Key factors for success in the rearing of dairy cattle: Management strategies
Authorship
J.A.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
J.A.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 09:30
02.17.2025 09:30
Summary
This work analyzes the management strategies in the rearing of dairy cattle, highlighting the importance of efficient management from the early stages of the calf's life to the last third of its first gestation. Through the experience gained at the Recría Castro SL Rearing Center and a literature review, the benefits of outsourcing rearing have been demonstrated in terms of resource optimization, animal welfare improvement, genetic potential development, and health control. Outsourcing rearing to specialized centers allows for the production of animals with healthy and well-controlled growth, ensuring the achievement of weight and age objectives at calving set by the sector (600 kg live weight and 24 months of age). Additionally, strict health control is ensured, reducing the incidence of diseases and thus improving the sustainability of dairy farms. The study shows that planned rearing positively impacts the productive and reproductive performance of future dairy cows. Key factors such as adequate nutrition, grouping by age and development, and the application of rigorous health programs are fundamental for efficient rearing. However, challenges associated with outsourcing were identified, such as the cost of the service and health risks arising from the concentration of animals from different origins, which can be mitigated with proper management. From a divulgative perspective, this paper aims to be a useful tool for farmers and industry professionals, offering a clear and evidence-based view of the best rearing practices. The transfer of this knowledge can contribute to improving the profitability and sustainability of dairy farms, especially in the Galician context, where specific structural challenges exist. In conclusion, the specialization of rearing through outsourcing emerges as a viable and beneficial alternative to optimize dairy farm management, ensuring the incorporation of well-developed and healthy animals into the herd, which will result in greater productive and reproductive efficiency in the long term.
This work analyzes the management strategies in the rearing of dairy cattle, highlighting the importance of efficient management from the early stages of the calf's life to the last third of its first gestation. Through the experience gained at the Recría Castro SL Rearing Center and a literature review, the benefits of outsourcing rearing have been demonstrated in terms of resource optimization, animal welfare improvement, genetic potential development, and health control. Outsourcing rearing to specialized centers allows for the production of animals with healthy and well-controlled growth, ensuring the achievement of weight and age objectives at calving set by the sector (600 kg live weight and 24 months of age). Additionally, strict health control is ensured, reducing the incidence of diseases and thus improving the sustainability of dairy farms. The study shows that planned rearing positively impacts the productive and reproductive performance of future dairy cows. Key factors such as adequate nutrition, grouping by age and development, and the application of rigorous health programs are fundamental for efficient rearing. However, challenges associated with outsourcing were identified, such as the cost of the service and health risks arising from the concentration of animals from different origins, which can be mitigated with proper management. From a divulgative perspective, this paper aims to be a useful tool for farmers and industry professionals, offering a clear and evidence-based view of the best rearing practices. The transfer of this knowledge can contribute to improving the profitability and sustainability of dairy farms, especially in the Galician context, where specific structural challenges exist. In conclusion, the specialization of rearing through outsourcing emerges as a viable and beneficial alternative to optimize dairy farm management, ensuring the incorporation of well-developed and healthy animals into the herd, which will result in greater productive and reproductive efficiency in the long term.
Direction
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Grille Barbeira, Rogelio (Co-tutorships)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Grille Barbeira, Rogelio (Co-tutorships)
Court
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
The role of extensive livestock in the maintaining biodiversity
Authorship
C.A.A.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.A.A.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.24.2025 09:30
06.24.2025 09:30
Summary
Extensive livestock farming plays a key role in biodiversity conservation and the provision of ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, since it has occupied marginal territories, dehesas, pseudo-steppes, and mountain grasslands for millennia, while also promoting the maintenance of native livestock breeds adapted to the environment. These breeds, over the years, have generated mosaic landscapes of high nature value through grazing and transhumance. Although intensive livestock farming has greater production efficiency per hectare and a lower carbon footprint per kilogram (kg) of product, its dependence on concentrated feed, fertilizers, and fossil fuels means that, from an environmental perspective, extensive livestock farming is more beneficial. It promotes soil fertilization, carbon sequestration, reduces woody biomass, and maintains livestock trails and firebreaks, which reduces the risk of forest fires. Thanks to these livestock routes, transhumant livestock transport seeds, facilitating their dispersal and genetic connectivity. In terms of public policy, the latest update of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023-2027 highlights the importance of these extensive systems, as it allocates a higher percentage to agri-environmental aid and introduces the concept of eco-regimes, which promote the importance of the work of extensive systems. However, inconsistencies persist, such as the penalization of shrubs in pastures or payment for livestock numbers, as these promote the intensification of production. After conducting a literature review, we conclude that to address the challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and rural depopulation, the multifunctional value of extensive livestock farming must be recognized as a strategic tool in the transition toward more resilient and sustainable agri-food systems.
Extensive livestock farming plays a key role in biodiversity conservation and the provision of ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, since it has occupied marginal territories, dehesas, pseudo-steppes, and mountain grasslands for millennia, while also promoting the maintenance of native livestock breeds adapted to the environment. These breeds, over the years, have generated mosaic landscapes of high nature value through grazing and transhumance. Although intensive livestock farming has greater production efficiency per hectare and a lower carbon footprint per kilogram (kg) of product, its dependence on concentrated feed, fertilizers, and fossil fuels means that, from an environmental perspective, extensive livestock farming is more beneficial. It promotes soil fertilization, carbon sequestration, reduces woody biomass, and maintains livestock trails and firebreaks, which reduces the risk of forest fires. Thanks to these livestock routes, transhumant livestock transport seeds, facilitating their dispersal and genetic connectivity. In terms of public policy, the latest update of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023-2027 highlights the importance of these extensive systems, as it allocates a higher percentage to agri-environmental aid and introduces the concept of eco-regimes, which promote the importance of the work of extensive systems. However, inconsistencies persist, such as the penalization of shrubs in pastures or payment for livestock numbers, as these promote the intensification of production. After conducting a literature review, we conclude that to address the challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and rural depopulation, the multifunctional value of extensive livestock farming must be recognized as a strategic tool in the transition toward more resilient and sustainable agri-food systems.
Direction
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Tutorships)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Guardianship perception of the welfare and management of their ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)
Authorship
Y.A.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Y.A.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 09:30
02.17.2025 09:30
Summary
The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) is one of three carnivorous mammals domesticated by humans. Nowadays, it´s one of the most common pets. The aim of this study was to understand the perception of the guardians regarding the welfare and management of ferrets as pets in Spain through the development and application of an online questionnaire. A total of 293 surveys were obtained: 50.3% about females and 49.7% about males, most (42.2%) between 13 and 36 months old. Many ferrets arrived at their homes when they were less than four months old. Data show that almost all ferrets were vaccinated, dewormed and implanted within the last year. Virtually all the guardians took their ferrets to a specialist exotic veterinarian and had check-ups every year or six months. At the time of answering the questionnaire, almost all ferrets were healthy: 79.2% didn´t have behavioral problems and 73.5% didn´t have medical problems. Regarding welfare and management, the data showed that almost all ferrets lived with their guardians inside the home. Most of them lived in cages that remained open all day, although others also had a room set up for them and/or had access to the entire house. In addition, ferrets had a wide variety of environmental enrichment objects (hammocks, ramps, tunnels and toys, among others) and utensils for excrement, feeding and rest. When ferrets misbehave, half of them (52.2%) are never punished. However, when asked about ways to correct the animals, it´s perceived that many guardians don´t consider corrections as punishment.
The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) is one of three carnivorous mammals domesticated by humans. Nowadays, it´s one of the most common pets. The aim of this study was to understand the perception of the guardians regarding the welfare and management of ferrets as pets in Spain through the development and application of an online questionnaire. A total of 293 surveys were obtained: 50.3% about females and 49.7% about males, most (42.2%) between 13 and 36 months old. Many ferrets arrived at their homes when they were less than four months old. Data show that almost all ferrets were vaccinated, dewormed and implanted within the last year. Virtually all the guardians took their ferrets to a specialist exotic veterinarian and had check-ups every year or six months. At the time of answering the questionnaire, almost all ferrets were healthy: 79.2% didn´t have behavioral problems and 73.5% didn´t have medical problems. Regarding welfare and management, the data showed that almost all ferrets lived with their guardians inside the home. Most of them lived in cages that remained open all day, although others also had a room set up for them and/or had access to the entire house. In addition, ferrets had a wide variety of environmental enrichment objects (hammocks, ramps, tunnels and toys, among others) and utensils for excrement, feeding and rest. When ferrets misbehave, half of them (52.2%) are never punished. However, when asked about ways to correct the animals, it´s perceived that many guardians don´t consider corrections as punishment.
Direction
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ MARTINEZ, ANGELA (Co-tutorships)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ MARTINEZ, ANGELA (Co-tutorships)
Court
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
Pharmacological treatment of epilepsy in canine and feline species
Authorship
J.A.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
J.A.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in small animal veterinary practice, especially in dogs. This condition is characterized by a chronic predisposition to the occurrence of epileptic seizures that arise as a consequence of abnormal neuronal activity. This work presents a bibliographic review on the classification, pathophysiology, and pharmacological treatment of epilepsy in dogs and cats. In the first section, the disease is defined and the recognized classification is made, distinguishing two main groups of epileptic disorders: idiopathic epilepsy, which is of genetic or unknown origin, and structural epilepsy, which is a secondary alteration due to brain lesions. Subsequently, the neurochemical mechanisms involved are described, with special emphasis on the role of glutamate, GABA, and the main ion channels involved in neuronal excitability. Finally, the most commonly used antiepileptic drugs are reviewed, such as phenobarbital, potassium bromide, imepitoin, levetiracetam, and zonisamide, including their mechanisms of action, dosing guidelines, interactions, and adverse effects. The ultimate goal is to provide an updated and useful guide for the effective clinical management of this disease in veterinary medicine.
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in small animal veterinary practice, especially in dogs. This condition is characterized by a chronic predisposition to the occurrence of epileptic seizures that arise as a consequence of abnormal neuronal activity. This work presents a bibliographic review on the classification, pathophysiology, and pharmacological treatment of epilepsy in dogs and cats. In the first section, the disease is defined and the recognized classification is made, distinguishing two main groups of epileptic disorders: idiopathic epilepsy, which is of genetic or unknown origin, and structural epilepsy, which is a secondary alteration due to brain lesions. Subsequently, the neurochemical mechanisms involved are described, with special emphasis on the role of glutamate, GABA, and the main ion channels involved in neuronal excitability. Finally, the most commonly used antiepileptic drugs are reviewed, such as phenobarbital, potassium bromide, imepitoin, levetiracetam, and zonisamide, including their mechanisms of action, dosing guidelines, interactions, and adverse effects. The ultimate goal is to provide an updated and useful guide for the effective clinical management of this disease in veterinary medicine.
Direction
VALE GONZALEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
VALE GONZALEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
Evaluation of the effect of oral tasipimidine on preoperative stress and anesthetic management in female dogs undergoing ovariectomy.
Authorship
J.C.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
J.C.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
Objective: To assess the impact of oral administration of 30 mcg/kg of tasipimidine on preoperative stress, quality of anesthetic management, and intraoperative hemodynamic stability in female dogs undergoing elective ovariectomy. It was hypothesized that its inclusion in the preanesthetic protocol would optimize stress control and reduce pharmacological requirements during surgery. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 16 adult female dogs, assigned to two groups: Tasipimidine (n=8) and Placebo (n=8). Physiological, behavioral, hematological, and biochemical parameters were evaluated, along with variables related to anesthetic induction, intraoperative monitoring, and rescue analgesia. Stress levels were assessed using the Clinical Dog Stress Scale, Visual Analogue Scale, and Reactivity Evaluation Form. Statistical analysis was performed after verifying normality and homogeneity of variances, applying the appropriate tests at each step (p less than 0.05). Results: No statistically significant differences were found between groups in baseline physical variables (weight, age, and body condition) or in preoperative hematological and biochemical parameters. Tasipimidine-treated dogs exhibited better cooperation during physical examination and lower stress scores, although not statistically significant. Improved clinical handling and reduced behavioral reactivity were observed in this group. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, the tasipimidine group required higher doses of propofol for adequate anesthetic induction and received a higher number of fentanyl boluses for intraoperative analgesia. Additionally, more pronounced bradycardia was observed following dexmedetomidine administration in this group compared to placebo, suggesting a potentially undesirable additive effect between both alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Conclusion: Oral tasipimidine, administered prior to elective ovariectomy, did not demonstrate clinical utility as an anesthetic adjunct under the conditions evaluated. Although a slight improvement in preoperative behavior was noted, its use was associated with increased pharmacological requirements and marked bradycardia when combined with dexmedetomidine, limiting its suitability in multimodal protocols involving alpha-2 agonists.
Objective: To assess the impact of oral administration of 30 mcg/kg of tasipimidine on preoperative stress, quality of anesthetic management, and intraoperative hemodynamic stability in female dogs undergoing elective ovariectomy. It was hypothesized that its inclusion in the preanesthetic protocol would optimize stress control and reduce pharmacological requirements during surgery. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 16 adult female dogs, assigned to two groups: Tasipimidine (n=8) and Placebo (n=8). Physiological, behavioral, hematological, and biochemical parameters were evaluated, along with variables related to anesthetic induction, intraoperative monitoring, and rescue analgesia. Stress levels were assessed using the Clinical Dog Stress Scale, Visual Analogue Scale, and Reactivity Evaluation Form. Statistical analysis was performed after verifying normality and homogeneity of variances, applying the appropriate tests at each step (p less than 0.05). Results: No statistically significant differences were found between groups in baseline physical variables (weight, age, and body condition) or in preoperative hematological and biochemical parameters. Tasipimidine-treated dogs exhibited better cooperation during physical examination and lower stress scores, although not statistically significant. Improved clinical handling and reduced behavioral reactivity were observed in this group. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, the tasipimidine group required higher doses of propofol for adequate anesthetic induction and received a higher number of fentanyl boluses for intraoperative analgesia. Additionally, more pronounced bradycardia was observed following dexmedetomidine administration in this group compared to placebo, suggesting a potentially undesirable additive effect between both alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Conclusion: Oral tasipimidine, administered prior to elective ovariectomy, did not demonstrate clinical utility as an anesthetic adjunct under the conditions evaluated. Although a slight improvement in preoperative behavior was noted, its use was associated with increased pharmacological requirements and marked bradycardia when combined with dexmedetomidine, limiting its suitability in multimodal protocols involving alpha-2 agonists.
Direction
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
Strychnine poisoning in animals
Authorship
G.C.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
G.C.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 09:30
02.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Strychnine is an extremely poisonous substance of the indole type. It has historically been used as a rodenticide, in pest management and in the regulation of unwanted wildlife. Although it was outlawed in 1994 due to its high danger to animals, people and the environment, it is still found illegally, affecting a non-target species and producing a negative impact on biodiversity and ecosystems. This study analyzes the toxicokinetic and action processes of strychnine, emphasizing its clinical impacts in animals, diagnostic procedures and treatment protocols for its management. Likewise, epidemiological factors and related legal frameworks are analyzed, emphasizing the importance of more rigorous regulations and training about their impact on the environment to reduce their effects.
Strychnine is an extremely poisonous substance of the indole type. It has historically been used as a rodenticide, in pest management and in the regulation of unwanted wildlife. Although it was outlawed in 1994 due to its high danger to animals, people and the environment, it is still found illegally, affecting a non-target species and producing a negative impact on biodiversity and ecosystems. This study analyzes the toxicokinetic and action processes of strychnine, emphasizing its clinical impacts in animals, diagnostic procedures and treatment protocols for its management. Likewise, epidemiological factors and related legal frameworks are analyzed, emphasizing the importance of more rigorous regulations and training about their impact on the environment to reduce their effects.
Direction
HERNANDEZ BERMUDEZ, JOAQUIN RICARDO (Tutorships)
HERNANDEZ BERMUDEZ, JOAQUIN RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
Cultured meat: advantages and disadvantages
Authorship
A.C.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.C.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
The projected growth of the global population, expected to reach 10 billion people by 2050, places significant pressure on current food production systems, particularly regarding the supply of animal-based protein. In this context, cultivated meat emerges as an innovative alternative to conventional meat, with the potential to mitigate the negative impacts of intensive livestock farming, such as greenhouse gas emissions, environmental degradation, public health issues linked to processed meat consumption, and ethical concerns related to animal welfare. Cultivated meat is produced through the in vitro culture of animal cells using biotechnology and tissue engineering techniques, and its development has accelerated in recent years thanks to scientific advances and increasing interest from the food industry. This study aims to conduct a critical and multidisciplinary analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of cultivated meat, based on an extensive review of recent scientific literature. Specialized databases and reputable institutional sources were consulted using a systematic search strategy, focusing on relevant studies published between 2015 and 2025. Technical, environmental, economic, regulatory, social, and ethical aspects are addressed to offer a comprehensive overview of this emerging technology. The results of the review highlight several potential benefits of cultivated meat, including reduced use of natural resources, improved food safety, and the elimination of animal slaughter practices. However, significant challenges remain, such as high production costs, the complexity of the biotechnological process, evolving regulatory barriers, and limited consumer acceptance, influenced by cultural and sensory factors. In conclusion, although cultivated meat is not an immediate or universal solution, it can play a complementary role within more sustainable, resilient, and ethically responsible food systems, especially if supported by appropriate public policies and investment in research and development.
The projected growth of the global population, expected to reach 10 billion people by 2050, places significant pressure on current food production systems, particularly regarding the supply of animal-based protein. In this context, cultivated meat emerges as an innovative alternative to conventional meat, with the potential to mitigate the negative impacts of intensive livestock farming, such as greenhouse gas emissions, environmental degradation, public health issues linked to processed meat consumption, and ethical concerns related to animal welfare. Cultivated meat is produced through the in vitro culture of animal cells using biotechnology and tissue engineering techniques, and its development has accelerated in recent years thanks to scientific advances and increasing interest from the food industry. This study aims to conduct a critical and multidisciplinary analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of cultivated meat, based on an extensive review of recent scientific literature. Specialized databases and reputable institutional sources were consulted using a systematic search strategy, focusing on relevant studies published between 2015 and 2025. Technical, environmental, economic, regulatory, social, and ethical aspects are addressed to offer a comprehensive overview of this emerging technology. The results of the review highlight several potential benefits of cultivated meat, including reduced use of natural resources, improved food safety, and the elimination of animal slaughter practices. However, significant challenges remain, such as high production costs, the complexity of the biotechnological process, evolving regulatory barriers, and limited consumer acceptance, influenced by cultural and sensory factors. In conclusion, although cultivated meat is not an immediate or universal solution, it can play a complementary role within more sustainable, resilient, and ethically responsible food systems, especially if supported by appropriate public policies and investment in research and development.
Direction
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
Gastrointestinal parasites in swine farms from Galicia
Authorship
M.C.C.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.C.C.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
Galicia is one of the most important Spanish regions in terms of pork production. Gastrointestinal parasitoses represent a significant problem for both extensive and intensive swine farming systems due to their impact on productivity. Nevertheless data on the prevalence of these parasites in Galician swine herds is limited. Thus, a study was conducted to identify the main parasites in swine from Galicia, their zoonotic potential and to analyze the influence of different factors on the percentages of infection. Between July 2024 and May 2025, 125 faecal samples were collected from 38 swine farms in Galicia. These samples were analyzed using the flotation in sucrose solution technique. A questionnaire was designed for collecting data on animal handling, biosecurity measures and parasite control practices. The results showed a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (60%) in faecal pig samples as well as a high herd-level (89.5%). A total of 10 different parasites were identified, being Balantidium coli and coccidia the most prevalent (29-36%). Among coccidians, Cystoisospora suis was more frequent than Eimeria spp., although both of them showed a similar prevalence, around 10%. Regarding helmints, strongyles and Ascaris suum were the most common (10-15%). Other parasites such as Giardia duondealis, Trichuris spp., Strongyloides spp., spirurids and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus presented the lowest prevalences, never exceeding 5%. The obtained results highlights the presence of zoonotic species such as A. suum, G. duodenalis and B. coli. Simple infections were more common than mixed ones, being double and triple co-infections the most frequent; five different parasites were identified in one sample. The prevalence of C. suis and Trichuris spp. decreased with age, reflecting the development of protective immunity. Extensive farming systems, lack of cleaning and desinfecting protocols, contact with wild boars and less experience in the swine sector appeared to be associated with higher parasite prevalences. Further research, obtaining a larger sample size, is needed to obtain more representative results to obtain a better knowledge of the health impact and zoonotic risk of parasitic infections in galician pig herds.
Galicia is one of the most important Spanish regions in terms of pork production. Gastrointestinal parasitoses represent a significant problem for both extensive and intensive swine farming systems due to their impact on productivity. Nevertheless data on the prevalence of these parasites in Galician swine herds is limited. Thus, a study was conducted to identify the main parasites in swine from Galicia, their zoonotic potential and to analyze the influence of different factors on the percentages of infection. Between July 2024 and May 2025, 125 faecal samples were collected from 38 swine farms in Galicia. These samples were analyzed using the flotation in sucrose solution technique. A questionnaire was designed for collecting data on animal handling, biosecurity measures and parasite control practices. The results showed a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (60%) in faecal pig samples as well as a high herd-level (89.5%). A total of 10 different parasites were identified, being Balantidium coli and coccidia the most prevalent (29-36%). Among coccidians, Cystoisospora suis was more frequent than Eimeria spp., although both of them showed a similar prevalence, around 10%. Regarding helmints, strongyles and Ascaris suum were the most common (10-15%). Other parasites such as Giardia duondealis, Trichuris spp., Strongyloides spp., spirurids and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus presented the lowest prevalences, never exceeding 5%. The obtained results highlights the presence of zoonotic species such as A. suum, G. duodenalis and B. coli. Simple infections were more common than mixed ones, being double and triple co-infections the most frequent; five different parasites were identified in one sample. The prevalence of C. suis and Trichuris spp. decreased with age, reflecting the development of protective immunity. Extensive farming systems, lack of cleaning and desinfecting protocols, contact with wild boars and less experience in the swine sector appeared to be associated with higher parasite prevalences. Further research, obtaining a larger sample size, is needed to obtain more representative results to obtain a better knowledge of the health impact and zoonotic risk of parasitic infections in galician pig herds.
Direction
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
GARCIA DIOS, DAVID (Co-tutorships)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
GARCIA DIOS, DAVID (Co-tutorships)
Court
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
Molecular characterization of feline parvovirus strains in Galicia
Authorship
S.D.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.D.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 09:30
02.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Feline panleukopenia is a highly contagious viral disease caused by feline parvovirus (FPV), which affects cats worldwide. Its impact is particularly significant in feline populations, especially in young, unvaccinated cats, reaching mortality rates of up to 90%. Due to its environmental stability and resistance to common disinfectants, vaccination is the primary control strategy. However, concerns exist regarding whether currently available vaccines remain effective against the circulating strains. This study aimed to molecularly characterize FPV strains circulating in cats from Galicia, comparing them to those present in commercial vaccines available in Spain. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted to evaluate the genetic similarity between the strains detected in this study, vaccine strains, and others previously reported. To achieve this, 28 fecal samples were analyzed from cats with symptoms consistent with panleukopenia. DNA extraction and VP2 gene amplification by PCR were performed, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Of the samples analyzed, 24 tested positive, of which seventeen were successfully sequenced. It was found that sixteen samples were compatible with FPV, while one corresponded to CPV-2b, a canine-origin parvovirus, confirming the possibility of cross-species transmission. Another significant finding was the detection of FPV in vaccinated cats. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggests a possible genetic divergence between circulating strains and current vaccines, which could potentially impact their effectiveness. Additionally, the identification of CPV-2b in a cat confirms the presence of this variant in cats within our community, with potential epidemiological implications. These results highlight the importance of molecular surveillance and monitoring the evolution of field strains to optimize prevention and disease control strategies.
Feline panleukopenia is a highly contagious viral disease caused by feline parvovirus (FPV), which affects cats worldwide. Its impact is particularly significant in feline populations, especially in young, unvaccinated cats, reaching mortality rates of up to 90%. Due to its environmental stability and resistance to common disinfectants, vaccination is the primary control strategy. However, concerns exist regarding whether currently available vaccines remain effective against the circulating strains. This study aimed to molecularly characterize FPV strains circulating in cats from Galicia, comparing them to those present in commercial vaccines available in Spain. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted to evaluate the genetic similarity between the strains detected in this study, vaccine strains, and others previously reported. To achieve this, 28 fecal samples were analyzed from cats with symptoms consistent with panleukopenia. DNA extraction and VP2 gene amplification by PCR were performed, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Of the samples analyzed, 24 tested positive, of which seventeen were successfully sequenced. It was found that sixteen samples were compatible with FPV, while one corresponded to CPV-2b, a canine-origin parvovirus, confirming the possibility of cross-species transmission. Another significant finding was the detection of FPV in vaccinated cats. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggests a possible genetic divergence between circulating strains and current vaccines, which could potentially impact their effectiveness. Additionally, the identification of CPV-2b in a cat confirms the presence of this variant in cats within our community, with potential epidemiological implications. These results highlight the importance of molecular surveillance and monitoring the evolution of field strains to optimize prevention and disease control strategies.
Direction
Prieto Lago, Alberto (Tutorships)
Prieto Lago, Alberto (Tutorships)
Court
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
Portosystemic shunts in the dog: description of the normal portal vasculature in the adult and the embryo/fetus
Authorship
R.E.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
R.E.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 09:30
02.17.2025 09:30
Summary
The occurrence of portosystemic shunts in dogs is a common clinical challenge in veterinary practice and their diagnosis and management is essential for the welfare of patients. This literature review focuses on the different types of portosystemic shunts in the canine species, from their embryological basis to therapeutic techniques. In order to understand what portosystemic shunts consist of, a detailed analysis of hepatic vascularisation is presented, including its embryonic development and the alterations that can occur during this process. In addition, the vascular changes most often involved in the formation of shunts are described, and their anatomy and classification according to location and nature are reviewed. This review also describes the diagnostic techniques available for the identification of portosystemic shunts, highlighting advanced imaging tools, and explores the therapeutic options used in daily clinical practice, both surgical and medical, highlighting their influence on patient management and prognosis.
The occurrence of portosystemic shunts in dogs is a common clinical challenge in veterinary practice and their diagnosis and management is essential for the welfare of patients. This literature review focuses on the different types of portosystemic shunts in the canine species, from their embryological basis to therapeutic techniques. In order to understand what portosystemic shunts consist of, a detailed analysis of hepatic vascularisation is presented, including its embryonic development and the alterations that can occur during this process. In addition, the vascular changes most often involved in the formation of shunts are described, and their anatomy and classification according to location and nature are reviewed. This review also describes the diagnostic techniques available for the identification of portosystemic shunts, highlighting advanced imaging tools, and explores the therapeutic options used in daily clinical practice, both surgical and medical, highlighting their influence on patient management and prognosis.
Direction
ALEMAÑ POSADAS, NURIA VICENTA (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ TROCONIZ REVUELTA, PATRICIA (Co-tutorships)
ALEMAÑ POSADAS, NURIA VICENTA (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ TROCONIZ REVUELTA, PATRICIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
Extended lactations to improve welfare in dairy cattle
Authorship
A.M.E.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.M.E.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 09:30
02.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Dairy cows have been highly selected for milk production, which allows them to maintain their production for a longer period of time. High milk yields are associated with a deterioration in the animal’s health and well-being, as well as a loss of fertility. To address the problems associated with high production, the possibility of applying management systems to prolong lactation has emerged, with the aim of improving the health and well-being of the animals by extending their productive cycles. Prolonged lactations help reduce the number of transition periods in the cow’s productive life, as these represent the stage of greatest risk to the animal’s health. Extending the productive cycles without drastically affecting the animal’s profitability relies on working with cows that have high lactation persistence. Persistence is the ability to continue producing milk at high levels after the peak of lactation, and it is influenced by the genetic level of the animals, the number of milkings, as well as lactation, gestation and nutrition. Extended lactations make it easier to reach drying off with productions that are compatible with a lower risk of mastitis, while also improving the cow’s well-being. On the other hand, the risk of metabolic diseases associated with calving is reduced, along with a parallel decrease in the use of medications, lowering production costs and the risk of generating microbial resistance. Fertility is enhanced by delaying the first insemination to allow the animal to recover from the negative energy balance. Additionally, by decreasing the need for rearing due to a lower replacement rate and increasing the longevity of the animals, the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions from livestock reduced. By reducing the number of productive cycles per cow, fewer calves are produced, which can affect the economic profitability of the farm due to the current market situation for beef calves. The great challenge in establishing this management system is managing the nutrition of cows in late lactation, requiring the grouping of cows into lots and providing the necessary facilities for this purpose. On the other hand, it is essential to increase the number of milkings and work with cows of high genetic value for milk production and lactation persistence.
Dairy cows have been highly selected for milk production, which allows them to maintain their production for a longer period of time. High milk yields are associated with a deterioration in the animal’s health and well-being, as well as a loss of fertility. To address the problems associated with high production, the possibility of applying management systems to prolong lactation has emerged, with the aim of improving the health and well-being of the animals by extending their productive cycles. Prolonged lactations help reduce the number of transition periods in the cow’s productive life, as these represent the stage of greatest risk to the animal’s health. Extending the productive cycles without drastically affecting the animal’s profitability relies on working with cows that have high lactation persistence. Persistence is the ability to continue producing milk at high levels after the peak of lactation, and it is influenced by the genetic level of the animals, the number of milkings, as well as lactation, gestation and nutrition. Extended lactations make it easier to reach drying off with productions that are compatible with a lower risk of mastitis, while also improving the cow’s well-being. On the other hand, the risk of metabolic diseases associated with calving is reduced, along with a parallel decrease in the use of medications, lowering production costs and the risk of generating microbial resistance. Fertility is enhanced by delaying the first insemination to allow the animal to recover from the negative energy balance. Additionally, by decreasing the need for rearing due to a lower replacement rate and increasing the longevity of the animals, the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions from livestock reduced. By reducing the number of productive cycles per cow, fewer calves are produced, which can affect the economic profitability of the farm due to the current market situation for beef calves. The great challenge in establishing this management system is managing the nutrition of cows in late lactation, requiring the grouping of cows into lots and providing the necessary facilities for this purpose. On the other hand, it is essential to increase the number of milkings and work with cows of high genetic value for milk production and lactation persistence.
Direction
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Tutorships)
LOPEZ NOVO, CYNTHIA (Co-tutorships)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Tutorships)
LOPEZ NOVO, CYNTHIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
Twin pregnancies in dairy cows.
Authorship
M.L.E.E.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.L.E.E.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
Twin pregnancies in dairy cows represent a sanitary, reproductive, and economic challenge in intensive production systems. These pregnancies may result from double ovulation (dizygotic) or, to a lesser extent, from the division of an early embryo (monozygotic). Among the predisposing factors are specific genetic variants, the age of the female, the number of calvings, the season of the year, the level of milk production, and the application of hormonal protocols, all of which together increase the likelihood of developing multiple pregnancies. From a reproductive and health standpoint, twin pregnancies are associated with higher risk of abortion, premature calving, dystocia, and retained placenta, as well as a reduction in subsequent fertility and productive longevity. Moreover, females born from mixed-sex twin pregnancies frequently present freemartinism, which compromises their future reproductive capacity. For early detection, transrectal ultrasonography during the first trimester is recommended, complemented by hormonal measurements (pregnancy-associated glycoproteins and progesterone) and corpus luteum evaluation, since these methods allow for the simultaneous identification of two embryonic vesicles and assessment of luteal function. Preventive and management strategies include negative genetic selection against alleles associated with twinning, optimization of hormonal protocols (such as the use of intravaginal progesterone devices with Ovsynch), and, in high-risk situations, early manual embryonic reduction, ultrasound-guided follicular drainage or transfer of a single embryo. These practices aim to minimize the metabolic, reproductive, and economic complications derived from twinning. Finally, the development of integrated reproductive programs is proposed as a future direction. These would combine genomic selection, advanced ultrasound diagnostics, and individualized nutritional management, with the goal of reducing the incidence of multiple pregnancies, protecting animal health, and improving the profitability of dairy farms.
Twin pregnancies in dairy cows represent a sanitary, reproductive, and economic challenge in intensive production systems. These pregnancies may result from double ovulation (dizygotic) or, to a lesser extent, from the division of an early embryo (monozygotic). Among the predisposing factors are specific genetic variants, the age of the female, the number of calvings, the season of the year, the level of milk production, and the application of hormonal protocols, all of which together increase the likelihood of developing multiple pregnancies. From a reproductive and health standpoint, twin pregnancies are associated with higher risk of abortion, premature calving, dystocia, and retained placenta, as well as a reduction in subsequent fertility and productive longevity. Moreover, females born from mixed-sex twin pregnancies frequently present freemartinism, which compromises their future reproductive capacity. For early detection, transrectal ultrasonography during the first trimester is recommended, complemented by hormonal measurements (pregnancy-associated glycoproteins and progesterone) and corpus luteum evaluation, since these methods allow for the simultaneous identification of two embryonic vesicles and assessment of luteal function. Preventive and management strategies include negative genetic selection against alleles associated with twinning, optimization of hormonal protocols (such as the use of intravaginal progesterone devices with Ovsynch), and, in high-risk situations, early manual embryonic reduction, ultrasound-guided follicular drainage or transfer of a single embryo. These practices aim to minimize the metabolic, reproductive, and economic complications derived from twinning. Finally, the development of integrated reproductive programs is proposed as a future direction. These would combine genomic selection, advanced ultrasound diagnostics, and individualized nutritional management, with the goal of reducing the incidence of multiple pregnancies, protecting animal health, and improving the profitability of dairy farms.
Direction
Becerra González, Juan José (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ RAMIL, UXIA (Co-tutorships)
Becerra González, Juan José (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ RAMIL, UXIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
Approach to canine and feline hemangiosarcoma using diagnostic imaging techniques.
Authorship
S.E.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.E.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 09:30
02.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is characterized as a malignant, highly aggressive tumor of vascular origin, primarily affecting dogs and, to a lesser extent, cats. Its diagnosis presents a clinical challenge due to nonspecific symptoms and a silent progression until advanced stages. In recent years, diagnostic imaging techniques have gained relevance by contributing to earlier detection and, when possible, improving prognosis. This study is a bibliographic review on the role of imaging techniques in the identification and evaluation of HSA in small animals. It examines the use of techniques such as ultrasound, radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), evaluating their advantages, limitations, and characteristic findings in different tumor locations (splenic, cardiac, hepatic, among others). The analysis suggests that combining different imaging techniques significantly improves therapeutic planning. However, the exclusive use of these tools provides only preliminary guidance toward differential diagnosis without being conclusive. Therefore, histopathology remains indispensable as a confirmatory method due to the limitations of imaging techniques, such as their inability to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions.
Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is characterized as a malignant, highly aggressive tumor of vascular origin, primarily affecting dogs and, to a lesser extent, cats. Its diagnosis presents a clinical challenge due to nonspecific symptoms and a silent progression until advanced stages. In recent years, diagnostic imaging techniques have gained relevance by contributing to earlier detection and, when possible, improving prognosis. This study is a bibliographic review on the role of imaging techniques in the identification and evaluation of HSA in small animals. It examines the use of techniques such as ultrasound, radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), evaluating their advantages, limitations, and characteristic findings in different tumor locations (splenic, cardiac, hepatic, among others). The analysis suggests that combining different imaging techniques significantly improves therapeutic planning. However, the exclusive use of these tools provides only preliminary guidance toward differential diagnosis without being conclusive. Therefore, histopathology remains indispensable as a confirmatory method due to the limitations of imaging techniques, such as their inability to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions.
Direction
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Tutorships)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Tutorships)
Court
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
Micromineral profile in obese cats: implications for metabolic health.
Authorship
M.F.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.F.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
Obesity is a chronic condition with a high prevalence in companion animals, currently considered one of the main manifestations of malnutrition in small animal clinics. It is associated with various metabolic disorders and secondary diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and liver disease. Although minerals play an essential role in many physiological processes, their involvement in feline obesity has been little researched. The aim of this study is to characterise and compare the mineral profile of obese cats with that of individuals within the weight range in order to identify possible imbalances and their relationship with biochemical parameters. This is a retrospective clinical study based on a group of 73 cats selected from different veterinary centres in Galicia, divided into two groups: control cats (C, n=29) and obese cats (O, n=44). All animals underwent a general physical examination, weight assessment, body condition assessment, and blood sampling for routine haematological analysis and determination of the mineral profile by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in variables such as age (p lower than .011), body condition (p = .001), weight (p = .001), sex (p lower than .001), habitat (p lower than .001), environment (p lower than .001) and reproductive status (p lower than .001). In terms of biochemical and haematological parameters, obese cats had significantly higher values for GLU (p = .020), CHOL (p lower than .010), TRIG (p = .034), CREA (p = .007), ALB ( p = .049), erythrocytes (p = .003), haematocrit (p lower than .001) and haemoglobin (p lower than .001), while neutrophil (p = .025), leukocyte (p = .017) and monocyte (p = .003) levels were higher in group C. Regarding the mineral profile, obese cats showed significantly higher concentrations of Co (p = .036), Cr (p lower than .001), Fe (p = .009), Hg (p = .027), Ni (p lower than .001), Pb (p = .012) and Se (p lower than .001). In conclusion, the mineral profile in obese cats shows alterations compared to individuals within the weight range. Specifically, obese cats had higher concentrations of Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb and Se. In addition, the analytical profile was different in obese cats compared to cats in the weight range, with multivariate techniques showing significant associations between certain minerals and clinical parameters. These findings suggest that the mineral profile could be useful for assessing feline obesity and developing strategies preventives or therapeutic based on trace elements.
Obesity is a chronic condition with a high prevalence in companion animals, currently considered one of the main manifestations of malnutrition in small animal clinics. It is associated with various metabolic disorders and secondary diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and liver disease. Although minerals play an essential role in many physiological processes, their involvement in feline obesity has been little researched. The aim of this study is to characterise and compare the mineral profile of obese cats with that of individuals within the weight range in order to identify possible imbalances and their relationship with biochemical parameters. This is a retrospective clinical study based on a group of 73 cats selected from different veterinary centres in Galicia, divided into two groups: control cats (C, n=29) and obese cats (O, n=44). All animals underwent a general physical examination, weight assessment, body condition assessment, and blood sampling for routine haematological analysis and determination of the mineral profile by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in variables such as age (p lower than .011), body condition (p = .001), weight (p = .001), sex (p lower than .001), habitat (p lower than .001), environment (p lower than .001) and reproductive status (p lower than .001). In terms of biochemical and haematological parameters, obese cats had significantly higher values for GLU (p = .020), CHOL (p lower than .010), TRIG (p = .034), CREA (p = .007), ALB ( p = .049), erythrocytes (p = .003), haematocrit (p lower than .001) and haemoglobin (p lower than .001), while neutrophil (p = .025), leukocyte (p = .017) and monocyte (p = .003) levels were higher in group C. Regarding the mineral profile, obese cats showed significantly higher concentrations of Co (p = .036), Cr (p lower than .001), Fe (p = .009), Hg (p = .027), Ni (p lower than .001), Pb (p = .012) and Se (p lower than .001). In conclusion, the mineral profile in obese cats shows alterations compared to individuals within the weight range. Specifically, obese cats had higher concentrations of Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb and Se. In addition, the analytical profile was different in obese cats compared to cats in the weight range, with multivariate techniques showing significant associations between certain minerals and clinical parameters. These findings suggest that the mineral profile could be useful for assessing feline obesity and developing strategies preventives or therapeutic based on trace elements.
Direction
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Tutorships)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JESSICA (Co-tutorships)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Tutorships)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, JESSICA (Co-tutorships)
Court
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
Food safety: foodborne outbreaks and antimicrobial resistance
Authorship
M.M.G.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.M.G.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 09:30
02.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Food safety is frequently compromised due to microorganisms that can infiltrate any stage of the food chain, transmitting infections when they reach the consumer. The most common foodborne outbreaks are caused by Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli, which are associated with specific reservoirs and foods that facilitate their transmission. The symptoms they cause vary depending on the immune status of the individual, as most people experience moderate gastrointestinal signs, while immunocompromised patients face greater complications. To assess the impact of these foodborne zoonoses on the population, EFSA, in collaboration with ECDC, publishes an annual report with updated epidemiological data. In 2022, both in Europe and at the national level, it was confirmed that Campylobacter spp. was the zoonosis with the highest number of reported cases. However, Salmonella spp. led in the number of foodborne outbreaks and hospitalizations. Listeria monocytogenes, on the other hand, was less frequent but is the foodborne pathogen with the highest mortality rate in Europe, although this trend was not observed at the national level. To treat these diseases, antibiotics are used, although their inappropriate use favours the increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms, compromising the treatment of these infections. Multidrug-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes can spread among humans, animals, and the environment. Likewise, they can propagate through food, further complicating their management. Some examples of this include the resistance of Campylobacter coli to ciprofloxacin, the ability of Salmonella spp. to develop multidrug resistance, and the alarming resistance of E. coli to extended-spectrum beta-lactams and carbapenems. AMR represents a global threat to public health, and its impact across various sectors demands a comprehensive One Health approach. To mitigate it, action plans are needed based on several strategic lines of surveillance, control, research, investment, training, and communication to curb its spread and reduce its impact.
Food safety is frequently compromised due to microorganisms that can infiltrate any stage of the food chain, transmitting infections when they reach the consumer. The most common foodborne outbreaks are caused by Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli, which are associated with specific reservoirs and foods that facilitate their transmission. The symptoms they cause vary depending on the immune status of the individual, as most people experience moderate gastrointestinal signs, while immunocompromised patients face greater complications. To assess the impact of these foodborne zoonoses on the population, EFSA, in collaboration with ECDC, publishes an annual report with updated epidemiological data. In 2022, both in Europe and at the national level, it was confirmed that Campylobacter spp. was the zoonosis with the highest number of reported cases. However, Salmonella spp. led in the number of foodborne outbreaks and hospitalizations. Listeria monocytogenes, on the other hand, was less frequent but is the foodborne pathogen with the highest mortality rate in Europe, although this trend was not observed at the national level. To treat these diseases, antibiotics are used, although their inappropriate use favours the increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms, compromising the treatment of these infections. Multidrug-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes can spread among humans, animals, and the environment. Likewise, they can propagate through food, further complicating their management. Some examples of this include the resistance of Campylobacter coli to ciprofloxacin, the ability of Salmonella spp. to develop multidrug resistance, and the alarming resistance of E. coli to extended-spectrum beta-lactams and carbapenems. AMR represents a global threat to public health, and its impact across various sectors demands a comprehensive One Health approach. To mitigate it, action plans are needed based on several strategic lines of surveillance, control, research, investment, training, and communication to curb its spread and reduce its impact.
Direction
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
Court
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
Perception and status of canine leishmaniosis in Galicia
Authorship
C.G.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.G.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 09:30
02.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a widespread vector-borne zoonoses caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies. Leishmania infantum accounts for most of the cases CanL in the Iberian Peninsula, especially around the mediterranean basin, where it’s considered endemic. Galicia has been typically perceived as a low-risk area regarding leishmaniosis. However, the most recent data shows an increase in autochthonous infections, suggesting an infection pressure higher than expected. In the present study, a survey was conducted among small-animals veterinarians hoping to assess information concerning epidemiology, clinical signs, treatment and preventive measures through 30 multiple-choice questions regarding CanL. The collected data was later analysed and scored. The results obtained by the veterinarians were compared using a correlation test with the established risk of leishmaniasis, based on the number of animals diagnosed or under follow-up at each center and the risk level of the area. The risk was estimated according to the most recent literature. In addition, a multivariable regression was performed to determine if there was a relationship between the scores obtained and the risk level, using the three previous indicators (number of cases per year, number of cases under follow-up, and estimated risk level). The results showed a high level of correlation between the estimated risk based on the number of cases diagnosed per year as well as the number of cases under follow-up. Nevertheless, the correlation between these two variables and the estimated risk level was negative. Additionally, the regression revealed direct positive relationships between the number of diagnosed cases, the cases under follow-up and the total scores. Upon further analysis of the data, it was found that the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in Galicia is very heterogeneous, highlighting the importance of ongoing training for healthcare professionals. Such training including concepts related to the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of canine leishmaniasis.
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a widespread vector-borne zoonoses caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies. Leishmania infantum accounts for most of the cases CanL in the Iberian Peninsula, especially around the mediterranean basin, where it’s considered endemic. Galicia has been typically perceived as a low-risk area regarding leishmaniosis. However, the most recent data shows an increase in autochthonous infections, suggesting an infection pressure higher than expected. In the present study, a survey was conducted among small-animals veterinarians hoping to assess information concerning epidemiology, clinical signs, treatment and preventive measures through 30 multiple-choice questions regarding CanL. The collected data was later analysed and scored. The results obtained by the veterinarians were compared using a correlation test with the established risk of leishmaniasis, based on the number of animals diagnosed or under follow-up at each center and the risk level of the area. The risk was estimated according to the most recent literature. In addition, a multivariable regression was performed to determine if there was a relationship between the scores obtained and the risk level, using the three previous indicators (number of cases per year, number of cases under follow-up, and estimated risk level). The results showed a high level of correlation between the estimated risk based on the number of cases diagnosed per year as well as the number of cases under follow-up. Nevertheless, the correlation between these two variables and the estimated risk level was negative. Additionally, the regression revealed direct positive relationships between the number of diagnosed cases, the cases under follow-up and the total scores. Upon further analysis of the data, it was found that the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in Galicia is very heterogeneous, highlighting the importance of ongoing training for healthcare professionals. Such training including concepts related to the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of canine leishmaniasis.
Direction
LOPEZ SANDEZ, CEFERINO MANUEL (Tutorships)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Co-tutorships)
LOPEZ SANDEZ, CEFERINO MANUEL (Tutorships)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Co-tutorships)
Court
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
Management of wounds in domestic animals: clinical and surgical approach
Authorship
N.G.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
N.G.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
Wound management is a daily clinical practice in the medicine of domestic animals and requires a multidisciplinary and thorough approach. Therefore, it is important to understand the anatomical structure of the skin and its tension lines before addressing a wound, as this is essential to prevent ischemia and tissue necrosis. Additionally, understanding the physiological process of skin healing and the various types of wounds that patients may suffer is fundamental to providing an individualized and tailored approach for each case, as there is no standard treatment for wound healing. The clinical approach focuses on the initial assessment of an injured patient, which can be performed as a standalone therapy or as a complement to surgery. Cleaning and disinfecting the wound, as well as administering analgesic drugs to alleviate pain and antibiotics to prevent local infection, are especially important. After stabilizing the patient and cleaning the wounds, the possibility of surgical treatment is evaluated. An example would be defects with necrotic and nonviable tissue that have not healed after the initial management. Therefore, this work presents the different types of wound bed debridement used to remove necrotic tissue and prevent bacterial growth and proliferation. In cases where the adjacent skin is insufficient to close the defect, flaps and grafts are used, which may be combined with drainage methods to avoid dead space or dressings to absorb exudate and moisture from the wound.
Wound management is a daily clinical practice in the medicine of domestic animals and requires a multidisciplinary and thorough approach. Therefore, it is important to understand the anatomical structure of the skin and its tension lines before addressing a wound, as this is essential to prevent ischemia and tissue necrosis. Additionally, understanding the physiological process of skin healing and the various types of wounds that patients may suffer is fundamental to providing an individualized and tailored approach for each case, as there is no standard treatment for wound healing. The clinical approach focuses on the initial assessment of an injured patient, which can be performed as a standalone therapy or as a complement to surgery. Cleaning and disinfecting the wound, as well as administering analgesic drugs to alleviate pain and antibiotics to prevent local infection, are especially important. After stabilizing the patient and cleaning the wounds, the possibility of surgical treatment is evaluated. An example would be defects with necrotic and nonviable tissue that have not healed after the initial management. Therefore, this work presents the different types of wound bed debridement used to remove necrotic tissue and prevent bacterial growth and proliferation. In cases where the adjacent skin is insufficient to close the defect, flaps and grafts are used, which may be combined with drainage methods to avoid dead space or dressings to absorb exudate and moisture from the wound.
Direction
Miño Fariña, Natalia (Tutorships)
ESPINO LOPEZ, LUCIANO (Co-tutorships)
Miño Fariña, Natalia (Tutorships)
ESPINO LOPEZ, LUCIANO (Co-tutorships)
Court
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
Epidemiological Study of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease and Its Clinical and Productive Impact on Cattle from Galicia
Authorship
M.B.H.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.B.H.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.24.2025 09:30
06.24.2025 09:30
Summary
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an emerging disease in Europe since its introduction in 2022 in Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Within Spanish territory, its appearance in Galicia occurred later, in 2023. EHD has traditionally been considered a disease of low pathogenicity in cattle; however, in recent decades, this has been questioned due to the increasing frequency and severity of outbreaks, particularly in the Mediterranean basin. Moreover, many assumptions regarding its clinical impact are extrapolated from regions where the infection is endemic. Given the emergence of EHD in Galicia and the lack of epidemiological information on this process, the objectives of the present study were to describe the incidence of clinical signs, mortality, and case fatality of EHD and their relationship with productive aptitude and farm management in cattle farms in Galicia; to describe the observed clinical signs; to evaluate the relationship between virus exposure and milk production; and to study the interannual variation in clinical incidence. To this end, an epidemiological survey on clinical signs was conducted on farms in Galicia, collecting data from farms and animals, and milk production data was obtained from milking robots. Data were collected from 75 farms and 148 animals, and an average incidence of clinical signs of 11.2%, mortality of 2.9%, and case fatality of 21.7% was estimated, although with heterogeneous results among farms. Permanent housing was identified as a protective factor against incidence (OR = 0.2), mortality (OR = 0.019), and case fatality (OR = 0.068) compared to continuous grazing. Dairy farms and animals showed higher case fatality, duration, and severity of signs than those raised for beef production (p-value less than 0.05). The most frequently reported clinical signs were those associated with the oral cavity: dysphagia, ulcers, hypersalivation, and erosions, appearing in more than 50.0% of farms and animals. In contrast, signs such as tongue edema, dyspnea, haemorrhagic diarrhea, and skin haemorrhages were significantly associated with higher case fatality. The results confirmed a notable impact on milk production, with an estimated reduction of 4.9 kg/day in seropositive animals. Finally, when analyzing the interannual variation, a significant 70.0% reduction in clinical incidence was observed in municipalities with previous virus circulation, suggesting the possible establishment of herd immunity that may protect against the more severe aspects of the infection. These results confirm the clinical importance of EHD, which can have severe courses in certain farms and cause significant losses in milk production, contributing to a better understanding of the epidemiological behavior of EHD in previously disease-free areas.
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an emerging disease in Europe since its introduction in 2022 in Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Within Spanish territory, its appearance in Galicia occurred later, in 2023. EHD has traditionally been considered a disease of low pathogenicity in cattle; however, in recent decades, this has been questioned due to the increasing frequency and severity of outbreaks, particularly in the Mediterranean basin. Moreover, many assumptions regarding its clinical impact are extrapolated from regions where the infection is endemic. Given the emergence of EHD in Galicia and the lack of epidemiological information on this process, the objectives of the present study were to describe the incidence of clinical signs, mortality, and case fatality of EHD and their relationship with productive aptitude and farm management in cattle farms in Galicia; to describe the observed clinical signs; to evaluate the relationship between virus exposure and milk production; and to study the interannual variation in clinical incidence. To this end, an epidemiological survey on clinical signs was conducted on farms in Galicia, collecting data from farms and animals, and milk production data was obtained from milking robots. Data were collected from 75 farms and 148 animals, and an average incidence of clinical signs of 11.2%, mortality of 2.9%, and case fatality of 21.7% was estimated, although with heterogeneous results among farms. Permanent housing was identified as a protective factor against incidence (OR = 0.2), mortality (OR = 0.019), and case fatality (OR = 0.068) compared to continuous grazing. Dairy farms and animals showed higher case fatality, duration, and severity of signs than those raised for beef production (p-value less than 0.05). The most frequently reported clinical signs were those associated with the oral cavity: dysphagia, ulcers, hypersalivation, and erosions, appearing in more than 50.0% of farms and animals. In contrast, signs such as tongue edema, dyspnea, haemorrhagic diarrhea, and skin haemorrhages were significantly associated with higher case fatality. The results confirmed a notable impact on milk production, with an estimated reduction of 4.9 kg/day in seropositive animals. Finally, when analyzing the interannual variation, a significant 70.0% reduction in clinical incidence was observed in municipalities with previous virus circulation, suggesting the possible establishment of herd immunity that may protect against the more severe aspects of the infection. These results confirm the clinical importance of EHD, which can have severe courses in certain farms and cause significant losses in milk production, contributing to a better understanding of the epidemiological behavior of EHD in previously disease-free areas.
Direction
DIAZ CAO, JOSÉ MANUEL (Tutorships)
DIAZ CAO, JOSÉ MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Update on feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authorship
P.H.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
P.H.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 16:00
02.17.2025 16:00
Summary
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common heart diseases in cats. It is characterized by concentric thickening of the left ventricle. Although it is often subclinical, it can progress to cause heart failure or arterial thromboembolism. In most cases, the underlying cause is unknown. However, mutations in the MYBPC3 and MYH7 genes have been identified as associated with the condition. The most common clinical signs include respiratory distress, presenting as dyspnea and tachypnea, hind limb paralysis, and heart murmurs detected during auscultation. While echocardiography is the gold standard for diagnosis, physical examination, radiography, and the measurement of cardiac biomarkers such as NT-proBNP and cTnI can provide valuable information and help raise suspicion of the disease. The treatment of feline HCM involves a range of pharmacological options aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Treatment strategies depend on the disease stage and the clinical signs exhibited by the patient. Antiarrhythmic drugs such as ivabradine and atenolol are used to reduce heart rate and improve diastolic function. Spironolactone is employed to lower blood pressure and reduce cardiac workload, while angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) like enalapril and benazepril help decrease afterload and enhance ventricular function. From stage B2 onwards, preventing arterial thromboembolism in cats with enlarged left atria becomes critical, as thrombus formation is associated with high mortality. Anticoagulants such as clopidogrel and rivaroxaban are recommended for this purpose. In cases of congestive heart failure (stages C and D), diuretics like furosemide or torsemide are used to alleviate pulmonary edema. However, the effectiveness of certain medications remains uncertain. For example, pimobendan has shown benefits in some studies but may be harmful in cases of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) or lead to arrhythmias. Drugs such as digoxin, aspirin, verapamil, and diltiazem are no longer commonly used due to adverse effects, toxicity, or the availability of more effective alternatives. Emerging therapies, including drugs like rapamycin and aficamten, are now being explored. These treatments represent a novel approach, addressing the root cause of the disease by preventing and even reversing cardiac hypertrophy, thus opening the door to new therapeutic possibilities.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common heart diseases in cats. It is characterized by concentric thickening of the left ventricle. Although it is often subclinical, it can progress to cause heart failure or arterial thromboembolism. In most cases, the underlying cause is unknown. However, mutations in the MYBPC3 and MYH7 genes have been identified as associated with the condition. The most common clinical signs include respiratory distress, presenting as dyspnea and tachypnea, hind limb paralysis, and heart murmurs detected during auscultation. While echocardiography is the gold standard for diagnosis, physical examination, radiography, and the measurement of cardiac biomarkers such as NT-proBNP and cTnI can provide valuable information and help raise suspicion of the disease. The treatment of feline HCM involves a range of pharmacological options aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Treatment strategies depend on the disease stage and the clinical signs exhibited by the patient. Antiarrhythmic drugs such as ivabradine and atenolol are used to reduce heart rate and improve diastolic function. Spironolactone is employed to lower blood pressure and reduce cardiac workload, while angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) like enalapril and benazepril help decrease afterload and enhance ventricular function. From stage B2 onwards, preventing arterial thromboembolism in cats with enlarged left atria becomes critical, as thrombus formation is associated with high mortality. Anticoagulants such as clopidogrel and rivaroxaban are recommended for this purpose. In cases of congestive heart failure (stages C and D), diuretics like furosemide or torsemide are used to alleviate pulmonary edema. However, the effectiveness of certain medications remains uncertain. For example, pimobendan has shown benefits in some studies but may be harmful in cases of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) or lead to arrhythmias. Drugs such as digoxin, aspirin, verapamil, and diltiazem are no longer commonly used due to adverse effects, toxicity, or the availability of more effective alternatives. Emerging therapies, including drugs like rapamycin and aficamten, are now being explored. These treatments represent a novel approach, addressing the root cause of the disease by preventing and even reversing cardiac hypertrophy, thus opening the door to new therapeutic possibilities.
Direction
Santamarina Pernas, Germán (Tutorships)
Santamarina Pernas, Germán (Tutorships)
Court
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
Surgical approachment of canine hip dysplasia
Authorship
I.I.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
I.I.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.24.2025 09:30
06.24.2025 09:30
Summary
Hip dysplasia is the most common orthopedic disorder in dogs, although it’s described in another species, like cats, being less common its manifestation. It consists in a incongruity of the coxofemoral joint between the femoral head and the acetabulum, which leads to osteoarthritis. The initial stages can be asymptomatic, but in most cases it results in a very painful condition for those who suffer from it. It is a polygenic, multifactorial and hereditary disorder, in which environmental factors also intervene, being most prevalent races the big and the giant ones. Despite the numerous advances in recent years, the exact cause and the initiating factors remain unknown and only a small part of the genetics involved is known. There ir a well stablished conservtive management for those patients with pain and clinical sings referable to hip dysplasia, however, the progression of the disease towards osteoarthritis is inevitable. For this reason, different surgical treatments are proposed, establishing different options and a comparison based on the best candidates for each intervention, main indications, advantages and disadvantages of each one of them.
Hip dysplasia is the most common orthopedic disorder in dogs, although it’s described in another species, like cats, being less common its manifestation. It consists in a incongruity of the coxofemoral joint between the femoral head and the acetabulum, which leads to osteoarthritis. The initial stages can be asymptomatic, but in most cases it results in a very painful condition for those who suffer from it. It is a polygenic, multifactorial and hereditary disorder, in which environmental factors also intervene, being most prevalent races the big and the giant ones. Despite the numerous advances in recent years, the exact cause and the initiating factors remain unknown and only a small part of the genetics involved is known. There ir a well stablished conservtive management for those patients with pain and clinical sings referable to hip dysplasia, however, the progression of the disease towards osteoarthritis is inevitable. For this reason, different surgical treatments are proposed, establishing different options and a comparison based on the best candidates for each intervention, main indications, advantages and disadvantages of each one of them.
Direction
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Tutorships)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli from Pita Pinta Asturiana hens in Asturias: prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and analysis of phenotypic patterns.
Authorship
L.J.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.J.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.24.2025 09:30
06.24.2025 09:30
Summary
Traditional poultry farming represents an alternative model to intensive systems. In the Principality of Asturias, the native Pita Pinta chicken breed is a clear example of this type of production, based on extensive self-consumption systems and focused on local markets. Antibiotic resistance in poultry farming poses a public health risk due to its potential transmission to humans and the environment. However, the impact these systems may have on the spread of antimicrobial resistance remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the role of traditional production in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, specifically in Escherichia coli strains isolated from Pita Pinta hens. To this end, samples were collected from 279 birds belonging to 16 farms registered in the ACPPA herd book. The presence of ESBL-producing E. coli strains, their resistance profile to 24 antibiotics, and potential associations with factors that may promote their spread were analyzed. The results show a low presence of ESBL-producing strains (2.33%). Nevertheless, a wide dissemination of resistance to other antibiotic families was detected, particularly aminoglycosides and colistin (above 65%). Four multidrug resistance patterns were identified, along with associations between antibiotic families. A clear clustering of resistance to aminoglycosides and polymyxins (cluster 2) was observed, as well as some co-resistance involving beta-lactam antibiotics (cluster 4), penicillins and quinolones (cluster 1), and penicillins, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides (cluster 3). The relationship between the number of resistances and the presence of management and environmental factors was analyzed. No significant associations were found between the detected resistances and the evaluated factors, suggesting a homogeneous distribution among farms and a potential risk of dissemination. In conclusion, although traditional Pita Pinta production shows a low prevalence of critical resistances such as ESBLs, it is not free from harboring multidrug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, the resistance profiles and combinations identified should be carefully considered when selecting therapeutic measures for this breed. These findings highlight the need to strengthen good management, surveillance, and control practices in alternative systems that, although less intensive, may serve as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance.
Traditional poultry farming represents an alternative model to intensive systems. In the Principality of Asturias, the native Pita Pinta chicken breed is a clear example of this type of production, based on extensive self-consumption systems and focused on local markets. Antibiotic resistance in poultry farming poses a public health risk due to its potential transmission to humans and the environment. However, the impact these systems may have on the spread of antimicrobial resistance remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the role of traditional production in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, specifically in Escherichia coli strains isolated from Pita Pinta hens. To this end, samples were collected from 279 birds belonging to 16 farms registered in the ACPPA herd book. The presence of ESBL-producing E. coli strains, their resistance profile to 24 antibiotics, and potential associations with factors that may promote their spread were analyzed. The results show a low presence of ESBL-producing strains (2.33%). Nevertheless, a wide dissemination of resistance to other antibiotic families was detected, particularly aminoglycosides and colistin (above 65%). Four multidrug resistance patterns were identified, along with associations between antibiotic families. A clear clustering of resistance to aminoglycosides and polymyxins (cluster 2) was observed, as well as some co-resistance involving beta-lactam antibiotics (cluster 4), penicillins and quinolones (cluster 1), and penicillins, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides (cluster 3). The relationship between the number of resistances and the presence of management and environmental factors was analyzed. No significant associations were found between the detected resistances and the evaluated factors, suggesting a homogeneous distribution among farms and a potential risk of dissemination. In conclusion, although traditional Pita Pinta production shows a low prevalence of critical resistances such as ESBLs, it is not free from harboring multidrug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, the resistance profiles and combinations identified should be carefully considered when selecting therapeutic measures for this breed. These findings highlight the need to strengthen good management, surveillance, and control practices in alternative systems that, although less intensive, may serve as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance.
Direction
DIAZ CAO, JOSÉ MANUEL (Tutorships)
DIAZ CAO, JOSÉ MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Control and management of pain in horses
Authorship
A.L.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.L.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.24.2025 09:30
06.24.2025 09:30
Summary
Pain is a sensation that exists to protect the individual from harm, but when it becomes pathologic, it must be controlled through analgesia to avoid the sensibilization processes that cause the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia. The problem with pain management in the horse resides in the difficulty to recognize its presence, for this reason multiple scales based on this animal’s face expressions and behavior have been developed. The preventive polymodal analgesia in horses is based on the combined use of NSAIDs, alfa-2 agonists, opioids, ketamine, lidocaine and locoregional techniques. The continuous-rate infusions are an advantage since they allow closer and constant pain control. The use of ketamine (a dissociative anesthetic), commonly used for induction, at subanesthetic doses and lidocaine (a local anesthetic) in constant-rate infusions as analgesics is currently under study. In this paper, drugs (by family groups) have been compiled according to route of administration and author, in single comparative tables, due to the wide disparity in the doses reported by different sources, along with a brief commentary on the analgesics authorized for their use in horses in Spain. A brief discussion about the most popular or frequent non-pharmacological analgesic techniques will be elaborated. The physiological differences in foals and geriatric horses require their anesthetic and analgesic management to be much stricter, for this reason a section dedicated to this age ranges are included.
Pain is a sensation that exists to protect the individual from harm, but when it becomes pathologic, it must be controlled through analgesia to avoid the sensibilization processes that cause the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia. The problem with pain management in the horse resides in the difficulty to recognize its presence, for this reason multiple scales based on this animal’s face expressions and behavior have been developed. The preventive polymodal analgesia in horses is based on the combined use of NSAIDs, alfa-2 agonists, opioids, ketamine, lidocaine and locoregional techniques. The continuous-rate infusions are an advantage since they allow closer and constant pain control. The use of ketamine (a dissociative anesthetic), commonly used for induction, at subanesthetic doses and lidocaine (a local anesthetic) in constant-rate infusions as analgesics is currently under study. In this paper, drugs (by family groups) have been compiled according to route of administration and author, in single comparative tables, due to the wide disparity in the doses reported by different sources, along with a brief commentary on the analgesics authorized for their use in horses in Spain. A brief discussion about the most popular or frequent non-pharmacological analgesic techniques will be elaborated. The physiological differences in foals and geriatric horses require their anesthetic and analgesic management to be much stricter, for this reason a section dedicated to this age ranges are included.
Direction
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Tutorships)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
The Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS)
Authorship
L.L.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.L.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.24.2025 09:30
06.24.2025 09:30
Summary
The Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease in which alterations of the brain processes that allow interaction with the environment of the geriatric dog occur and, consequently, behavior problems surface. Although the highest prevalence estimation has reached 73.5% of the general population, it is considered to be underdiagnosed and unknown amongst mentors. Furthermore, due to its close similarity to Alzheimer's disease, CCDS individuals are an appropiate animal model for research. The lack of a gold standard test to identify CCDS difficults confirmation of study findings, comparisons of results being needed. The following topics are discussed: epidemiology, neuropathological aging mechanisms and likely roles of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein, clinical signs, objective and subjective diagnostic tests under development to confirm CCDS beyond diagnosis by exclusion and, since there is no cure, sign-palliative therapy. The combination of environmental enrichment, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical and/or dietary treatment may be able to control CCDS. Prevention and early diagnosis are crucial to slow down the progression of the disease and ensure the best quality of life possible for both the patient and its family.
The Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease in which alterations of the brain processes that allow interaction with the environment of the geriatric dog occur and, consequently, behavior problems surface. Although the highest prevalence estimation has reached 73.5% of the general population, it is considered to be underdiagnosed and unknown amongst mentors. Furthermore, due to its close similarity to Alzheimer's disease, CCDS individuals are an appropiate animal model for research. The lack of a gold standard test to identify CCDS difficults confirmation of study findings, comparisons of results being needed. The following topics are discussed: epidemiology, neuropathological aging mechanisms and likely roles of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein, clinical signs, objective and subjective diagnostic tests under development to confirm CCDS beyond diagnosis by exclusion and, since there is no cure, sign-palliative therapy. The combination of environmental enrichment, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical and/or dietary treatment may be able to control CCDS. Prevention and early diagnosis are crucial to slow down the progression of the disease and ensure the best quality of life possible for both the patient and its family.
Direction
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, BENXAMIN (Co-tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, BENXAMIN (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Pulmonary ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in dairy cattle.
Authorship
M.M.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.M.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.24.2025 09:30
06.24.2025 09:30
Summary
Pneumonia in rearing calves compromises growth, delays age at first calving and reduces future productivity, generating significant economic losses. The aim of this work is to evaluate the usefulness of thoracic ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of respiratory syndrome in calves. It also addresses its implementation as a screening method in epidemiological studies and proposes its systematic integration in control programs for respiratory diseases in cattle. For this purpose, an exhaustive review of the scientific literature was carried out, complemented with images and data from the practical application of the ultrasound technique. The focus is on the applicability of lung ultrasound in dairy cattle farms, highlighting its diagnostic value supported by previous scientific evidence. Several studies show that this tool allows the identification of subclinical conditions, the monitoring of disease evolution and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, favouring a more accurate management of respiratory health in rebreeding. Consequently, it is concluded that lung ultrasound constitutes a complementary method of great value for the prognosis of respiratory syndrome, offering high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, adequate adaptability to field conditions and a clear knowledge of its technical and operational limitations.
Pneumonia in rearing calves compromises growth, delays age at first calving and reduces future productivity, generating significant economic losses. The aim of this work is to evaluate the usefulness of thoracic ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of respiratory syndrome in calves. It also addresses its implementation as a screening method in epidemiological studies and proposes its systematic integration in control programs for respiratory diseases in cattle. For this purpose, an exhaustive review of the scientific literature was carried out, complemented with images and data from the practical application of the ultrasound technique. The focus is on the applicability of lung ultrasound in dairy cattle farms, highlighting its diagnostic value supported by previous scientific evidence. Several studies show that this tool allows the identification of subclinical conditions, the monitoring of disease evolution and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, favouring a more accurate management of respiratory health in rebreeding. Consequently, it is concluded that lung ultrasound constitutes a complementary method of great value for the prognosis of respiratory syndrome, offering high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, adequate adaptability to field conditions and a clear knowledge of its technical and operational limitations.
Direction
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Grille Barbeira, Rogelio (Co-tutorships)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Grille Barbeira, Rogelio (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Evaluation of the effect of two nutritional supplements in the treatment of canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome.
Authorship
L.M.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.M.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.24.2025 09:30
06.24.2025 09:30
Summary
Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS) is an underdiagnosed disease that actually increases in prevalence as patients age. Furthermore, it plays a special role in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research in humans because dogs are the preferred study model due to the great similarity between both diseases. As a degenerative disease CDS has no cure, but various treatments do aim to improve the quality of life of both patients and their caregivers. This treatment does not only have a pharmacological approach, but dietary and behavioral aspects play a crucial role in it. This End of Degree Project focuses on the effect of two nutritional supplements (Cognidine and Oxispeed) as a treatment for canine CDS, comparing the results of two questionnaires (CADES (canine dementia scale) and TDS (total dysfunction score)) before receiving the nutritional supplements, one month after starting to consume them and three months after de beginning of the treatment. The results of this study seem to be satisfactory, showing statistically significant differences between the initial test results and the results after one month of treatment. However, it’s necessary to continue with this research project to further strengthen these claims.
Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS) is an underdiagnosed disease that actually increases in prevalence as patients age. Furthermore, it plays a special role in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research in humans because dogs are the preferred study model due to the great similarity between both diseases. As a degenerative disease CDS has no cure, but various treatments do aim to improve the quality of life of both patients and their caregivers. This treatment does not only have a pharmacological approach, but dietary and behavioral aspects play a crucial role in it. This End of Degree Project focuses on the effect of two nutritional supplements (Cognidine and Oxispeed) as a treatment for canine CDS, comparing the results of two questionnaires (CADES (canine dementia scale) and TDS (total dysfunction score)) before receiving the nutritional supplements, one month after starting to consume them and three months after de beginning of the treatment. The results of this study seem to be satisfactory, showing statistically significant differences between the initial test results and the results after one month of treatment. However, it’s necessary to continue with this research project to further strengthen these claims.
Direction
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ MARTINEZ, ANGELA (Co-tutorships)
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ MARTINEZ, ANGELA (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Effects of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Reproduction
Authorship
A.M.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.M.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.24.2025 09:30
06.24.2025 09:30
Summary
The high amount of waste produced in urban and rural areas and the widespread presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in ecosystems have turned them into a serious threat to the environment and to human and animal health. These particles are capable of penetrating various organisms within the food chain, accumulating and causing damage to different systems. This literature review delves into their toxic effects on reproduction at various levels: alterations in gametogenesis, disruptions in hormonal balance, and reduced fertility and embryonic viability. Additionally, studies on the reproductive impact of their two main additives, Bisphenol A and phthalates, are analyzed. These act as endocrine disruptors and negatively affect reproductive efficacy. Other topics addressed in this work include the potential effect of these pollutants on in vitro reproduction techniques across different species and the transgenerational effects that exposure to them may entail. Finally, some current regulations for microplastic control are presented, despite the clear need for further regulation and research in this area.
The high amount of waste produced in urban and rural areas and the widespread presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in ecosystems have turned them into a serious threat to the environment and to human and animal health. These particles are capable of penetrating various organisms within the food chain, accumulating and causing damage to different systems. This literature review delves into their toxic effects on reproduction at various levels: alterations in gametogenesis, disruptions in hormonal balance, and reduced fertility and embryonic viability. Additionally, studies on the reproductive impact of their two main additives, Bisphenol A and phthalates, are analyzed. These act as endocrine disruptors and negatively affect reproductive efficacy. Other topics addressed in this work include the potential effect of these pollutants on in vitro reproduction techniques across different species and the transgenerational effects that exposure to them may entail. Finally, some current regulations for microplastic control are presented, despite the clear need for further regulation and research in this area.
Direction
García Herradón, Pedro José (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ RAMIL, UXIA (Co-tutorships)
García Herradón, Pedro José (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ RAMIL, UXIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Secretary)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Member)
Effect of regulated and emerging mycotoxins on NCI-H226 lung cancer cell line
Authorship
C.M.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.M.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 16:00
02.17.2025 16:00
Summary
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, especially those belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium y Fusarium. The contamination of cereal and agricultural products, particularly those intended for animal feed, can cause mycotoxicosis, compromising both animal health and productivity. These mycotoxins can be classified into two groups: emerging or unregulated, such as gliotoxin (Glio), and regulated, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). This study evaluates the effect of these two mycotoxins on the NCI-H226 lung cancer cell line. A considerable reduction in viability is observed when cells are treated with concentrations of 5 micromolar and 10 micromolar of Glio, with survival rates of 58% and 31% respectively and a inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 7.2 micromolar. However, DON is a significantly less powerful mycotoxin, with survival percentages of 83% with 5 micromolar and 66% at 10 micromolar. In the presence of lower concentrations of mycotoxins (0.1 micromolar, 0.5 micromolar, 1 micromolar) there is an increase in the signal in contrast to untreated cells, showing that these mycotoxins promote the proliferation of tumor cells. In order to verify whether the combination of these toxins has a synergistic, additive or antagonistic effect, cells were treated with both compounds in a 1:1 ratio and it was observed that DON´s effect is completely masked by Glio. Finally, the type of cell death induced by these mycotoxins was determined by flow cytometry, dominating early apoptosis with DON and Glio individually and late apoptosis when both are combined.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, especially those belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium y Fusarium. The contamination of cereal and agricultural products, particularly those intended for animal feed, can cause mycotoxicosis, compromising both animal health and productivity. These mycotoxins can be classified into two groups: emerging or unregulated, such as gliotoxin (Glio), and regulated, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). This study evaluates the effect of these two mycotoxins on the NCI-H226 lung cancer cell line. A considerable reduction in viability is observed when cells are treated with concentrations of 5 micromolar and 10 micromolar of Glio, with survival rates of 58% and 31% respectively and a inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 7.2 micromolar. However, DON is a significantly less powerful mycotoxin, with survival percentages of 83% with 5 micromolar and 66% at 10 micromolar. In the presence of lower concentrations of mycotoxins (0.1 micromolar, 0.5 micromolar, 1 micromolar) there is an increase in the signal in contrast to untreated cells, showing that these mycotoxins promote the proliferation of tumor cells. In order to verify whether the combination of these toxins has a synergistic, additive or antagonistic effect, cells were treated with both compounds in a 1:1 ratio and it was observed that DON´s effect is completely masked by Glio. Finally, the type of cell death induced by these mycotoxins was determined by flow cytometry, dominating early apoptosis with DON and Glio individually and late apoptosis when both are combined.
Direction
ALFONSO RANCAÑO, MARIA AMPARO (Tutorships)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Co-tutorships)
ALFONSO RANCAÑO, MARIA AMPARO (Tutorships)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Co-tutorships)
Court
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
Characterization of the histological changes produced by Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in cat lungs
Authorship
J.N.N.
Bachelor in Veterinary
J.N.N.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 16:00
02.17.2025 16:00
Summary
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is a broncho-pulmonary nematode that infects domestic and wild cats, causing significant histopathological alterations in lung tissue. Despite its high prevalence, its potential role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and fibrosis has not been sufficiently studied. This study analyzes the pulmonary lesions caused by A. abstrusus, characterizing the presence of abnormal mesenchymal tissue in the interalveolar septa and evaluating its possible pathogenic role in PAH. Additionally, the relationship between parásitosis and anesthetic complications in infected cats is explored. A total of 46 lung samples obtained from necropsies conducted between 2021 and 2024 were analyzed using histological staining, immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin, morphometric analysis, PCR, and sequencing to confirm the presence of the parasite. Parasitized lungs exhibited interstitial pneumonia, granulomas, and a marked eosinophilic infiltration, along with significant thickening of pulmonary arterioles (p menor a 0.001) and neoformation of smooth muscle tissue in the interalveolar septa. PCR confirmed A. abstrusus infection. In some cases, seemingly healthy cats died during minor anesthetic procedures, suggesting a possible link between parásitosis and respiratory dysfunction. The findings suggest that A. abstrusus may induce severe vascular alterations in the lungs, contributing to PAH development. This highlights the need to improve diagnostic techniques and further investigate the long-term impact of this parasite on feline respiratory health.
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is a broncho-pulmonary nematode that infects domestic and wild cats, causing significant histopathological alterations in lung tissue. Despite its high prevalence, its potential role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and fibrosis has not been sufficiently studied. This study analyzes the pulmonary lesions caused by A. abstrusus, characterizing the presence of abnormal mesenchymal tissue in the interalveolar septa and evaluating its possible pathogenic role in PAH. Additionally, the relationship between parásitosis and anesthetic complications in infected cats is explored. A total of 46 lung samples obtained from necropsies conducted between 2021 and 2024 were analyzed using histological staining, immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin, morphometric analysis, PCR, and sequencing to confirm the presence of the parasite. Parasitized lungs exhibited interstitial pneumonia, granulomas, and a marked eosinophilic infiltration, along with significant thickening of pulmonary arterioles (p menor a 0.001) and neoformation of smooth muscle tissue in the interalveolar septa. PCR confirmed A. abstrusus infection. In some cases, seemingly healthy cats died during minor anesthetic procedures, suggesting a possible link between parásitosis and respiratory dysfunction. The findings suggest that A. abstrusus may induce severe vascular alterations in the lungs, contributing to PAH development. This highlights the need to improve diagnostic techniques and further investigate the long-term impact of this parasite on feline respiratory health.
Direction
LOPEZ PEÑA, MONICA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
LOPEZ PEÑA, MONICA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
Identification of species and sex in two beaked whales through anatomical, radiological, and genetic studies
Authorship
K.P.Z.
Bachelor in Veterinary
K.P.Z.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
Ziphiids are odontocete cetaceans about which very little is known, as they inhabit deep waters and exhibit elusive behavior, consequently, much of our knowledge comes from the study of carcasses stranded on shore. Moreover, species identification in stranded ziphiids is often challenging due to overlapping morphological traits, and the only diagnostic character in adult males is the eruption site of the single pair of mandibular teeth. The objective of this work was to confirm species and sex of two specimens initially, but not definitively, identified as Sowerbys beaked whale Mesoplodon bidens. To this end, we carried out anatomical studies dissection and morphometric measurements, computed tomography CT, and molecular genetic analyses PCR and sequencing. CT studies of the head revealed morphological features in bones and soft tissues consistent with M. biden. In the dissection of the soft tissues, two parallel grooves in the floor of the spiracular cavity were observed, a finding that allowed us to identify the two individuals as Sowerbys beaked whales, since it is the only species of beaked whale that presents this morphological peculiarity in the nasal sac system. The genetic analysis consisted of amplifying and sequencing the mitochondrial control region in all three specimens the resulting sequences were compared against the NCBI nBLAST DNA Surveillance databases, unequivocally confirming them as M. bidens. Simultaneously, amplification of the Zfx and Zfy introns from the sex chromosomes revealed an XY karyotype, identifying both individuals as males. These findings demonstrate that, although multiple methodologies can be employed for species identification in stranded ziphiids, molecular genetics is the most reliable approach, and its inclusion in the Galicia Stranding Network protocols is therefore recommended to ensure accurate species assignment in ambiguous cases.
Ziphiids are odontocete cetaceans about which very little is known, as they inhabit deep waters and exhibit elusive behavior, consequently, much of our knowledge comes from the study of carcasses stranded on shore. Moreover, species identification in stranded ziphiids is often challenging due to overlapping morphological traits, and the only diagnostic character in adult males is the eruption site of the single pair of mandibular teeth. The objective of this work was to confirm species and sex of two specimens initially, but not definitively, identified as Sowerbys beaked whale Mesoplodon bidens. To this end, we carried out anatomical studies dissection and morphometric measurements, computed tomography CT, and molecular genetic analyses PCR and sequencing. CT studies of the head revealed morphological features in bones and soft tissues consistent with M. biden. In the dissection of the soft tissues, two parallel grooves in the floor of the spiracular cavity were observed, a finding that allowed us to identify the two individuals as Sowerbys beaked whales, since it is the only species of beaked whale that presents this morphological peculiarity in the nasal sac system. The genetic analysis consisted of amplifying and sequencing the mitochondrial control region in all three specimens the resulting sequences were compared against the NCBI nBLAST DNA Surveillance databases, unequivocally confirming them as M. bidens. Simultaneously, amplification of the Zfx and Zfy introns from the sex chromosomes revealed an XY karyotype, identifying both individuals as males. These findings demonstrate that, although multiple methodologies can be employed for species identification in stranded ziphiids, molecular genetics is the most reliable approach, and its inclusion in the Galicia Stranding Network protocols is therefore recommended to ensure accurate species assignment in ambiguous cases.
Direction
ALEMAÑ POSADAS, NURIA VICENTA (Tutorships)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Co-tutorships)
ALEMAÑ POSADAS, NURIA VICENTA (Tutorships)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
Sustainable valorization of fishery by-products: obtaining collagen and its use in the food industry.
Authorship
M.D.C.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.D.C.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 16:00
02.17.2025 16:00
Summary
The valorization of fishery by-products has gained relevance in the food industry as a sustainable strategy to reduce waste and efficiently use marine resources. Marine collagen, derived mainly from fish skins, scales and bones, has been shown to possess technological and functional properties that make it attractive for application in various industrial sectors, including food, cosmetics and biomedicine. This work reviews collagen extraction methods, highlighting traditional techniques such as acid extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis, as well as emerging methods such as ultrasound-assisted extraction and the use of supercritical fluids. The factors that influence the yield and quality of the collagen obtained are analyzed, highlighting the influence of the species of origin and the processing conditions. In addition, the applications of marine collagen in the food industry are addressed, where it is used as a functional additive for its gelling, emulsifying and stabilizing capacity. Despite its multiple benefits, challenges related to process standardization, economic viability and consumer acceptance are identified. Finally, future perspectives are presented aimed at optimizing sustainable extraction techniques and developing new products with marine collagen that respond to the growing demands of the global market.
The valorization of fishery by-products has gained relevance in the food industry as a sustainable strategy to reduce waste and efficiently use marine resources. Marine collagen, derived mainly from fish skins, scales and bones, has been shown to possess technological and functional properties that make it attractive for application in various industrial sectors, including food, cosmetics and biomedicine. This work reviews collagen extraction methods, highlighting traditional techniques such as acid extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis, as well as emerging methods such as ultrasound-assisted extraction and the use of supercritical fluids. The factors that influence the yield and quality of the collagen obtained are analyzed, highlighting the influence of the species of origin and the processing conditions. In addition, the applications of marine collagen in the food industry are addressed, where it is used as a functional additive for its gelling, emulsifying and stabilizing capacity. Despite its multiple benefits, challenges related to process standardization, economic viability and consumer acceptance are identified. Finally, future perspectives are presented aimed at optimizing sustainable extraction techniques and developing new products with marine collagen that respond to the growing demands of the global market.
Direction
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
Morphofunctional characterization of the vomeronasal organ during the embryological developement in rabbits
Authorship
D.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
D.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 09:30
02.17.2025 09:30
Summary
The vestibulo-cochlear system consists of advanced sensory structures such as the membranous and bony labyrinths located inside the inner ear, and the sensory neuronal afferences that form the vestibulo-cochlear nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII). This system is critical for two main functions: the auditory system captures and processes sound vibrations, while the vestibular system maintains balance and spatial orientation. From an evolutionary perspective, the ability to detect and discriminate acoustic and vestibular stimuli has been key in the survival of vertebrates, allowing them to anticipate and effectively react to environmental changes and communicate with conspecifics. The auditory system is particularly involved in detecting sounds related to feeding, intraspecific communication, and predator perception. Meanwhile, the vestibular system supports posture, balance, and coordination during movement and other physical activities. This study focused on the prenatal development of the auditory system in rabbits, examining the degree of differentiation within the auditory structures and nuclei responsible for sensory integration at an embryonic stage of 20 days. To this end, a serial histological study was carried out in the three anatomical planes, using complete heads of 20-day-old fetuses. The samples were embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl stains. Additionally, immunohistochemical and lectin labeling provided morpho-functional information. According to the results obtained, this period marks significant maturation of the vestibulo-cochlear system, as demonstrated by the presence of well-differentiated sensory structures and integration centers, along with neurochemical patterns that suggest operational functionality. These observations are crucial as they highlight the early functional preparedness of the auditory system, which is essential after birth for subsequent auditory processing and balance maintenance.
The vestibulo-cochlear system consists of advanced sensory structures such as the membranous and bony labyrinths located inside the inner ear, and the sensory neuronal afferences that form the vestibulo-cochlear nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII). This system is critical for two main functions: the auditory system captures and processes sound vibrations, while the vestibular system maintains balance and spatial orientation. From an evolutionary perspective, the ability to detect and discriminate acoustic and vestibular stimuli has been key in the survival of vertebrates, allowing them to anticipate and effectively react to environmental changes and communicate with conspecifics. The auditory system is particularly involved in detecting sounds related to feeding, intraspecific communication, and predator perception. Meanwhile, the vestibular system supports posture, balance, and coordination during movement and other physical activities. This study focused on the prenatal development of the auditory system in rabbits, examining the degree of differentiation within the auditory structures and nuclei responsible for sensory integration at an embryonic stage of 20 days. To this end, a serial histological study was carried out in the three anatomical planes, using complete heads of 20-day-old fetuses. The samples were embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl stains. Additionally, immunohistochemical and lectin labeling provided morpho-functional information. According to the results obtained, this period marks significant maturation of the vestibulo-cochlear system, as demonstrated by the presence of well-differentiated sensory structures and integration centers, along with neurochemical patterns that suggest operational functionality. These observations are crucial as they highlight the early functional preparedness of the auditory system, which is essential after birth for subsequent auditory processing and balance maintenance.
Direction
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ TORRES, MATEO (Co-tutorships)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ TORRES, MATEO (Co-tutorships)
Court
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Diesase in cattle: a retrospective study
Authorship
S.R.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.R.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) is an emerging viral disease caused by an Orbivirus of the Reoviridae family. It is vector-borne and transmitted by insects of the Culicoides genus. It primarily affects deer species, in which it has been more extensively studied due to its high pathogenicity and severe clinical presentation in these animals. On the other hand, in recent years, especially in Spain, significant outbreaks have occurred in cattle, causing major health problems and severe economic losses. This work focuses on a retrospective study of the disease’s evolution over time. In general terms, the key points addressed include the global and current distribution in Spain, the predominant serotypes in each region, the pathogenesis of the disease, clinical signs and lesion for accurate identification, diagnosis methods, and the main surveillance and control strategies, as well as the current regulatory framework. The information analyzed will cover the period from the first reported outbreaks in the United States up to the present day. The main objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the disease through an extensive literature review, highlighting its importance in the livestock sector and supporting its prevention and early detection, with a special focus on the cattle species.
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) is an emerging viral disease caused by an Orbivirus of the Reoviridae family. It is vector-borne and transmitted by insects of the Culicoides genus. It primarily affects deer species, in which it has been more extensively studied due to its high pathogenicity and severe clinical presentation in these animals. On the other hand, in recent years, especially in Spain, significant outbreaks have occurred in cattle, causing major health problems and severe economic losses. This work focuses on a retrospective study of the disease’s evolution over time. In general terms, the key points addressed include the global and current distribution in Spain, the predominant serotypes in each region, the pathogenesis of the disease, clinical signs and lesion for accurate identification, diagnosis methods, and the main surveillance and control strategies, as well as the current regulatory framework. The information analyzed will cover the period from the first reported outbreaks in the United States up to the present day. The main objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the disease through an extensive literature review, highlighting its importance in the livestock sector and supporting its prevention and early detection, with a special focus on the cattle species.
Direction
LOPEZ SANDEZ, CEFERINO MANUEL (Tutorships)
LOPEZ SANDEZ, CEFERINO MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
Welfare indicators in aquarium fish. Pilot study at the Aquarium Finisterrae.
Authorship
A.R.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.R.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
In recent years, Animal Welfare (BA) has gained significant importance, especially in environments such as public aquariums, where ensuring a good quality of life for animals kept in captivity is a primary goal. However, assessing the welfare of fish presents particular challenges, as each tank houses very different species with specific needs. In response to this issue, and thanks to a direct collaboration between the Aquarium Finisterrae of A Coruña (AF) and the University of Santiago de Compostela, this Final Degree Project (TFG) has developed a prototype of a practical tool: a “Perception Questionnaire on BA based on key indicators.” The main objective of this questionnaire is to gather the perceptions of AF staff regarding various aspects related to BA, allowing for the identification (through a qualitative approach) of aspects that can improve or promote the BA. As part of this pilot trial, the questionnaire was applied in two AF tanks with distinct characteristics. The design of this questionnaire arose from the analysis of the main parameters related to environmental, behavioral, health, and feeding indicators that, according to the reviewed literature, influence the BA of fish in public aquariums. The responses obtained have led to the identification, through the direct observation of experienced staff, of several factors that may be influencing BA and that could be considered for future interventions. This project does not aim to provide an thorough evaluation of BA in aquarium fish, but rather to serve as a starting point for the development of a future systematic, standardized, and replicable assessment tool applicable to other aquariums thus contributing to the dissemination and continuous improvement of BA in captive fish.
In recent years, Animal Welfare (BA) has gained significant importance, especially in environments such as public aquariums, where ensuring a good quality of life for animals kept in captivity is a primary goal. However, assessing the welfare of fish presents particular challenges, as each tank houses very different species with specific needs. In response to this issue, and thanks to a direct collaboration between the Aquarium Finisterrae of A Coruña (AF) and the University of Santiago de Compostela, this Final Degree Project (TFG) has developed a prototype of a practical tool: a “Perception Questionnaire on BA based on key indicators.” The main objective of this questionnaire is to gather the perceptions of AF staff regarding various aspects related to BA, allowing for the identification (through a qualitative approach) of aspects that can improve or promote the BA. As part of this pilot trial, the questionnaire was applied in two AF tanks with distinct characteristics. The design of this questionnaire arose from the analysis of the main parameters related to environmental, behavioral, health, and feeding indicators that, according to the reviewed literature, influence the BA of fish in public aquariums. The responses obtained have led to the identification, through the direct observation of experienced staff, of several factors that may be influencing BA and that could be considered for future interventions. This project does not aim to provide an thorough evaluation of BA in aquarium fish, but rather to serve as a starting point for the development of a future systematic, standardized, and replicable assessment tool applicable to other aquariums thus contributing to the dissemination and continuous improvement of BA in captive fish.
Direction
Vázquez Rodríguez, Sonia (Tutorships)
Castro García, Noelia de (Co-tutorships)
Vázquez Rodríguez, Sonia (Tutorships)
Castro García, Noelia de (Co-tutorships)
Court
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
Haemodynamic Alterations in Dogs Undergoing Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation: Impact of Anaesthetic Protocol
Authorship
L.R.C.D.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.R.C.D.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
OBJECTIVE: Patent ductus arteriosus (CAP) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases in the canine species. Its persistence without treatment leads to heart failure. Surgical correction can reverse this process and ensure a favourable prognosis. The aim of this study is to describe and analyse the intraoperative haemodynamic evolution, the presence of the Nicoladoni-Branham (NB) sign and the complications associated with surgical correction of CAP in canines, as well as to compare the effects of two anaesthetic protocols: acepromazine (ACP) and dexmedetomidine (DEX). METHOD: Retrospective and prospective study of thirty-five canine patients undergoing surgical ligation of CAP at the Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina (HVURC) between January 2015 and March 2025. Haemodynamic variables - heart rate (FC), systolic (PAS), diastolic (PAD) and mean (PAM) blood pressure - were recorded before and after occlusion, and immediate and late complications were documented. The haemodynamic effects of premedication with ACP versus DEX were compared. RESULTS: During CAP occlusion, a significant reduction in FC and an increase in PAD and PAM were observed, confirming the presence of the NB sign in a proportion comparable to previous studies. No anticholinergic treatment was required. DEX showed a trend towards greater haemodynamic stability compared to ACP. The most frequent immediate complication was reflex bradycardia and the most severe was severe haemorrhage, while in the long-term mitral regurgitation, residual reflux and one case of late aortic thromboembolism were detected. The early postoperative survival rate was 94.3%. CONCLUSION: Surgical ligation of the CAP was confirmed as an effective technique, however not without risk. The NB sign was frequent but clinically manageable. DEX demonstrated potential advantages in terms of cardiovascular stability, suggesting its possible inclusion in future anaesthetic protocols. The late complications observed lead to new lines of research on the long-term evolution after CAP correction.
OBJECTIVE: Patent ductus arteriosus (CAP) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases in the canine species. Its persistence without treatment leads to heart failure. Surgical correction can reverse this process and ensure a favourable prognosis. The aim of this study is to describe and analyse the intraoperative haemodynamic evolution, the presence of the Nicoladoni-Branham (NB) sign and the complications associated with surgical correction of CAP in canines, as well as to compare the effects of two anaesthetic protocols: acepromazine (ACP) and dexmedetomidine (DEX). METHOD: Retrospective and prospective study of thirty-five canine patients undergoing surgical ligation of CAP at the Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina (HVURC) between January 2015 and March 2025. Haemodynamic variables - heart rate (FC), systolic (PAS), diastolic (PAD) and mean (PAM) blood pressure - were recorded before and after occlusion, and immediate and late complications were documented. The haemodynamic effects of premedication with ACP versus DEX were compared. RESULTS: During CAP occlusion, a significant reduction in FC and an increase in PAD and PAM were observed, confirming the presence of the NB sign in a proportion comparable to previous studies. No anticholinergic treatment was required. DEX showed a trend towards greater haemodynamic stability compared to ACP. The most frequent immediate complication was reflex bradycardia and the most severe was severe haemorrhage, while in the long-term mitral regurgitation, residual reflux and one case of late aortic thromboembolism were detected. The early postoperative survival rate was 94.3%. CONCLUSION: Surgical ligation of the CAP was confirmed as an effective technique, however not without risk. The NB sign was frequent but clinically manageable. DEX demonstrated potential advantages in terms of cardiovascular stability, suggesting its possible inclusion in future anaesthetic protocols. The late complications observed lead to new lines of research on the long-term evolution after CAP correction.
Direction
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
FOUZ DOPACIO, RAMIRO ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Secretary)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Member)
Sacroiliac Dysfunction in Horses: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Options
Authorship
V.J.R.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
V.J.R.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
The sacroiliac joint plays a fundamental role in the biomechanics of the horse by transmitting the forces generated by the hind limbs to the rest of the body. Sacroiliac dysfunction represents a frequent diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in equine sports medicine due to the non-specificity of its clinical signs, its complex anatomy and its deep location. This paper presents an updated literature review (2015 to2025) on the aetiology, diagnosis and therapeutic options for sacroiliac dysfunction in horses. The review describes the functional anatomy of the sacroiliac joint, the main clinical signs associated with sacroiliac pain such as gait abnormalities, bouncing, loss of drive, and behavioural changes, as well as the diagnostic tests used. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, scintigraphy and computed tomography are analysed, and the usefulness of diagnostic anaesthesia to confirm the presence of pain is highlighted, despite its limitations and risks. In terms of treatment, conservative approaches (rest, rehabilitation, physiotherapy) and invasive therapies such as steroid or platelet-rich plasma injections, adapted according to the type and chronicity of the injury, are reviewed. The prognosis is variable and depends on the aetiology and response to treatment, although the importance of muscle strengthening and progressive recovery is highlighted. This study highlights the need for a multidisciplinary clinical approach and further research to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this complex but common condition in sport horses.
The sacroiliac joint plays a fundamental role in the biomechanics of the horse by transmitting the forces generated by the hind limbs to the rest of the body. Sacroiliac dysfunction represents a frequent diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in equine sports medicine due to the non-specificity of its clinical signs, its complex anatomy and its deep location. This paper presents an updated literature review (2015 to2025) on the aetiology, diagnosis and therapeutic options for sacroiliac dysfunction in horses. The review describes the functional anatomy of the sacroiliac joint, the main clinical signs associated with sacroiliac pain such as gait abnormalities, bouncing, loss of drive, and behavioural changes, as well as the diagnostic tests used. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, scintigraphy and computed tomography are analysed, and the usefulness of diagnostic anaesthesia to confirm the presence of pain is highlighted, despite its limitations and risks. In terms of treatment, conservative approaches (rest, rehabilitation, physiotherapy) and invasive therapies such as steroid or platelet-rich plasma injections, adapted according to the type and chronicity of the injury, are reviewed. The prognosis is variable and depends on the aetiology and response to treatment, although the importance of muscle strengthening and progressive recovery is highlighted. This study highlights the need for a multidisciplinary clinical approach and further research to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this complex but common condition in sport horses.
Direction
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Tutorships)
Court
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
Canine mast cell tumor: clinical and histopathological aspects of interest
Authorship
M.R.U.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.R.U.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 09:30
02.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Canine mast cell tumor (MCT) is the most common malignant skin tumor and it is considered one of the most common tumors in dogs in general. In the last years, an increase in the incidence of this neoplasia has been identified, attributable to a greater care for our pets. MCT is a tumor with a very diverse biological behavior and appearance, located primarily in the cutaneous tissue (cutaneous mast cell tumor or cMCT) and subcutaneous tissue (subcutaneous mast cell tumor or scMCT), but it can also be found mainly in other organs such as the spleen and liver, either solitary or as a cutaneous metastasis, or, more rarely, causing systemic mastocytosis. Generally, they are nodular and solitary lesions, but they can appear in the form of multiple lesions, of different sizes and that can be limited to a specific area of the body (trunk, head, forelimbs or hindlimbs), or appear in different regions in the form of “satellite” lesions. The diagnosis of mast cell tumor is relatively simple: although hematology or biochemistry do not present conclusive variations, which does not provide useful information to the veterinary or pathologist, cytology, using the fine needle aspiration and puncture technique (FNA), provides a definitive, quick, simple and cheap diagnosis. However, cytology does not allow us to classify or stage mast cell tumor. The staging of mast cell tumor is performed using histopathology techniques based on a biopsy of the tumor. For its classification, we count on two dominant systems in veterinary pathology that take into account the histopathological, biological and morphological characteristics of mast cell tumors and classify them: Patnaik’s system (1984), which divides mast cell tumors into grade I, II or II, and Kiupel’s system (2011) which differentiates mast cells tumors in high or low grade. Both systems are of utmost importance, since each grade or type of mast cell tumor has a different prognosis and treatment depending on its histopathological classification. Finally, and as mentioned above, depending on the mast cell tumor’s degree treatments are varied, being local treatment (surgery, radiotherapy or electrochemotherapy) enough in lower grade tumors, or may require systemic treatment (chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors) or supportive therapy (antihistamines). All of these variable factors make canine mast cell tumor a neoplasm that is still studied nowadays, hopping for a universal and unique classification to be created in veterinary medicine’s world.
Canine mast cell tumor (MCT) is the most common malignant skin tumor and it is considered one of the most common tumors in dogs in general. In the last years, an increase in the incidence of this neoplasia has been identified, attributable to a greater care for our pets. MCT is a tumor with a very diverse biological behavior and appearance, located primarily in the cutaneous tissue (cutaneous mast cell tumor or cMCT) and subcutaneous tissue (subcutaneous mast cell tumor or scMCT), but it can also be found mainly in other organs such as the spleen and liver, either solitary or as a cutaneous metastasis, or, more rarely, causing systemic mastocytosis. Generally, they are nodular and solitary lesions, but they can appear in the form of multiple lesions, of different sizes and that can be limited to a specific area of the body (trunk, head, forelimbs or hindlimbs), or appear in different regions in the form of “satellite” lesions. The diagnosis of mast cell tumor is relatively simple: although hematology or biochemistry do not present conclusive variations, which does not provide useful information to the veterinary or pathologist, cytology, using the fine needle aspiration and puncture technique (FNA), provides a definitive, quick, simple and cheap diagnosis. However, cytology does not allow us to classify or stage mast cell tumor. The staging of mast cell tumor is performed using histopathology techniques based on a biopsy of the tumor. For its classification, we count on two dominant systems in veterinary pathology that take into account the histopathological, biological and morphological characteristics of mast cell tumors and classify them: Patnaik’s system (1984), which divides mast cell tumors into grade I, II or II, and Kiupel’s system (2011) which differentiates mast cells tumors in high or low grade. Both systems are of utmost importance, since each grade or type of mast cell tumor has a different prognosis and treatment depending on its histopathological classification. Finally, and as mentioned above, depending on the mast cell tumor’s degree treatments are varied, being local treatment (surgery, radiotherapy or electrochemotherapy) enough in lower grade tumors, or may require systemic treatment (chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors) or supportive therapy (antihistamines). All of these variable factors make canine mast cell tumor a neoplasm that is still studied nowadays, hopping for a universal and unique classification to be created in veterinary medicine’s world.
Direction
LOPEZ PEÑA, MONICA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
LOPEZ PEÑA, MONICA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
Adaptation of small ruminant livestock to climate change and mitigation of their emissions
Authorship
N.F.R.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
N.F.R.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
This review addresses the adaptation of small ruminant livestock to climate change and mitigation of their emissions, assessing both the contribution of this activity to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the impacts of climate change on animal production and health. Regarding emissions, methane (CH4) emerges as the main GHG emitted, making its mitigation key to reducing the environmental impact associated with small ruminant livestock. To achieve this, strategies such as production intensification and feeding strategies, including pasture management and specific diets, are proposed. The effects of climate change manifest both directly, affecting animal physiology, and indirectly, influencing food and water availability. Heat stress emerges as a critical factor, negatively impacting milk and meat production, as well as reproduction. To reduce these effects, implementing adaptation strategies is required, including precision livestock farming, genetic selection of resilient breeds, and adequate nutritional management. This way, local breeds, adapted to local conditions, represent a promising alternative for adaptation, although finding a balance between productivity and heat resilience is crucial. Finally, it's essential to highlight the need for a multifaceted approach that combines emission mitigation strategies with adaptation to climate change impacts, to ensure the sustainability of small ruminant livestock. Implementing strategies that improve productive efficiency, reduce GHG emissions, and increase animal resilience to thermic stress and other environmental challenges is essential to be able to guarantee the long-term viability of this sector.
This review addresses the adaptation of small ruminant livestock to climate change and mitigation of their emissions, assessing both the contribution of this activity to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the impacts of climate change on animal production and health. Regarding emissions, methane (CH4) emerges as the main GHG emitted, making its mitigation key to reducing the environmental impact associated with small ruminant livestock. To achieve this, strategies such as production intensification and feeding strategies, including pasture management and specific diets, are proposed. The effects of climate change manifest both directly, affecting animal physiology, and indirectly, influencing food and water availability. Heat stress emerges as a critical factor, negatively impacting milk and meat production, as well as reproduction. To reduce these effects, implementing adaptation strategies is required, including precision livestock farming, genetic selection of resilient breeds, and adequate nutritional management. This way, local breeds, adapted to local conditions, represent a promising alternative for adaptation, although finding a balance between productivity and heat resilience is crucial. Finally, it's essential to highlight the need for a multifaceted approach that combines emission mitigation strategies with adaptation to climate change impacts, to ensure the sustainability of small ruminant livestock. Implementing strategies that improve productive efficiency, reduce GHG emissions, and increase animal resilience to thermic stress and other environmental challenges is essential to be able to guarantee the long-term viability of this sector.
Direction
LOPEZ NOVO, CYNTHIA (Tutorships)
Alibés Biosca, Joan (Co-tutorships)
LOPEZ NOVO, CYNTHIA (Tutorships)
Alibés Biosca, Joan (Co-tutorships)
Court
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
Infections with haemoplasmas in cattle from the A Coruña province
Authorship
S.S.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.S.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
Bovine haemoplasmosis is a disease caused by haemotropic Mycoplasmas, known as haemoplasmas, which are mainly transmitted by blood-feeding vectors. Two main species have been identified in cattle: Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos. Although most affected animals are asymptomatic, these infections are associated with immunological alterations that increase susceptibility to other diseases. Consequently, the disease has a negative impact on the productive performance of cattle, leading to significant economic losses. Since none of the available antibiotic protocols have proven effective, control strategies are based on management measures. Since data in our country is limited, the real impact of these bacteria on the Spanish cattle population is currently unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of haemoplasmas in cattle from the province of A Coruña, identify the species present, and assess the influence of various factors on the prevalence. Thus, 330 blood samples were collected from both beef and dairy cattle in nine municipalities of the province. These were grouped into 66 pools of five animals each. The presence of haemoplasmas was detected using PCR which amplifies a fragment of the gene coding for the 16S ribosomal subunit; specific identification was performed through sequence analysis. The percentage of positive pools was calculated, and individual prevalence was estimated using the Minimum Infection Rate (MIR), which assumes that only one sample in each positive pool is truly positive. Our results revealed that haemoplasmas are highly prevalent in cattle in A Coruña, with 81.8% of the pools testing positive and a MIR of 16.4%. Positive samples were found on all farms, demonstrating the wide geographic spread of these pathogens. The high within-herd prevalences suggest that once the pathogen enters a farm, it tends to spread rapidly among all animals. Mycoplasma wenyonii, with six different genetic variants, was predominant (61.1%) over Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos (38.9%), which showed less genetic variability. Although no significant differences were found in the studied factors, the results suggest a very early exposure after birth, with higher infection rates in animals that graze and in those from farms where needles are reused. In conclusion, the data obtained in this study confirm the endemic circulation of haemoplasmas in cattle from A Coruña. Broader epidemiological studies for unravelling their impact on animal health are needed.
Bovine haemoplasmosis is a disease caused by haemotropic Mycoplasmas, known as haemoplasmas, which are mainly transmitted by blood-feeding vectors. Two main species have been identified in cattle: Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos. Although most affected animals are asymptomatic, these infections are associated with immunological alterations that increase susceptibility to other diseases. Consequently, the disease has a negative impact on the productive performance of cattle, leading to significant economic losses. Since none of the available antibiotic protocols have proven effective, control strategies are based on management measures. Since data in our country is limited, the real impact of these bacteria on the Spanish cattle population is currently unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of haemoplasmas in cattle from the province of A Coruña, identify the species present, and assess the influence of various factors on the prevalence. Thus, 330 blood samples were collected from both beef and dairy cattle in nine municipalities of the province. These were grouped into 66 pools of five animals each. The presence of haemoplasmas was detected using PCR which amplifies a fragment of the gene coding for the 16S ribosomal subunit; specific identification was performed through sequence analysis. The percentage of positive pools was calculated, and individual prevalence was estimated using the Minimum Infection Rate (MIR), which assumes that only one sample in each positive pool is truly positive. Our results revealed that haemoplasmas are highly prevalent in cattle in A Coruña, with 81.8% of the pools testing positive and a MIR of 16.4%. Positive samples were found on all farms, demonstrating the wide geographic spread of these pathogens. The high within-herd prevalences suggest that once the pathogen enters a farm, it tends to spread rapidly among all animals. Mycoplasma wenyonii, with six different genetic variants, was predominant (61.1%) over Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos (38.9%), which showed less genetic variability. Although no significant differences were found in the studied factors, the results suggest a very early exposure after birth, with higher infection rates in animals that graze and in those from farms where needles are reused. In conclusion, the data obtained in this study confirm the endemic circulation of haemoplasmas in cattle from A Coruña. Broader epidemiological studies for unravelling their impact on animal health are needed.
Direction
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
GARCIA DIOS, DAVID (Co-tutorships)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
GARCIA DIOS, DAVID (Co-tutorships)
Court
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
Ornamental fish diseases
Authorship
L.S.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.S.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
Currently, there is an increasing hobby for breeding ornamental fish under controlled conditions of temperature, pH, and feeding. Continuous technological advancements in farming systems have allowed for an increase in the number of species successfully bred in captivity, especially those more delicate and less resistant species that require more demanding conditions. However, breeding a larger number of species in captivity leads to an increase in the incidence of diseases, some of which are little known or not described until now, and for which treatments are limited. This work proposes a compilation of the most relevant diseases affecting ornamental fish, with special attention to their epidemiology, clinical signs, lesions, and possible treatments.
Currently, there is an increasing hobby for breeding ornamental fish under controlled conditions of temperature, pH, and feeding. Continuous technological advancements in farming systems have allowed for an increase in the number of species successfully bred in captivity, especially those more delicate and less resistant species that require more demanding conditions. However, breeding a larger number of species in captivity leads to an increase in the incidence of diseases, some of which are little known or not described until now, and for which treatments are limited. This work proposes a compilation of the most relevant diseases affecting ornamental fish, with special attention to their epidemiology, clinical signs, lesions, and possible treatments.
Direction
Vázquez Rodríguez, Sonia (Tutorships)
Losada García, Ana Paula (Co-tutorships)
Vázquez Rodríguez, Sonia (Tutorships)
Losada García, Ana Paula (Co-tutorships)
Court
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
Comparison between a competitive ELISA and an indirect ELISA for the diagnosis of Lawsonia intracellularis in fattening pigs
Authorship
J.V.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
J.V.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.23.2025 09:30
06.23.2025 09:30
Summary
Proliferative enteropathy in pigs is one of the most prevalent digestive diseases affecting swine livestock worldwide. This disease is caused by Lawsonia intracellularis, an obligate intracellular bacterium whose transmission is favored by poor hygiene, as well as the presence of contaminated fomites and vectors such as rodents. Although it can cause severe clinical symptoms, the most common form is subclinical, which, combined with intermittent shedding of the bacteria in feces, makes diagnosis difficult. The significance of this disease for the swine industry lies mainly in the serious economic losses it causes, primarily due to reduced animal productivity and increased control-related costs. Because of the intermittent shedding of the pathogen in the feces of infected animals and the fact that it usually presents subclinically, indirect serological diagnostic methods are particularly relevant. For this reason, the objectives of this study were, on the one hand, to compare two commercial ELISA formats for antibody detection, one based on a competitive format and the other on a traditional indirect format, to assess the health status of animals regarding Lawsonia intracellularis infection, and on the other hand, to discuss the usefulness of both methods for serological monitoring of this infection in fattening pigs. To this end, 180 serum samples were collected from animals in three different fattening farms, all populated from the same origin. Each farm was visited three times, and samples were collected from 20 animals at 14, 16, and 18 weeks of age. The samples were then analyzed using each commercial ELISA kit, and the results were statistically analyzed using McNemar’s test and Cohen’s Kappa index. The results showed a significant discrepancy between the two kits (p value less than 0.0001 in McNemar’s test), with a Kappa index of 0.077 and an observed agreement of 45%, indicating very poor concordance. Because of this, it is necessary to validate the ELISA tests used against a reference method to objectively assess which of these techniques offers greater diagnostic validity for classifying animals with respect to this infection. Regarding the serological monitoring of each farm, the results suggest that the competitive ELISA may be more useful for this purpose compared to the indirect ELISA. However, it is important to consider both the lack of agreement between the two kits and the need to confirm this hypothesis through a representative sampling that improves result accuracy.
Proliferative enteropathy in pigs is one of the most prevalent digestive diseases affecting swine livestock worldwide. This disease is caused by Lawsonia intracellularis, an obligate intracellular bacterium whose transmission is favored by poor hygiene, as well as the presence of contaminated fomites and vectors such as rodents. Although it can cause severe clinical symptoms, the most common form is subclinical, which, combined with intermittent shedding of the bacteria in feces, makes diagnosis difficult. The significance of this disease for the swine industry lies mainly in the serious economic losses it causes, primarily due to reduced animal productivity and increased control-related costs. Because of the intermittent shedding of the pathogen in the feces of infected animals and the fact that it usually presents subclinically, indirect serological diagnostic methods are particularly relevant. For this reason, the objectives of this study were, on the one hand, to compare two commercial ELISA formats for antibody detection, one based on a competitive format and the other on a traditional indirect format, to assess the health status of animals regarding Lawsonia intracellularis infection, and on the other hand, to discuss the usefulness of both methods for serological monitoring of this infection in fattening pigs. To this end, 180 serum samples were collected from animals in three different fattening farms, all populated from the same origin. Each farm was visited three times, and samples were collected from 20 animals at 14, 16, and 18 weeks of age. The samples were then analyzed using each commercial ELISA kit, and the results were statistically analyzed using McNemar’s test and Cohen’s Kappa index. The results showed a significant discrepancy between the two kits (p value less than 0.0001 in McNemar’s test), with a Kappa index of 0.077 and an observed agreement of 45%, indicating very poor concordance. Because of this, it is necessary to validate the ELISA tests used against a reference method to objectively assess which of these techniques offers greater diagnostic validity for classifying animals with respect to this infection. Regarding the serological monitoring of each farm, the results suggest that the competitive ELISA may be more useful for this purpose compared to the indirect ELISA. However, it is important to consider both the lack of agreement between the two kits and the need to confirm this hypothesis through a representative sampling that improves result accuracy.
Direction
Prieto Lago, Alberto (Tutorships)
López Lorenzo, Gonzalo (Co-tutorships)
Prieto Lago, Alberto (Tutorships)
López Lorenzo, Gonzalo (Co-tutorships)
Court
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Secretary)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Member)
Development of Mucor circinelloides in the presence of used cooking oil (UCO): analysis of parasiticidal activity.
Authorship
E.V.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
E.V.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.17.2025 09:30
02.17.2025 09:30
Summary
This paper presents the analysis of Mucor circinelloides, a fungus with significant biotechnological potential, and its behavior under experimental conditions typical for this species. The objectives focused on evaluating its sporulation capacity at different concentrations of used cooking oil (UCO) as a substrate, with the result that at 2%, the fungus finds a very favorable environment for its development. On the other hand, the development of M. circinelloides was assessed under different substrate concentrations to analyze the fungus's ability to adapt to a non-conventional environment. Concentrations higher than 5% were discarded because the development was inferior. The experiment also included the evaluation of the ovicidal potential of the fungus against eggs of the gastrointestinal nematodes Toxascaris leonina and Trichuris spp., which are of great importance in human and veterinary medicine. Through these studies, it was demonstrated that M. circinelloides develops completely normally in the presence of UCO at lower o equal concentrations to 5%, and its antagonistic activity is not affected.
This paper presents the analysis of Mucor circinelloides, a fungus with significant biotechnological potential, and its behavior under experimental conditions typical for this species. The objectives focused on evaluating its sporulation capacity at different concentrations of used cooking oil (UCO) as a substrate, with the result that at 2%, the fungus finds a very favorable environment for its development. On the other hand, the development of M. circinelloides was assessed under different substrate concentrations to analyze the fungus's ability to adapt to a non-conventional environment. Concentrations higher than 5% were discarded because the development was inferior. The experiment also included the evaluation of the ovicidal potential of the fungus against eggs of the gastrointestinal nematodes Toxascaris leonina and Trichuris spp., which are of great importance in human and veterinary medicine. Through these studies, it was demonstrated that M. circinelloides develops completely normally in the presence of UCO at lower o equal concentrations to 5%, and its antagonistic activity is not affected.
Direction
SÁNCHEZ-ANDRADE FERNÁNDEZ, RITA (Tutorships)
SÁNCHEZ-ANDRADE FERNÁNDEZ, RITA (Tutorships)
Court
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)