Visual function in drivers over sixty years old
Authorship
P.C.L.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
P.C.L.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
02.05.2024 09:30
02.05.2024 09:30
Summary
Driving is an activity that largely depends on visual function. The current regulations establish minimum aptitude criteria related to visual function to obtain or renew a driving license, imposing different restrictions on the driver in case their visual capacity decreases and increasing the frequency to renew the driving license with age. With the aging of the population, it is estimated that the number of older people behind the wheel increases significantly over the years. This opens a debate about whether these drivers are fit to drive; because age entails the deterioration of all body systems and the loss of abilities, between them, visual ability. This Final Degree Project is a bibliographic review of studies that have analyzed the importance of visual function in the driving ability of people aged 60 or over. The reviewed studies highlight visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, response to glare and visual field, among others, as the most relevant visual skills in elderly driving, pointing out that an alteration of them can affect their performance in driving and, therefore, in road safety. In response to this situation, it is possible to implement adaptations in the vehicle or also driving restrictions prior to the revocation of the driving license.
Driving is an activity that largely depends on visual function. The current regulations establish minimum aptitude criteria related to visual function to obtain or renew a driving license, imposing different restrictions on the driver in case their visual capacity decreases and increasing the frequency to renew the driving license with age. With the aging of the population, it is estimated that the number of older people behind the wheel increases significantly over the years. This opens a debate about whether these drivers are fit to drive; because age entails the deterioration of all body systems and the loss of abilities, between them, visual ability. This Final Degree Project is a bibliographic review of studies that have analyzed the importance of visual function in the driving ability of people aged 60 or over. The reviewed studies highlight visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, response to glare and visual field, among others, as the most relevant visual skills in elderly driving, pointing out that an alteration of them can affect their performance in driving and, therefore, in road safety. In response to this situation, it is possible to implement adaptations in the vehicle or also driving restrictions prior to the revocation of the driving license.
Direction
VAZQUEZ SANCHEZ, MARIA COVADONGA (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ SANCHEZ, MARIA COVADONGA (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ SANCHEZ, MARIA COVADONGA (Student’s tutor)
VAZQUEZ SANCHEZ, MARIA COVADONGA (Student’s tutor)
Emmetropization and optical correction
Authorship
J.N.G.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
J.N.G.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
02.05.2024 09:30
02.05.2024 09:30
Summary
Emmetropization is a process by which the eyeball is elongated depending on the visual signals it receives in order to position the retina in the focal plane and obtain sharp images of distant objects. Knowing the different factors that influence the process and those that can be modified is essential in order to be able to intervene when necessary and thus be able to finish the process in emmetropia or with the lowest possible ametropia. When ametropia is outside the physiological values in the first 3-4 years of life, it is necessary to evaluate the option of prescribing optical correction to help correct emmetropization. Objective: to analyze the different factors that influence the process, as well as the different prescription guidelines depending on the age of the child in order to complete the process with the lowest possible ametropia. Results: both genetic and anatomical factors are involved in the emmetropization process, but it is the extrinsic factors that are of greater importance as they can be modified to intervene in the emmetropization process. Before prescribing optical correction for a child, it is necessary to assess various factors such as the degree of ametropia, whether the child has symptoms and the degree of schooling and school performance if he or she has already started this stage. If the prescription is finally necessary, it is necessary to follow a series of correction guidelines and subsequent follow-ups.
Emmetropization is a process by which the eyeball is elongated depending on the visual signals it receives in order to position the retina in the focal plane and obtain sharp images of distant objects. Knowing the different factors that influence the process and those that can be modified is essential in order to be able to intervene when necessary and thus be able to finish the process in emmetropia or with the lowest possible ametropia. When ametropia is outside the physiological values in the first 3-4 years of life, it is necessary to evaluate the option of prescribing optical correction to help correct emmetropization. Objective: to analyze the different factors that influence the process, as well as the different prescription guidelines depending on the age of the child in order to complete the process with the lowest possible ametropia. Results: both genetic and anatomical factors are involved in the emmetropization process, but it is the extrinsic factors that are of greater importance as they can be modified to intervene in the emmetropization process. Before prescribing optical correction for a child, it is necessary to assess various factors such as the degree of ametropia, whether the child has symptoms and the degree of schooling and school performance if he or she has already started this stage. If the prescription is finally necessary, it is necessary to follow a series of correction guidelines and subsequent follow-ups.
Direction
Ferreiro Figueiras, Dolores Purificación (Tutorships)
Ferreiro Figueiras, Dolores Purificación (Tutorships)
Court
Ferreiro Figueiras, Dolores Purificación (Student’s tutor)
Ferreiro Figueiras, Dolores Purificación (Student’s tutor)
Update on corneal Cross-linking (CXL) for corneal ectasias.
Authorship
L.S.R.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
L.S.R.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
02.07.2024 17:00
02.07.2024 17:00
Summary
This literature review which contains 9865 words is about corneal Cross-linking, a technique currently used to strengthen collagen fibers of the cornea, used in the treatment of corneal ectasias, being a great advancement in the treatment of this ocular conditions, particularly in halting the progression of keratoconus. These diseases wreak the weakening of the cornea, in addition of its progressive deformation, so that, the Cross-linking along the riboflavin and ultraviolet type A light, will be responsible for limiting their advancement. Furthermore, this work will describe how the use of this procedure and its evolution has changed the way of treatment of these corneal ectasias, aside of explaining how numerous studies and clinical trials in recent decades have contributed to the understanding and further developing. Thanks to these, improvements have been made in terms of his effectiveness, efficiency and safety, reducing side effects and introducing new treatment variants for specific cases. Finally, it will discuss about the developments in the next years, including its application to other pathologies and conditions, as well as upcoming innovations and discoveries, among these, the personalized therapy for specific cases or the improvement in the penetration and effectiveness of riboflavin.
This literature review which contains 9865 words is about corneal Cross-linking, a technique currently used to strengthen collagen fibers of the cornea, used in the treatment of corneal ectasias, being a great advancement in the treatment of this ocular conditions, particularly in halting the progression of keratoconus. These diseases wreak the weakening of the cornea, in addition of its progressive deformation, so that, the Cross-linking along the riboflavin and ultraviolet type A light, will be responsible for limiting their advancement. Furthermore, this work will describe how the use of this procedure and its evolution has changed the way of treatment of these corneal ectasias, aside of explaining how numerous studies and clinical trials in recent decades have contributed to the understanding and further developing. Thanks to these, improvements have been made in terms of his effectiveness, efficiency and safety, reducing side effects and introducing new treatment variants for specific cases. Finally, it will discuss about the developments in the next years, including its application to other pathologies and conditions, as well as upcoming innovations and discoveries, among these, the personalized therapy for specific cases or the improvement in the penetration and effectiveness of riboflavin.
Direction
LEMA GESTO, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Regueiro Lorenzo, Uxía (Co-tutorships)
LEMA GESTO, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Regueiro Lorenzo, Uxía (Co-tutorships)
Court
LEMA GESTO, MARIA ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
Regueiro Lorenzo, Uxía (Student’s tutor)
LEMA GESTO, MARIA ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
Regueiro Lorenzo, Uxía (Student’s tutor)
Eye injuries resulting from sports activities and prevention mechanisms
Authorship
P.F.G.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
P.F.G.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
02.08.2024 11:30
02.08.2024 11:30
Summary
In this Bachelor's Final Project we address which are the factors influencing the occurrence of an eye injury during sports practice, the occular risks associated with engaging in different types of sports, and how injuries vary depending on the type of sport practiced by the individual are addressed. Therefore, we will conduct a literature review to understand the types of injuries that athletes may experience and which ones are more prevalent based on the type of sport practiced. Additionally, we will explore the necessary measures that athletes should follow to minimize or eliminate the risk of eye injuries. This includes discussing some of the most common types of protective gear and providing recommendations tailored to different sports activities. It is essential to differentiate the protection required for activities such as paintball from those needed for underwater fishing, as the considerations vary significantly.
In this Bachelor's Final Project we address which are the factors influencing the occurrence of an eye injury during sports practice, the occular risks associated with engaging in different types of sports, and how injuries vary depending on the type of sport practiced by the individual are addressed. Therefore, we will conduct a literature review to understand the types of injuries that athletes may experience and which ones are more prevalent based on the type of sport practiced. Additionally, we will explore the necessary measures that athletes should follow to minimize or eliminate the risk of eye injuries. This includes discussing some of the most common types of protective gear and providing recommendations tailored to different sports activities. It is essential to differentiate the protection required for activities such as paintball from those needed for underwater fishing, as the considerations vary significantly.
Direction
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
Court
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
Parkinson's affectations on vision and its optometric management.
Authorship
M.P.B.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
M.P.B.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
02.08.2024 12:30
02.08.2024 12:30
Summary
Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic loss and protein aggregation in the form of Lewy bodies. It manifests with a series of motor symptoms such as body rigidity, bradykinesia or tremors, and with non-motor symptoms such as cognitive and sleep disturbances... In relation to visual problems in people with Parkinson's disease, alterations have been observed in color vision, problems in contrast sensitivity, problems in visual movements or alterations in ocular structures such as eyelids, cornea or retina, which may lead to complications such as dry eye. The role of the optometrist can be fundamental to diagnose, evaluate and treat these visual problems, helping to minimize the complications of the disease and allowing the patient to have a good quality of life.
Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic loss and protein aggregation in the form of Lewy bodies. It manifests with a series of motor symptoms such as body rigidity, bradykinesia or tremors, and with non-motor symptoms such as cognitive and sleep disturbances... In relation to visual problems in people with Parkinson's disease, alterations have been observed in color vision, problems in contrast sensitivity, problems in visual movements or alterations in ocular structures such as eyelids, cornea or retina, which may lead to complications such as dry eye. The role of the optometrist can be fundamental to diagnose, evaluate and treat these visual problems, helping to minimize the complications of the disease and allowing the patient to have a good quality of life.
Direction
PEREZ BALADRON, ADRIAN (Tutorships)
PEREZ BALADRON, ADRIAN (Tutorships)
Court
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Chairman)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
GARCIA DOMINGUEZ, GONZALO (Member)
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Chairman)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
GARCIA DOMINGUEZ, GONZALO (Member)
Dyslexia and vision
Authorship
A.K.V.P.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
A.K.V.P.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
02.08.2024 13:00
02.08.2024 13:00
Summary
The term dyslexia refers to a persistent disorder, related to learning and fundamentally characterized by difficulties in processing the written language of those who suffer from it. It can occur when the person already knows how to read and write, as a consequence of brain damage after this learning (acquired) or it can manifest itself in childhood, before the child has acquired reading and writing skills (evolutionary). It is not a uniform disorder, but rather presents different variants depending on the pathways affected and the alterations present in the people who suffer from it, giving rise to detailed classifications into types and subtypes of dyslexia, which differ according to the authors. It is a topic that has aroused great interest since the first studies on it began, already in the 19th century, an interest that has continued to this day, which has favored the publication of numerous investigations, which have addressed this disorder since different areas: Vision, Neurology, Genetics, Cognitive Psychology, Psycholinguistics or Speech Therapy. But it is, on the other hand, a very controversial topic, whose etiology still remains obscure, without there being unanimity when it comes to classifying dyslexia solely as a language disorder or as a broader disorder, also related to deficits in visual perception. and auditory and motor skills. There is, in any case, a coincidence when it comes to pointing out the importance of early diagnosis, through the performance of different tests (neurological, psychological, visual, auditory, reading and other skills), to identify this disorder, with the that the person has to live with all his life, although with appropriate therapies, he can improve.
The term dyslexia refers to a persistent disorder, related to learning and fundamentally characterized by difficulties in processing the written language of those who suffer from it. It can occur when the person already knows how to read and write, as a consequence of brain damage after this learning (acquired) or it can manifest itself in childhood, before the child has acquired reading and writing skills (evolutionary). It is not a uniform disorder, but rather presents different variants depending on the pathways affected and the alterations present in the people who suffer from it, giving rise to detailed classifications into types and subtypes of dyslexia, which differ according to the authors. It is a topic that has aroused great interest since the first studies on it began, already in the 19th century, an interest that has continued to this day, which has favored the publication of numerous investigations, which have addressed this disorder since different areas: Vision, Neurology, Genetics, Cognitive Psychology, Psycholinguistics or Speech Therapy. But it is, on the other hand, a very controversial topic, whose etiology still remains obscure, without there being unanimity when it comes to classifying dyslexia solely as a language disorder or as a broader disorder, also related to deficits in visual perception. and auditory and motor skills. There is, in any case, a coincidence when it comes to pointing out the importance of early diagnosis, through the performance of different tests (neurological, psychological, visual, auditory, reading and other skills), to identify this disorder, with the that the person has to live with all his life, although with appropriate therapies, he can improve.
Direction
Ferreiro Figueiras, Dolores Purificación (Tutorships)
Ferreiro Figueiras, Dolores Purificación (Tutorships)
Court
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Chairman)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
GARCIA DOMINGUEZ, GONZALO (Member)
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Chairman)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
GARCIA DOMINGUEZ, GONZALO (Member)
Vision therapy for non-strabismic binocular anomalies
Authorship
C.R.M.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
C.R.M.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
09.13.2024 11:00
09.13.2024 11:00
Summary
Non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions are becoming increasingly common in the daily practice of an optometrist, and treatment through visual therapy is becoming much more prominent. Visual therapy is used to mitigate both the signs and symptoms of, in this case, non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions. First, the various accommodative and vergence binocular dysfunctions will be explained, detailing their symptoms and signs; followed by a brief explanation of the various exercises that comprise visual therapy, as well as its effectiveness. Finally, two visual therapy protocols have been created based on several clinical cases: one for convergence insufficiency and one for accommodative insufficiency, as these are the most common binocular dysfunctions encountered in the optometric practice.
Non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions are becoming increasingly common in the daily practice of an optometrist, and treatment through visual therapy is becoming much more prominent. Visual therapy is used to mitigate both the signs and symptoms of, in this case, non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions. First, the various accommodative and vergence binocular dysfunctions will be explained, detailing their symptoms and signs; followed by a brief explanation of the various exercises that comprise visual therapy, as well as its effectiveness. Finally, two visual therapy protocols have been created based on several clinical cases: one for convergence insufficiency and one for accommodative insufficiency, as these are the most common binocular dysfunctions encountered in the optometric practice.
Direction
Calo Santiago, Rosa (Tutorships)
Calo Santiago, Rosa (Tutorships)
Court
Calo Santiago, Rosa (Student’s tutor)
Calo Santiago, Rosa (Student’s tutor)
Optical Coherence Tomography in optometric practice
Authorship
V.V.F.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
V.V.F.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
09.16.2024 16:00
09.16.2024 16:00
Summary
This Final Degree Project delves into Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), analyzing its importance in optometry. This technology allows for high-resolution three-dimensional images of ocular structures, facilitating the diagnosis and monitoring of various pathologies. The types of OCT, their clinical applications, and their impact on contact lens fitting are explored. Despite its benefits, its use is limited due to various factors such as cost and the need for specialized training. A survey will show relevant data on the current integration of the technique in the optometric field and the critical opinion of specialists regarding its use. OCT is crucial for improving optometric practice, although its integration faces significant challenges.
This Final Degree Project delves into Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), analyzing its importance in optometry. This technology allows for high-resolution three-dimensional images of ocular structures, facilitating the diagnosis and monitoring of various pathologies. The types of OCT, their clinical applications, and their impact on contact lens fitting are explored. Despite its benefits, its use is limited due to various factors such as cost and the need for specialized training. A survey will show relevant data on the current integration of the technique in the optometric field and the critical opinion of specialists regarding its use. OCT is crucial for improving optometric practice, although its integration faces significant challenges.
Direction
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
Court
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Student’s tutor)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Student’s tutor)
The role of the optician-optometrist in the development and management of myopia.
Authorship
S.D.N.D.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
S.D.N.D.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.08.2024 09:00
07.08.2024 09:00
Summary
Myopia is the most common refractive error, and is considered a public health problem. Its prevalence is increasing, with the forecast for 2050 that half of the population will be myopic. It is essential to stop the progression of myopia, for which the optometrist has a very important role. Currently there are risk factors that cause an early onset of myopia, or that cause excessive development, so they must be influenced in order to control them. To stop its progression, it is important to correctly apply the different existing forms of correction, as well as prevent possible complications that accompany it. If it reaches high values, myopia is considered pathological, which can determine that the patient reaches the status of low vision. In this situation, the optician-optometrist must apply a series of treatments that go beyond optical correction. Therefore, in this Final Degree Project, a bibliographic analysis has been carried out that includes the etiology of myopia, with the current methods of correcting myopia, and all the risks that it entails, as well as the functions that the optician-optometrist against myopia.
Myopia is the most common refractive error, and is considered a public health problem. Its prevalence is increasing, with the forecast for 2050 that half of the population will be myopic. It is essential to stop the progression of myopia, for which the optometrist has a very important role. Currently there are risk factors that cause an early onset of myopia, or that cause excessive development, so they must be influenced in order to control them. To stop its progression, it is important to correctly apply the different existing forms of correction, as well as prevent possible complications that accompany it. If it reaches high values, myopia is considered pathological, which can determine that the patient reaches the status of low vision. In this situation, the optician-optometrist must apply a series of treatments that go beyond optical correction. Therefore, in this Final Degree Project, a bibliographic analysis has been carried out that includes the etiology of myopia, with the current methods of correcting myopia, and all the risks that it entails, as well as the functions that the optician-optometrist against myopia.
Direction
PEREZ BALADRON, ADRIAN (Tutorships)
PEREZ BALADRON, ADRIAN (Tutorships)
Court
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Chairman)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Secretary)
SANCHEZ SELLERO, CESAR ANDRES (Member)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Chairman)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Secretary)
SANCHEZ SELLERO, CESAR ANDRES (Member)
Myopia control with multifocal soft contact lenses
Authorship
M.G.D.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
M.G.D.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.08.2024 09:30
07.08.2024 09:30
Summary
Myopia is a current public health problem that increasingly affects a larger number of people. Moreover, this ametropia is a risk factor in some ocular pathologies that can lead to vision loss or severe visual impairment. Therefore, various solutions are currently being developed to slow its progression. Among the optical options to reduce this progression, there are ophthalmic lenses, orthokeratology contact lenses, or multifocal hydrophilic contact lenses. The theory to explain the functioning of these lenses is based on the principle that the stimulus for eye growth is a defocused retinal image with hyperopic defocus. Thus, these lenses use positive power to induce myopic defocus, thereby slowing axial elongation and, consequently, the progression of myopia. Within the hydrophilic contact lenses used for myopia progression control, three main designs can be distinguished: dual-focus or simultaneous focus lenses, progressive multifocal design lenses, and extended depth-of-focus lenses. Although all have different geometries, they all rely on adding positive power. In this paper, an analysis has been conducted on various studies of soft contact lenses based on their geometries, and a literature review has been carried out on their effectiveness in trials and clinical studies. Several studies have demonstrated that this type of contact lens causes a decrease in myopia progression and axial elongation. The paper contains a total of 8,796 words.
Myopia is a current public health problem that increasingly affects a larger number of people. Moreover, this ametropia is a risk factor in some ocular pathologies that can lead to vision loss or severe visual impairment. Therefore, various solutions are currently being developed to slow its progression. Among the optical options to reduce this progression, there are ophthalmic lenses, orthokeratology contact lenses, or multifocal hydrophilic contact lenses. The theory to explain the functioning of these lenses is based on the principle that the stimulus for eye growth is a defocused retinal image with hyperopic defocus. Thus, these lenses use positive power to induce myopic defocus, thereby slowing axial elongation and, consequently, the progression of myopia. Within the hydrophilic contact lenses used for myopia progression control, three main designs can be distinguished: dual-focus or simultaneous focus lenses, progressive multifocal design lenses, and extended depth-of-focus lenses. Although all have different geometries, they all rely on adding positive power. In this paper, an analysis has been conducted on various studies of soft contact lenses based on their geometries, and a literature review has been carried out on their effectiveness in trials and clinical studies. Several studies have demonstrated that this type of contact lens causes a decrease in myopia progression and axial elongation. The paper contains a total of 8,796 words.
Direction
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Tutorships)
NOYA PADIN, VERONICA (Co-tutorships)
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Tutorships)
NOYA PADIN, VERONICA (Co-tutorships)
Court
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Chairman)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Secretary)
SANCHEZ SELLERO, CESAR ANDRES (Member)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Chairman)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Secretary)
SANCHEZ SELLERO, CESAR ANDRES (Member)
Visual alterations in patients with Alzheimer's
Authorship
Y.S.M.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Y.S.M.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.08.2024 10:00
07.08.2024 10:00
Summary
This final degree project focuses on identifying the main visual alterations present in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), given the evidence that supports the importance of AD and the need to identify new tests that are faster, cheaper and less invasive for its early detection. The main objective of this work is to determine which visual alterations are most common in patients with AD, as well as to determine the possible relationship between these and the progression of the disease. To this end, a bibliographic review of the existing scientific literature is carried out, including various articles and studies on the subject. The results of the review show that, as the prevalence of AD increases, it becomes necessary to implement prevention measures. To do this, it is essential to consider the main risk factors associated with this pathology and become aware of the danger they represent, in order to try to improve the quality and lifestyle of patients. In addition, it was observed that neuropathological progression occurs in both the eye and the brain, and that individuals present changes at the ocular level, mainly structural changes in the retina and optic nerve (NO) that contribute to the appearance of visual alterations. From changes in visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (SC), color vision (VC), visual field (CV), ocular motility, depth perception or stereopsis and changes in pupillary response and reflex, which can manifest themselves in various ways and at different stages of the disease. Finally, it is concluded that research in this field is very necessary, not only to improve clinical care and quality of life for patients, relatives and caregivers, but also to assess these visual alterations as diagnostic strategies that detect this disease early.
This final degree project focuses on identifying the main visual alterations present in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), given the evidence that supports the importance of AD and the need to identify new tests that are faster, cheaper and less invasive for its early detection. The main objective of this work is to determine which visual alterations are most common in patients with AD, as well as to determine the possible relationship between these and the progression of the disease. To this end, a bibliographic review of the existing scientific literature is carried out, including various articles and studies on the subject. The results of the review show that, as the prevalence of AD increases, it becomes necessary to implement prevention measures. To do this, it is essential to consider the main risk factors associated with this pathology and become aware of the danger they represent, in order to try to improve the quality and lifestyle of patients. In addition, it was observed that neuropathological progression occurs in both the eye and the brain, and that individuals present changes at the ocular level, mainly structural changes in the retina and optic nerve (NO) that contribute to the appearance of visual alterations. From changes in visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (SC), color vision (VC), visual field (CV), ocular motility, depth perception or stereopsis and changes in pupillary response and reflex, which can manifest themselves in various ways and at different stages of the disease. Finally, it is concluded that research in this field is very necessary, not only to improve clinical care and quality of life for patients, relatives and caregivers, but also to assess these visual alterations as diagnostic strategies that detect this disease early.
Direction
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Tutorships)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Chairman)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Secretary)
SANCHEZ SELLERO, CESAR ANDRES (Member)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Chairman)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Secretary)
SANCHEZ SELLERO, CESAR ANDRES (Member)
Quality of life in patients with AMD.
Authorship
C.V.C.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
C.V.C.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.08.2024 10:30
07.08.2024 10:30
Summary
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative ocular pathology that represents a major health problem worldwide, causing a high impact on the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients. This disease appears due to the interaction of different factors including age, genetics, smoking and diet. Even so, it is a pathology forgotten by society that is expected to increase in the coming years due to the aging of the population. Depending on the stage of the patient's AMD, symptoms may range from a loss of visual acuity (VA) to the presence of scotomas, visual distortion or even a total loss of central vision. All the signs and symptoms of this ocular pathology result in an impaired ability to perform basic activities of daily living (ADLs) such as reading, driving or recognizing faces. The advent of intravitreal antiangiogenic injections has been a great advance in the treatment of neovascular AMD, providing significant visual improvements. Even so, their high cost, the need for frequent revisions and their dependence have a significant socioeconomic impact on affected patients. However, treatment options for atrophic AMD are limited and are still under ongoing research. An early diagnosis of the disease in its initial stages is essential because both the response to treatment and the visual results improve with early detection of the lesions. Number of words: 9898.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative ocular pathology that represents a major health problem worldwide, causing a high impact on the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients. This disease appears due to the interaction of different factors including age, genetics, smoking and diet. Even so, it is a pathology forgotten by society that is expected to increase in the coming years due to the aging of the population. Depending on the stage of the patient's AMD, symptoms may range from a loss of visual acuity (VA) to the presence of scotomas, visual distortion or even a total loss of central vision. All the signs and symptoms of this ocular pathology result in an impaired ability to perform basic activities of daily living (ADLs) such as reading, driving or recognizing faces. The advent of intravitreal antiangiogenic injections has been a great advance in the treatment of neovascular AMD, providing significant visual improvements. Even so, their high cost, the need for frequent revisions and their dependence have a significant socioeconomic impact on affected patients. However, treatment options for atrophic AMD are limited and are still under ongoing research. An early diagnosis of the disease in its initial stages is essential because both the response to treatment and the visual results improve with early detection of the lesions. Number of words: 9898.
Direction
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Tutorships)
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Tutorships)
Court
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Chairman)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Secretary)
SANCHEZ SELLERO, CESAR ANDRES (Member)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Chairman)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Secretary)
SANCHEZ SELLERO, CESAR ANDRES (Member)
Artificial Tears
Authorship
A.V.S.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
A.V.S.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.08.2024 11:00
07.08.2024 11:00
Summary
Artificial tears are a medical product applied topically that must have properties similar to natural tears, both in water content and in their physical-biochemical properties. They can be classified based on the format of their packaging, the presence or absence of preservatives, and their composition. Their main use is as a treatment for dry eye syndrome. Risk factors for this condition, which increase the likelihood of its occurrence, include age, sex, use of electronic devices, or the intake of certain medications. Other uses of artificial tears include improving comfort when wearing contact lenses and using them after refractive surgery. Usage instructions for this product are provided by the manufacturer and generally do not specify a daily usage limit for patients. Patients should follow basic guidelines for instilling artificial tears to ensure proper use. It is estimated that between 5% and 30% of the global population should use this ophthalmic preparation. The patient profiles most likely to need it include menopausal women, individuals over 50 years old, contact lens wearers, and professionals who work daily with electronic screens. These patients frequently
Artificial tears are a medical product applied topically that must have properties similar to natural tears, both in water content and in their physical-biochemical properties. They can be classified based on the format of their packaging, the presence or absence of preservatives, and their composition. Their main use is as a treatment for dry eye syndrome. Risk factors for this condition, which increase the likelihood of its occurrence, include age, sex, use of electronic devices, or the intake of certain medications. Other uses of artificial tears include improving comfort when wearing contact lenses and using them after refractive surgery. Usage instructions for this product are provided by the manufacturer and generally do not specify a daily usage limit for patients. Patients should follow basic guidelines for instilling artificial tears to ensure proper use. It is estimated that between 5% and 30% of the global population should use this ophthalmic preparation. The patient profiles most likely to need it include menopausal women, individuals over 50 years old, contact lens wearers, and professionals who work daily with electronic screens. These patients frequently
Direction
Calo Santiago, Rosa (Tutorships)
Calo Santiago, Rosa (Tutorships)
Court
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Chairman)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Secretary)
SANCHEZ SELLERO, CESAR ANDRES (Member)
NOIA GULDRÍS, MANUEL (Chairman)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Secretary)
SANCHEZ SELLERO, CESAR ANDRES (Member)
Visual Function and Basketball.
Authorship
M.C.B.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
M.C.B.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.11.2024 10:00
07.11.2024 10:00
Summary
The popularity of basketball worldwide stands out with more than 450 million players and a significant increase in players and with a significant increase of licenses in Spain. In this Final Degree Thesis literature on the importance of visual function in the practice of basketball is reviewed visual function in the practice of basketball. In addition, a questionnaire was administered on the influence of sports vision in basketball influence of sports vision in basketball was administered to people who practice this sport. The studies reviewed show that, in general, athletes present superior visual skills than non-athletes visual abilities superior to those of non-athletes; standing out as relevant visual abilities in the practice of basketball peripheral vision and dynamic visual acuity, among others, stand out as relevant visual skills in the practice of basketball visual acuity, among others. In addition, the literature consulted indicates that visual training can improve the athletic performance of players can improve the athletic performance of players, being among the training techniques in this sport training techniques in this sport devices such as fitlight. The results of the questionnaire administered conclude that a very significant number of athletes are unaware of the importance of visual training significant number of athletes are unaware of the importance of sports optometry to improve their performance performance, so a breakthrough will be necessary along with more studies for its evolution will be necessary for its evolution.
The popularity of basketball worldwide stands out with more than 450 million players and a significant increase in players and with a significant increase of licenses in Spain. In this Final Degree Thesis literature on the importance of visual function in the practice of basketball is reviewed visual function in the practice of basketball. In addition, a questionnaire was administered on the influence of sports vision in basketball influence of sports vision in basketball was administered to people who practice this sport. The studies reviewed show that, in general, athletes present superior visual skills than non-athletes visual abilities superior to those of non-athletes; standing out as relevant visual abilities in the practice of basketball peripheral vision and dynamic visual acuity, among others, stand out as relevant visual skills in the practice of basketball visual acuity, among others. In addition, the literature consulted indicates that visual training can improve the athletic performance of players can improve the athletic performance of players, being among the training techniques in this sport training techniques in this sport devices such as fitlight. The results of the questionnaire administered conclude that a very significant number of athletes are unaware of the importance of visual training significant number of athletes are unaware of the importance of sports optometry to improve their performance performance, so a breakthrough will be necessary along with more studies for its evolution will be necessary for its evolution.
Direction
VAZQUEZ SANCHEZ, MARIA COVADONGA (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ SANCHEZ, MARIA COVADONGA (Tutorships)
Court
BROCOS FERNANDEZ, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
GARCIA RESUA, CARLOS (Secretary)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Member)
BROCOS FERNANDEZ, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
GARCIA RESUA, CARLOS (Secretary)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Member)
Low vision and sports
Authorship
A.M.B.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
A.M.B.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.11.2024 10:35
07.11.2024 10:35
Summary
Visual impairment affects more than 2.2 billion people in the world and is an impediment to their daily lives, both professionally and socially. Numerous studies show that low vision has a negative influence on the quality of life of those who suffer from it, with frequent cases of depression and anxiety. This condition affects their social and emotional well-being, especially in those who suffer from it as adults. Sports is presented as a method of rehabilitation and social inclusion. Although there are numerous studies on the general health benefits, there are hardly any studies focused on the visually impaired population. Similarly, studies on the number of federated athletes and on the facilitators and barriers to the practice of sport at amateur and professional level are scarce. This makes it difficult to know the specific needs and benefits of sport in their daily lives. In this Final Degree Project, a review of the literature on low vision and Paralympic and amateur sport is carried out, as well as an analysis of a questionnaire carried out on people with low vision.
Visual impairment affects more than 2.2 billion people in the world and is an impediment to their daily lives, both professionally and socially. Numerous studies show that low vision has a negative influence on the quality of life of those who suffer from it, with frequent cases of depression and anxiety. This condition affects their social and emotional well-being, especially in those who suffer from it as adults. Sports is presented as a method of rehabilitation and social inclusion. Although there are numerous studies on the general health benefits, there are hardly any studies focused on the visually impaired population. Similarly, studies on the number of federated athletes and on the facilitators and barriers to the practice of sport at amateur and professional level are scarce. This makes it difficult to know the specific needs and benefits of sport in their daily lives. In this Final Degree Project, a review of the literature on low vision and Paralympic and amateur sport is carried out, as well as an analysis of a questionnaire carried out on people with low vision.
Direction
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
Court
BROCOS FERNANDEZ, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
GARCIA RESUA, CARLOS (Secretary)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Member)
BROCOS FERNANDEZ, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
GARCIA RESUA, CARLOS (Secretary)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Member)
Optometric management in patients with diabetes.
Authorship
A.S.A.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
A.S.A.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.11.2024 11:10
07.11.2024 11:10
Summary
Diabetes is a disease of great importance worldwide today, and its prevalence is constantly increasing. This condition leads to serious complications if it is not properly detected and managed. One of the main concerns is that, in its initial stages, diabetes can occur asymptomatically. Therefore, early detection is essential to minimize associated risks. Related diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema, are among the leading causes of low vision and blindness in adults in the world. In addition to early detection, the promotion of a healthy lifestyle is essential to prevent complications, which includes the importance of having a multidisciplinary team to achieve effective care. In this context, optometrists play a crucial role in the management of diabetes especially in the identification of early signs of the disease. These signs can manifest in the form of visual alterations, such as: refractive changes, chromatic vision defects, alterations in the visual field, reduced contrast sensitivity, changes in the amplitude of accommodation and problems in binocular vision. Another important aspect that highlights the work of the optician-optometrist is in visual rehabilitation. This field provides the necessary assistance for people with low vision through the use and adaptation of tools such as optical, non-optical and electronic aids, which allow significantly improve the quality of life of patients with visual loss.
Diabetes is a disease of great importance worldwide today, and its prevalence is constantly increasing. This condition leads to serious complications if it is not properly detected and managed. One of the main concerns is that, in its initial stages, diabetes can occur asymptomatically. Therefore, early detection is essential to minimize associated risks. Related diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema, are among the leading causes of low vision and blindness in adults in the world. In addition to early detection, the promotion of a healthy lifestyle is essential to prevent complications, which includes the importance of having a multidisciplinary team to achieve effective care. In this context, optometrists play a crucial role in the management of diabetes especially in the identification of early signs of the disease. These signs can manifest in the form of visual alterations, such as: refractive changes, chromatic vision defects, alterations in the visual field, reduced contrast sensitivity, changes in the amplitude of accommodation and problems in binocular vision. Another important aspect that highlights the work of the optician-optometrist is in visual rehabilitation. This field provides the necessary assistance for people with low vision through the use and adaptation of tools such as optical, non-optical and electronic aids, which allow significantly improve the quality of life of patients with visual loss.
Direction
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Tutorships)
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Tutorships)
Court
BROCOS FERNANDEZ, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
GARCIA RESUA, CARLOS (Secretary)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Member)
BROCOS FERNANDEZ, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
GARCIA RESUA, CARLOS (Secretary)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Member)
Causes of the most frequent problems when using contact lenses
Authorship
L.S.P.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
L.S.P.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.11.2024 11:45
07.11.2024 11:45
Summary
The use of contact lenses (CL) has become popular due to their aesthetic and functional benefits. However, its incorrect use or lack of knowledge of proper maintenance and care practices can lead to a series of ocular complications. This Final Degree Project (FDP) analyzes the most common problems associated with the use of CL, such as dry eyes, ocular redness, neovascularization, corneal abrasion, keratitis, etc. To subsequently investigate the underlying causes of these problems, considering environmental factors, maintenance practices and individual characteristics of the users. In addition, a survey is carried out on CL users to evaluate their habits of ocular hygiene.
The use of contact lenses (CL) has become popular due to their aesthetic and functional benefits. However, its incorrect use or lack of knowledge of proper maintenance and care practices can lead to a series of ocular complications. This Final Degree Project (FDP) analyzes the most common problems associated with the use of CL, such as dry eyes, ocular redness, neovascularization, corneal abrasion, keratitis, etc. To subsequently investigate the underlying causes of these problems, considering environmental factors, maintenance practices and individual characteristics of the users. In addition, a survey is carried out on CL users to evaluate their habits of ocular hygiene.
Direction
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Tutorships)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Tutorships)
Court
BROCOS FERNANDEZ, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
GARCIA RESUA, CARLOS (Secretary)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Member)
BROCOS FERNANDEZ, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
GARCIA RESUA, CARLOS (Secretary)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Member)
Causes of increased myopia. methods to combat it.
Authorship
A.V.F.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
A.V.F.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.11.2024 12:20
07.11.2024 12:20
Summary
Myopia is one of the most topical topics today. This is due to the increase in myopic myopic, which does not stop growing, in the population. Because of this rapid growth of myopic myopic, methods are needed to slow down this refractive error. In addition, myopic people are more likely to suffer from secondary risks of myopia, so it is important to combat this problem. For this reason, there are currently different treatments to stop myopia. New therapies are also emerging that appear to be promising, but more information is still needed. This literature review compiles different studies of current treatments to obtain knowledge about their efficacy and adverse effects, if any. Ophthalmic and contact lenses use the same principle, which is treated in peripheral blurring, which has good results in slowing down myopia. It is followed by orthokeratology, which can also be combined with atropine in low doses also giving promising responses. However, atropine can have a rebound effect, so it is recommended to follow the other therapies. Finally, the red light is under study, as recent studies have come out with promising results. However, more data is needed to ensure that it does not cause any damage at the level of the retina.
Myopia is one of the most topical topics today. This is due to the increase in myopic myopic, which does not stop growing, in the population. Because of this rapid growth of myopic myopic, methods are needed to slow down this refractive error. In addition, myopic people are more likely to suffer from secondary risks of myopia, so it is important to combat this problem. For this reason, there are currently different treatments to stop myopia. New therapies are also emerging that appear to be promising, but more information is still needed. This literature review compiles different studies of current treatments to obtain knowledge about their efficacy and adverse effects, if any. Ophthalmic and contact lenses use the same principle, which is treated in peripheral blurring, which has good results in slowing down myopia. It is followed by orthokeratology, which can also be combined with atropine in low doses also giving promising responses. However, atropine can have a rebound effect, so it is recommended to follow the other therapies. Finally, the red light is under study, as recent studies have come out with promising results. However, more data is needed to ensure that it does not cause any damage at the level of the retina.
Direction
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Tutorships)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Tutorships)
Court
BROCOS FERNANDEZ, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
GARCIA RESUA, CARLOS (Secretary)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Member)
BROCOS FERNANDEZ, MARIA DEL PILAR (Chairman)
GARCIA RESUA, CARLOS (Secretary)
GIGIREY PRIETO, LUZ MARIA (Member)
Correlation between Corneal Biomechanical indexes and the gravity of Keratoconus.
Authorship
A.J.F.G.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
A.J.F.G.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.11.2024 17:15
07.11.2024 17:15
Summary
Keratoconus is an ectatic corneal disease that affects corneal morphology and biomechanics. In recent years, corneal biomechanics has been investigated as a key factor in the diagnosis and management of keratoconus. In the following work, a bibliographic review is carried out on the relationship between corneal biomechanics indexes and the severity of keratoconus, determining the usefulness of different devices and their biomechanical parameters in the prediction and monitoring of this ocular pathology.
Keratoconus is an ectatic corneal disease that affects corneal morphology and biomechanics. In recent years, corneal biomechanics has been investigated as a key factor in the diagnosis and management of keratoconus. In the following work, a bibliographic review is carried out on the relationship between corneal biomechanics indexes and the severity of keratoconus, determining the usefulness of different devices and their biomechanical parameters in the prediction and monitoring of this ocular pathology.
Direction
LEMA GESTO, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Regueiro Lorenzo, Uxía (Co-tutorships)
LEMA GESTO, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Regueiro Lorenzo, Uxía (Co-tutorships)
Court
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Member)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Member)
Astigmatism. Definition, types, discovery, laws, ways to prescribe them, treatments.
Authorship
C.L.A.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
C.L.A.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.11.2024 17:35
07.11.2024 17:35
Summary
Astigmatism is a refractive error that affects vision due to irregularities in the cornea or lens, resulting in a blurred or distorted image. This condition presents a multitude of classification options. The etiology of astigmatism is complex; the existence of a combination of genetic, environmental and physiological factors that contribute to its development is studied. Throughout history, figures such as Thomas Young, George Airy and William Whewell have helped to understand and correct astigmatism. Although today, there are still numerous unknowns about this refractive error. The detection and measurement of astigmatism is carried out using subjective and objective methods, such as subjective refraction, keratometry, corneal topography, retinoscopy and in some cases ophthalmoscopy. Javal's law, together with keratometry, is a key tool to estimate total astigmatism from corneal curvature. Which is always very useful, especially in cases where subjective methods fail. Astigmatism correction options include ophthalmic lenses, contact lenses, and refractive surgery. Each of them is evaluated based on its effectiveness and suitability to the degree of astigmatism present in the patient. These methods allow the quality of life of affected people to be significantly improved.
Astigmatism is a refractive error that affects vision due to irregularities in the cornea or lens, resulting in a blurred or distorted image. This condition presents a multitude of classification options. The etiology of astigmatism is complex; the existence of a combination of genetic, environmental and physiological factors that contribute to its development is studied. Throughout history, figures such as Thomas Young, George Airy and William Whewell have helped to understand and correct astigmatism. Although today, there are still numerous unknowns about this refractive error. The detection and measurement of astigmatism is carried out using subjective and objective methods, such as subjective refraction, keratometry, corneal topography, retinoscopy and in some cases ophthalmoscopy. Javal's law, together with keratometry, is a key tool to estimate total astigmatism from corneal curvature. Which is always very useful, especially in cases where subjective methods fail. Astigmatism correction options include ophthalmic lenses, contact lenses, and refractive surgery. Each of them is evaluated based on its effectiveness and suitability to the degree of astigmatism present in the patient. These methods allow the quality of life of affected people to be significantly improved.
Direction
GARCIA DOMINGUEZ, GONZALO (Tutorships)
GARCIA DOMINGUEZ, GONZALO (Tutorships)
Court
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Member)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Member)
Evaluation of the posterior pole in the optometric cabinet
Authorship
A.O.P.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
A.O.P.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.11.2024 17:55
07.11.2024 17:55
Summary
The high prevalence of the posterior pole diseases and the important visual losses they generate make the role of the optometrist take on special importance as a primary care profesional in the prevention and early detection of this pathologies. Thus, the most significant pathologies that affect the posterior pole are detailed, their characteristic signs and the methods we have in the optometric cabinet for their detection. Furthermore, the most used observation equipments in the optometric centres at the moment are commented and finally, the content that should present a optometric inform is presented.
The high prevalence of the posterior pole diseases and the important visual losses they generate make the role of the optometrist take on special importance as a primary care profesional in the prevention and early detection of this pathologies. Thus, the most significant pathologies that affect the posterior pole are detailed, their characteristic signs and the methods we have in the optometric cabinet for their detection. Furthermore, the most used observation equipments in the optometric centres at the moment are commented and finally, the content that should present a optometric inform is presented.
Direction
Calo Santiago, Rosa (Tutorships)
Calo Santiago, Rosa (Tutorships)
Court
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Member)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Member)
Undergraduate Dissertation: Visual Rehabilitation in Stargardt Disease
Authorship
A.R.V.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
A.R.V.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.11.2024 18:15
07.11.2024 18:15
Summary
Stargardt disease is a hereditary macular dystrophy that causes progressive loss of central vision. This work investigates the prevalence, etiology, signs and symptoms, and methods of evaluation and rehabilitation for affected patients. A literature review was conducted to assess visual rehabilitation techniques, including eccentric fixation, the use of optical and non-optical aids, and assistive technology. The results indicate that training techniques and various aids significantly improve the quality of life of patients. It concludes with the importance of a comprehensive optometric evaluation and a personalized rehabilitation process for the effective management of Stargardt disease.
Stargardt disease is a hereditary macular dystrophy that causes progressive loss of central vision. This work investigates the prevalence, etiology, signs and symptoms, and methods of evaluation and rehabilitation for affected patients. A literature review was conducted to assess visual rehabilitation techniques, including eccentric fixation, the use of optical and non-optical aids, and assistive technology. The results indicate that training techniques and various aids significantly improve the quality of life of patients. It concludes with the importance of a comprehensive optometric evaluation and a personalized rehabilitation process for the effective management of Stargardt disease.
Direction
PEREZ BALADRON, ADRIAN (Tutorships)
PEREZ BALADRON, ADRIAN (Tutorships)
Court
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Member)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Member)
Myopia control
Authorship
A.B.J.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
A.B.J.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.10.2024 15:00
07.10.2024 15:00
Summary
With the great increase in the prevalence of myopia and the one that is estimated to continue growing in recent years, it is very important to search for methods that can help slow it down or even prevent it from occurring. Since myopia, apart from being an ametropia, significantly increases the risk of developing irreversible eye diseases that can lead to blindness. This paper compiles the most common methods for myopia control, through studies that determine whether or not the techniques are effective, and what possible adverse effects they may have for patients. Most of these methods, such as contact lenses and ophthalmic lenses or orthokeratology, are aimed at avoiding peripheral hyperopic defocus, which is related to myopia progression. In turn, good results have been obtained with the use of atropine, but this can generate various adverse effects and also have a rebound effect, so new techniques have appeared, such as low-power red light, which seems to be giving good results without the problems of adverse effects. And it has also been seen that there are techniques that were used which did not meet their objectives, such as hypocorrection. It has also been observed that it is necessary to spend time outdoors during childhood, as it can help both in the development and prevention of myopia.
With the great increase in the prevalence of myopia and the one that is estimated to continue growing in recent years, it is very important to search for methods that can help slow it down or even prevent it from occurring. Since myopia, apart from being an ametropia, significantly increases the risk of developing irreversible eye diseases that can lead to blindness. This paper compiles the most common methods for myopia control, through studies that determine whether or not the techniques are effective, and what possible adverse effects they may have for patients. Most of these methods, such as contact lenses and ophthalmic lenses or orthokeratology, are aimed at avoiding peripheral hyperopic defocus, which is related to myopia progression. In turn, good results have been obtained with the use of atropine, but this can generate various adverse effects and also have a rebound effect, so new techniques have appeared, such as low-power red light, which seems to be giving good results without the problems of adverse effects. And it has also been seen that there are techniques that were used which did not meet their objectives, such as hypocorrection. It has also been observed that it is necessary to spend time outdoors during childhood, as it can help both in the development and prevention of myopia.
Direction
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Tutorships)
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Tutorships)
Court
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Student’s tutor)
Punín Dorrio, Eva (Student’s tutor)
Reflection problems in ophthalmic lenses
Authorship
J.C.G.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
J.C.G.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.09.2024 18:00
07.09.2024 18:00
Summary
The problems generated by reflection in ophthalmic lenses will be explored, addressing various issues such as the so-called ghost images. The negative implications that these problems cause in the user's visual experience and their associated difficulties will be examined, as well as solutions to improve the optical quality of the lenses.
The problems generated by reflection in ophthalmic lenses will be explored, addressing various issues such as the so-called ghost images. The negative implications that these problems cause in the user's visual experience and their associated difficulties will be examined, as well as solutions to improve the optical quality of the lenses.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ MARTINEZ, JUAN IGNACIO (Tutorships)
Gómez Varela, Ana Isabel (Co-tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ MARTINEZ, JUAN IGNACIO (Tutorships)
Gómez Varela, Ana Isabel (Co-tutorships)
Court
Gómez Varela, Ana Isabel (Student’s tutor)
RODRIGUEZ MARTINEZ, JUAN IGNACIO (Student’s tutor)
Gómez Varela, Ana Isabel (Student’s tutor)
RODRIGUEZ MARTINEZ, JUAN IGNACIO (Student’s tutor)
Anatomical and functional changes of the meibomian glands associated with age and pathologies.
Authorship
M.F.L.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
M.F.L.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.10.2024 14:00
07.10.2024 14:00
Summary
The lipids provided by the Meibomian Glands (MG) are of utmost importance to maintain good stability and homeostasis of the tear film, since the compound they secrete, known as meibum, is deposited on the aqueous layer of the tear and is responsible for to reduce the surface tension of the tear film, improve tear dispersion during blinking and delay evaporation. Dysfunction of the meibomian glands (MGD) is increasingly present in people, since any hormonal, neural or mechanical alteration can cause an alteration in these glands and this would cause an alteration in the tear film and even cause lead to diseases on the ocular surface. , such as dry eye disease (DED), to which it is closely related. In the present work, a detailed description of the MG will be made, what is their function and involvement in the ocular surface, their anatomy and physiology, and the composition of the material they secrete. There will be a review of the different diseases that can affect the ocular surface, giving a brief introduction to them and an explanation of how they can cause DMG and DED due to changes in tear homeostasis or in the physiology of the ocular system. The diseases that will be discussed are DED, MGD, Sjögren's disease, diabetes mellitus, thyroid, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and ocular changes that occur with age. Some of the risk factors for these diseases and their ocular symptoms will be mentioned. The present work consists of 8163 words.
The lipids provided by the Meibomian Glands (MG) are of utmost importance to maintain good stability and homeostasis of the tear film, since the compound they secrete, known as meibum, is deposited on the aqueous layer of the tear and is responsible for to reduce the surface tension of the tear film, improve tear dispersion during blinking and delay evaporation. Dysfunction of the meibomian glands (MGD) is increasingly present in people, since any hormonal, neural or mechanical alteration can cause an alteration in these glands and this would cause an alteration in the tear film and even cause lead to diseases on the ocular surface. , such as dry eye disease (DED), to which it is closely related. In the present work, a detailed description of the MG will be made, what is their function and involvement in the ocular surface, their anatomy and physiology, and the composition of the material they secrete. There will be a review of the different diseases that can affect the ocular surface, giving a brief introduction to them and an explanation of how they can cause DMG and DED due to changes in tear homeostasis or in the physiology of the ocular system. The diseases that will be discussed are DED, MGD, Sjögren's disease, diabetes mellitus, thyroid, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and ocular changes that occur with age. Some of the risk factors for these diseases and their ocular symptoms will be mentioned. The present work consists of 8163 words.
Direction
García Queiruga, Jacobo (Tutorships)
García Queiruga, Jacobo (Tutorships)
Court
García Queiruga, Jacobo (Student’s tutor)
García Queiruga, Jacobo (Student’s tutor)
Low vision in sports.
Authorship
L.G.D.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
L.G.D.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.08.2024 13:30
07.08.2024 13:30
Summary
Most of the decisions that an athlete makes during their activity are derived from the reaction to stimuli that come from the environment and are perceived through their senses. Since approximately 80% of the information we receive from the outside comes through sight, visual ability is a really important factor as it significantly influences their performance. This final degree project consists of a literature review that focuses on exploring the relationship between low vision and the development of sports activities, both recreationally and competitively. The practice of sports by people with visual disabilities not only seeks to achieve the common objectives of all physical activities, but for people with low vision, it provides an escape from a sometimes sedentary and solitary routine. Sports give them the opportunity to achieve greater independence in movement and develop specific physical skills that facilitate better adaptation to daily life. On the other hand, the different institutions that make it possible to hold higher-level competitions will also be addressed, as well as the different visual and non-visual aids that athletes can use, adapted to the sport they practice and their degree of visual impairment. There is a wide variety of adapted sports available for different ages and levels, allowing them to participate in training and competitions. These sports are usually classified according to the criteria established by the IBSA, taking into account the visual capabilities of the participants.
Most of the decisions that an athlete makes during their activity are derived from the reaction to stimuli that come from the environment and are perceived through their senses. Since approximately 80% of the information we receive from the outside comes through sight, visual ability is a really important factor as it significantly influences their performance. This final degree project consists of a literature review that focuses on exploring the relationship between low vision and the development of sports activities, both recreationally and competitively. The practice of sports by people with visual disabilities not only seeks to achieve the common objectives of all physical activities, but for people with low vision, it provides an escape from a sometimes sedentary and solitary routine. Sports give them the opportunity to achieve greater independence in movement and develop specific physical skills that facilitate better adaptation to daily life. On the other hand, the different institutions that make it possible to hold higher-level competitions will also be addressed, as well as the different visual and non-visual aids that athletes can use, adapted to the sport they practice and their degree of visual impairment. There is a wide variety of adapted sports available for different ages and levels, allowing them to participate in training and competitions. These sports are usually classified according to the criteria established by the IBSA, taking into account the visual capabilities of the participants.
Direction
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
Visual ergonomics in compulsory education classrooms and pvd jobs
Authorship
C.J.M.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
C.J.M.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.11.2024 13:00
07.11.2024 13:00
Summary
Ergonomics is a multidisciplinary science taht studies the skills and limitations of the human beig, relevant to the design of tools, machines, systems and environments. Visual ergonomics, on the other hand, is a subdiscipline of ergonomics, which tries to identify and evaluate envioronmental and occupational aspects that can cause eye healt or visual functionality problems. The term ergonomics comes from the Greek words ergon, which means work, and nomos which means science or study of. We can transcribe it, then, as the science of work. According to the International Ergonomics Association (IEA, 2001), there are three specialties within this field of study: Physical ergonomics, cognitive ergonomics, and organizational ergonomics. Physicalergonomicsand biomechanical characteristics related to physical activity at work. This is the speciality in which we are going to focus in this final degree project, as it is the only field that interests us within the wide world that comprises ergonomics. Within this final degree project we will deal with several topics, mainly we will talk about ergonomics in compulsory education classrooms and in workplaces with data visualization screen (PVD). We will base ourselves on current legislation to be able to give our point of view as professionals in the health sector of the things that are being carried out incorrectly and how they should be to achieve correct harmonisation in compulsory education centres and in workplaces. The objective is to be able to improve the quiality of life of these people, since, thanks to a series of adjustments and modifications, their general and visual health could be greatly improved, in the short, médium and long term.
Ergonomics is a multidisciplinary science taht studies the skills and limitations of the human beig, relevant to the design of tools, machines, systems and environments. Visual ergonomics, on the other hand, is a subdiscipline of ergonomics, which tries to identify and evaluate envioronmental and occupational aspects that can cause eye healt or visual functionality problems. The term ergonomics comes from the Greek words ergon, which means work, and nomos which means science or study of. We can transcribe it, then, as the science of work. According to the International Ergonomics Association (IEA, 2001), there are three specialties within this field of study: Physical ergonomics, cognitive ergonomics, and organizational ergonomics. Physicalergonomicsand biomechanical characteristics related to physical activity at work. This is the speciality in which we are going to focus in this final degree project, as it is the only field that interests us within the wide world that comprises ergonomics. Within this final degree project we will deal with several topics, mainly we will talk about ergonomics in compulsory education classrooms and in workplaces with data visualization screen (PVD). We will base ourselves on current legislation to be able to give our point of view as professionals in the health sector of the things that are being carried out incorrectly and how they should be to achieve correct harmonisation in compulsory education centres and in workplaces. The objective is to be able to improve the quiality of life of these people, since, thanks to a series of adjustments and modifications, their general and visual health could be greatly improved, in the short, médium and long term.
Direction
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Tutorships)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Tutorships)
Court
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Student’s tutor)
DUBRA FERNANDEZ, ALEXANDER (Student’s tutor)
Ocular prosthesis and orbital epithesis
Authorship
N.L.P.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
N.L.P.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.08.2024 14:00
07.08.2024 14:00
Summary
This paper consists of a literature review on ocular prosthesis and orbital epithesis. It will briefly tell the history of ocular prosthesis: what is their origin and how they evolved until today. The main causes of the loss of the eyeball will be discussed, as well as the surgical interventions that can be performed, understanding what each one consists of and in which pathology they are indicated. The different types of ocular prosthesis will be presented, from contact lenses to conformers, indicating the use of each one. The manufacture of ocular prosthesis and orbital epithesis will be detailed, explaining how each process is carried out and what materials are used in each case. The handling and care of the prosthetic aid will be explained, including how it is placed in the eye and how it is removed, how often it is changed and how to maintain it in suitable hygienic conditions, as well as recommendations that the patient can follow. The quality of life of a patient who has lost their eye will be presented in a way that empathise with these people, addressing issues ranging from comfort with their prosthesis to their mental health. Finally, we will look at what's new today.
This paper consists of a literature review on ocular prosthesis and orbital epithesis. It will briefly tell the history of ocular prosthesis: what is their origin and how they evolved until today. The main causes of the loss of the eyeball will be discussed, as well as the surgical interventions that can be performed, understanding what each one consists of and in which pathology they are indicated. The different types of ocular prosthesis will be presented, from contact lenses to conformers, indicating the use of each one. The manufacture of ocular prosthesis and orbital epithesis will be detailed, explaining how each process is carried out and what materials are used in each case. The handling and care of the prosthetic aid will be explained, including how it is placed in the eye and how it is removed, how often it is changed and how to maintain it in suitable hygienic conditions, as well as recommendations that the patient can follow. The quality of life of a patient who has lost their eye will be presented in a way that empathise with these people, addressing issues ranging from comfort with their prosthesis to their mental health. Finally, we will look at what's new today.
Direction
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
Court
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
Manufacturing and characterization of self-adhering lenses for visual correction
Authorship
S.M.M.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
S.M.M.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.09.2024 17:00
07.09.2024 17:00
Summary
This undergraduate thesis focuses on the development of self-adhering lenses to improve the quality of life for people with amblyopia and low vision. These lenses are made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), an elastomeric material that is optically transparent, gas-permeable, and easily manipulable. Amblyopia is the leading cause of visual impairment in children, characterized by reduced visual acuity due to inadequate visual experience during early childhood. The treatment involves penalizing the non-amblyopic eye with positive lenses to stimulate the affected eye. On the other hand, low vision is a condition that does not improve with conventional treatments and affects people of all ages, potentially resulting from degenerative eye diseases. Low vision aids are divided into optical and non-optical, with notable optical aid including magnifiers, microscopes, telescopes, and filters. The objective of this work is to develop self-adhering PDMS lenses with positive power to penalize vision in patients with amblyopia, as well as to manufacture visual aids for people with low vision, including monocular microscopes, telescopes, and color filters. To achieve this, optical and mechanical properties such as refractive index, powers, magnifications, penalization capacity, and lens adhesion were evaluated. The results demonstrated that self-adhering lenses are a viable and cost-effective solution for vision correction, easily adapting to the patient's needs. The tests indicated that these lenses can significantly improve visual quality for both near and distant vision, and that color filters help reduce glare and improve contrast. In conclusion, this work proposes a significant innovation in the field of optometry, offering accessible and effective solutions for complex visual conditions.
This undergraduate thesis focuses on the development of self-adhering lenses to improve the quality of life for people with amblyopia and low vision. These lenses are made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), an elastomeric material that is optically transparent, gas-permeable, and easily manipulable. Amblyopia is the leading cause of visual impairment in children, characterized by reduced visual acuity due to inadequate visual experience during early childhood. The treatment involves penalizing the non-amblyopic eye with positive lenses to stimulate the affected eye. On the other hand, low vision is a condition that does not improve with conventional treatments and affects people of all ages, potentially resulting from degenerative eye diseases. Low vision aids are divided into optical and non-optical, with notable optical aid including magnifiers, microscopes, telescopes, and filters. The objective of this work is to develop self-adhering PDMS lenses with positive power to penalize vision in patients with amblyopia, as well as to manufacture visual aids for people with low vision, including monocular microscopes, telescopes, and color filters. To achieve this, optical and mechanical properties such as refractive index, powers, magnifications, penalization capacity, and lens adhesion were evaluated. The results demonstrated that self-adhering lenses are a viable and cost-effective solution for vision correction, easily adapting to the patient's needs. The tests indicated that these lenses can significantly improve visual quality for both near and distant vision, and that color filters help reduce glare and improve contrast. In conclusion, this work proposes a significant innovation in the field of optometry, offering accessible and effective solutions for complex visual conditions.
Direction
ARINES PIFERRER, JUSTO (Tutorships)
Gómez Varela, Ana Isabel (Co-tutorships)
ARINES PIFERRER, JUSTO (Tutorships)
Gómez Varela, Ana Isabel (Co-tutorships)
Court
ARINES PIFERRER, JUSTO (Student’s tutor)
Gómez Varela, Ana Isabel (Student’s tutor)
ARINES PIFERRER, JUSTO (Student’s tutor)
Gómez Varela, Ana Isabel (Student’s tutor)
Corneal biomechanical properties in myopic eyes and their relationship with age
Authorship
D.R.D.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
D.R.D.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.12.2024 16:00
07.12.2024 16:00
Summary
The study of corneal biomechanical properties is very useful for the diagnosis of ocular conditions that cause alteration of corneal tissue. Myopia is a refractive error with a high incidence and one of the main causes of global blindness. Biomechanical factors such as corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor are investigated as possible indicators of myopia, but it is necessary to study whether there are other biomechanical corneal parameters that contribute to predicting its progression. Furthermore, it is recognized that corneal biomechanical properties alter with age, predisposing to changes in certain corneal conditions. This literature review provides a comprehensive understanding of how myopia and age affect the biomechanical properties of the cornea and provides the basis for future research.
The study of corneal biomechanical properties is very useful for the diagnosis of ocular conditions that cause alteration of corneal tissue. Myopia is a refractive error with a high incidence and one of the main causes of global blindness. Biomechanical factors such as corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor are investigated as possible indicators of myopia, but it is necessary to study whether there are other biomechanical corneal parameters that contribute to predicting its progression. Furthermore, it is recognized that corneal biomechanical properties alter with age, predisposing to changes in certain corneal conditions. This literature review provides a comprehensive understanding of how myopia and age affect the biomechanical properties of the cornea and provides the basis for future research.
Direction
LEMA GESTO, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Regueiro Lorenzo, Uxía (Co-tutorships)
LEMA GESTO, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Regueiro Lorenzo, Uxía (Co-tutorships)
Court
LEMA GESTO, MARIA ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
Regueiro Lorenzo, Uxía (Student’s tutor)
LEMA GESTO, MARIA ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
Regueiro Lorenzo, Uxía (Student’s tutor)
Contact lenses and display screen users
Authorship
Y.S.C.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Y.S.C.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.10.2024 12:00
07.10.2024 12:00
Summary
The use of display screens (PV) has visual consequences, ocular and extraocular. At the level of the ocular surface, the tear film suffers from rapid evaporation due to the decrease in blinking frequency when using electronic devices, in addition to creating dysfunction of the meibomian glands, especially on computers due to the angle of gaze that is required of us. greater eyelid opening and exposes the cornea to the environment. Furthermore, the electromagnetic radiation and blue light emitted by these devices also cause damage to the retina. On the other hand, visual fatigue is very present in students and workers who spend a lot of time in front of PVs. When used in a close-looking position, the demand for accommodation and convergence is greater and binocular problems may appear. The use of the mobile phone is affected in this case as it is the device that we use closest to our eyes. Another major point is the use of contact lenses (CL), which aggravates in much of what happened with the PVs. The LC destructures the tear of the cornea, offers friction on the tarsal conjunctiva, and in many cases discomfort to the user. For this, there are certain preventive methods such as LC or specific ophthalmic glasses that can reduce the signs and symptoms indicated.
The use of display screens (PV) has visual consequences, ocular and extraocular. At the level of the ocular surface, the tear film suffers from rapid evaporation due to the decrease in blinking frequency when using electronic devices, in addition to creating dysfunction of the meibomian glands, especially on computers due to the angle of gaze that is required of us. greater eyelid opening and exposes the cornea to the environment. Furthermore, the electromagnetic radiation and blue light emitted by these devices also cause damage to the retina. On the other hand, visual fatigue is very present in students and workers who spend a lot of time in front of PVs. When used in a close-looking position, the demand for accommodation and convergence is greater and binocular problems may appear. The use of the mobile phone is affected in this case as it is the device that we use closest to our eyes. Another major point is the use of contact lenses (CL), which aggravates in much of what happened with the PVs. The LC destructures the tear of the cornea, offers friction on the tarsal conjunctiva, and in many cases discomfort to the user. For this, there are certain preventive methods such as LC or specific ophthalmic glasses that can reduce the signs and symptoms indicated.
Direction
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Tutorships)
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Tutorships)
Court
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Student’s tutor)
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Student’s tutor)
Management of Irregular Corneas with Scleral and Hybrid Lenses
Authorship
A.S.G.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
A.S.G.
Bachelor of Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.10.2024 09:45
07.10.2024 09:45
Summary
This work explores the use of scleral and hybrid lenses for managing irregular corneas, which exhibit significant asymmetries causing vision distortion. These irregularities may stem from pathologies such as keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, and other secondary corneal ectasias. The study is conducted through a literature review that analyzes and compares the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of scleral and hybrid lenses, advanced technologies developed to correct visual deficiencies in irregular corneas. Traditionally, these conditions were treated with glasses and rigid gas-permeable (rgp) lenses, but technological advancements have led to the creation of more specific and effective solutions. The document is structured into several sections. First, the theoretical framework of the pathologies causing corneal irregularities is addressed, highlighting keratoconus as the most common. The signs, symptoms, causes, diagnostic methods, and treatments of keratoconus are described, emphasizing the importance of corneal topography, pachymetry, and other diagnostic techniques. Next, the technical characteristics and fitting criteria of scleral and hybrid lenses are detailed. Initially used for mild and moderate cases, these lenses have also proven effective in severe irregularities. Finally, results from studies evaluating the performance of these lenses, their complications, and clinical applicability are presented. The efficacy of different types of lenses is compared, and recommendations are made regarding the most suitable options for managing irregular corneas. The main objective of this work is to understand the current state of contact lens fitting for irregular corneas, outline the fitting process, and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of scleral and hybrid lenses. Specific objectives include studying the designs and parameters of these lenses, analyzing the corneal alterations where they are used, and comparing the efficacy between both types of lenses.
This work explores the use of scleral and hybrid lenses for managing irregular corneas, which exhibit significant asymmetries causing vision distortion. These irregularities may stem from pathologies such as keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, and other secondary corneal ectasias. The study is conducted through a literature review that analyzes and compares the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of scleral and hybrid lenses, advanced technologies developed to correct visual deficiencies in irregular corneas. Traditionally, these conditions were treated with glasses and rigid gas-permeable (rgp) lenses, but technological advancements have led to the creation of more specific and effective solutions. The document is structured into several sections. First, the theoretical framework of the pathologies causing corneal irregularities is addressed, highlighting keratoconus as the most common. The signs, symptoms, causes, diagnostic methods, and treatments of keratoconus are described, emphasizing the importance of corneal topography, pachymetry, and other diagnostic techniques. Next, the technical characteristics and fitting criteria of scleral and hybrid lenses are detailed. Initially used for mild and moderate cases, these lenses have also proven effective in severe irregularities. Finally, results from studies evaluating the performance of these lenses, their complications, and clinical applicability are presented. The efficacy of different types of lenses is compared, and recommendations are made regarding the most suitable options for managing irregular corneas. The main objective of this work is to understand the current state of contact lens fitting for irregular corneas, outline the fitting process, and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of scleral and hybrid lenses. Specific objectives include studying the designs and parameters of these lenses, analyzing the corneal alterations where they are used, and comparing the efficacy between both types of lenses.
Direction
Ferreiro Figueiras, Dolores Purificación (Tutorships)
Ferreiro Figueiras, Dolores Purificación (Tutorships)
Court
Ferreiro Figueiras, Dolores Purificación (Student’s tutor)
Ferreiro Figueiras, Dolores Purificación (Student’s tutor)
Soft contact lenses as drug delivery systems
Authorship
T.P.V.
Double bachelor degree in Phamacy and Optics and Optometry
T.P.V.
Double bachelor degree in Phamacy and Optics and Optometry
Defense date
02.22.2024 10:20
02.22.2024 10:20
Summary
Although eye drops account for 90% of the ocular drug market, they suffer from several limitations, most notably low availability due to short ocular residence time. To overcome these limitations and maintain adequate therapeutic levels over a longer period of time, Drug Delivery Soft Contact Lenses (DDSCL) were proposed. A review of various studies on DDSCLs is made, especially on the main methods of drug loading in soft contact lenses, indicating their specific advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the more recent trend of smart lenses, an innovative version of DDSCLs that allow the dose of drug delivered to be adjusted according to physiological changes detected by the lenses themselves, is discussed.
Although eye drops account for 90% of the ocular drug market, they suffer from several limitations, most notably low availability due to short ocular residence time. To overcome these limitations and maintain adequate therapeutic levels over a longer period of time, Drug Delivery Soft Contact Lenses (DDSCL) were proposed. A review of various studies on DDSCLs is made, especially on the main methods of drug loading in soft contact lenses, indicating their specific advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the more recent trend of smart lenses, an innovative version of DDSCLs that allow the dose of drug delivered to be adjusted according to physiological changes detected by the lenses themselves, is discussed.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Chairman)
SANMARTIN LOPEZ, VICTOR (Secretary)
González Jartín, Jesús María (Member)
Soft contact lenses as drug delivery systems
Authorship
T.P.V.
Double bachelor degree in Phamacy and Optics and Optometry
T.P.V.
Double bachelor degree in Phamacy and Optics and Optometry
Defense date
02.08.2024 13:00
02.08.2024 13:00
Summary
This review presents Soft Contact Lenses (SCL) as drug delivery systems, proposing them as an alternative to the administration of eye drops for the treatment of eye diseases. Although eye drops account for 95% of the ocular drug market, they suffer from several limitations, most notably low permeability caused by short ocular residence time. To overcome these limitations and maintain adequate therapeutic levels over a longer period of time, Drug Delivery Soft Contact Lenses (DDSCL) were proposed. The advantages of using DDSCL over the use of eye drops are well known: they offer the possibility to customise the drug dose, the dosing is more precise, and they allow dose reduction that attenuates systemic absorption, resulting in a reduced risk of adverse side effects, among others. The attractiveness of DDSCL led to numerous research studies that developed systems with high drug-loading capacity and balanced and controlled drug release. A review of several of these studies is given, highlighting the possible variations in chemical and physical characteristics that DDSCL may have and their relevance in the treatment of various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma or diabetes. In addition, a more recent trend is presented, such as smart contact lenses, a more innovative version of DDSCL that allow the dose of drug released to be adjusted according to the physiological changes detected by the lenses themselves.
This review presents Soft Contact Lenses (SCL) as drug delivery systems, proposing them as an alternative to the administration of eye drops for the treatment of eye diseases. Although eye drops account for 95% of the ocular drug market, they suffer from several limitations, most notably low permeability caused by short ocular residence time. To overcome these limitations and maintain adequate therapeutic levels over a longer period of time, Drug Delivery Soft Contact Lenses (DDSCL) were proposed. The advantages of using DDSCL over the use of eye drops are well known: they offer the possibility to customise the drug dose, the dosing is more precise, and they allow dose reduction that attenuates systemic absorption, resulting in a reduced risk of adverse side effects, among others. The attractiveness of DDSCL led to numerous research studies that developed systems with high drug-loading capacity and balanced and controlled drug release. A review of several of these studies is given, highlighting the possible variations in chemical and physical characteristics that DDSCL may have and their relevance in the treatment of various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma or diabetes. In addition, a more recent trend is presented, such as smart contact lenses, a more innovative version of DDSCL that allow the dose of drug released to be adjusted according to the physiological changes detected by the lenses themselves.
Direction
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Tutorships)
NOYA PADIN, VERONICA (Co-tutorships)
PENA VERDEAL, HUGO (Tutorships)
NOYA PADIN, VERONICA (Co-tutorships)
Court
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Chairman)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
GARCIA DOMINGUEZ, GONZALO (Member)
YEBRA-PIMENTEL VILAR, EVA (Chairman)
ABALO LOJO, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
GARCIA DOMINGUEZ, GONZALO (Member)