electrophysiological correlates of old/new recognition in adults with subjective cognitive decline or amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authorship
C.G.G.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
C.G.G.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
Defense date
07.19.2024 12:54
07.19.2024 12:54
Summary
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with neurocognitive changes that develop progressively over decades. Among the most characteristic early deficits include impairment of episodic memory (EM). Brain evoked potentials (ERP) have proven to be useful as neurocognitive indices of AD, evidencing changes in brain electrical activity in the preclinical (subjective cognitive decline, SCD) and prodromal (amnestic mild cognitive impairment, aMCI) stages. But the evidence is controversial about changes in ERP correlates associated with familiarity (frontal old/new effect, in the range of FN400) and recollection (parietal old/new effect, in the range of late positive component, LPC), two processes that underlie EM. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the changes associated with SCD and aMCI in the performance and parameters (amplitude and latency) of the FN400 (range 220-450 ms) and LPC (range 500-1000 ms) components, as well as in the corresponding old/new effects associated with familiarity and recollection. For this, three groups of adults (age: 51-82 years) were compared: cognitively healthy (CS), with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), who performed an old/new recognition task. with words, in which they had to identify whether the words had been previously presented or not. The behavioral results evidenced (1) a learning process of the old words in the three groups, through three blocks of consecutive stimuli, and (2) a worse performance in the aMCI group compared to the CS group, which was associated with a significantly longer reaction time and a significantly lower percentage of correct responses, with the SCD group showing intermediate values between both groups. On the other hand, no differences were observed between groups for the parameters of the ERP evaluated, although a frontal old/new effect in the SCD and aMCI groups and a parietal old/new effect for the whole sample. Adults with SCD and aMCI appear to show different processing strategies than CS adults to achieve successful word recognition.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with neurocognitive changes that develop progressively over decades. Among the most characteristic early deficits include impairment of episodic memory (EM). Brain evoked potentials (ERP) have proven to be useful as neurocognitive indices of AD, evidencing changes in brain electrical activity in the preclinical (subjective cognitive decline, SCD) and prodromal (amnestic mild cognitive impairment, aMCI) stages. But the evidence is controversial about changes in ERP correlates associated with familiarity (frontal old/new effect, in the range of FN400) and recollection (parietal old/new effect, in the range of late positive component, LPC), two processes that underlie EM. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the changes associated with SCD and aMCI in the performance and parameters (amplitude and latency) of the FN400 (range 220-450 ms) and LPC (range 500-1000 ms) components, as well as in the corresponding old/new effects associated with familiarity and recollection. For this, three groups of adults (age: 51-82 years) were compared: cognitively healthy (CS), with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), who performed an old/new recognition task. with words, in which they had to identify whether the words had been previously presented or not. The behavioral results evidenced (1) a learning process of the old words in the three groups, through three blocks of consecutive stimuli, and (2) a worse performance in the aMCI group compared to the CS group, which was associated with a significantly longer reaction time and a significantly lower percentage of correct responses, with the SCD group showing intermediate values between both groups. On the other hand, no differences were observed between groups for the parameters of the ERP evaluated, although a frontal old/new effect in the SCD and aMCI groups and a parietal old/new effect for the whole sample. Adults with SCD and aMCI appear to show different processing strategies than CS adults to achieve successful word recognition.
Direction
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Tutorships)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Co-tutorships)
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Tutorships)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ARROJO ROMERO, MANUEL (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ARROJO ROMERO, MANUEL (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Role of the Renin Angiotensin System in calcium mediated neurodegenerative mechanisms
Authorship
N.M.V.C.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
N.M.V.C.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
Defense date
07.19.2024 11:00
07.19.2024 11:00
Summary
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The disease is associated with various cellular alterations such as the formation of alpha-synuclein aggregates, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, alterations in autophagy and alterations in calcium homeostasis. Numerous investigations have established a relationship between the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. In this work we aim to study the relationship between this system, calcium homeostasis and the neurodegenerative mechanisms of PD, using a catecholaminergic cell line. First, it was found that Angiotensin II (Ang II), the main effector of the RAS, induces changes in intracellular calcium flux, which decrease in the presence of 2APB, an inhibitor of the IP3R channel. This indicates that the increase in intracellular calcium is due to the outflow of this cation from the endoplasmic reticulum. Subsequently, we studied how these calcium variations affect the viability of neurons in cellular models of PD. Ang II potentiates cell death in the PD model, and treatment with 2APB reverses the effect, indicating that the increase in cell death may be due to a mismatch in intracellular calcium levels. In addition, an autophagy marker was analysed to determine whether treatment with Ang II or 2APB caused any changes in this process. Although Ang II alone does not appear to alter the autophagy process, the use of 2APB induces an increase in the amount of autophagosomes. Finally, the mRNA expression levels of some proteins involved in calcium signalling pathways were analysed and it was observed that Ang II does not alter the expression of the proteins analysed (calbindin, calmodulin or the IP3R and TRPML1 channels).
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The disease is associated with various cellular alterations such as the formation of alpha-synuclein aggregates, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, alterations in autophagy and alterations in calcium homeostasis. Numerous investigations have established a relationship between the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. In this work we aim to study the relationship between this system, calcium homeostasis and the neurodegenerative mechanisms of PD, using a catecholaminergic cell line. First, it was found that Angiotensin II (Ang II), the main effector of the RAS, induces changes in intracellular calcium flux, which decrease in the presence of 2APB, an inhibitor of the IP3R channel. This indicates that the increase in intracellular calcium is due to the outflow of this cation from the endoplasmic reticulum. Subsequently, we studied how these calcium variations affect the viability of neurons in cellular models of PD. Ang II potentiates cell death in the PD model, and treatment with 2APB reverses the effect, indicating that the increase in cell death may be due to a mismatch in intracellular calcium levels. In addition, an autophagy marker was analysed to determine whether treatment with Ang II or 2APB caused any changes in this process. Although Ang II alone does not appear to alter the autophagy process, the use of 2APB induces an increase in the amount of autophagosomes. Finally, the mRNA expression levels of some proteins involved in calcium signalling pathways were analysed and it was observed that Ang II does not alter the expression of the proteins analysed (calbindin, calmodulin or the IP3R and TRPML1 channels).
Direction
LABANDEIRA GARCIA, JOSE LUIS (Tutorships)
VILLAR CHEDA, MARIA BEGOÑA (Co-tutorships)
LABANDEIRA GARCIA, JOSE LUIS (Tutorships)
VILLAR CHEDA, MARIA BEGOÑA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Coordinator)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Chairman)
Pérez Fernández, Juan (Secretary)
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Member)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Coordinator)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Chairman)
Pérez Fernández, Juan (Secretary)
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Member)
Study of working memory using event-related potentials in N-Back tasks based on the use of an executive strategy
Authorship
G.J.P.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
G.J.P.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
Defense date
07.19.2024 12:54
07.19.2024 12:54
Summary
Background: Working Memory (WM) is a cognitive system primarily responsible for executing both simple and complex mental tasks such as comprehension, learning, reasoning, etc. It stores and manipulates a limited amount of information for a short period of time. N-Back task and Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) are commonly used to evaluate its capacity and subprocesses. Objective: to analyze the effect of employing an executive strategy on a high cognitive load N-Back task (3-Back) in terms of both executive performance and brain electrical activity recorded during the task. Method: in a sample of 17 individuals, ERPs were recorded across 30 electrodes during the execution of an N-Back task. Three task conditions (1, 2 and 3-Back) were conducted without any additional specification. Subsequently, an executive strategy was provided for executing a new 3-Back condition. Results: the implementation of the executive strategy yielded superior behavioral outcomes (a higher number of correct responses in the trial utilizing the strategy) and indicated a trend (not statistically significant) of changes in brain electrical activity in the P3 component and the Late Positive Component (LPC). Conclusion: the use of an executive strategy enhances performance in a high cognitive load N-Back task by enabling more effective utilization of cognitive resources. There was a trend suggesting potential variations in brain electrical activity associated with the use of the strategy.
Background: Working Memory (WM) is a cognitive system primarily responsible for executing both simple and complex mental tasks such as comprehension, learning, reasoning, etc. It stores and manipulates a limited amount of information for a short period of time. N-Back task and Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) are commonly used to evaluate its capacity and subprocesses. Objective: to analyze the effect of employing an executive strategy on a high cognitive load N-Back task (3-Back) in terms of both executive performance and brain electrical activity recorded during the task. Method: in a sample of 17 individuals, ERPs were recorded across 30 electrodes during the execution of an N-Back task. Three task conditions (1, 2 and 3-Back) were conducted without any additional specification. Subsequently, an executive strategy was provided for executing a new 3-Back condition. Results: the implementation of the executive strategy yielded superior behavioral outcomes (a higher number of correct responses in the trial utilizing the strategy) and indicated a trend (not statistically significant) of changes in brain electrical activity in the P3 component and the Late Positive Component (LPC). Conclusion: the use of an executive strategy enhances performance in a high cognitive load N-Back task by enabling more effective utilization of cognitive resources. There was a trend suggesting potential variations in brain electrical activity associated with the use of the strategy.
Direction
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Tutorships)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Tutorships)
Court
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ARROJO ROMERO, MANUEL (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ARROJO ROMERO, MANUEL (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
N200 and P300 components in a stimulus discrimination task in participants with subjective cognitive impairment
Authorship
I.R.G.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
I.R.G.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
Defense date
07.19.2024 12:54
07.19.2024 12:54
Summary
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), characterized by subjective memory complaints in the absence of objective deficits, has been proposed as the earliest stage of pathological cognitive impairment, such that individuals with SCD are at increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and/or Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, behavioral performance and N200 and P300 event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded to the target stimuli of a visual oddball task in a total of 95 participants (48 cognitively intact controls and 46 with SCD). Participants with SCD obtained significantly longer reaction times and quasi-significant longer latencies on the N200 component compared to control participants. These results indicate that SCD participants, despite having no cognitive deficits, process information more slowly than their control peers and suggest that this is due to slower neural functioning in identifying the stimuli that must be responded.
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), characterized by subjective memory complaints in the absence of objective deficits, has been proposed as the earliest stage of pathological cognitive impairment, such that individuals with SCD are at increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and/or Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, behavioral performance and N200 and P300 event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded to the target stimuli of a visual oddball task in a total of 95 participants (48 cognitively intact controls and 46 with SCD). Participants with SCD obtained significantly longer reaction times and quasi-significant longer latencies on the N200 component compared to control participants. These results indicate that SCD participants, despite having no cognitive deficits, process information more slowly than their control peers and suggest that this is due to slower neural functioning in identifying the stimuli that must be responded.
Direction
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Tutorships)
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Tutorships)
Court
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ARROJO ROMERO, MANUEL (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ARROJO ROMERO, MANUEL (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Role of mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 in myelination
Authorship
J.P.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
J.P.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
Defense date
06.19.2024 12:00
06.19.2024 12:00
Summary
The myelination and myelin maintenance processes, carried out by Schwann cells, are essential for the correct development of an organism and the fulfillment of its basic functions. The different neuropathies have their etiology in problems in the myelination of the peripheral nervous system, and especially in defects in mitochondrial activity, since mitochondria are essential for the correct functioning of the Schwann cell metabolism and the lipid metabolism necessary to maintain myelin. Knowing the molecular bases of the myelination process is essential to find future therapeutic targets and attack these disorders that lack effective therapies. Using the mouse as a study model and laboratory techniques for protein analysis, Western Blot and nerve electron microscopy visualization techniques, in this TFM I have tried to decipher the role of the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 in the maintenance of myelin in the peripheral nervous system. In this work I have shown how the total elimination of OPA1 in mouse Schwann cells from embryonic day 13.5 causes, over time, a process of demyelination and axonal degeneration, which becomes increasingly severe as the mouse grows. In contrast, in mice heterozygous for OPA1 the phenotype appears wild-type with no signs of demyelination or axonal degeneration. Despite these results, the molecular mechanism affected by the elimination of this protein is still unknown.
The myelination and myelin maintenance processes, carried out by Schwann cells, are essential for the correct development of an organism and the fulfillment of its basic functions. The different neuropathies have their etiology in problems in the myelination of the peripheral nervous system, and especially in defects in mitochondrial activity, since mitochondria are essential for the correct functioning of the Schwann cell metabolism and the lipid metabolism necessary to maintain myelin. Knowing the molecular bases of the myelination process is essential to find future therapeutic targets and attack these disorders that lack effective therapies. Using the mouse as a study model and laboratory techniques for protein analysis, Western Blot and nerve electron microscopy visualization techniques, in this TFM I have tried to decipher the role of the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 in the maintenance of myelin in the peripheral nervous system. In this work I have shown how the total elimination of OPA1 in mouse Schwann cells from embryonic day 13.5 causes, over time, a process of demyelination and axonal degeneration, which becomes increasingly severe as the mouse grows. In contrast, in mice heterozygous for OPA1 the phenotype appears wild-type with no signs of demyelination or axonal degeneration. Despite these results, the molecular mechanism affected by the elimination of this protein is still unknown.
Direction
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ ALVAREZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ ALVAREZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Chairman)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Chairman)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
Evaluation of social cognition, systematizing, language and the camouflaging effect in people with autistic traits.
Authorship
M.R.G.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
M.R.G.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
Defense date
07.19.2024 16:00
07.19.2024 16:00
Summary
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in communication and social interaction, pragmatic language and empathy. Nevertheless, individuals with high-functioning or level 1 ASD may exhibit a higher capacity of systematizing than the general population, that is, an enhanced ability in understanding, analyzing and constructing rules that govern any kind of system. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted on ASD core traits in autistic population, but there is an absence of recent studies on autistic traits in the general population. ASD traits vary between autistic individuals, specifically there have been reported significant differences in how these traits are expressed in men and women. A distinctive aspect between women and men is camouflaging, a strategy that consists of hiding autistic traits with the purpose of being socially accepted. Social camouflaging difficulties and delays diagnosis, especially in women, which causes gender bias. The general population may exhibit subclinical traits similar to those with ASD, therefore the aim of this study was to assess autistic traits, social cognition, systemizing, pragmatic language and camouflaging in the general population. The sample consisted of 64 adult participants (16 men and 48 women), who were recruited through active search in the general population. These participants completed four questionnaires that were programmed in the REDCap platform: Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire, Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire, Systematizing Quotient and Empathy Quotient, and the data obtained by men and women was statistically analyzed. The results reported significant differences in systematizing, while no differences were found in autistic traits, empathy, camouflaging and pragmatic language between men and women. With these preliminary data we can conclude that men present better systemizing abilities than women, that is, they have a higher capacity in analyzing and constructing rules that govern a system. This study opens the way for future research on ASD characteristics in the general population.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in communication and social interaction, pragmatic language and empathy. Nevertheless, individuals with high-functioning or level 1 ASD may exhibit a higher capacity of systematizing than the general population, that is, an enhanced ability in understanding, analyzing and constructing rules that govern any kind of system. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted on ASD core traits in autistic population, but there is an absence of recent studies on autistic traits in the general population. ASD traits vary between autistic individuals, specifically there have been reported significant differences in how these traits are expressed in men and women. A distinctive aspect between women and men is camouflaging, a strategy that consists of hiding autistic traits with the purpose of being socially accepted. Social camouflaging difficulties and delays diagnosis, especially in women, which causes gender bias. The general population may exhibit subclinical traits similar to those with ASD, therefore the aim of this study was to assess autistic traits, social cognition, systemizing, pragmatic language and camouflaging in the general population. The sample consisted of 64 adult participants (16 men and 48 women), who were recruited through active search in the general population. These participants completed four questionnaires that were programmed in the REDCap platform: Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire, Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire, Systematizing Quotient and Empathy Quotient, and the data obtained by men and women was statistically analyzed. The results reported significant differences in systematizing, while no differences were found in autistic traits, empathy, camouflaging and pragmatic language between men and women. With these preliminary data we can conclude that men present better systemizing abilities than women, that is, they have a higher capacity in analyzing and constructing rules that govern a system. This study opens the way for future research on ASD characteristics in the general population.
Direction
Carrillo De la Peña, María Teresa (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ PRIETO, MONSERRAT (Co-tutorships)
TUBIO FUNGUEIRIÑO, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Carrillo De la Peña, María Teresa (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ PRIETO, MONSERRAT (Co-tutorships)
TUBIO FUNGUEIRIÑO, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Chairman)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Chairman)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
Identification of repositioning active drugs in a line of immortalized sensory neurons as a starting point against persistent COVID neuropathy
Authorship
N.L.C.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
N.L.C.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
Defense date
07.19.2024 17:50
07.19.2024 17:50
Summary
COVID-19 infection triggers the release of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF alpha and IFN gamma, which cause damage to various systems and organs, persisting even after resolution of the infection. This condition is called persistent COVID. The sequelae that occur include peripheral neuropathy, caused by damage to sensory neurons, which manifests with neuropathic pain and paresthesia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of TNF alpha and IFN gamma in an immortalized line of sensory neurons, to carry out the screening of a repositioning chemical library and identify protective drugs against the effect of these cytokines as a starting point for a drug development program for persistent COVID neuropathy. It was verified that exposure to TNF alpha and IFN gamma reduces calcium influx in the F11 immortalized sensory neuron line in response to KCl, which is compatible with COVID neuropathy. Among the compounds in the Prestwick repositioning library, nine hits were identified (cetrizine, metapyrilene, dydrogestrone, butacaine, iopromide, phenazopyridine, ioxaglic acid, pancuronium bromide and ozagrel) that reverse the effect of cytokines, serving as a starting point in a drug discovery program for persistent COVID neuropathy. Most of these compounds have a known neuroprotective and antioxidant effect. However, before confirming its usefulness in persistent COVID, it is necessary to explore the correlation between concentration-response and validate the effect in another model of persistent COVID.
COVID-19 infection triggers the release of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF alpha and IFN gamma, which cause damage to various systems and organs, persisting even after resolution of the infection. This condition is called persistent COVID. The sequelae that occur include peripheral neuropathy, caused by damage to sensory neurons, which manifests with neuropathic pain and paresthesia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of TNF alpha and IFN gamma in an immortalized line of sensory neurons, to carry out the screening of a repositioning chemical library and identify protective drugs against the effect of these cytokines as a starting point for a drug development program for persistent COVID neuropathy. It was verified that exposure to TNF alpha and IFN gamma reduces calcium influx in the F11 immortalized sensory neuron line in response to KCl, which is compatible with COVID neuropathy. Among the compounds in the Prestwick repositioning library, nine hits were identified (cetrizine, metapyrilene, dydrogestrone, butacaine, iopromide, phenazopyridine, ioxaglic acid, pancuronium bromide and ozagrel) that reverse the effect of cytokines, serving as a starting point in a drug discovery program for persistent COVID neuropathy. Most of these compounds have a known neuroprotective and antioxidant effect. However, before confirming its usefulness in persistent COVID, it is necessary to explore the correlation between concentration-response and validate the effect in another model of persistent COVID.
Direction
LOZA GARCIA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ, ANTON LEANDRO (Co-tutorships)
LOZA GARCIA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ, ANTON LEANDRO (Co-tutorships)
Court
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Coordinator)
Pombal Diego, Manuel Ángel (Chairman)
Folgueira Otero, Mónica (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Coordinator)
Pombal Diego, Manuel Ángel (Chairman)
Folgueira Otero, Mónica (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Study of the Renin Angiotensin System in Parkinson's Disease associated with GBA mutations.
Authorship
E.M.C.B.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
E.M.C.B.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
Defense date
07.19.2024 11:00
07.19.2024 11:00
Summary
Homozygous mutations in GBA1, a gene encoding the enzyme glucocerebrosidase, cause Gaucher disease (GD). These mutations lead to lysosomal dysfunction, increasing neuronal vulnerability. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), belonging to the renin angiotensin system (RAS), has been used as a clinical biomarker of GD as it is found to be increased more than 3-5-fold in the plasma of these patients. Heterozygous mutations in the GBA1 gene are the most frequent genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). On the other hand, in recent years, the presence of RAS has been discovered at the neuronal level, specifically in the substantia nigra (SN), the area of greatest susceptibility to neurodegeneration in PD. It has been shown that RAS can aggravate dopaminergic neurodegeneration through the activation of the prooxidative and proinflammatory angiotensin 1 (AT1) receptor, an activation that depends on the transformation of angiotensin I into angiotensin II by ACE. In this work we set out to study the effect of glycocerebrosidase inhibition on the levels of the main components of the RAS at the SN level in an animal model of PD treated with the inhibitor of this enzyme, CBE. Our results show a significant decrease in glucocerebrosidase activity in the SN following treatment with CBE, a decrease in the expression of the main RAS receptors AT1, AT2 and Mas and ACE enzyme activity in the SN and a significant increase in serum ACE activity in these mice. These results suggest the activation of a compensatory mechanism at the RAS level to decrease the damage caused by glucocerebrosidase inhibition. Furthermore, the increase and decrease in serum and SN ACE activity, respectively, in these mice could be due to a protein cleavage response of the enzyme at the plasma membrane level and the release of its soluble form. These results may help to elucidate the relationship between RAS and decreased glucocerebrosidase activity and its involvement in neurodegeneration.
Homozygous mutations in GBA1, a gene encoding the enzyme glucocerebrosidase, cause Gaucher disease (GD). These mutations lead to lysosomal dysfunction, increasing neuronal vulnerability. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), belonging to the renin angiotensin system (RAS), has been used as a clinical biomarker of GD as it is found to be increased more than 3-5-fold in the plasma of these patients. Heterozygous mutations in the GBA1 gene are the most frequent genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). On the other hand, in recent years, the presence of RAS has been discovered at the neuronal level, specifically in the substantia nigra (SN), the area of greatest susceptibility to neurodegeneration in PD. It has been shown that RAS can aggravate dopaminergic neurodegeneration through the activation of the prooxidative and proinflammatory angiotensin 1 (AT1) receptor, an activation that depends on the transformation of angiotensin I into angiotensin II by ACE. In this work we set out to study the effect of glycocerebrosidase inhibition on the levels of the main components of the RAS at the SN level in an animal model of PD treated with the inhibitor of this enzyme, CBE. Our results show a significant decrease in glucocerebrosidase activity in the SN following treatment with CBE, a decrease in the expression of the main RAS receptors AT1, AT2 and Mas and ACE enzyme activity in the SN and a significant increase in serum ACE activity in these mice. These results suggest the activation of a compensatory mechanism at the RAS level to decrease the damage caused by glucocerebrosidase inhibition. Furthermore, the increase and decrease in serum and SN ACE activity, respectively, in these mice could be due to a protein cleavage response of the enzyme at the plasma membrane level and the release of its soluble form. These results may help to elucidate the relationship between RAS and decreased glucocerebrosidase activity and its involvement in neurodegeneration.
Direction
LABANDEIRA GARCIA, JOSE LUIS (Tutorships)
COSTA BESADA, MARIA ALICIA (Co-tutorships)
LABANDEIRA GARCIA, JOSE LUIS (Tutorships)
COSTA BESADA, MARIA ALICIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Coordinator)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Chairman)
Pérez Fernández, Juan (Secretary)
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Member)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Coordinator)
RODRIGUEZ PALLARES, JANNETTE (Chairman)
Pérez Fernández, Juan (Secretary)
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Member)
Characterization and comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes in the genus Cerastoderma Poli, 1795. Implications for genetic labeling methodologies
Authorship
E.G.R.
Master in Aquaculture
E.G.R.
Master in Aquaculture
Defense date
01.18.2024 09:30
01.18.2024 09:30
Summary
In Europe, two species of cockles coexist, Cerastoderma glaucum and C. edule. Despite being morphologically similar, they exhibit significant ecological and genetic differences. C. edule inhabits areas of open coast, while C. glaucum resides in tide-absent and subtidal zones. The cockle fishery in Galicia is crucial economically and in terms of productivity, but faces challenges such as infection by the parasite Marteilia cochilia or disseminated neoplasia, which led to its collapse in 2012. Generally, the mitochondrial genome of metazoans contains 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes. However, bivalve mitochondrial genomes show high rates of genetic rearrangements, and the arrangement of their genes differs significantly from other mtDNAs. To contribute to the available information on the species C. glaucum and the genus Cerastoderma, this study presents a methodology for amplifying the mitochondrial genome of C. glaucum and its subsequent sequencing using Oxford Nanopore technology. Additionally, the mitochondrial genome of C. glaucum is characterized and compared with C. edule. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis of the Cerastoderma genus is conducted. The results indicate that amplifying the mitochondrial genome of C. glaucum from 5 long fragments enables genome sequencing. Its characterization reveals that, like C. edule, it contains 13 PCGs, 2 rRNA genes, and 24 tRNA genes, with both species forming a monophyletic clade within the Cardiidae family. At the mitochondrial genome level, the nucleotide differences between the two species in the genus are substantial, providing the potential for a variety of genetic differentiation techniques to distinguish between them.
In Europe, two species of cockles coexist, Cerastoderma glaucum and C. edule. Despite being morphologically similar, they exhibit significant ecological and genetic differences. C. edule inhabits areas of open coast, while C. glaucum resides in tide-absent and subtidal zones. The cockle fishery in Galicia is crucial economically and in terms of productivity, but faces challenges such as infection by the parasite Marteilia cochilia or disseminated neoplasia, which led to its collapse in 2012. Generally, the mitochondrial genome of metazoans contains 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes. However, bivalve mitochondrial genomes show high rates of genetic rearrangements, and the arrangement of their genes differs significantly from other mtDNAs. To contribute to the available information on the species C. glaucum and the genus Cerastoderma, this study presents a methodology for amplifying the mitochondrial genome of C. glaucum and its subsequent sequencing using Oxford Nanopore technology. Additionally, the mitochondrial genome of C. glaucum is characterized and compared with C. edule. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis of the Cerastoderma genus is conducted. The results indicate that amplifying the mitochondrial genome of C. glaucum from 5 long fragments enables genome sequencing. Its characterization reveals that, like C. edule, it contains 13 PCGs, 2 rRNA genes, and 24 tRNA genes, with both species forming a monophyletic clade within the Cardiidae family. At the mitochondrial genome level, the nucleotide differences between the two species in the genus are substantial, providing the potential for a variety of genetic differentiation techniques to distinguish between them.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
REY MENDEZ, MANUEL (Co-tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
REY MENDEZ, MANUEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Secretary)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Secretary)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
Quality and traceability of a fish farm's processing area.
Authorship
F.L.A.
Master in Aquaculture
F.L.A.
Master in Aquaculture
Defense date
02.02.2024 09:30
02.02.2024 09:30
Summary
Master's final dissertation of the Master's degree of Aquaculture from the University of Santiago de Compostela, focused on the study of the quality and traceability of an international aquaculture company and the procedures taking place at his processing room of turbot and sole. At Stolt Sea Farm, Lira, Carnota.
Master's final dissertation of the Master's degree of Aquaculture from the University of Santiago de Compostela, focused on the study of the quality and traceability of an international aquaculture company and the procedures taking place at his processing room of turbot and sole. At Stolt Sea Farm, Lira, Carnota.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
Identification of the bacterial population associated with auxiliary culture of brine shrimp through biochemical and molecular methods.
Authorship
D.R.C.
Master in Aquaculture
D.R.C.
Master in Aquaculture
Defense date
02.02.2024 09:30
02.02.2024 09:30
Summary
In this work, auxiliary cultures of brine shrimp were analyzed to determine the bacterial population present in them, since they are presented as one of the critical points in the larval stage in aquaculture, being the entry of possible pathogens. To analyze it, molecular and biochemical methods were used. Thanks to the tests carried out, the type of bacteria present is identified.
In this work, auxiliary cultures of brine shrimp were analyzed to determine the bacterial population present in them, since they are presented as one of the critical points in the larval stage in aquaculture, being the entry of possible pathogens. To analyze it, molecular and biochemical methods were used. Thanks to the tests carried out, the type of bacteria present is identified.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
Cultivation of European seabass and Gilthead seabream in Calp, Avramar marine fish farm.
Authorship
C.O.A.C.
Master in Aquaculture
C.O.A.C.
Master in Aquaculture
Defense date
02.02.2024 09:30
02.02.2024 09:30
Summary
This document describes the activities that were developed during a 3-month stay at the Avramar S.L. marine fish farm facilities in Calpe, Valencian Community. This document explains a small bibliographic review about the current situation of marine aquaculture in Europe, information is provided through my experience on the different problems encountered along with possible solutions, information is also provided on the different operating processes in the marine farm, such as feeding, fishing and facility maintenance.
This document describes the activities that were developed during a 3-month stay at the Avramar S.L. marine fish farm facilities in Calpe, Valencian Community. This document explains a small bibliographic review about the current situation of marine aquaculture in Europe, information is provided through my experience on the different problems encountered along with possible solutions, information is also provided on the different operating processes in the marine farm, such as feeding, fishing and facility maintenance.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
Aquaculture of sole (Solea senegalensis) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in Galicia. Main pathologies and study of prevention tools on the market
Authorship
N.R.C.
Master in Aquaculture
N.R.C.
Master in Aquaculture
Defense date
02.02.2024 09:30
02.02.2024 09:30
Summary
The work consists of an exhaustive bibliographic review focused on the main pathologies that affect turbot and sole aquaculture in the region of Galicia. This process involved the collection and analysis of updated scientific literature on diseases, prevalence, geographic distributions, susceptible temperatures, ages most affected, mortalities, and prevention and control measures. At this point, the tools and prevention strategies for the specific pathologies studied were identified and the need to increase these measures was confirmed. Likewise, vaccination is evaluated and a differentiation is made between commercial vaccines and autovaccines.
The work consists of an exhaustive bibliographic review focused on the main pathologies that affect turbot and sole aquaculture in the region of Galicia. This process involved the collection and analysis of updated scientific literature on diseases, prevalence, geographic distributions, susceptible temperatures, ages most affected, mortalities, and prevention and control measures. At this point, the tools and prevention strategies for the specific pathologies studied were identified and the need to increase these measures was confirmed. Likewise, vaccination is evaluated and a differentiation is made between commercial vaccines and autovaccines.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
Turbot fattening (Psetta maxima) at the Lira plant, Stolt Sea Farm.
Authorship
M.R.R.
Master in Aquaculture
M.R.R.
Master in Aquaculture
Defense date
06.18.2024 10:00
06.18.2024 10:00
Summary
The plant in which I have done the practices is in Lira (Carnota). The farm is dedicated to the production of turbot fattening, in the reception of the fry to commercial size. The fattening plant is divided into the following areas according to the cultivation phase: nursery (the Lira farm has two: Nursery large and Nursery small), pressing (6m and Group 2) and fattening (Group 1 and Group 3). It uses an open circuit system. During my stay I was able to develop skills in relation to the different departments of the plant to carry out routine tasks for the proper functioning of the farm. Mainly, the animal welfare department is responsible for the sanitary control of the plant and preventive measures based on the diagnosis of diseases. The Department of Food and Health is responsible for the removal of casualties, food control, etc. Finally, the production department is responsible for production-related activities. The main objectives of these practices are to gain skills in the workplace and put into practice the knowledge acquired in the master’s degree on the technical characteristics and operation of a cultivation facility.
The plant in which I have done the practices is in Lira (Carnota). The farm is dedicated to the production of turbot fattening, in the reception of the fry to commercial size. The fattening plant is divided into the following areas according to the cultivation phase: nursery (the Lira farm has two: Nursery large and Nursery small), pressing (6m and Group 2) and fattening (Group 1 and Group 3). It uses an open circuit system. During my stay I was able to develop skills in relation to the different departments of the plant to carry out routine tasks for the proper functioning of the farm. Mainly, the animal welfare department is responsible for the sanitary control of the plant and preventive measures based on the diagnosis of diseases. The Department of Food and Health is responsible for the removal of casualties, food control, etc. Finally, the production department is responsible for production-related activities. The main objectives of these practices are to gain skills in the workplace and put into practice the knowledge acquired in the master’s degree on the technical characteristics and operation of a cultivation facility.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Castaño Varela, Iria (Co-tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Castaño Varela, Iria (Co-tutorships)
Court
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
LAMAS FERNANDEZ, JESUS (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
Production of marine species from Galicia at CETGA
Authorship
D.R.L.
Master in Aquaculture
D.R.L.
Master in Aquaculture
Defense date
02.02.2024 09:30
02.02.2024 09:30
Summary
This TFM describes the facilities, procedures and techniques carried out during my internship at CETGA. These facilities are dedicated to research, improvement of production procedures and control of health and growth problems of species, they have everything necessary to reproduce the production process of different species. The pilot plant has a water circuit created from the collection of sea water. In addition, it has different rooms to carry out all the necessary procedures for the Hatchery (microalgae, rotifer, brine shrimp and larvae) and for subsequent fattening. The work also exposes the species grown in Spain and Galicia, their specific weight, percentage and turnover in the global market, and highlights the importance of optimizing and improving this market to protect and alleviate the burden. on the biodiversity of extractive fishing.
This TFM describes the facilities, procedures and techniques carried out during my internship at CETGA. These facilities are dedicated to research, improvement of production procedures and control of health and growth problems of species, they have everything necessary to reproduce the production process of different species. The pilot plant has a water circuit created from the collection of sea water. In addition, it has different rooms to carry out all the necessary procedures for the Hatchery (microalgae, rotifer, brine shrimp and larvae) and for subsequent fattening. The work also exposes the species grown in Spain and Galicia, their specific weight, percentage and turnover in the global market, and highlights the importance of optimizing and improving this market to protect and alleviate the burden. on the biodiversity of extractive fishing.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
Phycosem Marine Agronomy
Authorship
M.P.B.
Master in Aquaculture
M.P.B.
Master in Aquaculture
Defense date
02.02.2024 09:30
02.02.2024 09:30
Summary
This document presents the tasks carried out during the development of the internship of the Interuniversity Master in Aquaculture, including the maintenance of macroalgal crops of several species of current interest and participation in several projects developed in PHYCOSEM that focus on obtaining seed of Fucales (Himanthalia elongata) and Laminariales (Saccharina latissima and Laminaria ochroleuca) for industrial cultivation (S. latissima) or reintroduction or reinforcement of its natural populations (H. elongata and L. ochroleuca)
This document presents the tasks carried out during the development of the internship of the Interuniversity Master in Aquaculture, including the maintenance of macroalgal crops of several species of current interest and participation in several projects developed in PHYCOSEM that focus on obtaining seed of Fucales (Himanthalia elongata) and Laminariales (Saccharina latissima and Laminaria ochroleuca) for industrial cultivation (S. latissima) or reintroduction or reinforcement of its natural populations (H. elongata and L. ochroleuca)
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Cremades Ugarte, Javier (Co-tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Cremades Ugarte, Javier (Co-tutorships)
Court
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
Development of a direct sandwich ELISA for the detection of LH in the plasma of meagre (Argyrosomus regius)
Authorship
B.G.
Master in Aquaculture
B.G.
Master in Aquaculture
Defense date
02.02.2024 09:30
02.02.2024 09:30
Summary
The meagre (Argyrosomus regius) is a teleost fish species inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean. In recent years, the interest of the aquaculture industry in this species has been increasing due to its high demand in the market driven by the growing acceptance among consumers. Despite efforts in the domestication of this species, the reproductive cycle of meagre in captivity continues to pose a challenge, especially in the final stages of vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis. Although hormones are successfully used to address reproductive dysfunctions, it is crucial to deepen our understanding of the reproductive physiology of this species to achieve spontaneous reproduction and increase the production of fertilized eggs to meet the industry demand. In this study, the experimental process leading to the development of a direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a sensitivity of 30 pg/mL for detecting luteinizing hormone levels (raLH) in meagre plasma samples is detailed. This advancement represents a significant step toward understanding and effectively controlling meagre reproduction in captivity, opening new perspectives for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
The meagre (Argyrosomus regius) is a teleost fish species inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean. In recent years, the interest of the aquaculture industry in this species has been increasing due to its high demand in the market driven by the growing acceptance among consumers. Despite efforts in the domestication of this species, the reproductive cycle of meagre in captivity continues to pose a challenge, especially in the final stages of vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis. Although hormones are successfully used to address reproductive dysfunctions, it is crucial to deepen our understanding of the reproductive physiology of this species to achieve spontaneous reproduction and increase the production of fertilized eggs to meet the industry demand. In this study, the experimental process leading to the development of a direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a sensitivity of 30 pg/mL for detecting luteinizing hormone levels (raLH) in meagre plasma samples is detailed. This advancement represents a significant step toward understanding and effectively controlling meagre reproduction in captivity, opening new perspectives for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Gimenez Nebot, Ignacio (Co-tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Gimenez Nebot, Ignacio (Co-tutorships)
Court
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Member)
Polyphasic analysis of the main causal agents of lactococcosis
Authorship
E.C.C.
Master in Aquaculture
E.C.C.
Master in Aquaculture
Defense date
02.02.2024 09:30
02.02.2024 09:30
Summary
In this work, the taxonomic characterization of Lactococcus strains isolated from cultured fish has been carried out using microbiological, genetic, and proteomic methods. Conventional microbiological methods, the Rapid ID 32 Strept system, and antimicrobial sensitivity analysis were employed for phenotypic identification. Taxonomic position was confirmed by amplifying bacterial DNA through conventional and real-time PCR using species-specific primers, and analyzing cellular proteins through electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Phenotypic characterization results confirmed the affiliation of the isolates to the Lactococcus genus, with presumptive identification and inclusion within the species L. garvieae (8 isolates) and L. petauri (12 isolates). All strains under study were found to be sensitive to Florfenicol and Ciprofloxacin. Genetic characterization confirmed the taxonomic position of the isolates within the L. garvieae and L. petauri species, but MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis identified all isolates as L. garvieae. Analysis of the cellular envelope proteins demonstrated that isolates from both species exhibit a similar protein profile.
In this work, the taxonomic characterization of Lactococcus strains isolated from cultured fish has been carried out using microbiological, genetic, and proteomic methods. Conventional microbiological methods, the Rapid ID 32 Strept system, and antimicrobial sensitivity analysis were employed for phenotypic identification. Taxonomic position was confirmed by amplifying bacterial DNA through conventional and real-time PCR using species-specific primers, and analyzing cellular proteins through electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Phenotypic characterization results confirmed the affiliation of the isolates to the Lactococcus genus, with presumptive identification and inclusion within the species L. garvieae (8 isolates) and L. petauri (12 isolates). All strains under study were found to be sensitive to Florfenicol and Ciprofloxacin. Genetic characterization confirmed the taxonomic position of the isolates within the L. garvieae and L. petauri species, but MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis identified all isolates as L. garvieae. Analysis of the cellular envelope proteins demonstrated that isolates from both species exhibit a similar protein profile.
Direction
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
SANTOS RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
PEREIRA DOPAZO, CARLOS (Chairman)
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Secretary)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
Validation of a business model in consultancy specialising in food waste management in the hotel and catering sectors
Authorship
C.L.L.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
C.L.L.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
Defense date
06.28.2024 09:15
06.28.2024 09:15
Summary
Food loss and waste is a critical issue, and its magnitude has highly increased worldwide in recent years. This problem affects all steps of the food chain, and has negative repercussions at a social, economic and environmental level, the latter due to greenhouse gas emissions and the inefficient use of natural resources. “Revaloriza Gourmet” arises as a business initiative that aims to give solutions to reduce the impact of this problem by providing a consulting service to restaurant establishments specialized in food waste management. By developing sustainable solutions for this issue, this project can tap into the growing market demand for food waste options. Moreover, by including good food waste practices, the restaurants not only may increase their economic benefits and competitiveness but also may reduce their carbon footprint, contributing to minimize the effects of climate change. To validate this business idea, a survey was carried out among potential clients to analyse the origin of their food losses and actual management practices. The results of this survey highlighted the need that the restaurants must implements new practices to reduce food loss. According to the data collected, “Revaloriza Gourmet” could provide a scalable and cost-effective solution and have a long-term growth
Food loss and waste is a critical issue, and its magnitude has highly increased worldwide in recent years. This problem affects all steps of the food chain, and has negative repercussions at a social, economic and environmental level, the latter due to greenhouse gas emissions and the inefficient use of natural resources. “Revaloriza Gourmet” arises as a business initiative that aims to give solutions to reduce the impact of this problem by providing a consulting service to restaurant establishments specialized in food waste management. By developing sustainable solutions for this issue, this project can tap into the growing market demand for food waste options. Moreover, by including good food waste practices, the restaurants not only may increase their economic benefits and competitiveness but also may reduce their carbon footprint, contributing to minimize the effects of climate change. To validate this business idea, a survey was carried out among potential clients to analyse the origin of their food losses and actual management practices. The results of this survey highlighted the need that the restaurants must implements new practices to reduce food loss. According to the data collected, “Revaloriza Gourmet” could provide a scalable and cost-effective solution and have a long-term growth
Direction
Álvarez Jiménez, Maruxa (Tutorships)
Álvarez Jiménez, Maruxa (Tutorships)
Court
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ GONZALEZ, MARCOS ANDRES (Member)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ GONZALEZ, MARCOS ANDRES (Member)
Biotic and abiotic factors affecting the abundance of the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Santiago de Compostela.
Authorship
A.L.S.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
A.L.S.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
Defense date
09.13.2024 09:30
09.13.2024 09:30
Summary
Evolution over 3.5 billion years has given rise to immense biodiversity, but uncontrolled human growth is causing the accelerated extinction of species. This Sixth Extinction driven by urbanization, habitat fragmentation, pollution, and overexploitation, threatens ecosystems and the essential services they provide to humans. Nevertheless, cities can become Anthropocene shelters, offering diverse habitats that promote greater biodiversity compared to agricultural areas. These spaces also benefit certain species by reducing interactions with other species and providing abundant resources. While many species suffer from urbanization, others adapt, such as the house sparrow (Passer domesticus), which thrives due to the availability of resources provided by humans. In this context, the present study was conducted in the city of Santiago de Compostela with the aim of identifying biotic and abiotic factors affecting the abundance of house sparrows in the city. To this end, the study area was divided into three strata: the historic district, characterized by narrow streets and old buildings; the expansion district, a transitional zone between the old town and more modern areas; and the peripheral area, predominantly residential, with a greater presence of green spaces. Sampling was carried out between March and May, using 120 listening stations (LS) of 5 minutes each, randomly distributed across the aforementioned strata. To analyze the effect of the 18 biotic and abiotic variables measured in the field on species abundance, generalized linear models (GLM) with a Poisson distribution and link log were used. Regarding the structure of the house sparrow community in the city, the species reached higher density in the peripheral area, where there are more green spaces and fewer infrastructures, while in the expansion area, with fewer such spaces and more disturbances, its presence was lower. The presence of trash bins, the number of cats, and the vegetation cover at the stations were the most relevant factors influencing the abundance of house sparrows. The presence of old buildings also had an effect close to being significant. The abundance of house sparrows was positively influenced by the presence of trash bins and vegetation cover at the LS, while the number of cats (Felis catus) had a negative impact. These results highlight the importance of green spaces and habitat heterogeneity for maintaining urban biodiversity. Additionally, the negative effect of cats on this highly adaptable species underscores the threat they pose to rarer and less adaptable species.
Evolution over 3.5 billion years has given rise to immense biodiversity, but uncontrolled human growth is causing the accelerated extinction of species. This Sixth Extinction driven by urbanization, habitat fragmentation, pollution, and overexploitation, threatens ecosystems and the essential services they provide to humans. Nevertheless, cities can become Anthropocene shelters, offering diverse habitats that promote greater biodiversity compared to agricultural areas. These spaces also benefit certain species by reducing interactions with other species and providing abundant resources. While many species suffer from urbanization, others adapt, such as the house sparrow (Passer domesticus), which thrives due to the availability of resources provided by humans. In this context, the present study was conducted in the city of Santiago de Compostela with the aim of identifying biotic and abiotic factors affecting the abundance of house sparrows in the city. To this end, the study area was divided into three strata: the historic district, characterized by narrow streets and old buildings; the expansion district, a transitional zone between the old town and more modern areas; and the peripheral area, predominantly residential, with a greater presence of green spaces. Sampling was carried out between March and May, using 120 listening stations (LS) of 5 minutes each, randomly distributed across the aforementioned strata. To analyze the effect of the 18 biotic and abiotic variables measured in the field on species abundance, generalized linear models (GLM) with a Poisson distribution and link log were used. Regarding the structure of the house sparrow community in the city, the species reached higher density in the peripheral area, where there are more green spaces and fewer infrastructures, while in the expansion area, with fewer such spaces and more disturbances, its presence was lower. The presence of trash bins, the number of cats, and the vegetation cover at the stations were the most relevant factors influencing the abundance of house sparrows. The presence of old buildings also had an effect close to being significant. The abundance of house sparrows was positively influenced by the presence of trash bins and vegetation cover at the LS, while the number of cats (Felis catus) had a negative impact. These results highlight the importance of green spaces and habitat heterogeneity for maintaining urban biodiversity. Additionally, the negative effect of cats on this highly adaptable species underscores the threat they pose to rarer and less adaptable species.
Direction
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Court
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Secretary)
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Member)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Secretary)
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Member)
Evaluation of LIFE projects over the years and their contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Authorship
U.D.G.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
U.D.G.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
Defense date
03.01.2024 10:00
03.01.2024 10:00
Summary
Since its creation in 1992, the LIFE programme has been established as the only European funding programme exclusively dedicated to finance activities focused on environmental and climate goals. It aims at building an ecologically sustainable future through the solution to environmental challenges, resources efficiency, nature protection and conservation, etc. The adaptations and improvements that had been carried out through the different calls for proposals of the programme from the beginning to present days show the necessity to adapt to future changes, as well as the urgency in taking and applying more effective and ambitious measures in the areas of action, which in this case, and according to the results of this essay, the LIFE programme leaves more un protected, such as: “Invasive species”, “Coastal waters”, “Soil” and “Continental waters”. On the other hand, the new challenges facing society have left their mark on the LIFE programme through the introduction of two categories, “Climate Action” and “Clean Energy Transition”, both have a long-term approach, and its importance is growing. In the last years included in this study (2016-2022), the LIFE programme has also been established as a fundamental tool to support and contribute to sustainable development and the achievement of the 2030 Agenda goals and in particular the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Taking this into consideration, and in view of the results obtained in this essay, the aims of the projects and the targets set by the SDGs are only in line with each other in the area of “Climate Action”, which is the only one that shows a slight positive trend in the number of projects executed per year during the period of validity of the SDGs, leaving the rest of the areas of action relegated to a second place and showing a negative trend in the number of funded projects, which is translated into a low contribution of the LIFE programme to the 2030 Agenda SDGs.
Since its creation in 1992, the LIFE programme has been established as the only European funding programme exclusively dedicated to finance activities focused on environmental and climate goals. It aims at building an ecologically sustainable future through the solution to environmental challenges, resources efficiency, nature protection and conservation, etc. The adaptations and improvements that had been carried out through the different calls for proposals of the programme from the beginning to present days show the necessity to adapt to future changes, as well as the urgency in taking and applying more effective and ambitious measures in the areas of action, which in this case, and according to the results of this essay, the LIFE programme leaves more un protected, such as: “Invasive species”, “Coastal waters”, “Soil” and “Continental waters”. On the other hand, the new challenges facing society have left their mark on the LIFE programme through the introduction of two categories, “Climate Action” and “Clean Energy Transition”, both have a long-term approach, and its importance is growing. In the last years included in this study (2016-2022), the LIFE programme has also been established as a fundamental tool to support and contribute to sustainable development and the achievement of the 2030 Agenda goals and in particular the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Taking this into consideration, and in view of the results obtained in this essay, the aims of the projects and the targets set by the SDGs are only in line with each other in the area of “Climate Action”, which is the only one that shows a slight positive trend in the number of projects executed per year during the period of validity of the SDGs, leaving the rest of the areas of action relegated to a second place and showing a negative trend in the number of funded projects, which is translated into a low contribution of the LIFE programme to the 2030 Agenda SDGs.
Direction
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Tutorships)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Tutorships)
Court
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Secretary)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Member)
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Secretary)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Member)
Vegetation regeneration after fire in three widely represented ecosystems of the Ancares-Courel LIC in the short and long term
Authorship
C.V.R.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
C.V.R.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
Defense date
06.28.2024 09:15
06.28.2024 09:15
Summary
Fire is one of the major disturbances affecting ecosystems in many parts of the world. Therefore, it is vital to study the extent to which these ecosystems can recover after such disturbances, that is, how resilient they are to forest fires, and what consequences fire has for them. To this end, the present study evaluated and compared the regeneration state of vegetation structures in Erica australis L. ecosystems, Pinus pinaster Aiton plantations, and atlantic deciduous forests dominated by Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Castanea sativa L., three ecosystems widely represented in the Galician territory. All three were affected by the 2006 fire in the Serra de Ancares and the 2022 fire in the Serra do Courel. The study involved sampling 15 stands of each ecosystem (5 control, 5 burned in the short term, and 5 burned in the long term), 45 in total, where were conducted analyses of the vegetation structure and the alpha richness of total, herbaceous and woody species. Additionally, there are species that, after fire, can leave seed banks in the soil, whose germination is crucial for the recovery of the ecosystems where they are found. These seeds are affected by fire-related factors, which can either stimulate or inhibit their germination. In this case, two species of the Erica genus present in all three ecosystems were studied: Erica arborea L. and Erica umbellata Loefl ex L. Their seeds were subjected to treatments of ash, charcoal, temperature and smoke, and their germination percentages and rates were subsequently determined. All ecosystems showed a capacity for regeneration; however, atlantic deciduous forest reestablished its structure the fastest. The upper strata had the most difficulty in recovering, whereas species richness showed significant changes over time in pine plantations and shrubland. The germination behavior of E. umbellata and E. arborea was very different, and their response to fires had both common and distinct patterns. No germination occurred in the presence of charcoal, high concentrations of ash, or high temperatures. Smoke, high temperatures, and low concentrations of ash stimulated the germination of E. umbellata but not E. arborea. In E. arborea, smoke, low concentrations of ash, and moderate temperatures did not alter germination, while the other factors caused partial or total inhibition of germination.
Fire is one of the major disturbances affecting ecosystems in many parts of the world. Therefore, it is vital to study the extent to which these ecosystems can recover after such disturbances, that is, how resilient they are to forest fires, and what consequences fire has for them. To this end, the present study evaluated and compared the regeneration state of vegetation structures in Erica australis L. ecosystems, Pinus pinaster Aiton plantations, and atlantic deciduous forests dominated by Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Castanea sativa L., three ecosystems widely represented in the Galician territory. All three were affected by the 2006 fire in the Serra de Ancares and the 2022 fire in the Serra do Courel. The study involved sampling 15 stands of each ecosystem (5 control, 5 burned in the short term, and 5 burned in the long term), 45 in total, where were conducted analyses of the vegetation structure and the alpha richness of total, herbaceous and woody species. Additionally, there are species that, after fire, can leave seed banks in the soil, whose germination is crucial for the recovery of the ecosystems where they are found. These seeds are affected by fire-related factors, which can either stimulate or inhibit their germination. In this case, two species of the Erica genus present in all three ecosystems were studied: Erica arborea L. and Erica umbellata Loefl ex L. Their seeds were subjected to treatments of ash, charcoal, temperature and smoke, and their germination percentages and rates were subsequently determined. All ecosystems showed a capacity for regeneration; however, atlantic deciduous forest reestablished its structure the fastest. The upper strata had the most difficulty in recovering, whereas species richness showed significant changes over time in pine plantations and shrubland. The germination behavior of E. umbellata and E. arborea was very different, and their response to fires had both common and distinct patterns. No germination occurred in the presence of charcoal, high concentrations of ash, or high temperatures. Smoke, high temperatures, and low concentrations of ash stimulated the germination of E. umbellata but not E. arborea. In E. arborea, smoke, low concentrations of ash, and moderate temperatures did not alter germination, while the other factors caused partial or total inhibition of germination.
Direction
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Tutorships)
Cruz de la Fuente, Óscar (Co-tutorships)
REYES FERREIRA, OTILIA (Tutorships)
Cruz de la Fuente, Óscar (Co-tutorships)
Court
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ GONZALEZ, MARCOS ANDRES (Member)
BARRAL SILVA, MARIA TERESA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, CAROLA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ GONZALEZ, MARCOS ANDRES (Member)
Impact of the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) on two environmentally significant species (Corema album and Armeria pungens) in the Atlantic Islands Maritime-Terrestrial National Park (NW Spain)
Authorship
O.R.H.C.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
O.R.H.C.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
Defense date
09.13.2024 09:30
09.13.2024 09:30
Summary
This study was conducted in the archipelago of the Cíes Islands, within the Atlantic Islands National Park. This archipelago was once home to one of the largest colonies of yellow-legged gulls, which are now in sharp decline throughout the National Park. This colony was originally located on the cliffs of the islands, but today a significant portion has moved to the beach and dune areas. One of these new nesting sites is the colony at Punta Muxeiro on the island of Monteagudo. In this dune complex, around 187 pairs of gulls are currently nesting, but this dune system is also home to one of the best populations of Corema album in Galicia and one of only two populations of Armeria pungens. Seabird colonies, wherever they settle, induce substantial changes in plant communities, leading to the replacement of native species with ruderal ones and a loss of biodiversity. The present study aims to evaluate the potential impact of these new gull colonies on these two species. To this end, the use of plant material in the construction of eight Larus michahellis nests was characterized, and several biometric parameters (height, perimeter, maximum diameter, and minimum diameter) of 12 C. album and 6 A. pungens individuals were compared between 2017 and 2024. The results showed that the material used for nest construction did not include parts of Corema album but did include small amounts of Armeria pungens. For Corema album, there were significant differences between the two years in all biometric variables, showing growth. For Armeria pungens, the biometric variables showed no significant differences, but a clear decline was observed in 2024, with 66.7% of individuals lost. It is urgently recommended to further investigate the impact of the Larus michahellis colony on the Armeria pungens population in the Cíes Islands to develop management and conservation plans.
This study was conducted in the archipelago of the Cíes Islands, within the Atlantic Islands National Park. This archipelago was once home to one of the largest colonies of yellow-legged gulls, which are now in sharp decline throughout the National Park. This colony was originally located on the cliffs of the islands, but today a significant portion has moved to the beach and dune areas. One of these new nesting sites is the colony at Punta Muxeiro on the island of Monteagudo. In this dune complex, around 187 pairs of gulls are currently nesting, but this dune system is also home to one of the best populations of Corema album in Galicia and one of only two populations of Armeria pungens. Seabird colonies, wherever they settle, induce substantial changes in plant communities, leading to the replacement of native species with ruderal ones and a loss of biodiversity. The present study aims to evaluate the potential impact of these new gull colonies on these two species. To this end, the use of plant material in the construction of eight Larus michahellis nests was characterized, and several biometric parameters (height, perimeter, maximum diameter, and minimum diameter) of 12 C. album and 6 A. pungens individuals were compared between 2017 and 2024. The results showed that the material used for nest construction did not include parts of Corema album but did include small amounts of Armeria pungens. For Corema album, there were significant differences between the two years in all biometric variables, showing growth. For Armeria pungens, the biometric variables showed no significant differences, but a clear decline was observed in 2024, with 66.7% of individuals lost. It is urgently recommended to further investigate the impact of the Larus michahellis colony on the Armeria pungens population in the Cíes Islands to develop management and conservation plans.
Direction
OTERO PEREZ, XOSE LOIS (Tutorships)
OTERO PEREZ, XOSE LOIS (Tutorships)
Court
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Secretary)
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Member)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Secretary)
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Member)
Population changes in the testate amoebas of the Ocelo small lake (Pena Trevinca) during Late Holocene
Authorship
I.L.R.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
I.L.R.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
Defense date
09.13.2024 09:30
09.13.2024 09:30
Summary
In this study, the testate amoeba communities from sedimentary samples of core OCE21-3GA, extracted from Ocelo small pond (Pena Trevinca, Spain), have been analyzed. In total, 759 specimens were counted and 59 taxa identified (45 at the species level) in the 8 samples examined, covering the last 1144 years. A stratigraphic diagram was created to visualize testate amoeba abundances and values of abiotic parameters (%C, %N, and the CN ratio) throughout the record, in relation to the main climatic periods (Medieval Climate Anomaly, Transition, Little Ice Age, and Industrial Period) encompassed by the generated age model. Also, the relationship between these parameters was statistically assessed using the correlation test (Spearman’s coefficient), and the diversity of testate amoebae at each level was evaluated using the Shannon diversity index for each of the studied depth levels. The analyses revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between the total abundance of testate amoebae and the percentage of carbon and nitrogen in the sediment, which increased during the Industrial Period (1850 CE - Present) and was interpreted as a rise in eutrophication. The testate amoeba taxa respond differently to increasing eutrophication, ranging from highly sensitive to very tolerant taxa, making them a group of great interest for paleolimnological inferences regarding the trophic status of the lake in lacustrine ecosystems, likely linked to climatic conditions, as Lake Ocelo is a lacustrine ecosystem with minimal human impact. However, there are limitations due to the lack of previous studies on the diversity and ecology of testate amoebae in Iberian lakes, highlighting the need for further studies, with higher resolution, on the ecological requirements of the different species.
In this study, the testate amoeba communities from sedimentary samples of core OCE21-3GA, extracted from Ocelo small pond (Pena Trevinca, Spain), have been analyzed. In total, 759 specimens were counted and 59 taxa identified (45 at the species level) in the 8 samples examined, covering the last 1144 years. A stratigraphic diagram was created to visualize testate amoeba abundances and values of abiotic parameters (%C, %N, and the CN ratio) throughout the record, in relation to the main climatic periods (Medieval Climate Anomaly, Transition, Little Ice Age, and Industrial Period) encompassed by the generated age model. Also, the relationship between these parameters was statistically assessed using the correlation test (Spearman’s coefficient), and the diversity of testate amoebae at each level was evaluated using the Shannon diversity index for each of the studied depth levels. The analyses revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between the total abundance of testate amoebae and the percentage of carbon and nitrogen in the sediment, which increased during the Industrial Period (1850 CE - Present) and was interpreted as a rise in eutrophication. The testate amoeba taxa respond differently to increasing eutrophication, ranging from highly sensitive to very tolerant taxa, making them a group of great interest for paleolimnological inferences regarding the trophic status of the lake in lacustrine ecosystems, likely linked to climatic conditions, as Lake Ocelo is a lacustrine ecosystem with minimal human impact. However, there are limitations due to the lack of previous studies on the diversity and ecology of testate amoebae in Iberian lakes, highlighting the need for further studies, with higher resolution, on the ecological requirements of the different species.
Direction
PONTEVEDRA POMBAL, FRANCISCO XABIER (Tutorships)
CARBALLEIRA COEGO, AMABLE RAFAEL (Co-tutorships)
PONTEVEDRA POMBAL, FRANCISCO XABIER (Tutorships)
CARBALLEIRA COEGO, AMABLE RAFAEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Secretary)
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Member)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Secretary)
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Member)
Metaanalysis of the Pollination Efficiency of Beetles Compared to Other Pollinator Groups
Authorship
A.M.L.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
A.M.L.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
Defense date
09.13.2024 09:30
09.13.2024 09:30
Summary
In this study, a metaanalysis was conducted to determine whether beetles are efficient pollinators compared to other groups of pollinators. A literature search was performed using the Web of Science and Google Scholar portals to gather all available information on the subject. A total of 21 articles met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Once the database was constructed, a metaanalysis was carried out, analysing the efficiency of the best beetle compared to the efficiency of the best non-beetle pollinator (PME) and the average pollinator (PP) for each combination of paper and plant species. For each group of comparisons, effect sizes were calculated using Hedges' g as a measure. Based on these data, several models were constructed for each group of comparisons: a model that includes only the intercept, another that includes latitude as a covariate, another that includes the order of the non-beetle pollinator as factor, and another that includes both latitude and order. After analysing the results, it was observed that beetles are not different from other pollinators in terms of efficiency, neither in PME nor in PP comparisons. When analysing the effect of latitude, we observed that it has a negative effect, meaning that as latitude increases, beetle efficiency decreases compared to other groups in both PME and PP comparisons. Regarding the effect of pollinator order, we observed that the effect varies depending on the order being evaluated. In the case of dipterans and hymenopterans, beetles were found to be equally efficient. However, in the case of lepidopterans and thrips, beetles were more efficient than these groups. Finally, when examining the forest plots, it was observed that studies conducted in tropical and subtropical regions tend to show higher beetle efficiency compared to other groups, supporting the evidence of the importance of beetles in pollination in these areas of the planet. Additionally, there are several cases where very high effect sizes correspond to studies involving plant species with highly specialized pollination systems, highlighting the importance of beetles in these systems.
In this study, a metaanalysis was conducted to determine whether beetles are efficient pollinators compared to other groups of pollinators. A literature search was performed using the Web of Science and Google Scholar portals to gather all available information on the subject. A total of 21 articles met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Once the database was constructed, a metaanalysis was carried out, analysing the efficiency of the best beetle compared to the efficiency of the best non-beetle pollinator (PME) and the average pollinator (PP) for each combination of paper and plant species. For each group of comparisons, effect sizes were calculated using Hedges' g as a measure. Based on these data, several models were constructed for each group of comparisons: a model that includes only the intercept, another that includes latitude as a covariate, another that includes the order of the non-beetle pollinator as factor, and another that includes both latitude and order. After analysing the results, it was observed that beetles are not different from other pollinators in terms of efficiency, neither in PME nor in PP comparisons. When analysing the effect of latitude, we observed that it has a negative effect, meaning that as latitude increases, beetle efficiency decreases compared to other groups in both PME and PP comparisons. Regarding the effect of pollinator order, we observed that the effect varies depending on the order being evaluated. In the case of dipterans and hymenopterans, beetles were found to be equally efficient. However, in the case of lepidopterans and thrips, beetles were more efficient than these groups. Finally, when examining the forest plots, it was observed that studies conducted in tropical and subtropical regions tend to show higher beetle efficiency compared to other groups, supporting the evidence of the importance of beetles in pollination in these areas of the planet. Additionally, there are several cases where very high effect sizes correspond to studies involving plant species with highly specialized pollination systems, highlighting the importance of beetles in these systems.
Direction
Cordero Rivera, Adolfo (Tutorships)
Cordero Rivera, Adolfo (Tutorships)
Court
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Secretary)
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Member)
IGLESIAS PIÑEIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
VARELA RIO, ZULEMA (Secretary)
SERRANO PEREZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Member)
Characterization of Shared Genetic Susceptibility Between Metabolic Traits and Alcohol Use Disorders Through the Identification of Latent Factors
Authorship
R.P.R.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
R.P.R.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
Defense date
07.19.2024 16:00
07.19.2024 16:00
Summary
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a psychiatric disorder that has significant social and health consequences. Multiple studies have demonstrated the relationship between this disorder and alterations in metabolism, as well as the development of various diseases. With the aim of characterizing the shared genetic susceptibility between AUD and phenotypes, data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with European population samples were analyzed. This analysis was conducted using a technique previously employed by other authors, which involves the creation of a matrix where the columns correspond to phenotypes and the rows correspond to the effects of each phenotype on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The analysis involves obtaining the principal components (PC) of the matrix and characterizing the PCs (latent factors) through enrichment analysis in gene sets associated with a biological function, using Gene Ontology. Previously, the SNPs were mapped to genes using Open Target Genetics. Our results showed, regarding the PCs, that PC2 differentiates metabolic traits related to alcohol, tobacco, and metabolism, that PC5 is very positively associated with alcohol dependence (AD), and that PC6 is positively associated with AD and metabolic traits. The results also showed PCs enriched in genes related to alcohol metabolism, brain reward pathways, the immune system, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Among the genes related to PC5, ADH7 is directly related to ethanol metabolism, and DBH is related to the dopaminergic reward system. Among the genes related to PC6, GCKR indirectly regulates sugar consumption and dietary macronutrient preference. The results obtained demonstrated the validity of the technique used and allowed the identification of a PC related to AUD and metabolic traits, supporting our hypothesis of the existence of a relationship between AUD and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a psychiatric disorder that has significant social and health consequences. Multiple studies have demonstrated the relationship between this disorder and alterations in metabolism, as well as the development of various diseases. With the aim of characterizing the shared genetic susceptibility between AUD and phenotypes, data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with European population samples were analyzed. This analysis was conducted using a technique previously employed by other authors, which involves the creation of a matrix where the columns correspond to phenotypes and the rows correspond to the effects of each phenotype on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The analysis involves obtaining the principal components (PC) of the matrix and characterizing the PCs (latent factors) through enrichment analysis in gene sets associated with a biological function, using Gene Ontology. Previously, the SNPs were mapped to genes using Open Target Genetics. Our results showed, regarding the PCs, that PC2 differentiates metabolic traits related to alcohol, tobacco, and metabolism, that PC5 is very positively associated with alcohol dependence (AD), and that PC6 is positively associated with AD and metabolic traits. The results also showed PCs enriched in genes related to alcohol metabolism, brain reward pathways, the immune system, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Among the genes related to PC5, ADH7 is directly related to ethanol metabolism, and DBH is related to the dopaminergic reward system. Among the genes related to PC6, GCKR indirectly regulates sugar consumption and dietary macronutrient preference. The results obtained demonstrated the validity of the technique used and allowed the identification of a PC related to AUD and metabolic traits, supporting our hypothesis of the existence of a relationship between AUD and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
Direction
ARROJO ROMERO, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Costas Costas, Javier (Co-tutorships)
ARROJO ROMERO, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Costas Costas, Javier (Co-tutorships)
Court
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Chairman)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Chairman)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Secretary)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Member)
Effect of the application of five biochars from different raw materials on the fractionation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in a mine soil
Authorship
R.P.M.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
R.P.M.
Master in Terrestrial biodiversity: characterization, conservation and management
Defense date
03.01.2024 10:00
03.01.2024 10:00
Summary
Remediating soils contaminated by Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) through the reduction of their bioavailability is a crucial task for improving soil quality and safeguarding environmental health. Biochar is a carbon-rich organic material produced through biomass pyrolysis. It exhibits high surface area and porosity, allowing it to adsorb and retain PTEs, making it a suitable material for soil remediation. Its properties may vary depending on temperature, raw materials, and the pyrolysis process. In this context, the ability to decrease the bioavailability of Cu, Zn, and Pb in a mine contaminated soil was studied by applying six biochars made from different raw materials: fish farm sludge, Ulex europaeus, random sample of algae, Cortaderia selloana, corn Straw (Zea mays), and pine chips (Pinus sp.), all subjected to a temperature of 400ºC. Sequential extraction of Cu, Pb, and Zn was performed on a mine soil treated with various biochars made from different raw materials at a constant temperature. The results highlight that the raw material influences the characteristics of the biochar. The bioavailability of Copper and Lead decreases with the addition of biochar, primarily with fish farm sludge biochar for Cu, and algae biochar for Pb. The mobility factor of Copper and Lead has been reduced in all soils treated with biochar except for the soil treated with pine biochar.
Remediating soils contaminated by Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) through the reduction of their bioavailability is a crucial task for improving soil quality and safeguarding environmental health. Biochar is a carbon-rich organic material produced through biomass pyrolysis. It exhibits high surface area and porosity, allowing it to adsorb and retain PTEs, making it a suitable material for soil remediation. Its properties may vary depending on temperature, raw materials, and the pyrolysis process. In this context, the ability to decrease the bioavailability of Cu, Zn, and Pb in a mine contaminated soil was studied by applying six biochars made from different raw materials: fish farm sludge, Ulex europaeus, random sample of algae, Cortaderia selloana, corn Straw (Zea mays), and pine chips (Pinus sp.), all subjected to a temperature of 400ºC. Sequential extraction of Cu, Pb, and Zn was performed on a mine soil treated with various biochars made from different raw materials at a constant temperature. The results highlight that the raw material influences the characteristics of the biochar. The bioavailability of Copper and Lead decreases with the addition of biochar, primarily with fish farm sludge biochar for Cu, and algae biochar for Pb. The mobility factor of Copper and Lead has been reduced in all soils treated with biochar except for the soil treated with pine biochar.
Direction
Sánchez Fernández, José María (Tutorships)
Fernández Covelo, Emma (Co-tutorships)
Sánchez Fernández, José María (Tutorships)
Fernández Covelo, Emma (Co-tutorships)
Court
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Secretary)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Member)
FERNANDEZ ESCRIBANO, JOSE ANGEL (Chairman)
LEIRA CAMPOS, ANTON MANOEL (Secretary)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Member)
Effect of the inhibition of Notch’s sinalization in the postnatal proliferation in shark’s retina.
Authorship
M.J.M.C.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
M.J.M.C.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
Defense date
07.19.2024 17:50
07.19.2024 17:50
Summary
The retina is widely used as a model for the study of nervous system development, due to its great experimental accessibility and its high neurogenic potential at postnatal stages. The elasmobranch fish Scyliorhinus canicula is becoming of great interest as a model for understanding the evolution of postnatal neurogenesis due to the phylogenetic position of cartilaginous fish. In recent studies by our group, a postnatal (juvenile) retinal atlas of S. canicula was generated by RNA sequencing of individual nuclei (snRNA-seq). In this atlas, different retinal cell types and the genes expressed by each of them were identified. In addition, proliferation in the retina of S. canicula is greatly reduced in adults compared to juveniles. This is associated with differential expression of genes involved in various signalling pathways, including genes of the Notch pathway. Despite the essential role of Notch in embryonic retinal development, its role in the postnatal retina is poorly studied. In this work, the expression of Notch pathway genes was analysed in specific populations of the snRNA-seq atlas of the juvenile retina. Many of the representative Notch pathway genes are primarily expressed in the two neurogenic niches: Müller glia and retinal progenitor cells. Furthermore, using total retinal RNA sequencing data, it was observed that these genes change in expression level between juvenile and adult, indicating that this signalling pathway may play a key role in postnatal neurogenesis. Based on these data and to further investigate the possible role of the Notch pathway in cell proliferation, pharmacological inhibition of Notch signalling was performed by intravitreal injection of DAPT in juveniles. These initial functional studies revealed no significant changes in mitotic cell number or proliferation between control and DAPT-treated eyes. However, after inhibition of Notch signalling, a decrease in mitotic activity is observed in the outer nuclear layer and an increase in the dorsal peripheral retina. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these trends and to further characterise the role of the Notch pathway in postnatal retinal neurogenesis.
The retina is widely used as a model for the study of nervous system development, due to its great experimental accessibility and its high neurogenic potential at postnatal stages. The elasmobranch fish Scyliorhinus canicula is becoming of great interest as a model for understanding the evolution of postnatal neurogenesis due to the phylogenetic position of cartilaginous fish. In recent studies by our group, a postnatal (juvenile) retinal atlas of S. canicula was generated by RNA sequencing of individual nuclei (snRNA-seq). In this atlas, different retinal cell types and the genes expressed by each of them were identified. In addition, proliferation in the retina of S. canicula is greatly reduced in adults compared to juveniles. This is associated with differential expression of genes involved in various signalling pathways, including genes of the Notch pathway. Despite the essential role of Notch in embryonic retinal development, its role in the postnatal retina is poorly studied. In this work, the expression of Notch pathway genes was analysed in specific populations of the snRNA-seq atlas of the juvenile retina. Many of the representative Notch pathway genes are primarily expressed in the two neurogenic niches: Müller glia and retinal progenitor cells. Furthermore, using total retinal RNA sequencing data, it was observed that these genes change in expression level between juvenile and adult, indicating that this signalling pathway may play a key role in postnatal neurogenesis. Based on these data and to further investigate the possible role of the Notch pathway in cell proliferation, pharmacological inhibition of Notch signalling was performed by intravitreal injection of DAPT in juveniles. These initial functional studies revealed no significant changes in mitotic cell number or proliferation between control and DAPT-treated eyes. However, after inhibition of Notch signalling, a decrease in mitotic activity is observed in the outer nuclear layer and an increase in the dorsal peripheral retina. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these trends and to further characterise the role of the Notch pathway in postnatal retinal neurogenesis.
Direction
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Tutorships)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Co-tutorships)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Tutorships)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Coordinator)
Pombal Diego, Manuel Ángel (Chairman)
Folgueira Otero, Mónica (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Coordinator)
Pombal Diego, Manuel Ángel (Chairman)
Folgueira Otero, Mónica (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Role of RNA binding proteins in malignant peripheric nerve sheat tumor (MPNST)
Authorship
S.M.F.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
S.M.F.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
Defense date
06.19.2024 12:00
06.19.2024 12:00
Summary
In the present work, I compile the results obtained during my stay with the Gene Regulatory Control in Disease research group (CiMus). Prior to my arrival, a differential RNA Interactome Capture experiment was carried out to identify RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) expressed in MPNSTs compared to non-malignant Schwann cells.. Candidate RBPs were then selected for silencing due to their significant enrichment in MPSNT samples. The selected genes were UBAP2L and DDX56. The aim of my work was to analyze how the silencing of these genes affects the development and growth of an MPNST in vitro. The following techniques were used: Western Blot, RT-qPCR, Foci, and luminescence assay to quantify ATP. The results of the experiments are consistent with the group's findings to date.
In the present work, I compile the results obtained during my stay with the Gene Regulatory Control in Disease research group (CiMus). Prior to my arrival, a differential RNA Interactome Capture experiment was carried out to identify RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) expressed in MPNSTs compared to non-malignant Schwann cells.. Candidate RBPs were then selected for silencing due to their significant enrichment in MPSNT samples. The selected genes were UBAP2L and DDX56. The aim of my work was to analyze how the silencing of these genes affects the development and growth of an MPNST in vitro. The following techniques were used: Western Blot, RT-qPCR, Foci, and luminescence assay to quantify ATP. The results of the experiments are consistent with the group's findings to date.
Direction
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Tutorships)
RIOBELLO SUAREZ, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Tutorships)
RIOBELLO SUAREZ, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Chairman)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
ADRIO FONDEVILA, MARIA FATIMA (Chairman)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
Development of in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease and the neuroprotective role of the BTdCPU compound
Authorship
M.R.A.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
M.R.A.
Máster Universitario en Neurociencia (2ª ed)
Defense date
02.16.2024 11:30
02.16.2024 11:30
Summary
Alzheimer's disease is the leading neurodegenerative disease and contributes to up to 70% of cases of dementia and cognitive dysfunction in the world. The classic pathophysiological features of Alzheimer's disease are extracellular amyloid (AB) plaques and intracellular tau plaques. These abnormal protein accumulations progress slowly and cause permanent stress on the endoplasmic reticulum and a subsequent maladaptive integrated cellular stress response. In this work we present the development of in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease through the use of protein aggregates of AB 1-42 and 1-40, both in cell cultures of endothelial cells and astrocytes, and in primary cultures of cortical neurons. Furthermore, we evaluated a possible protective role of HRI kinase through treatments with the compound BTdCPU, a specific activator of it. First, we evaluated the level of in vitro aggregation of AB peptides 1-42 and 1-40, as well as their absorption by the different cell types used. Using thioflavin T, we observed proper aggregation and subsequent cellular uptake of amyloid aggregates. Different concentrations of the compound BTdCPU in cell cultures exposed to amyloid revealed different results on cell viability: high concentrations of BTdCPU lead to a decrease in cell viability, while low concentrations, especially 0.1 uM, lead to an increase in viability cellular in all types of cells used. Treatment with C27, a specific inhibitor of HRI kinase, caused a significant decrease in cell viability, even in cells under basal conditions, without exposure to aggregates. All of this suggests an important role for HRI kinase, not only in stressful environments, but in the normal functioning of cells. Finally, we evaluated the gene expression of ATF4, CHOP, GADD34 and BiP genes by qPCR. We observed that treatment with 0.1 uM BTdCPU results in gene expression levels of ATF4, CHOP and GADD34 like cells not exposed to amyloid, while chaperone expression increases BiP. This work represents a proof of concept of the possible beneficial role of the BTdCPU compound, through the activation of the HRI kinase; being a future therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is the leading neurodegenerative disease and contributes to up to 70% of cases of dementia and cognitive dysfunction in the world. The classic pathophysiological features of Alzheimer's disease are extracellular amyloid (AB) plaques and intracellular tau plaques. These abnormal protein accumulations progress slowly and cause permanent stress on the endoplasmic reticulum and a subsequent maladaptive integrated cellular stress response. In this work we present the development of in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease through the use of protein aggregates of AB 1-42 and 1-40, both in cell cultures of endothelial cells and astrocytes, and in primary cultures of cortical neurons. Furthermore, we evaluated a possible protective role of HRI kinase through treatments with the compound BTdCPU, a specific activator of it. First, we evaluated the level of in vitro aggregation of AB peptides 1-42 and 1-40, as well as their absorption by the different cell types used. Using thioflavin T, we observed proper aggregation and subsequent cellular uptake of amyloid aggregates. Different concentrations of the compound BTdCPU in cell cultures exposed to amyloid revealed different results on cell viability: high concentrations of BTdCPU lead to a decrease in cell viability, while low concentrations, especially 0.1 uM, lead to an increase in viability cellular in all types of cells used. Treatment with C27, a specific inhibitor of HRI kinase, caused a significant decrease in cell viability, even in cells under basal conditions, without exposure to aggregates. All of this suggests an important role for HRI kinase, not only in stressful environments, but in the normal functioning of cells. Finally, we evaluated the gene expression of ATF4, CHOP, GADD34 and BiP genes by qPCR. We observed that treatment with 0.1 uM BTdCPU results in gene expression levels of ATF4, CHOP and GADD34 like cells not exposed to amyloid, while chaperone expression increases BiP. This work represents a proof of concept of the possible beneficial role of the BTdCPU compound, through the activation of the HRI kinase; being a future therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease
Direction
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Tutorships)
Sobrino Moreiras, Tomás (Co-tutorships)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Co-tutorships)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Tutorships)
Sobrino Moreiras, Tomás (Co-tutorships)
ROMAUS SANJURJO, DANIEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Chairman)
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
CANDAL SUAREZ, EVA MARIA (Chairman)
Woodhoo , Ashwin (Secretary)
BARREIRO IGLESIAS, ANTON (Member)
Review of the Mesozoic Oceanic Anoxic Events: T-OAE and C/T OAE
Authorship
P.L.F.
Master in Marine Biology
P.L.F.
Master in Marine Biology
Defense date
06.28.2024 09:00
06.28.2024 09:00
Summary
Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) are periods characterised by a significant reduction of available oxygen in the global ocean. Although several of them have been described throughout geological history, this paper focuses on the Toarcian (~183 Ma, Jurassic) and Cenomanian-Turonian (~93 Ma, Cretaceous) as they are the best known and most representative. Their study is crucial for understanding the Earth's history, as well as providing relevant information on ecosystem responses to environmental changes, such as global warming. Multidisciplinary research on these events allows for a better understanding of the mechanisms and consequences over geological time, and their application in understanding current climate dynamics. The Toarcian Anoxic Event (T-OAE) is directly related to volcanic activity of the Karoo-Ferrar Large Igneous Province, which caused global warming and significant changes in oceanographic conditions. It is characterised by a negative Carbon Isotopic Excursion (CIE), changes in biodiversity and sedimentary regimes. The Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Anoxic Event (C/T OAE) had a significant impact on the global carbon cycle, an event characterised by sedimentary deposits in black shales associated with the OAE and volcanic activity produced by the Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). The associated marine transgression during the event affected the circulation patterns of oceanic water masses and biodiversity. Both were events that drastically altered the planet's ecosystems, with major short- and longterm consequences on biodiversity. The study of these events provides an in depth understanding of the evolution of ecosystems, as well as helping to predict possible impacts of climate change due to their similarity to current conditions.
Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) are periods characterised by a significant reduction of available oxygen in the global ocean. Although several of them have been described throughout geological history, this paper focuses on the Toarcian (~183 Ma, Jurassic) and Cenomanian-Turonian (~93 Ma, Cretaceous) as they are the best known and most representative. Their study is crucial for understanding the Earth's history, as well as providing relevant information on ecosystem responses to environmental changes, such as global warming. Multidisciplinary research on these events allows for a better understanding of the mechanisms and consequences over geological time, and their application in understanding current climate dynamics. The Toarcian Anoxic Event (T-OAE) is directly related to volcanic activity of the Karoo-Ferrar Large Igneous Province, which caused global warming and significant changes in oceanographic conditions. It is characterised by a negative Carbon Isotopic Excursion (CIE), changes in biodiversity and sedimentary regimes. The Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Anoxic Event (C/T OAE) had a significant impact on the global carbon cycle, an event characterised by sedimentary deposits in black shales associated with the OAE and volcanic activity produced by the Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). The associated marine transgression during the event affected the circulation patterns of oceanic water masses and biodiversity. Both were events that drastically altered the planet's ecosystems, with major short- and longterm consequences on biodiversity. The study of these events provides an in depth understanding of the evolution of ecosystems, as well as helping to predict possible impacts of climate change due to their similarity to current conditions.
Direction
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Díez Ferrer, José Bienvenido (Co-tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Díez Ferrer, José Bienvenido (Co-tutorships)
Court
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Parental effects on Northeast Atlantic mackerel and Iberian sardine
Authorship
S.P.G.
Master in Marine Biology
S.P.G.
Master in Marine Biology
Defense date
06.28.2024 09:00
06.28.2024 09:00
Summary
This study focused on investigating the population characteristics and maternal effects on egg quality of Iberian sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), two species of utmost importance in the marine pelagic ecosystem and fishery economy in Spain. The research was carried out using biological data (length, weight, age, gonadosomatic index and condition factor) from individuals collected in oceanographic and commercial surveys conducted between 2016 and 2022; as well as egg quality data (egg diameter and lipid droplet diameter) collected in the SAREVA, JUREVA and PELACUS oceanographic surveys conducted in the same years. Image analysis (ImageJ) was used to measure egg quality parameters. RStudio software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Generalised linear models (GLM) were applied to analyse the relationship between population attributes and maternal effects, while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to analyse inter-annual variation in maternal and egg attributes. These methods were selected for their ability to handle complex data and provide reliable results in ecological and biological studies. The results showed several positive correlations between population parameters, indicating that certain adult attributes, such as size and body condition, may be interrelated and jointly affect reproductive success. When relating maternal parameters to egg quality, no significant correlations were found. This was attributed to the approach of the study, which was based on annual population means due to the lack of specific information on the relationship between individual females and their respective eggs. The absence of significant correlations between maternal parameters and egg quality could be due to individual variability not captured in the population analysis, as well as various environmental factors not included in the models. This aspect limits the ability to generalise results to the individual level, but provides valuable insight at the population level. In conclusion, this study highlights the complexity of interactions between parental parameters and their influence on egg quality in two key fishery species. Although no significant maternal effects were found, the results highlight the need for more detailed studies addressing individual variability and other factors not considered in the present analysis, such as environmental variables. This research provides an important basis for future explorations for application in the assessment and sustainable management of these fisheries.
This study focused on investigating the population characteristics and maternal effects on egg quality of Iberian sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), two species of utmost importance in the marine pelagic ecosystem and fishery economy in Spain. The research was carried out using biological data (length, weight, age, gonadosomatic index and condition factor) from individuals collected in oceanographic and commercial surveys conducted between 2016 and 2022; as well as egg quality data (egg diameter and lipid droplet diameter) collected in the SAREVA, JUREVA and PELACUS oceanographic surveys conducted in the same years. Image analysis (ImageJ) was used to measure egg quality parameters. RStudio software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Generalised linear models (GLM) were applied to analyse the relationship between population attributes and maternal effects, while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to analyse inter-annual variation in maternal and egg attributes. These methods were selected for their ability to handle complex data and provide reliable results in ecological and biological studies. The results showed several positive correlations between population parameters, indicating that certain adult attributes, such as size and body condition, may be interrelated and jointly affect reproductive success. When relating maternal parameters to egg quality, no significant correlations were found. This was attributed to the approach of the study, which was based on annual population means due to the lack of specific information on the relationship between individual females and their respective eggs. The absence of significant correlations between maternal parameters and egg quality could be due to individual variability not captured in the population analysis, as well as various environmental factors not included in the models. This aspect limits the ability to generalise results to the individual level, but provides valuable insight at the population level. In conclusion, this study highlights the complexity of interactions between parental parameters and their influence on egg quality in two key fishery species. Although no significant maternal effects were found, the results highlight the need for more detailed studies addressing individual variability and other factors not considered in the present analysis, such as environmental variables. This research provides an important basis for future explorations for application in the assessment and sustainable management of these fisheries.
Direction
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Riveiro Alarcón, Isabel (Co-tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Riveiro Alarcón, Isabel (Co-tutorships)
Court
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Analysis of the southern shortfin squid (Illex coindetii) and lesser flying squid (Todaropsis eblanae) fisheries in the Cantabrian Sea and Galicia (2017-2022).
Authorship
Z.M.C.
Master in Marine Biology
Z.M.C.
Master in Marine Biology
Defense date
02.27.2024 10:00
02.27.2024 10:00
Summary
The abundance of cephalopods, particularly of shortfin squid (family Ommastrephidae), has significantly increased in the Cantabrian Sea and Galicia in recent years. In this study, we will analyze data from landings, fishing effort, and size distributions of the two most abundant species in this family in the area, Illex coindetii and Todaropsis eblanae. Additionally, a simple assessment of the stock status of Illex coindetii will be conducted using the LBSPR method, along with an analysis of environmental variables in the study area (chlorophyll concentration and temperature) that may influence species abundance.
The abundance of cephalopods, particularly of shortfin squid (family Ommastrephidae), has significantly increased in the Cantabrian Sea and Galicia in recent years. In this study, we will analyze data from landings, fishing effort, and size distributions of the two most abundant species in this family in the area, Illex coindetii and Todaropsis eblanae. Additionally, a simple assessment of the stock status of Illex coindetii will be conducted using the LBSPR method, along with an analysis of environmental variables in the study area (chlorophyll concentration and temperature) that may influence species abundance.
Direction
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Otero Villar, Jaime (Co-tutorships)
González Herraiz, Isabel (Co-tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Otero Villar, Jaime (Co-tutorships)
González Herraiz, Isabel (Co-tutorships)
Court
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Creation of a Photo Identification catalogue based on rough toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) observations in La Palma island.
Authorship
M.S.A.
Master in Marine Biology
M.S.A.
Master in Marine Biology
Defense date
06.28.2024 09:00
06.28.2024 09:00
Summary
The rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) represents a less studied species compared to others, such as the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), but it is no less interesting for that reason. They are very curious animals with strongly established social bonds and also represent the fourth most sighted species on La Palma island. For these reasons, the project we have carried out is based on studying the S. bredanensis population on the island. The main objective was to elaborate a Photo-ID catalogue, analyzing photographs that were taken during four years (2020-2023), in order to know if these dolphins show any degree of fidelity towards La Palma. We have also analyzed other data taken during the sightings, such as distribution data, the number of individuals and calves per group and behaviour records. The results show that there is indeed certain degree of fidelity shown by some individuals of S. bredanensis towards the island. And, as for the resto of the data, we can say that our results are in the same page as those obtained in other similar studies. Therefore, this work provides valuable information about rough-toothed dolphin populations’ ecology and behavior in La Palma, increasing our knowledge of this species in the Canary Islands archipelago.
The rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) represents a less studied species compared to others, such as the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), but it is no less interesting for that reason. They are very curious animals with strongly established social bonds and also represent the fourth most sighted species on La Palma island. For these reasons, the project we have carried out is based on studying the S. bredanensis population on the island. The main objective was to elaborate a Photo-ID catalogue, analyzing photographs that were taken during four years (2020-2023), in order to know if these dolphins show any degree of fidelity towards La Palma. We have also analyzed other data taken during the sightings, such as distribution data, the number of individuals and calves per group and behaviour records. The results show that there is indeed certain degree of fidelity shown by some individuals of S. bredanensis towards the island. And, as for the resto of the data, we can say that our results are in the same page as those obtained in other similar studies. Therefore, this work provides valuable information about rough-toothed dolphin populations’ ecology and behavior in La Palma, increasing our knowledge of this species in the Canary Islands archipelago.
Direction
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Marco Valero, Sandra (Co-tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Marco Valero, Sandra (Co-tutorships)
Court
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
ADO Project: Osteological description of the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821)
Authorship
A.L.E.
Master in Marine Biology
A.L.E.
Master in Marine Biology
Defense date
06.28.2024 09:00
06.28.2024 09:00
Summary
The cetacean group has undergone an evolutionary transition from its terrestrial ancestors to the aquatic-living mammals we know today. The body morphology and skeletal system of living cetaceans is a reflection of the adaptation to functional needs in the new environments. The study of osteological transformations allows us to understand many key aspects of their way of life. Among the odontocete cetaceans, dolphinids are characterized by asymmetrical and elongated skulls adapted to their feeding method and echolocation, Another osteological transformation is the size and flexibility of the thoracic cage, related to pressure changes during diving. The modification of the limbs is also important, with the forelimbs transformed into fins and the hind limbs totally reduced. The ears are also adapted to life underwater, as well as the spine is adapted to swimming. Among the dolphinids, the arroaz or bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, is a resident specie in the inlets or Rías and is the best known cetacean in Galicia, being possible to see them even from the coast. The aim of this work is to increase the existing osteological information on this emblematic species in Galicia. For this purpose, a complete skeleton of a bottlenose dolphin was studied, as well as the individual analysis of each bone by taking measurements, photographs and the assembly of plates. These plates will later be used for the creation of a public osteological atlas in a didactic and digital format.
The cetacean group has undergone an evolutionary transition from its terrestrial ancestors to the aquatic-living mammals we know today. The body morphology and skeletal system of living cetaceans is a reflection of the adaptation to functional needs in the new environments. The study of osteological transformations allows us to understand many key aspects of their way of life. Among the odontocete cetaceans, dolphinids are characterized by asymmetrical and elongated skulls adapted to their feeding method and echolocation, Another osteological transformation is the size and flexibility of the thoracic cage, related to pressure changes during diving. The modification of the limbs is also important, with the forelimbs transformed into fins and the hind limbs totally reduced. The ears are also adapted to life underwater, as well as the spine is adapted to swimming. Among the dolphinids, the arroaz or bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, is a resident specie in the inlets or Rías and is the best known cetacean in Galicia, being possible to see them even from the coast. The aim of this work is to increase the existing osteological information on this emblematic species in Galicia. For this purpose, a complete skeleton of a bottlenose dolphin was studied, as well as the individual analysis of each bone by taking measurements, photographs and the assembly of plates. These plates will later be used for the creation of a public osteological atlas in a didactic and digital format.
Direction
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
López Fernández, Alfredo (Co-tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
López Fernández, Alfredo (Co-tutorships)
Court
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Analysis of the spatial variation in the recruitment of bivalves of commercial interest in two shellfish banks in Rías Baixas.
Authorship
B.L.M.
Master in Marine Biology
B.L.M.
Master in Marine Biology
Defense date
09.12.2024 17:00
09.12.2024 17:00
Summary
Shellfishing in Galicia plays a significant role economically and socially, with bivalve molluscs holding a prominent position among the exploited species. Recruitment phase is critical in the population dynamics of bivalves, as it regulates the success of population renewal. The aim of this study is to investigate the recruitment of bivalves in two shellfish areas in the Rías Baixas: Noia, in the Muros-Noia estuary and Cambados, in the Arousa estuary. The recruitment of bivalves of the clam species Ruditapes decussatus, Ruditapes philippinarum, Venerupuis corrugata, and the cockle Cerastoderma edule were described for each bed. The spatial distribution and abundance of these populations were also analyzed. The study revealed a low recruitment of all four species in both locations; however, a higher abundance of recruits of japanese carpet shell and pullet carpet shell was observed in Cambados, and a low recruitment was observed of the grooved carpet shell and common edible cockle in both areas. Regarding spatial variation, no uniform distribution pattern was identified for any of the species in the studied beds. The higher recruitment of japanese carpet shell and pullet carpet shell is associated with larval dispersal patterns and the various environmental and hydrodynamic factors affecting these species. Conversely, the scarcity of the common edible cockle recruits is attributed to their rapid growth, resulting in the observation of larger size classes, The low abundance of the grooved carpet shell recruits is linked to adverse environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations and salinity stress, as well as overfishing due to its high economic value. These results pose challenges for shellfish sector management, as future populations may be insufficient to sustain sustainable exploitation levels, suggesting the need for strategies to regulate harvesting activities.
Shellfishing in Galicia plays a significant role economically and socially, with bivalve molluscs holding a prominent position among the exploited species. Recruitment phase is critical in the population dynamics of bivalves, as it regulates the success of population renewal. The aim of this study is to investigate the recruitment of bivalves in two shellfish areas in the Rías Baixas: Noia, in the Muros-Noia estuary and Cambados, in the Arousa estuary. The recruitment of bivalves of the clam species Ruditapes decussatus, Ruditapes philippinarum, Venerupuis corrugata, and the cockle Cerastoderma edule were described for each bed. The spatial distribution and abundance of these populations were also analyzed. The study revealed a low recruitment of all four species in both locations; however, a higher abundance of recruits of japanese carpet shell and pullet carpet shell was observed in Cambados, and a low recruitment was observed of the grooved carpet shell and common edible cockle in both areas. Regarding spatial variation, no uniform distribution pattern was identified for any of the species in the studied beds. The higher recruitment of japanese carpet shell and pullet carpet shell is associated with larval dispersal patterns and the various environmental and hydrodynamic factors affecting these species. Conversely, the scarcity of the common edible cockle recruits is attributed to their rapid growth, resulting in the observation of larger size classes, The low abundance of the grooved carpet shell recruits is linked to adverse environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations and salinity stress, as well as overfishing due to its high economic value. These results pose challenges for shellfish sector management, as future populations may be insufficient to sustain sustainable exploitation levels, suggesting the need for strategies to regulate harvesting activities.
Direction
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ OTERO, MARIA ELSA (Co-tutorships)
HERRERA RODRIGUEZ, MARIANA-ANDREINA (Co-tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ OTERO, MARIA ELSA (Co-tutorships)
HERRERA RODRIGUEZ, MARIANA-ANDREINA (Co-tutorships)
Court
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Analysis of the conservation statuts og kelp forests in Ría de Vigo and the Galician coast
Authorship
R.V.N.
Master in Marine Biology
R.V.N.
Master in Marine Biology
Defense date
02.27.2024 10:00
02.27.2024 10:00
Summary
Kelp forests (Laminaria ochroleuca) have recently declined in some areas of the northwestern peninsular due to excessive consumption by herbivores. In this work, a detailed study of the abundance and biomass of these forests during the last 5 autumns has been carried out in four healthy (i.e. low herbivore pressure) and four degraded (i.e. high herbivore pressure) sites in Ría de Vigo. The results show a clear decline of kelp populations in both types of sites, reaching the total collapse of populations in degraded areas. In addition, the study of bite marks on kelp showed that fish are mainly responsible for the disappearance of these populations. The study also included an examination of other areas of the Galician coastline where there was evidence of kelp forest presence in recent decades, finding that kelp has disappeared from almost 40% of them. The findings of this study suggest a pessimistic outlook for the future of L. ochroleuca forests in the region.
Kelp forests (Laminaria ochroleuca) have recently declined in some areas of the northwestern peninsular due to excessive consumption by herbivores. In this work, a detailed study of the abundance and biomass of these forests during the last 5 autumns has been carried out in four healthy (i.e. low herbivore pressure) and four degraded (i.e. high herbivore pressure) sites in Ría de Vigo. The results show a clear decline of kelp populations in both types of sites, reaching the total collapse of populations in degraded areas. In addition, the study of bite marks on kelp showed that fish are mainly responsible for the disappearance of these populations. The study also included an examination of other areas of the Galician coastline where there was evidence of kelp forest presence in recent decades, finding that kelp has disappeared from almost 40% of them. The findings of this study suggest a pessimistic outlook for the future of L. ochroleuca forests in the region.
Direction
Barreiro Lozano, Rodolfo (Tutorships)
Barrientos de la Llana, Sara (Co-tutorships)
Barreiro Lozano, Rodolfo (Tutorships)
Barrientos de la Llana, Sara (Co-tutorships)
Court
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Analysis of operational management at the El Campello marine fish farm
Authorship
E.R.E.
Master in Marine Biology
E.R.E.
Master in Marine Biology
Defense date
06.28.2024 09:00
06.28.2024 09:00
Summary
The main objective of this work is to analyse the entire operational management of a marine fish farm with floating cages for sea bream, sea bass and sea bass in the Spanish Mediterranean, specifically in El Campello (Alicante). The aim was to promote marine aquaculture as a necessary and sustainable short-term solution for the future in view of the growing world demand for aquatic products. Likewise, the main criteria and environmental factors established for an adequate selection of a site and its correct installation of the farm have been analysed. On the other hand, the work has focused mainly on the most important techniques and methods used in day-to-day operations in marine aquaculture, such as: net changes, sowing of new fry, stock management, sampling for biometrics, removal of mortality and fishing for subsequent marketing. In addition, special emphasis has been placed on the different feeding methods, as it is a fattening plant and therefore the most important part of a fish farm.
The main objective of this work is to analyse the entire operational management of a marine fish farm with floating cages for sea bream, sea bass and sea bass in the Spanish Mediterranean, specifically in El Campello (Alicante). The aim was to promote marine aquaculture as a necessary and sustainable short-term solution for the future in view of the growing world demand for aquatic products. Likewise, the main criteria and environmental factors established for an adequate selection of a site and its correct installation of the farm have been analysed. On the other hand, the work has focused mainly on the most important techniques and methods used in day-to-day operations in marine aquaculture, such as: net changes, sowing of new fry, stock management, sampling for biometrics, removal of mortality and fishing for subsequent marketing. In addition, special emphasis has been placed on the different feeding methods, as it is a fattening plant and therefore the most important part of a fish farm.
Direction
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Cortés Reyes, Marta (Co-tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Cortés Reyes, Marta (Co-tutorships)
Court
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
Evaluation of the effects of fishing on two behavioral axes of Xyrichtys novacula tracked by acoustic telemetry in their natural habitat
Authorship
M.F.C.B.
Master in Marine Biology
M.F.C.B.
Master in Marine Biology
Defense date
02.27.2024 10:00
02.27.2024 10:00
Summary
The behavioral axes of activity/exploration and chronotype have emerged as indicators of fishing activity impact on populations of Xyrichtys novacula. In this study, the effect of fishing on two behaviors related to activity/exploration have been evaluated: the distance traveled (m) and the occupied area (home range, m2); and two behaviors related to circadian rhythms: the awakening time (min) and the rest onset (min), in the labrid X. novacula. Thanks to technological advances, systems such as acoustic telemetry have revolutionized marine science, providing the opportunity to study the behavior of marine individuals in the wild with great precision. The obtained data were classified according to the BACI model (Before, After, Control, Impacted), taking into account the period before the opening of fishing, the subsequent period, and two areas partially and fully protected within the Bay of Palma Marine Reserve (Mallorca, Spain). Statistical analysis was carried out using four Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) of Poisson, one for each behavior. The results revealed that all behavioral variables, except for the onset of rest, show significant alterations caused by fishing activity, indicating an exploited population with a clear timidity syndrome. The main conclusion of this work is that fishing induce a decrease of the activity and exploration of individuals independently of the environment, with implications for the ecology of the species.
The behavioral axes of activity/exploration and chronotype have emerged as indicators of fishing activity impact on populations of Xyrichtys novacula. In this study, the effect of fishing on two behaviors related to activity/exploration have been evaluated: the distance traveled (m) and the occupied area (home range, m2); and two behaviors related to circadian rhythms: the awakening time (min) and the rest onset (min), in the labrid X. novacula. Thanks to technological advances, systems such as acoustic telemetry have revolutionized marine science, providing the opportunity to study the behavior of marine individuals in the wild with great precision. The obtained data were classified according to the BACI model (Before, After, Control, Impacted), taking into account the period before the opening of fishing, the subsequent period, and two areas partially and fully protected within the Bay of Palma Marine Reserve (Mallorca, Spain). Statistical analysis was carried out using four Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) of Poisson, one for each behavior. The results revealed that all behavioral variables, except for the onset of rest, show significant alterations caused by fishing activity, indicating an exploited population with a clear timidity syndrome. The main conclusion of this work is that fishing induce a decrease of the activity and exploration of individuals independently of the environment, with implications for the ecology of the species.
Direction
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Alos Crespí, Josep (Co-tutorships)
DOMINGUEZ CONDE, JESUS (Tutorships)
Alos Crespí, Josep (Co-tutorships)
Court
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)
BESTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA CELIA (Chairman)
Balboa Méndez, Sabela (Secretary)
Rodriguez Diaz, Miguel Angel (Member)