis development.
Direction
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Tutorships)
Parracho Martínez, Tamara (Co-tutorships)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Tutorships)
Parracho Martínez, Tamara (Co-tutorships)
Court
REVILLA LOPEZ, MARIA GLORIA (Chairman)
MARTIN CORA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Secretary)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
REVILLA LOPEZ, MARIA GLORIA (Chairman)
MARTIN CORA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Secretary)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
CCR9 as therapeutic target in ovarian cancer
Authorship
L.F.V.
Bachelor of Biology
L.F.V.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Ovarian cancer represents the fifth death cause from cancer in women and the first mortality cause from gynecological cancer. Along with the high rate of chemoresistance, the difficulties in making an early diagnosis help explain the high mortality and the large number of relapses. Because of this, more research efforts in this field are required. The overexpression of chemokine receptor 9, CCR9, in different cancer types, along with its activity, leads to a malignant cellular properties (an increase in motility, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance). Due to the CCR9 overexpression, activity, and role in different cancer types, including ovarian cancer, It’s necessary contiunue researching this receptor and its potential as therapeutic target. We used different methods to study CCR9 expression and its presence in the cell membrane of ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR3 and CAOV3) that suffered epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT); we used EMT as a CCR9 research model, because in this process, cells acquire malignant features that are also related to this chemokine receptor. Although we do not detect CCR9 expression in viable cells by Flow cytometry, by Western blot we detect a higher expression of CCR9 in cells that suffered EMT than in the controls. This results seem to confirm the relation between CCR9 and more aggressive cell phenotypes in ovarian cancer. As well, we study if CCR9 inhibition using vercirnon produces changes in cisplatin cell sensibility in ovarian cancer cell lines; we haven’t seen significant differences between vercirnon treated and non treated cells. More investigations are required to deepen in the role of CCR9 in cisplatin resistance.
Ovarian cancer represents the fifth death cause from cancer in women and the first mortality cause from gynecological cancer. Along with the high rate of chemoresistance, the difficulties in making an early diagnosis help explain the high mortality and the large number of relapses. Because of this, more research efforts in this field are required. The overexpression of chemokine receptor 9, CCR9, in different cancer types, along with its activity, leads to a malignant cellular properties (an increase in motility, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance). Due to the CCR9 overexpression, activity, and role in different cancer types, including ovarian cancer, It’s necessary contiunue researching this receptor and its potential as therapeutic target. We used different methods to study CCR9 expression and its presence in the cell membrane of ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR3 and CAOV3) that suffered epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT); we used EMT as a CCR9 research model, because in this process, cells acquire malignant features that are also related to this chemokine receptor. Although we do not detect CCR9 expression in viable cells by Flow cytometry, by Western blot we detect a higher expression of CCR9 in cells that suffered EMT than in the controls. This results seem to confirm the relation between CCR9 and more aggressive cell phenotypes in ovarian cancer. As well, we study if CCR9 inhibition using vercirnon produces changes in cisplatin cell sensibility in ovarian cancer cell lines; we haven’t seen significant differences between vercirnon treated and non treated cells. More investigations are required to deepen in the role of CCR9 in cisplatin resistance.
Direction
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
CARNEIRO FREIRE, CARMEN (Co-tutorships)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
CARNEIRO FREIRE, CARMEN (Co-tutorships)
Court
REVILLA LOPEZ, MARIA GLORIA (Chairman)
MARTIN CORA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Secretary)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
REVILLA LOPEZ, MARIA GLORIA (Chairman)
MARTIN CORA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Secretary)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
Actions of p107 in liver in a mouse model wiht fatty liver
Authorship
P.V.L.
Bachelor of Biology
P.V.L.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 10:00
07.17.2024 10:00
Summary
Recent research has shown that the absence of p107, a key member of the pocket protein family, leads to an improvement in hepatic metabolism by preventing lipid accumulation in high-fat diet models. Despite these results, its role in the progression of metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) towards more advanced stages has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to explore how the absence of p107 affects the development of MAFLD in mice fed a high-fat, choline-deficient diet (CD-HFD). In summary, our findings suggest that global p107 deficiency could confer significant protection against the progression of metabolism-associated fatty liver disease and metabolism-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), thus highlighting its potential as a potential therapeutic target.
Recent research has shown that the absence of p107, a key member of the pocket protein family, leads to an improvement in hepatic metabolism by preventing lipid accumulation in high-fat diet models. Despite these results, its role in the progression of metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) towards more advanced stages has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to explore how the absence of p107 affects the development of MAFLD in mice fed a high-fat, choline-deficient diet (CD-HFD). In summary, our findings suggest that global p107 deficiency could confer significant protection against the progression of metabolism-associated fatty liver disease and metabolism-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), thus highlighting its potential as a potential therapeutic target.
Direction
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Tutorships)
VARELA MIGUENS, MARTA (Co-tutorships)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY A. (Tutorships)
VARELA MIGUENS, MARTA (Co-tutorships)
Court
REVILLA LOPEZ, MARIA GLORIA (Chairman)
MARTIN CORA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Secretary)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
REVILLA LOPEZ, MARIA GLORIA (Chairman)
MARTIN CORA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Secretary)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
The compatibility in mito-nuclear communication and its therapeutic relevance
Authorship
L.G.M.
Bachelor of Biology
L.G.M.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
The mitochondria is an organelle usually characterized by its role as the powerhouse of the cell. However, it has its own genetic material that provides it with several functions and properties. The mitochondrial DNA is a molecule crucial for functioning of the cell and the maintenance of the homeostasis and it possesses its own heritability pattern. This feature makes it difficult to diagnose disorders caused by mutations on mitochondrial DNA and develop new therapeutic approaches. Although the mitogenome is physically separated in cell, it is extremely dependent from the nuclear genome, with which it establishes a precise and highly regulated communication. The tight relationship between genomes involves the rise of a new property, the mitonuclear compatibility. This feature opens a new perspective in cell regulation processes research and in the approach to new therapeutic strategies for several diseases apart from mitochondrial disorders.
The mitochondria is an organelle usually characterized by its role as the powerhouse of the cell. However, it has its own genetic material that provides it with several functions and properties. The mitochondrial DNA is a molecule crucial for functioning of the cell and the maintenance of the homeostasis and it possesses its own heritability pattern. This feature makes it difficult to diagnose disorders caused by mutations on mitochondrial DNA and develop new therapeutic approaches. Although the mitogenome is physically separated in cell, it is extremely dependent from the nuclear genome, with which it establishes a precise and highly regulated communication. The tight relationship between genomes involves the rise of a new property, the mitonuclear compatibility. This feature opens a new perspective in cell regulation processes research and in the approach to new therapeutic strategies for several diseases apart from mitochondrial disorders.
Direction
VIÑAS DIAZ, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
VIÑAS DIAZ, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Chairman)
GARCIA SOUTO, DANIEL (Secretary)
SALGADO CASTRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Chairman)
GARCIA SOUTO, DANIEL (Secretary)
SALGADO CASTRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Neuroendocrine role of hypothalamic astrocytes.
Authorship
R.G.V.
Bachelor of Biology
R.G.V.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Insulin is a hormone involved in glucose metabolism that stimulates its passage from the blood to tissues. It has been discovered that in the central nervous system (CNS), it regulates the entry of glucose into the brain through the insulin receptor (IR). If IR is eliminated in CNS neurons, changes occur in glucose metabolism and energy balance. The deletion of the receptor in astrocytes modifies the entry of glucose into the brain under a standard diet. Since insulin shares receptors with Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF1), complete blocking of insulin signaling requires the ablation of both receptors. This study aims to understand the role of insulin signaling in astrocytes on metabolic homeostasis in the context of obesity induced by diet. 25 mice were used, 13 controls and 12 with deletion of astrocytic IR/IGF1R receptors, divided into groups fed with either a standard diet or a high-fat diet for 9 weeks to monitor body weight weekly. Additionally, 35 mice were used, 18 control from the same litter without genetic modification and 17 with the same astrocytic (IR/IGF1R) deletion and were exposed to a standard diet or a high-fat diet for 5 days or 15 days. After sacrifice, the levels of protein kinase B and its phosphorylated form (involved in insulin signaling pathway) were quantified using Western Blot. Hepatic lipids were determined using Oil Red O staining, and serum lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-esterified fatty acids) were measured. The results suggest that mice subjected to a high fat diet with deletion of astrocytic IR/IGF1R receptors gain less weight but do not show changes in the insulin signaling pathway in the hypothalamus or an increase in hepatic and serum lipids.
Insulin is a hormone involved in glucose metabolism that stimulates its passage from the blood to tissues. It has been discovered that in the central nervous system (CNS), it regulates the entry of glucose into the brain through the insulin receptor (IR). If IR is eliminated in CNS neurons, changes occur in glucose metabolism and energy balance. The deletion of the receptor in astrocytes modifies the entry of glucose into the brain under a standard diet. Since insulin shares receptors with Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF1), complete blocking of insulin signaling requires the ablation of both receptors. This study aims to understand the role of insulin signaling in astrocytes on metabolic homeostasis in the context of obesity induced by diet. 25 mice were used, 13 controls and 12 with deletion of astrocytic IR/IGF1R receptors, divided into groups fed with either a standard diet or a high-fat diet for 9 weeks to monitor body weight weekly. Additionally, 35 mice were used, 18 control from the same litter without genetic modification and 17 with the same astrocytic (IR/IGF1R) deletion and were exposed to a standard diet or a high-fat diet for 5 days or 15 days. After sacrifice, the levels of protein kinase B and its phosphorylated form (involved in insulin signaling pathway) were quantified using Western Blot. Hepatic lipids were determined using Oil Red O staining, and serum lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-esterified fatty acids) were measured. The results suggest that mice subjected to a high fat diet with deletion of astrocytic IR/IGF1R receptors gain less weight but do not show changes in the insulin signaling pathway in the hypothalamus or an increase in hepatic and serum lipids.
Direction
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Tutorships)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Tutorships)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Chairman)
GARCIA SOUTO, DANIEL (Secretary)
SALGADO CASTRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Chairman)
GARCIA SOUTO, DANIEL (Secretary)
SALGADO CASTRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Role of Glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) in Non Alcoholic Fatty liver Disease.
Authorship
J.L.P.
Bachelor of Biology
J.L.P.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the main causes of liver damage worldwide. It is associated with diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and diseases related to glycogen storage. In the search for new therapeutic targets, we studied, in this work, the role of glycogen synthase 1 protein in the progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. To do this, we analyzed the expression levels of mRNA of glycogen synthase 1 in different murine models and in cell cultures of hepatocytes and stellate cells using q-PCR technique, as well as their protein levels using western blot technique. Subsequently, we checked if silencing this protein is able to improve lipid accumulation induced by Oleic Acid and a combination of oleic acid + Palmitate using Oil-Red O technique. We observed that glycogen synthase 1 increases both in in vivo models of steatosis and fibrosis, as well as in vitro in stellate cells activated by TGF beta and in human hepatocytes subjected to conditions of steatosis (induced by treatments with fatty acids), so we assume that this protein performs certain functions in these processes. With the silencing of glycogen synthase 1 in hepatocytes, we were not able to reverse lipid accumulation when cells were treated only with oleic acid, but lipid accumulation was reduced in cells treated with a mixture of oleic acid and palmitate. In view of these results, glycogen synthase 1 could act as a therapeutic target for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the main causes of liver damage worldwide. It is associated with diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and diseases related to glycogen storage. In the search for new therapeutic targets, we studied, in this work, the role of glycogen synthase 1 protein in the progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. To do this, we analyzed the expression levels of mRNA of glycogen synthase 1 in different murine models and in cell cultures of hepatocytes and stellate cells using q-PCR technique, as well as their protein levels using western blot technique. Subsequently, we checked if silencing this protein is able to improve lipid accumulation induced by Oleic Acid and a combination of oleic acid + Palmitate using Oil-Red O technique. We observed that glycogen synthase 1 increases both in in vivo models of steatosis and fibrosis, as well as in vitro in stellate cells activated by TGF beta and in human hepatocytes subjected to conditions of steatosis (induced by treatments with fatty acids), so we assume that this protein performs certain functions in these processes. With the silencing of glycogen synthase 1 in hepatocytes, we were not able to reverse lipid accumulation when cells were treated only with oleic acid, but lipid accumulation was reduced in cells treated with a mixture of oleic acid and palmitate. In view of these results, glycogen synthase 1 could act as a therapeutic target for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Direction
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Tutorships)
DA SILVA LIMA, NATALIA (Co-tutorships)
NOGUEIRAS POZO, RUBEN (Tutorships)
DA SILVA LIMA, NATALIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Chairman)
GARCIA SOUTO, DANIEL (Secretary)
SALGADO CASTRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Chairman)
GARCIA SOUTO, DANIEL (Secretary)
SALGADO CASTRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Genome editing techniques and their applications
Authorship
E.M.C.
Bachelor of Biology
E.M.C.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Site-directed mutagenesis is one of the most used techniques in genetic engineering, specially since the development of PCR-based methods. In these techniques, for the introduction of in vitro mutations on the target DNA, homologous recombination and vectors (plasmids, virus...) have been widespread used. Nevertheless, when we want to apply them for in vivo mutagenesis, we may find some drawbacks, as their low stability and the possibility of random integration and immunologic response, respectively. To avoid that, programmable nucleases started being investigated. The cellular pathways of the proper organism not only would repair the breaks made by the nucleases; but they would also let us to correct or introduce the desired mutations. First of this type of tools designed were the ones based on zinc fingers motifs (ZFNs), that were later substituted by the ones based on Xanthomonas’ recognition systems (TALENs), and specially, the ones derived from the adaptive immune system of some prokaryotes (CRISPR-Cas). Despite all of them demostrated being valid for a lot of applications, as diverse genetic therapies, CRISPR systems are the most polivalent ones because of their simpler design and the reduced off-target effects. Moreover, the great variety of types offer different shades that can be focused on diverse applications, if the knowledge of their mechanisms is deeper in the future and the impact of their disadvantages is lower.
Site-directed mutagenesis is one of the most used techniques in genetic engineering, specially since the development of PCR-based methods. In these techniques, for the introduction of in vitro mutations on the target DNA, homologous recombination and vectors (plasmids, virus...) have been widespread used. Nevertheless, when we want to apply them for in vivo mutagenesis, we may find some drawbacks, as their low stability and the possibility of random integration and immunologic response, respectively. To avoid that, programmable nucleases started being investigated. The cellular pathways of the proper organism not only would repair the breaks made by the nucleases; but they would also let us to correct or introduce the desired mutations. First of this type of tools designed were the ones based on zinc fingers motifs (ZFNs), that were later substituted by the ones based on Xanthomonas’ recognition systems (TALENs), and specially, the ones derived from the adaptive immune system of some prokaryotes (CRISPR-Cas). Despite all of them demostrated being valid for a lot of applications, as diverse genetic therapies, CRISPR systems are the most polivalent ones because of their simpler design and the reduced off-target effects. Moreover, the great variety of types offer different shades that can be focused on diverse applications, if the knowledge of their mechanisms is deeper in the future and the impact of their disadvantages is lower.
Direction
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Tutorships)
COVELO ARTOS, GUILLERMO (Tutorships)
Court
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Chairman)
GARCIA SOUTO, DANIEL (Secretary)
SALGADO CASTRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Chairman)
GARCIA SOUTO, DANIEL (Secretary)
SALGADO CASTRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
The effect of glucose on aortic smooth muscle cells functionality.
Authorship
L.V.L.
Bachelor of Biology
L.V.L.
Bachelor of Biology
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:30
07.17.2024 09:30
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels, it globally affects millions of people and it can cause various complications, including cardiovascular diseases. This study analyzes how elevated glucose concentration affects the structural and functional characteristics of aortic smooth muscle cells, including cell proliferation, cell size, cell complexity, protein accumulation, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. For this purpose, rat aortic smooth muscle cells were cultured for a month in medium with different glucose concentrations: 1 g/L (control condition) and 4.5 g/L (hyperglycemic condition). Prolonged exposure to high glucose concentrations resulted in a decrease in cell proliferative capacity, reduced cell size, increased complexity, increased protein accumulation, and normal lactate dehydrogenase activity. The results obtained conclude that prolonged exposure to elevated glucose concentrations negatively affects cell growth and cell integrity related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) described in previous studies.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels, it globally affects millions of people and it can cause various complications, including cardiovascular diseases. This study analyzes how elevated glucose concentration affects the structural and functional characteristics of aortic smooth muscle cells, including cell proliferation, cell size, cell complexity, protein accumulation, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. For this purpose, rat aortic smooth muscle cells were cultured for a month in medium with different glucose concentrations: 1 g/L (control condition) and 4.5 g/L (hyperglycemic condition). Prolonged exposure to high glucose concentrations resulted in a decrease in cell proliferative capacity, reduced cell size, increased complexity, increased protein accumulation, and normal lactate dehydrogenase activity. The results obtained conclude that prolonged exposure to elevated glucose concentrations negatively affects cell growth and cell integrity related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) described in previous studies.
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Chairman)
GARCIA SOUTO, DANIEL (Secretary)
SALGADO CASTRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Chairman)
GARCIA SOUTO, DANIEL (Secretary)
SALGADO CASTRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)