Crocodiles: anatomy and physiology of the organs involved in diving and related aspects
Authorship
M.F.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.F.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
This work is a literature review that explores the evolutionary adaptations of Crocodilia focusing primarily on their inmersion capabilities. Crocodilians have evolved a hybrid biomechanical design that allows them to move both on land and in water. Adults tend to inhabit open water, while hatchlings take shelter in vegetation near the shore. Their locomotion in short bursts uses anaerobic metabolism, while sustained swimming for long distances relies on aerobic metabolism. During dives, crocodiles can remain underwater due to cardiovascular redistribution of blood flow and decreased heart rate. Thermoregulation is fundamental to their daily life, as they are ectotherms and depend on environmental temperature to regulate their body temperature. During the day, they expose themselves to the sun to warm up, and at night they stay in water. They use peripheral blood flow to capture or maintain thermal energy. In addition, they have specific adaptations such as high vascularisation of the head and, in the case of alligators, the ability to hibernate in cold climates. The cardiovascular system of Crocodilia is unique among reptiles, as they have a four-chambered heart, similar to that of mammals and birds. This allows for efficient circulation during immersion. The foramen of Panizza, a hole that connects both aortas, and the anastomosis are crucial for the passage of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, allowing prolonged dives. During diving, the heart rate drops significantly, reducing oxygen consumption. The respiratory system of Crocodilia is also very efficient. They breathe mainly through the nostrils, which close tightly when submerged. The gular valve and glottis allow the mouth to open underwater without the water entering the trachea and lungs. Their multi-chambered lungs and diaphragmaticus muscle facilitate efficient gas exchange and contribute to buoyancy and manoeuvrability during swimming. The Crocodilia respiratory cycle alternates between active ventilatory and non-ventilatory phases during diving, where air is maintained in the lungs with minimal muscular effort. Blood flow to the lungs facilitates efficient gas exchange during the dive, where they can remain for prolonged periods. This study reveals how Crocodilia have evolved unique adaptations to survive in their aquatic and terrestrial habitats. It highlights their evolution and adaptation in the ability to perform prolonged dives and regulate their body temperature.
This work is a literature review that explores the evolutionary adaptations of Crocodilia focusing primarily on their inmersion capabilities. Crocodilians have evolved a hybrid biomechanical design that allows them to move both on land and in water. Adults tend to inhabit open water, while hatchlings take shelter in vegetation near the shore. Their locomotion in short bursts uses anaerobic metabolism, while sustained swimming for long distances relies on aerobic metabolism. During dives, crocodiles can remain underwater due to cardiovascular redistribution of blood flow and decreased heart rate. Thermoregulation is fundamental to their daily life, as they are ectotherms and depend on environmental temperature to regulate their body temperature. During the day, they expose themselves to the sun to warm up, and at night they stay in water. They use peripheral blood flow to capture or maintain thermal energy. In addition, they have specific adaptations such as high vascularisation of the head and, in the case of alligators, the ability to hibernate in cold climates. The cardiovascular system of Crocodilia is unique among reptiles, as they have a four-chambered heart, similar to that of mammals and birds. This allows for efficient circulation during immersion. The foramen of Panizza, a hole that connects both aortas, and the anastomosis are crucial for the passage of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, allowing prolonged dives. During diving, the heart rate drops significantly, reducing oxygen consumption. The respiratory system of Crocodilia is also very efficient. They breathe mainly through the nostrils, which close tightly when submerged. The gular valve and glottis allow the mouth to open underwater without the water entering the trachea and lungs. Their multi-chambered lungs and diaphragmaticus muscle facilitate efficient gas exchange and contribute to buoyancy and manoeuvrability during swimming. The Crocodilia respiratory cycle alternates between active ventilatory and non-ventilatory phases during diving, where air is maintained in the lungs with minimal muscular effort. Blood flow to the lungs facilitates efficient gas exchange during the dive, where they can remain for prolonged periods. This study reveals how Crocodilia have evolved unique adaptations to survive in their aquatic and terrestrial habitats. It highlights their evolution and adaptation in the ability to perform prolonged dives and regulate their body temperature.
Direction
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Tutorships)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Gastrointestinal and respiratory parasites of the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) from north-western Spain
Authorship
A.C.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.C.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) stable populations are restricted to communities in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula; nevertheless, a slight expansion was observed in the bordering areas in recent years. Therefore, determining the diversity and prevalence of parasites in the Iberian wolf is needed to establish the possible repercussions on its health and on the evolution of their populations. For this purpose, 113 faecal samples were collected and analysed in the provinces of Ourense (3), Zamora (97), Valladolid (5), Palencia (5) and Salamanca (3) between 2023 and 2024. Parasitic forms were identified by using three coprological techniques: flotation in sucrose solution, sedimentation and Baermann technique. Our results reveal that a high percentage (94.7%) of wolves is parasitized, with protozoa (86.7%) and nematodes (78.8%) being the most frequent parasites, followed by cestoda (6.3%) and trematoda (53%). The protozoa identified were Sarcocystis spp. (85%), Giardia duodenalis (2.7%), Hammondia/Neospora (2.7%) and Cystoisospora spp. (0.9%); the nematodes detected were Eucoleus aerophilus (64.6%), ancylostomids (55%), Toxocara spp. (5.3%), Trichuris spp. (4.4%) and Eucoleus boehmi (0.9%). Trematode eggs of Alaria alata (5.3%) and cestode eggs belonging to the Taeniidae family (6.2%) were also identified. Regarding the associations, up to 6 different parasites were detected in a single sample, with a predominance of triple (34.9%), double (26.3%) and single (20.6%) infections. Significant differences were detected when considering the season of the year, with higher prevalences in summer for ancylostomids and G. duodenalis and in spring for E. aerophilus. The percentage of samples positive for hookworm was significantly higher in 2024. This may be due to more favourable conditions for the survival of free stages of these nematodes. Our results highlight the high prevalence and diversity of digestive and respiratory parasites infecting Iberian wolf packs, which could negatively affect the evolution of their populations.
Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) stable populations are restricted to communities in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula; nevertheless, a slight expansion was observed in the bordering areas in recent years. Therefore, determining the diversity and prevalence of parasites in the Iberian wolf is needed to establish the possible repercussions on its health and on the evolution of their populations. For this purpose, 113 faecal samples were collected and analysed in the provinces of Ourense (3), Zamora (97), Valladolid (5), Palencia (5) and Salamanca (3) between 2023 and 2024. Parasitic forms were identified by using three coprological techniques: flotation in sucrose solution, sedimentation and Baermann technique. Our results reveal that a high percentage (94.7%) of wolves is parasitized, with protozoa (86.7%) and nematodes (78.8%) being the most frequent parasites, followed by cestoda (6.3%) and trematoda (53%). The protozoa identified were Sarcocystis spp. (85%), Giardia duodenalis (2.7%), Hammondia/Neospora (2.7%) and Cystoisospora spp. (0.9%); the nematodes detected were Eucoleus aerophilus (64.6%), ancylostomids (55%), Toxocara spp. (5.3%), Trichuris spp. (4.4%) and Eucoleus boehmi (0.9%). Trematode eggs of Alaria alata (5.3%) and cestode eggs belonging to the Taeniidae family (6.2%) were also identified. Regarding the associations, up to 6 different parasites were detected in a single sample, with a predominance of triple (34.9%), double (26.3%) and single (20.6%) infections. Significant differences were detected when considering the season of the year, with higher prevalences in summer for ancylostomids and G. duodenalis and in spring for E. aerophilus. The percentage of samples positive for hookworm was significantly higher in 2024. This may be due to more favourable conditions for the survival of free stages of these nematodes. Our results highlight the high prevalence and diversity of digestive and respiratory parasites infecting Iberian wolf packs, which could negatively affect the evolution of their populations.
Direction
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
Merino Goyenechea, Luis Javier (Co-tutorships)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
Merino Goyenechea, Luis Javier (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Colibacillosis and monitoring os antimicrobial resistance in rabbit production
Authorship
L.C.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.C.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Digestive pathologies are the main cause of mortality, growth delays, and economic losses in rabbit production. Among all, colibacillosis is the most prevalent, causing enteritis and diarrhoea, as well as high mortality and morbidity rates in the weaning period, with serious economic losses for the sector. The often multi-etiological nature and similarity of the clinical signs within these pathologies, together with the increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR), make their diagnosis and treatment difficult. Antimicrobial resistance is currently a global challenge that requires a One Health approach, starting with animal farms, as a potential reservoir of MDR bacteria for humans and the environment. In the present work, the problem of the diagnosis of colibacillosis, the characterization of the E. coli strains involved, and their antibiotic resistance profiles (AMR) were addressed, in order to know the current situation of this disease. To this end, 60 swabs of intestinal content were analyzed, taken individually from kittens in the fattening period (30-60 days), during the months of August to October 2023, from 10 farms in 4 Spanish provinces with diarrhea problems. The samples were planted in MacConkey Lactose, and 29 (48.3%) positive confluents for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains were detected by PCR. From these confluents, positive eae colonies were recovered from 21 samples. The genotypic study of resistance showed that 38.1% of the 21 EPEC strains were carriers of the plasmid gene mcr-1, which encodes colistin resistance. In addition, in one of the EPEC strains (4.8%) the blaCTX-M-9 gene was identified, encoding an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), capable of hydrolyzing broad-spectrum cephalosporins. The phylogenetic study of the collection showed that all the EPECs in the study belonged to phylogroup B1. Finally, the strain susceptibility assay using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method determined that 19 of the 21 EPECs (90.5%) were MDR, with prevalences greater than 50% against tetracycline, flumequine, enrofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and neomycin. We conclude that i) a specific diagnosis of this pathotype, based on the detection of the intimin-encoding eae gene, and the phyllogroup, are key to the control of colibacillosis in rabbit farming; ii) the levels of MDR found in the EPEC strains in this study are very high, which compromises the therapeutic control of this pathology; iii) Given the high prevalence of the plasmid gene MCR-1, it is essential to monitor it, and to avoid the transmission of these strains throughout the production chain.
Digestive pathologies are the main cause of mortality, growth delays, and economic losses in rabbit production. Among all, colibacillosis is the most prevalent, causing enteritis and diarrhoea, as well as high mortality and morbidity rates in the weaning period, with serious economic losses for the sector. The often multi-etiological nature and similarity of the clinical signs within these pathologies, together with the increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR), make their diagnosis and treatment difficult. Antimicrobial resistance is currently a global challenge that requires a One Health approach, starting with animal farms, as a potential reservoir of MDR bacteria for humans and the environment. In the present work, the problem of the diagnosis of colibacillosis, the characterization of the E. coli strains involved, and their antibiotic resistance profiles (AMR) were addressed, in order to know the current situation of this disease. To this end, 60 swabs of intestinal content were analyzed, taken individually from kittens in the fattening period (30-60 days), during the months of August to October 2023, from 10 farms in 4 Spanish provinces with diarrhea problems. The samples were planted in MacConkey Lactose, and 29 (48.3%) positive confluents for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains were detected by PCR. From these confluents, positive eae colonies were recovered from 21 samples. The genotypic study of resistance showed that 38.1% of the 21 EPEC strains were carriers of the plasmid gene mcr-1, which encodes colistin resistance. In addition, in one of the EPEC strains (4.8%) the blaCTX-M-9 gene was identified, encoding an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), capable of hydrolyzing broad-spectrum cephalosporins. The phylogenetic study of the collection showed that all the EPECs in the study belonged to phylogroup B1. Finally, the strain susceptibility assay using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method determined that 19 of the 21 EPECs (90.5%) were MDR, with prevalences greater than 50% against tetracycline, flumequine, enrofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and neomycin. We conclude that i) a specific diagnosis of this pathotype, based on the detection of the intimin-encoding eae gene, and the phyllogroup, are key to the control of colibacillosis in rabbit farming; ii) the levels of MDR found in the EPEC strains in this study are very high, which compromises the therapeutic control of this pathology; iii) Given the high prevalence of the plasmid gene MCR-1, it is essential to monitor it, and to avoid the transmission of these strains throughout the production chain.
Direction
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
Rickettsia conorii seroprevalence among dogs in Galicia. Preliminary study.
Authorship
C.H.H.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.H.H.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.21.2024 09:00
06.21.2024 09:00
Summary
Mediterranean spotted fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteria Rickettsia conorii (endemic in Spain) and transmitted by ticks of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. complex. The domestic dogs acts as the main host, and humans play an accidental host role. IThe infection develops subclinically in animals, causing difficulties while tracking the bacteria’s circulation. This study was proposed to check whether dogs in the Autonomous Community of Galicia are exposed to this pathogen, and to know the risk of infection for people in this area. Plasma and serum samples of domestic dogs (n=98) were provided by collaborating entities (veterinary clinics and dog shelters) from different places of Galicia. Samples were analyzed by indirect Immunofluorescence (IFA), obtaining a total of 43 positives out of 98 (43.8%). The results were classified according to the Köppen Geiger climatic zone classification of 1936 in which animals lived, and the season of the year in which the sample was collected, in order to correlate it with competent vectors’ activity. Iin terms of geographic distribution, it was shown that the highest seroprevalence matched the areas where the tick’s presence was confirmed (south part of the Autonomous Community). In addition, seroprevalences of samples collected in autumn and winter were higher than expected, indicating that ticks may have been active in Galicia during these periods of the year
Mediterranean spotted fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteria Rickettsia conorii (endemic in Spain) and transmitted by ticks of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. complex. The domestic dogs acts as the main host, and humans play an accidental host role. IThe infection develops subclinically in animals, causing difficulties while tracking the bacteria’s circulation. This study was proposed to check whether dogs in the Autonomous Community of Galicia are exposed to this pathogen, and to know the risk of infection for people in this area. Plasma and serum samples of domestic dogs (n=98) were provided by collaborating entities (veterinary clinics and dog shelters) from different places of Galicia. Samples were analyzed by indirect Immunofluorescence (IFA), obtaining a total of 43 positives out of 98 (43.8%). The results were classified according to the Köppen Geiger climatic zone classification of 1936 in which animals lived, and the season of the year in which the sample was collected, in order to correlate it with competent vectors’ activity. Iin terms of geographic distribution, it was shown that the highest seroprevalence matched the areas where the tick’s presence was confirmed (south part of the Autonomous Community). In addition, seroprevalences of samples collected in autumn and winter were higher than expected, indicating that ticks may have been active in Galicia during these periods of the year
Direction
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Tutorships)
ABREU RAMOS, INES ISABEL (Co-tutorships)
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Tutorships)
ABREU RAMOS, INES ISABEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
Impact of heat stress on the physiology and reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle in Galicia.
Authorship
E.N.M.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
E.N.M.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
Throughout history, global temperatures have been recorded to increase, reaching over 1 degree celsius since the Industrial Revolution. In recent years, including 2023, record temperatures have been documented globally and nationally. In livestock, especially in bovine dairy production, high temperatures cause stress in animals, triggering a series of events that lead to the loss of profits for the farmer and also disrupt the proper functioning of the livestock operation. The following study has been conducted in a dairy cattle farm located in Lugo, in the Castro de Rei municipality. Multiple analyses have been carried out to study the impact of thermal stress caused by high temperatures and humidity on reproductive variables and cattle fertility. Initially, variations in temperature and humidity, expressed as a Temperature-Humidity Index (THI), have been studied over three months in winter (january, february and march) and three months in summer (july, august and september) using a temperature and humidity data logging device located in the lactation area of the farm. This aims to determine if animals are subjected to heat stress during the summer months. Additionally, the impact of this increase in THI on the parameters evaluated in the study has been analyzed, and subsequently, the impact of these altered parameters on animal fertility has been assessed. Both study groups have undergone an ovulation synchronization protocol called double-ovsynch. Variables studied include endometrial thickness, ovarian index (length-to-width ratio of the preovulatory follicle), rectal temperature, serum progesterone concentration at the time of ovulation, and pregnancy rate on the first insemination. Statistical analyses for these variables have been performed using logistic regression and the Wilcoxon test. Based on the results obtained, it has been demonstrated that the use of the double-ovsynch protocol in the summer months, along with proper orientation and location of the farm and good livestock management, allows mitigating the effects of thermal stress on reproductive variables and fertility. This, in turn, reduces the economic losses for the farmer.
Throughout history, global temperatures have been recorded to increase, reaching over 1 degree celsius since the Industrial Revolution. In recent years, including 2023, record temperatures have been documented globally and nationally. In livestock, especially in bovine dairy production, high temperatures cause stress in animals, triggering a series of events that lead to the loss of profits for the farmer and also disrupt the proper functioning of the livestock operation. The following study has been conducted in a dairy cattle farm located in Lugo, in the Castro de Rei municipality. Multiple analyses have been carried out to study the impact of thermal stress caused by high temperatures and humidity on reproductive variables and cattle fertility. Initially, variations in temperature and humidity, expressed as a Temperature-Humidity Index (THI), have been studied over three months in winter (january, february and march) and three months in summer (july, august and september) using a temperature and humidity data logging device located in the lactation area of the farm. This aims to determine if animals are subjected to heat stress during the summer months. Additionally, the impact of this increase in THI on the parameters evaluated in the study has been analyzed, and subsequently, the impact of these altered parameters on animal fertility has been assessed. Both study groups have undergone an ovulation synchronization protocol called double-ovsynch. Variables studied include endometrial thickness, ovarian index (length-to-width ratio of the preovulatory follicle), rectal temperature, serum progesterone concentration at the time of ovulation, and pregnancy rate on the first insemination. Statistical analyses for these variables have been performed using logistic regression and the Wilcoxon test. Based on the results obtained, it has been demonstrated that the use of the double-ovsynch protocol in the summer months, along with proper orientation and location of the farm and good livestock management, allows mitigating the effects of thermal stress on reproductive variables and fertility. This, in turn, reduces the economic losses for the farmer.
Direction
CASTILLO RODRÍGUEZ, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Co-tutorships)
CASTILLO RODRÍGUEZ, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Histological study of the digestive tract of the pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps)
Authorship
E.J.R.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
E.J.R.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Histological descriptions of the pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) are scarce and limited to a few organs. The difficulty of studying this species is due to its oceanic habitat, infrequent strandings and the fact that, when they do strand, the carcasses are usually in an advanced state of putrefaction. This work focuses on the microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract of the pygmy sperm whale since we had the opportunity to have samples from an individual that had to be euthanised after stranding alive on the Galician coast, a female pygmy sperm whale of 229 cm in total length. Samples were taken from the digestive tract from the tongue to the last portion of the intestine, fixed in buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Four staining techniques were performed on the sections obtained: haematoxylin-eosin, PAS-alcian blue, azan and OMSB. The oesophagus of the pygmy sperm whale was short and led to a polycavitary stomach with four compartments: anterior, main, connecting and pyloric chambers. In the intestine, the following sections were differentiated from cranial to caudal: duodenal ampulla, duodenum proper, jejunum, colic coils in the proximal colon, middle colon, colic ampulla and distal colon. The entire lumen of the colon was occupied by blackish-brown viscous faeces, compact in the proximal colon, fluid from the middle colon; more than 2 litres of faeces accumulated in the colic ampulla. The naked eye was struck by the presence of veins with an moniliform appearance on the surface of the organs and in the connecting peritoneum. Histologically, we observed that the digestive tract of the pygmy sperm whale had histological features similar to those of other odontocetes in its cranial and middle portions (tongue, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and first part of the large intestine), but highly modified and unique in its caudal portion (mid-colon, colic ampulla and distal colon). In these intestinal parts, a specialised mucosa lined by a low cylindrical pseudostratified epithelium was observed invaginating into the lamina propria to form short, short, tubular glands without lumina. This specialisation of the final part of the intestine is related to a behaviour unique to the genus Kogia, the storage and abrupt expulsion of faeces as an evasion strategy against predators. Moniliform veins were found to be due to the presence of muscular sphincters in the vein wall; muscular sphincters were found in veins of all calibres and in all layers of the alimentary canal from the oesophagus to the distal colon. This vascular specialisation suggests that the alimentary canal of the pygmy sperm whale acts as a reservoir for blood, most likely during deep and/or prolonged dives.
Histological descriptions of the pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) are scarce and limited to a few organs. The difficulty of studying this species is due to its oceanic habitat, infrequent strandings and the fact that, when they do strand, the carcasses are usually in an advanced state of putrefaction. This work focuses on the microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract of the pygmy sperm whale since we had the opportunity to have samples from an individual that had to be euthanised after stranding alive on the Galician coast, a female pygmy sperm whale of 229 cm in total length. Samples were taken from the digestive tract from the tongue to the last portion of the intestine, fixed in buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Four staining techniques were performed on the sections obtained: haematoxylin-eosin, PAS-alcian blue, azan and OMSB. The oesophagus of the pygmy sperm whale was short and led to a polycavitary stomach with four compartments: anterior, main, connecting and pyloric chambers. In the intestine, the following sections were differentiated from cranial to caudal: duodenal ampulla, duodenum proper, jejunum, colic coils in the proximal colon, middle colon, colic ampulla and distal colon. The entire lumen of the colon was occupied by blackish-brown viscous faeces, compact in the proximal colon, fluid from the middle colon; more than 2 litres of faeces accumulated in the colic ampulla. The naked eye was struck by the presence of veins with an moniliform appearance on the surface of the organs and in the connecting peritoneum. Histologically, we observed that the digestive tract of the pygmy sperm whale had histological features similar to those of other odontocetes in its cranial and middle portions (tongue, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and first part of the large intestine), but highly modified and unique in its caudal portion (mid-colon, colic ampulla and distal colon). In these intestinal parts, a specialised mucosa lined by a low cylindrical pseudostratified epithelium was observed invaginating into the lamina propria to form short, short, tubular glands without lumina. This specialisation of the final part of the intestine is related to a behaviour unique to the genus Kogia, the storage and abrupt expulsion of faeces as an evasion strategy against predators. Moniliform veins were found to be due to the presence of muscular sphincters in the vein wall; muscular sphincters were found in veins of all calibres and in all layers of the alimentary canal from the oesophagus to the distal colon. This vascular specialisation suggests that the alimentary canal of the pygmy sperm whale acts as a reservoir for blood, most likely during deep and/or prolonged dives.
Direction
ALEMAÑ POSADAS, NURIA VICENTA (Tutorships)
Covelo Figueiredo, Pablo (Co-tutorships)
ALEMAÑ POSADAS, NURIA VICENTA (Tutorships)
Covelo Figueiredo, Pablo (Co-tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
Neuroanatomy of the olfactory system of the marabou, Leptoptilos crumeniferus
Authorship
J.R.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
J.R.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
The sensory organs are essential for the survival of animals, with the sense of smell being one of the oldest in the evolutionary history. This sense allows for the detection of odoriferous molecules, vital for behaviors such as identifying prey and predators. Surprisingly, it was believed that birds had a poorly developed sense of smell, but recent studies have revealed its importance in crucial functions such as flight and food search. Generally, it is known that the nasal cavity of birds, protected by the beak, contains the olfactory epithelium in its caudodorsal part. The external nares vary according to the species, influencing their olfactory capacity, while the olfactory bulb, the first integrative center of olfactory information, varies in size among species, influenced by their lifestyle and other senses. In the specific case of the African marabou stork (Leptoptilos crumenifer), a scavenging stork from tropical Africa, its olfactory system, to our knowledge is very little studied. For this reason, we conducted a histological and neurochemical study of its epithelium and olfactory bulb. This allowed us to confirm that the African marabou stork possesses a highly developed olfactory system, characterized by a broad olfactory receptor epithelium in the caudal chamber of the nasal cavity, accompanied by significant glandular epithelium. Regarding the olfactory bulb of the marabou, it shows pronounced lamination in all its layers, comparable to that of mammals, with a particularly well-developed mitral layer. Immunohistochemical and lectin histochemical studies revealed a broad expression of protein and glycoprotein markers typical of the mammalian olfactory system. These findings demonstrate the great relevance of the sense of smell in this species, suggesting a crucial role in its ecology and behavior, comparable to the importance of smell in mammals.
The sensory organs are essential for the survival of animals, with the sense of smell being one of the oldest in the evolutionary history. This sense allows for the detection of odoriferous molecules, vital for behaviors such as identifying prey and predators. Surprisingly, it was believed that birds had a poorly developed sense of smell, but recent studies have revealed its importance in crucial functions such as flight and food search. Generally, it is known that the nasal cavity of birds, protected by the beak, contains the olfactory epithelium in its caudodorsal part. The external nares vary according to the species, influencing their olfactory capacity, while the olfactory bulb, the first integrative center of olfactory information, varies in size among species, influenced by their lifestyle and other senses. In the specific case of the African marabou stork (Leptoptilos crumenifer), a scavenging stork from tropical Africa, its olfactory system, to our knowledge is very little studied. For this reason, we conducted a histological and neurochemical study of its epithelium and olfactory bulb. This allowed us to confirm that the African marabou stork possesses a highly developed olfactory system, characterized by a broad olfactory receptor epithelium in the caudal chamber of the nasal cavity, accompanied by significant glandular epithelium. Regarding the olfactory bulb of the marabou, it shows pronounced lamination in all its layers, comparable to that of mammals, with a particularly well-developed mitral layer. Immunohistochemical and lectin histochemical studies revealed a broad expression of protein and glycoprotein markers typical of the mammalian olfactory system. These findings demonstrate the great relevance of the sense of smell in this species, suggesting a crucial role in its ecology and behavior, comparable to the importance of smell in mammals.
Direction
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
The canine glioma
Authorship
M.A.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.A.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Glioma is one of the most common primary intracranial neoplasms in the dogs, with oligodendroglioma being the most common type, followed by astrocytoma and indefinite glioma. This tumor, located intra-axially, most frequently affects brachycephalic dogs over 8 years of age and, although it is not very clear, there seems to be a higher incidence in males. Clinical signs develop slowly and progressively, the most common being epileptic seizures. The definitive diagnosis is only achieved with a brain biopsy but taking into account the location of these tumors and the associated risks, this is not a common practice. Therefore, advanced imaging tests, specifically magnetic resonance imaging, are used to establish a presumptive diagnosis. Currently, radiotherapy is considered the treatment of choice in veterinary medicine; however, studies on different therapeutic options are limited and inconclusive. Still, regardless of treatment, the prognosis is serious. In human medicine, gliomas also have a very poor prognosis and treatment has limited effectiveness. As both species have anatomical, physiological and genetic similarities, the dog is proposed as an experimental model for the study of glioma and its translation to human glioma. In this work, a general review is carried out on the epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of canine glioma, as well as the importance of the dog as an experimental model of the disease in comparison with other existing models. After this review we can conclude that despite its high prevalence and poor prognosis, more studies are necessary to clarify certain aspects related to prognosis, as well as improvements in diagnosis and treatment, both in canine glioma and in humans.
Glioma is one of the most common primary intracranial neoplasms in the dogs, with oligodendroglioma being the most common type, followed by astrocytoma and indefinite glioma. This tumor, located intra-axially, most frequently affects brachycephalic dogs over 8 years of age and, although it is not very clear, there seems to be a higher incidence in males. Clinical signs develop slowly and progressively, the most common being epileptic seizures. The definitive diagnosis is only achieved with a brain biopsy but taking into account the location of these tumors and the associated risks, this is not a common practice. Therefore, advanced imaging tests, specifically magnetic resonance imaging, are used to establish a presumptive diagnosis. Currently, radiotherapy is considered the treatment of choice in veterinary medicine; however, studies on different therapeutic options are limited and inconclusive. Still, regardless of treatment, the prognosis is serious. In human medicine, gliomas also have a very poor prognosis and treatment has limited effectiveness. As both species have anatomical, physiological and genetic similarities, the dog is proposed as an experimental model for the study of glioma and its translation to human glioma. In this work, a general review is carried out on the epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of canine glioma, as well as the importance of the dog as an experimental model of the disease in comparison with other existing models. After this review we can conclude that despite its high prevalence and poor prognosis, more studies are necessary to clarify certain aspects related to prognosis, as well as improvements in diagnosis and treatment, both in canine glioma and in humans.
Direction
ESPINO LOPEZ, LUCIANO (Tutorships)
ESPINO LOPEZ, LUCIANO (Tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Etiology and treatment of laryngeal paralysis in horses
Authorship
M.G.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.G.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.21.2024 09:00
06.21.2024 09:00
Summary
Laryngeal paralysis is a pathology defined as the failure in the abduction of the arytenoid cartilage due to the decrease or absence of motor activity in the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle. As a result of preventing full opening of the larynx, airflow to the lungs is decreased and exercise intolerance is observed. The most observed sign is a characteristic respiratory noise which is identified as a 'snore'. This is why horses with this pathology are defined as 'snorers', a condition most commonly observed in male thoroughbred racehorses. The origin of this paralysis is defined as unknown but studies have been done that establish that it may be associated to an axonal degeneration of the neurons of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. When diagnosing it, the most commonly used techniques are endoscopy or ultrasound. Nowadays the treatment is purely surgical and there are three techniques described: prosthetic laryngoplasty, ventriculocordectomy and arytenoidectomy. One modality of performing laryngoplasty was developed less than 10 years ago by Fabrice Rossignol and consists of operating with the horse standing. The line of research in this field is directed towards the development of a technique that can be totally effective, since none of the techniques mentioned above can infallibly solve the problem. Some techniques under investigation are neuromuscular pedicle grafting, autologous stem cell injection or electrical stimulation of the larynx, among others
Laryngeal paralysis is a pathology defined as the failure in the abduction of the arytenoid cartilage due to the decrease or absence of motor activity in the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle. As a result of preventing full opening of the larynx, airflow to the lungs is decreased and exercise intolerance is observed. The most observed sign is a characteristic respiratory noise which is identified as a 'snore'. This is why horses with this pathology are defined as 'snorers', a condition most commonly observed in male thoroughbred racehorses. The origin of this paralysis is defined as unknown but studies have been done that establish that it may be associated to an axonal degeneration of the neurons of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. When diagnosing it, the most commonly used techniques are endoscopy or ultrasound. Nowadays the treatment is purely surgical and there are three techniques described: prosthetic laryngoplasty, ventriculocordectomy and arytenoidectomy. One modality of performing laryngoplasty was developed less than 10 years ago by Fabrice Rossignol and consists of operating with the horse standing. The line of research in this field is directed towards the development of a technique that can be totally effective, since none of the techniques mentioned above can infallibly solve the problem. Some techniques under investigation are neuromuscular pedicle grafting, autologous stem cell injection or electrical stimulation of the larynx, among others
Direction
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
Hypercalcemia of malignancy in the dog
Authorship
B.E.M.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
B.E.M.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Hypercalcemia of malignancy is a paraneoplastic syndrome frequently diagnosed in small animals, especially in the dog and rarely in the cat. It is considered a medical emergency and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. Individuals with hypercalcemia present clinical signs affecting several organ systems such as the digestive, nervous, cardiovascular and urinary systems. The aim of this Final Degree Project is to study the main characteristics of this syndrome in the canine species. To do so, firstly, a brief reminder of calcium homeostasis is given, followed by a description of the main mechanisms of neoplasms that induce an increase in serum calcium concentration. Next, the tumours most frequently associated with hypercalcemia in the canine species are described and their clinical presentation is outlined. In terms of diagnosis, the recommended methods and procedures to identify the underlying neoplasm are discussed, excluding other diseases that may manifest similar symptomatology. Finally, the different treatment options available for this pathology in both the short and long term are discussed.
Hypercalcemia of malignancy is a paraneoplastic syndrome frequently diagnosed in small animals, especially in the dog and rarely in the cat. It is considered a medical emergency and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. Individuals with hypercalcemia present clinical signs affecting several organ systems such as the digestive, nervous, cardiovascular and urinary systems. The aim of this Final Degree Project is to study the main characteristics of this syndrome in the canine species. To do so, firstly, a brief reminder of calcium homeostasis is given, followed by a description of the main mechanisms of neoplasms that induce an increase in serum calcium concentration. Next, the tumours most frequently associated with hypercalcemia in the canine species are described and their clinical presentation is outlined. In terms of diagnosis, the recommended methods and procedures to identify the underlying neoplasm are discussed, excluding other diseases that may manifest similar symptomatology. Finally, the different treatment options available for this pathology in both the short and long term are discussed.
Direction
HERNANDEZ BERMUDEZ, JOAQUIN RICARDO (Tutorships)
HERNANDEZ BERMUDEZ, JOAQUIN RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
Cardiovascular physiology in Crocodylia
Authorship
M.D.M.P.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.D.M.P.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
The heart of crocodilians is tetra-chambered, like that of birds and mammals. However, it possesses anatomical features that also morphologically connect it to other reptiles and amphibians. One of these anatomical peculiarities is the presence of two aortas: a right ventricular aorta (originating from the right ventricle) and a left ventricular aorta (originating from the left ventricle). The heart of these animals allows for the existence of two separate circulatory systems, one systemic and one venous. However, this separation is not complete; at two anatomical points in the circulatory system, the foramen of Panizza and the aortic anastomosis, these two systems communicate. In aerobic situations, the crocodilian heart behaves like that of a mammal. However, in anaerobic situations (such as during diving), crocodilians have the ability to generate a systemic pulmonary shunt that redirects blood from the pulmonary circulation to the systemic circulation, channeling it through the right ventricular aorta. The shunt is not only important for aspects such as reducing metabolism or decreasing oxygen uptake by muscles but also has an effect on crucial aspects of the animal's biology, such as its influence on digestion. This literature review will analyze the mechanisms ensuring proper adjustment of cardiovascular hemodynamics in Crocodylia, both in aerobic (terrestrial) and anaerobic (diving) conditions, based on a series of highly specialized anatomical and physiological adaptations. Additionally, we will examine the evolutionary significance of this cardiac characteristic
The heart of crocodilians is tetra-chambered, like that of birds and mammals. However, it possesses anatomical features that also morphologically connect it to other reptiles and amphibians. One of these anatomical peculiarities is the presence of two aortas: a right ventricular aorta (originating from the right ventricle) and a left ventricular aorta (originating from the left ventricle). The heart of these animals allows for the existence of two separate circulatory systems, one systemic and one venous. However, this separation is not complete; at two anatomical points in the circulatory system, the foramen of Panizza and the aortic anastomosis, these two systems communicate. In aerobic situations, the crocodilian heart behaves like that of a mammal. However, in anaerobic situations (such as during diving), crocodilians have the ability to generate a systemic pulmonary shunt that redirects blood from the pulmonary circulation to the systemic circulation, channeling it through the right ventricular aorta. The shunt is not only important for aspects such as reducing metabolism or decreasing oxygen uptake by muscles but also has an effect on crucial aspects of the animal's biology, such as its influence on digestion. This literature review will analyze the mechanisms ensuring proper adjustment of cardiovascular hemodynamics in Crocodylia, both in aerobic (terrestrial) and anaerobic (diving) conditions, based on a series of highly specialized anatomical and physiological adaptations. Additionally, we will examine the evolutionary significance of this cardiac characteristic
Direction
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Retrospective serological study of viral diseases in sympatric birds in houbara breeding centers in Morocco.
Authorship
D.B.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
D.B.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:30
09.13.2024 10:30
Summary
Wild birds have been reported to act as reservoirs for certain viral diseases, playing a significant role in their transmission and maintenance. The circulation of these diseases in the breeding centers of the African houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata) in Morocco could pose a threat to their conservation. These centers, located in remote and arid areas with resources that can be utilized by wild birds, may serve as concentration and/or stopover points during migrations. This situation could promote interaction among resident, migratory populations, and the houbara themselves, making the presence of wild birds near the facilities a risk factor for viral disease transmission to the houbara. Considering this, it was decided to investigate the circulation of the main viral diseases present in the area, selecting avian influenza virus A (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and West Nile virus (WNV). To this end, 1,362 samples from 26 different species of wild birds, 76 from domestic birds, and 15,573 sentinel houbaras were analyzed at three locations in the Boulemane province, Fès-Meknès region, in Morocco, over 11 years, including both wild and domestic species. To assess the circulation of diseases and the presence of neutralizing antibodies, serum was obtained from the sampled individuals and analyzed using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests for AIV and NDV, and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) for WNV. The circulation of the three viral diseases studied (AIV, NDV and WNV) in wild birds in houbara breeding and conservation centers in Morocco was confirmed. Antibodies against AIV and NDV were also detected in poultry in a village near one of the centers. The high seroprevalence of AIV and NDV detected in domestic birds could facilitate the infection of wild birds, which could act as bridge hosts between rural areas and the houbara centers. Since these diseases can affect the species and negatively impact their conservation, it is of great importance to continue monitoring and tracking diseases in wild and domestic birds to detect any risk that may threaten the conservation of the species as early as possible.
Wild birds have been reported to act as reservoirs for certain viral diseases, playing a significant role in their transmission and maintenance. The circulation of these diseases in the breeding centers of the African houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata) in Morocco could pose a threat to their conservation. These centers, located in remote and arid areas with resources that can be utilized by wild birds, may serve as concentration and/or stopover points during migrations. This situation could promote interaction among resident, migratory populations, and the houbara themselves, making the presence of wild birds near the facilities a risk factor for viral disease transmission to the houbara. Considering this, it was decided to investigate the circulation of the main viral diseases present in the area, selecting avian influenza virus A (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and West Nile virus (WNV). To this end, 1,362 samples from 26 different species of wild birds, 76 from domestic birds, and 15,573 sentinel houbaras were analyzed at three locations in the Boulemane province, Fès-Meknès region, in Morocco, over 11 years, including both wild and domestic species. To assess the circulation of diseases and the presence of neutralizing antibodies, serum was obtained from the sampled individuals and analyzed using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests for AIV and NDV, and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) for WNV. The circulation of the three viral diseases studied (AIV, NDV and WNV) in wild birds in houbara breeding and conservation centers in Morocco was confirmed. Antibodies against AIV and NDV were also detected in poultry in a village near one of the centers. The high seroprevalence of AIV and NDV detected in domestic birds could facilitate the infection of wild birds, which could act as bridge hosts between rural areas and the houbara centers. Since these diseases can affect the species and negatively impact their conservation, it is of great importance to continue monitoring and tracking diseases in wild and domestic birds to detect any risk that may threaten the conservation of the species as early as possible.
Direction
BERMUDEZ POSE, ROBERTO (Tutorships)
Carrasco Muñoz, Mar (Co-tutorships)
BERMUDEZ POSE, ROBERTO (Tutorships)
Carrasco Muñoz, Mar (Co-tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Study of the milk goat canarian breed agrupation
Authorship
M.J.R.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.J.R.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
The Canary Archipelago has a subtropical climate influenced by the trade winds and the proximity to the African continent. There is a humid climate in the western region of the archipelago and a dry climate in the east, with significant differences in rainfall. Canary Island goats, introduced by Berber settlers, played an important role in the aboriginal diet, and today three breeds are recognized: Palmera, Majorera and Tinerfeña, each one morphologically and phenotypically adapted to the different climates of the islands. The Canary Island breeds stand out in milk production, with the Majorera leading in yield. Although Canary Island goats have the benefit of adapting to adverse climates, their milk yields are lower compared to other Spanish breeds selected for intensive production. The Majorera breed shows better adaptation to feed restriction and seasonal weight loss than the Palmera and Tinerfeña breeds. Goats are seasonal polyestrian, but the Canary Island breeds, being in a subtropical climate, can reproduce all year round and are bred by natural mating. Grazing is valuable for its cultural and socioeconomic impact, and there are two cheeses with Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). The Breeding Programs for Canary Island goats, managed by specific associations (Asociación de Criadores de Cabras de Raza Palmera (ACCRP), Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Cabra Tinerfeña (ACRICATI) and Federación Nacional de Criadores de la Raza Caprina Majorera (FECAMA), seek to conserve and genetically improve the Palmera, Tinerfeña and Majorera breeds. They use Stud Books to avoid crossbreeding and record morphological defects. The Conservation Program focuses on preserving the breeds in their natural habitats and maintaining genetic diversity. The Breeding Program focuses on increasing milk production and improving morphological conformation to maximize herd profitability and adaptability.
The Canary Archipelago has a subtropical climate influenced by the trade winds and the proximity to the African continent. There is a humid climate in the western region of the archipelago and a dry climate in the east, with significant differences in rainfall. Canary Island goats, introduced by Berber settlers, played an important role in the aboriginal diet, and today three breeds are recognized: Palmera, Majorera and Tinerfeña, each one morphologically and phenotypically adapted to the different climates of the islands. The Canary Island breeds stand out in milk production, with the Majorera leading in yield. Although Canary Island goats have the benefit of adapting to adverse climates, their milk yields are lower compared to other Spanish breeds selected for intensive production. The Majorera breed shows better adaptation to feed restriction and seasonal weight loss than the Palmera and Tinerfeña breeds. Goats are seasonal polyestrian, but the Canary Island breeds, being in a subtropical climate, can reproduce all year round and are bred by natural mating. Grazing is valuable for its cultural and socioeconomic impact, and there are two cheeses with Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). The Breeding Programs for Canary Island goats, managed by specific associations (Asociación de Criadores de Cabras de Raza Palmera (ACCRP), Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Cabra Tinerfeña (ACRICATI) and Federación Nacional de Criadores de la Raza Caprina Majorera (FECAMA), seek to conserve and genetically improve the Palmera, Tinerfeña and Majorera breeds. They use Stud Books to avoid crossbreeding and record morphological defects. The Conservation Program focuses on preserving the breeds in their natural habitats and maintaining genetic diversity. The Breeding Program focuses on increasing milk production and improving morphological conformation to maximize herd profitability and adaptability.
Direction
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
MEJUTO VAZQUEZ, NICOLAS (Co-tutorships)
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
MEJUTO VAZQUEZ, NICOLAS (Co-tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
Comparison of the different radiographic techniques used in the assessment of cardiac size in dogs and cats.
Authorship
S.A.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.A.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Radiology plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of heart pathologies in companion animals, especially in cases involving the left side of the heart. Evaluation of the cardiac silhouette is essential to identify changes in organ size, being essential for the diagnosis and treatment of common heart diseases in dogs and cats, which usually affect the left atrium. The purpose of this work is to carry out an exhaustive bibliographic review on the essential radiographic techniques used to evaluate heart size in dogs and cats. The aim is to explore both its clinical and diagnostic applications, investigate and analyse variables that could influence the assessment of these techniques and, finally, make a detailed comparison between the main methodologies used in this context. The Vertebral Heart Scale (HSV) has been extensively studied, but its limitation to identify only the presence of cardiomegaly without specifying the affected chamber relegates it in certain cases. To evaluate the overall cardiac silhouette, the Manubrium Heart Score (MHS), Heart to Single Vertebra Ratio (HSVR), cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), Thoracic Inlet Heart Score (TIHS) y Bronchus-Spine (Br-Spine) are proposed. In addition, specific techniques have been investigated to analyse the left atrium, such as Radiographic Left Atrial Dimension (RLAD), Vertebral Left Atrial Size (VLAS), Vertebral Left Atrial Size modified (M-VLAS), tracheal bifurcation angle, Left Atrial Width (LA Width), Thoracic Inlet Left Atrial Score (TILAS) y Radiographic Left Atrial Dimension-Spine (RLAD-Spine). This literature review highlights the significance of cardiac silhouette evaluation as a key indicator for detecting a broad spectrum of heart disease in animals. In most of the techniques examined, there are notable disparities between races, significant variations depending on the various conformations and a limited correlation with the age of the individuals. The outstanding efficacy of the Radiographic Left Atrial Dimension in the diagnosis of left atrial enlargement is highlighted, while the Vertebral Heart Score proves to be more effective in the detection of generalized cardiomegaly.
Radiology plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of heart pathologies in companion animals, especially in cases involving the left side of the heart. Evaluation of the cardiac silhouette is essential to identify changes in organ size, being essential for the diagnosis and treatment of common heart diseases in dogs and cats, which usually affect the left atrium. The purpose of this work is to carry out an exhaustive bibliographic review on the essential radiographic techniques used to evaluate heart size in dogs and cats. The aim is to explore both its clinical and diagnostic applications, investigate and analyse variables that could influence the assessment of these techniques and, finally, make a detailed comparison between the main methodologies used in this context. The Vertebral Heart Scale (HSV) has been extensively studied, but its limitation to identify only the presence of cardiomegaly without specifying the affected chamber relegates it in certain cases. To evaluate the overall cardiac silhouette, the Manubrium Heart Score (MHS), Heart to Single Vertebra Ratio (HSVR), cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), Thoracic Inlet Heart Score (TIHS) y Bronchus-Spine (Br-Spine) are proposed. In addition, specific techniques have been investigated to analyse the left atrium, such as Radiographic Left Atrial Dimension (RLAD), Vertebral Left Atrial Size (VLAS), Vertebral Left Atrial Size modified (M-VLAS), tracheal bifurcation angle, Left Atrial Width (LA Width), Thoracic Inlet Left Atrial Score (TILAS) y Radiographic Left Atrial Dimension-Spine (RLAD-Spine). This literature review highlights the significance of cardiac silhouette evaluation as a key indicator for detecting a broad spectrum of heart disease in animals. In most of the techniques examined, there are notable disparities between races, significant variations depending on the various conformations and a limited correlation with the age of the individuals. The outstanding efficacy of the Radiographic Left Atrial Dimension in the diagnosis of left atrial enlargement is highlighted, while the Vertebral Heart Score proves to be more effective in the detection of generalized cardiomegaly.
Direction
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Tutorships)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Co-tutorships)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Tutorships)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Pain assessment in horses
Authorship
P.M.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
P.M.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.13.2024 09:00
09.13.2024 09:00
Summary
Pain is a complex sensory and emotional experience that can significantly affect the well-being of horses. The assessment and management of pain in these animals is crucial, not only for ethical reasons, but also to ensure the recovery and quality of life of patients. In this paper, a brief review of the physiology and classification of pain has been undertaken with the aim of increasing knowledge of the tools currently available for its assessment. Behavioural changes and facial expressions were found to be more useful than physiological parameters in assessing pain. Several scales have been developed to assess them in a systematic way, with composite scales integrating behavioural changes and physiological parameters and facial expression scales being the most useful. These tools helped to interpret pain in a more structured way, although none were infallible due to the subjective nature of pain. Artificial intelligence is currently being developed to automatically recognise facial expressions associated with pain, which promises to provide accurate and objective assessments that could revolutionise veterinary practice. In conclusion, although much progress has been made in the assessment of pain in horses, further research and development of more accurate and objective tools for pain assessment is needed.
Pain is a complex sensory and emotional experience that can significantly affect the well-being of horses. The assessment and management of pain in these animals is crucial, not only for ethical reasons, but also to ensure the recovery and quality of life of patients. In this paper, a brief review of the physiology and classification of pain has been undertaken with the aim of increasing knowledge of the tools currently available for its assessment. Behavioural changes and facial expressions were found to be more useful than physiological parameters in assessing pain. Several scales have been developed to assess them in a systematic way, with composite scales integrating behavioural changes and physiological parameters and facial expression scales being the most useful. These tools helped to interpret pain in a more structured way, although none were infallible due to the subjective nature of pain. Artificial intelligence is currently being developed to automatically recognise facial expressions associated with pain, which promises to provide accurate and objective assessments that could revolutionise veterinary practice. In conclusion, although much progress has been made in the assessment of pain in horses, further research and development of more accurate and objective tools for pain assessment is needed.
Direction
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Tutorships)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Co-tutorships)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Tutorships)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
Application of New Technologies to the Study of Veterinary Anatom
Authorship
E.D.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
E.D.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
3D printing technology is beginning to bring new opportunities for teaching practices in a variety of scientific and educational settings and, in this line, it also holds great promise for veterinary education. In the context of veterinary anatomy teaching, this study explores the construction and application of 3D anatomical models (virtual and physical) using the photogrammetry scanning technique. 3D models were constructed by means of FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) printing, sanding and paint finishing. A questionnaire was distributed to evaluate the students' perspective by assessing their opinion on the use of this new resource as a support for learning the subject.
3D printing technology is beginning to bring new opportunities for teaching practices in a variety of scientific and educational settings and, in this line, it also holds great promise for veterinary education. In the context of veterinary anatomy teaching, this study explores the construction and application of 3D anatomical models (virtual and physical) using the photogrammetry scanning technique. 3D models were constructed by means of FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) printing, sanding and paint finishing. A questionnaire was distributed to evaluate the students' perspective by assessing their opinion on the use of this new resource as a support for learning the subject.
Direction
BERMUDEZ POSE, ROBERTO (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
BERMUDEZ POSE, ROBERTO (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
Update on Flea Bite Allergic Dermatites in Dog
Authorship
A.R.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.R.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Flea allergic dermatitis (FAD) is a hypersensitivity reaction developed against antigens present in flea saliva, and which, therefore, is dependent on its presence. In the animal, the most affected areas are the parts of the body where these parasites settle, which are mostly the lumbosacral area and the base of the tail, and can extend to other body regions such as the abdomen, flanks, and the interdigital space. It causes severe itching, papules, and even hives, which if they persist can turn into hyperkeratosis, lichenification, erosions and ulcers due to licking, scratching and chewing. Its diagnosis is based on confirming contact with fleas and identifying the clinical signs that characterize it, although there are serological tests that can help detect it. For good control and treatment of the disease, a strict flea control and prevention program is essential, which can be accompanied by symptomatic treatment, in cases where the animal requires it.
Flea allergic dermatitis (FAD) is a hypersensitivity reaction developed against antigens present in flea saliva, and which, therefore, is dependent on its presence. In the animal, the most affected areas are the parts of the body where these parasites settle, which are mostly the lumbosacral area and the base of the tail, and can extend to other body regions such as the abdomen, flanks, and the interdigital space. It causes severe itching, papules, and even hives, which if they persist can turn into hyperkeratosis, lichenification, erosions and ulcers due to licking, scratching and chewing. Its diagnosis is based on confirming contact with fleas and identifying the clinical signs that characterize it, although there are serological tests that can help detect it. For good control and treatment of the disease, a strict flea control and prevention program is essential, which can be accompanied by symptomatic treatment, in cases where the animal requires it.
Direction
BRAVO MORAL, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
BRAVO MORAL, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
Descriptive analysis of reproductive strategies, selection methods, and genetic progress in dairy farms in Galicia
Authorship
I.B.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
I.B.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
Genetic improvement is one of the engines of the evolution of the livestock industry, together with reproduction, it can cause significant changes in both production and profitability as well as in the sustainability of a livestock farm. This study is motivated by the need to make Galician farmers aware of the utility and effectiveness of different tools (sexed semen, meat semen, genomic tests) when used correctly in a breeding program suitable for the needs of each farm, in search of contributing to a future decrease in the gap that exists between the development of these tools and their real implementation in practice. Through descriptive analyses of 1) reproductive strategies and selection methods in dairy farms, and 2) the current average genetic value, expressed in Net Merit (NM$) values estimated from a pedigree database, of a set of 39 farms in the Autonomous Community of Galicia. The analyses showed 1) a certain absence of well-defined breeding programs, hence the need for greater adoption of genetic advisory services by farmers, and also 2) the existence of a high proportion of individuals with negative NM$ scores (possibly contributing negatively to the profitability of the operation), highlighting the need to use more precise tools (genomic evaluation) to be able to identify these animals and make more efficient breeding decisions. Finally, a possible change in reproductive and selection strategy (through the implementation of advanced reproductive strategies and the use of genomic evaluation) can have a significant impact on genetic progress and farm profitability, but its success largely depends on the level of livestock management.
Genetic improvement is one of the engines of the evolution of the livestock industry, together with reproduction, it can cause significant changes in both production and profitability as well as in the sustainability of a livestock farm. This study is motivated by the need to make Galician farmers aware of the utility and effectiveness of different tools (sexed semen, meat semen, genomic tests) when used correctly in a breeding program suitable for the needs of each farm, in search of contributing to a future decrease in the gap that exists between the development of these tools and their real implementation in practice. Through descriptive analyses of 1) reproductive strategies and selection methods in dairy farms, and 2) the current average genetic value, expressed in Net Merit (NM$) values estimated from a pedigree database, of a set of 39 farms in the Autonomous Community of Galicia. The analyses showed 1) a certain absence of well-defined breeding programs, hence the need for greater adoption of genetic advisory services by farmers, and also 2) the existence of a high proportion of individuals with negative NM$ scores (possibly contributing negatively to the profitability of the operation), highlighting the need to use more precise tools (genomic evaluation) to be able to identify these animals and make more efficient breeding decisions. Finally, a possible change in reproductive and selection strategy (through the implementation of advanced reproductive strategies and the use of genomic evaluation) can have a significant impact on genetic progress and farm profitability, but its success largely depends on the level of livestock management.
Direction
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Tutorships)
CAINZOS CAGIAO, JUAN MANUEL (Co-tutorships)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Tutorships)
CAINZOS CAGIAO, JUAN MANUEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
DIAZ VIZCAINO, ELVIRA ANTONIA (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
DIAZ VIZCAINO, ELVIRA ANTONIA (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
Trace minerals in dairy cattle: cow-calf transfer
Authorship
L.F.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.F.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
During gestation, the cow supplies essential nutrients, including trace minerals, to the foetus through blood and placental transfer to ensure its development. Upon birth, this provision continues through colostrum ingestion. Therefore, calf trace mineral levels depend on maternal supply, creating a reserve that the offspring will utilize during its postnatal life. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess trace mineral levels (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn) in paired blood samples (serum) from multiparous dairy cows and their calves following colostrum ingestion. Samples underwent a simple acid digestion procedure, and trace mineral levels were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP MS). Levels of Co, Cu, Fe, and Se in serum were significantly higher in cows than in calves, while Zn was significantly higher in calves; with Cr, Mn, and Mo levels being very similar in both groups. The percentage of deficiency was higher in cows than in calves, with Se being the most deficient element, followed by Zn, Cu, and Co. In calves, Co and Mn were more deficient than in their mothers. Conversely, Se was the most deficient element in mothers and showed the least deficiency in calves. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Se in maternal serum positively correlated with levels in calf serum. These results confirm maternal-foetal trace mineral transfer, either via transplacental route or through colostrum, prioritizing foetal mineral reserves and ensuring correct trace mineral status in newborns.
During gestation, the cow supplies essential nutrients, including trace minerals, to the foetus through blood and placental transfer to ensure its development. Upon birth, this provision continues through colostrum ingestion. Therefore, calf trace mineral levels depend on maternal supply, creating a reserve that the offspring will utilize during its postnatal life. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess trace mineral levels (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn) in paired blood samples (serum) from multiparous dairy cows and their calves following colostrum ingestion. Samples underwent a simple acid digestion procedure, and trace mineral levels were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP MS). Levels of Co, Cu, Fe, and Se in serum were significantly higher in cows than in calves, while Zn was significantly higher in calves; with Cr, Mn, and Mo levels being very similar in both groups. The percentage of deficiency was higher in cows than in calves, with Se being the most deficient element, followed by Zn, Cu, and Co. In calves, Co and Mn were more deficient than in their mothers. Conversely, Se was the most deficient element in mothers and showed the least deficiency in calves. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Se in maternal serum positively correlated with levels in calf serum. These results confirm maternal-foetal trace mineral transfer, either via transplacental route or through colostrum, prioritizing foetal mineral reserves and ensuring correct trace mineral status in newborns.
Direction
MIRANDA CASTAÑON, MARTA INES (Tutorships)
MIRANDA CASTAÑON, MARTA INES (Tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Patellar desmopathy after the surgical resolution of the cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs.
Authorship
F.V.N.
Bachelor in Veterinary
F.V.N.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.20.2024 09:00
06.20.2024 09:00
Summary
Cranial cruciate ligament rupture is the most frequent orthopedic pathology in dogs in veterinary medicine. Its rupture is associated with lameness, joint instability, and dis-comfort in the animal, as this ligament is responsible for the cranial-caudal stability of the knee joint. The resolution of this pathology is surgical, and the techniques that have shown the best results are osteotomies of the proximal region of the tibia. Among the most stud-ied are tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO), and the modified Maquet technique (MMT). A frequently observed complication in the post-operative period of these techniques is desmopathy of the patellar ligament, which can cause discomfort in the animal and is diagnosable radiographically. There is little information about this complication in TPLO. There are also no stud-ies comparing the thickening that different surgical techniques would produce. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the incidence of ligament desmopathy in TPLO; to determine if age, sex, or weight are related to this complication, and to compare if there are differences in the measurements obtained with other studies on ligament desmopathy in other surgical techniques. To do this, a retrospective study was carried out where a total of 89 clinical histo-ries of dogs diagnosed with cranial cruciate ligament rupture that underwent TPLO from the database of the Rof Codina University Veterinary Hospital were analyzed. Radiographic measurements of the ligament thickness were obtained at three measurement points at two months post-surgery. An incidence of 86.7% of patellar ligament desmopathy was determined at eight weeks post-surgery. Additionally, three average measurements were obtained at this same time: 3.90 +- 1.12 mm at the proximal measurement, 4.69 +- 2.16 mm in the middle of the ligament, and 5.98 +- 3.78 mm at the distal measurement. Weight, sex, and age were not considered variables due to the absence of significant differences between groups. The results obtained in this study are consistent with other studies on this compli-cation in TPLO and are slightly lower than those obtained in other studies on TTA and MMT. This suggests that TPLO may cause greater thickening of the patellar ligament than the others. Additionally, a more notable thickening was established in the distal portion, which may be related to the surgical protocol or the postoperative activity of the patient during the postoperative period.
Cranial cruciate ligament rupture is the most frequent orthopedic pathology in dogs in veterinary medicine. Its rupture is associated with lameness, joint instability, and dis-comfort in the animal, as this ligament is responsible for the cranial-caudal stability of the knee joint. The resolution of this pathology is surgical, and the techniques that have shown the best results are osteotomies of the proximal region of the tibia. Among the most stud-ied are tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO), and the modified Maquet technique (MMT). A frequently observed complication in the post-operative period of these techniques is desmopathy of the patellar ligament, which can cause discomfort in the animal and is diagnosable radiographically. There is little information about this complication in TPLO. There are also no stud-ies comparing the thickening that different surgical techniques would produce. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the incidence of ligament desmopathy in TPLO; to determine if age, sex, or weight are related to this complication, and to compare if there are differences in the measurements obtained with other studies on ligament desmopathy in other surgical techniques. To do this, a retrospective study was carried out where a total of 89 clinical histo-ries of dogs diagnosed with cranial cruciate ligament rupture that underwent TPLO from the database of the Rof Codina University Veterinary Hospital were analyzed. Radiographic measurements of the ligament thickness were obtained at three measurement points at two months post-surgery. An incidence of 86.7% of patellar ligament desmopathy was determined at eight weeks post-surgery. Additionally, three average measurements were obtained at this same time: 3.90 +- 1.12 mm at the proximal measurement, 4.69 +- 2.16 mm in the middle of the ligament, and 5.98 +- 3.78 mm at the distal measurement. Weight, sex, and age were not considered variables due to the absence of significant differences between groups. The results obtained in this study are consistent with other studies on this compli-cation in TPLO and are slightly lower than those obtained in other studies on TTA and MMT. This suggests that TPLO may cause greater thickening of the patellar ligament than the others. Additionally, a more notable thickening was established in the distal portion, which may be related to the surgical protocol or the postoperative activity of the patient during the postoperative period.
Direction
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Valiño Cultelli, María Victoria (Co-tutorships)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Valiño Cultelli, María Victoria (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Importance of aspects bioclimatics in design and implementation of srtategies for the prevention and control of West Nile fever
Authorship
C.P.H.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.P.H.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
This study has extensively addresed the bioclimatic factors that influenc the presence and distribution of the West Nile virus fever. The aim is to gather information for developing more effective strategies to help reduce the impact of this disease on human and animal health. Through a detailed analysis, mosquitoes of the Culex genus have been identified as the main vectors of the vectors are favoured by temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees and relative humidity greater than 50 percent. A high level of urbanization, as well as a high Normalized Vegetation Index, NDVI, also favour their proliferation. Bioclimatic factor are determinating factors for the vector population and, consequently, gor the transmission of the virus. This knowledge is crucial for the development of prevention and control strategies. This analysus provides a solid basis for planning public healt interventions, offerinf a solid foundation for improving disease management. These findings hace also allowed the development of recommendations for prevention and control strategies, including monitoirng of climatic conditions and the implementation of preventive measures in high-risk areas
This study has extensively addresed the bioclimatic factors that influenc the presence and distribution of the West Nile virus fever. The aim is to gather information for developing more effective strategies to help reduce the impact of this disease on human and animal health. Through a detailed analysis, mosquitoes of the Culex genus have been identified as the main vectors of the vectors are favoured by temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees and relative humidity greater than 50 percent. A high level of urbanization, as well as a high Normalized Vegetation Index, NDVI, also favour their proliferation. Bioclimatic factor are determinating factors for the vector population and, consequently, gor the transmission of the virus. This knowledge is crucial for the development of prevention and control strategies. This analysus provides a solid basis for planning public healt interventions, offerinf a solid foundation for improving disease management. These findings hace also allowed the development of recommendations for prevention and control strategies, including monitoirng of climatic conditions and the implementation of preventive measures in high-risk areas
Direction
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Tutorships)
HERNANDEZ MALAGON, JOSE ANGEL (Co-tutorships)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Tutorships)
HERNANDEZ MALAGON, JOSE ANGEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
Virulence factors and pathologies caused by Leptospira interrogans in dogs.
Authorship
M.B.T.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.B.T.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Diseases caused by bacteria of the Leptospira genus are zoonoses with worldwide distribution. These spirochetes, belonging to group G-, are divided into pathogenic species (Leptospira interrogans), intermediate and saprophytic, and in turn into serovars. Different virulence factors are included in the pathogenesis of canine leptospirosis caused by L. interrogans, which are bacterial components whose purpose is to promote infection. In this case, among the most studied/researched are endoflagellum, lipopolysaccharides, and various lipoproteins, whose activity may or may not be related to the pathogenesis of the bacteria. The Leptospira interrogans serovars more frecuently implicated as a cause of disease in dogs are Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae. Both are related to the most characteristic signs of the disease, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and liver dysfunctions, respectively
Diseases caused by bacteria of the Leptospira genus are zoonoses with worldwide distribution. These spirochetes, belonging to group G-, are divided into pathogenic species (Leptospira interrogans), intermediate and saprophytic, and in turn into serovars. Different virulence factors are included in the pathogenesis of canine leptospirosis caused by L. interrogans, which are bacterial components whose purpose is to promote infection. In this case, among the most studied/researched are endoflagellum, lipopolysaccharides, and various lipoproteins, whose activity may or may not be related to the pathogenesis of the bacteria. The Leptospira interrogans serovars more frecuently implicated as a cause of disease in dogs are Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae. Both are related to the most characteristic signs of the disease, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and liver dysfunctions, respectively
Direction
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
Atlantic Salmon vs. brown trout: host suitability in ex situ conservation of M. margaritifera (L.).
Authorship
A.E.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.E.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
The naiad or river mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the world's most endangered species worldwide. Its life cycle is complex, with an obligatory parasitic phase in which its larvae, called glochidia, remain in the gills of salmonids: Salmo salar (Linnaeus, 1758) and Salmo trutta (Linnaeus, 1758), both its resident variant, the brown trout, and its migratory variant, the sea trout. However, the most appropriate host species for M. margaritifera to complete its cycle seems to vary according to geographical location and population. The north-west of the Iberian Peninsula constitutes the southern limit of this naiad's distribution, with the largest populations in Galicia and northern Portugal, making this territory is of crucial importance for the species' conservation. In this sense, habitat improvement and ex situ culture plans are currently being developed in this area, although there is a notable lack of knowledge about the parasite-host relationship these populations have with Salmo salar and Salmo trutta species. In an attempt to provide further information on this point, 250 salmon and 250 0+ trout from the Ulla River (Galicia) were infested with M. margaritifera glochidia from the same basin, and the characteristics of the parasitic and post-parasitic period were studied, analyzing data on prevalence, infestation rate, size and survival of parasitic cysts and juvenile mussels. In view of the variables studied, S. salar proved to be the most suitable host for culturing the M. margaritifera population under consideration, although infestation with S. trutta also enabled the cycle to be completed and viable juveniles to be produced. The results and information obtained may be useful for optimizing the design of ex situ conservation plans and for releasing infested fish into rivers in this area as a method of population enhancement and illustrate the need to identify the main host according to the area and population considered if optimal conservation strategies are to be developed.
The naiad or river mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the world's most endangered species worldwide. Its life cycle is complex, with an obligatory parasitic phase in which its larvae, called glochidia, remain in the gills of salmonids: Salmo salar (Linnaeus, 1758) and Salmo trutta (Linnaeus, 1758), both its resident variant, the brown trout, and its migratory variant, the sea trout. However, the most appropriate host species for M. margaritifera to complete its cycle seems to vary according to geographical location and population. The north-west of the Iberian Peninsula constitutes the southern limit of this naiad's distribution, with the largest populations in Galicia and northern Portugal, making this territory is of crucial importance for the species' conservation. In this sense, habitat improvement and ex situ culture plans are currently being developed in this area, although there is a notable lack of knowledge about the parasite-host relationship these populations have with Salmo salar and Salmo trutta species. In an attempt to provide further information on this point, 250 salmon and 250 0+ trout from the Ulla River (Galicia) were infested with M. margaritifera glochidia from the same basin, and the characteristics of the parasitic and post-parasitic period were studied, analyzing data on prevalence, infestation rate, size and survival of parasitic cysts and juvenile mussels. In view of the variables studied, S. salar proved to be the most suitable host for culturing the M. margaritifera population under consideration, although infestation with S. trutta also enabled the cycle to be completed and viable juveniles to be produced. The results and information obtained may be useful for optimizing the design of ex situ conservation plans and for releasing infested fish into rivers in this area as a method of population enhancement and illustrate the need to identify the main host according to the area and population considered if optimal conservation strategies are to be developed.
Direction
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Tutorships)
OUTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, ADOLFO MANUEL (Co-tutorships)
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Tutorships)
OUTEIRO RODRIGUEZ, ADOLFO MANUEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
Exposure analysis of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus in Galicia (No Spain)
Authorship
H.G.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
H.G.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever is a zoonosis caused by the virus Orthonairovirus haemorrhagiae (more commonly known as Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus) and transmitted by ticks mainly of the genus Hyalomma. The preferred hosts of the vector are ungulates, with humans being an accidental host. In animals, infection occurs subclinically, making it difficult to monitor virus circulation. This study was proposed as a way of checking exposure to this pathogen in Galicia, and to analyse the possible influence of climatic conditions on its circulation. For this purpose, plasma and serum samples from ungulates (n=724) provided by collaborating entities (veterinarians and livestock farmers) and own contribution from all the Autonomous Community were analysed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), obtaining a total seroprevalence of 2.9%. The results were classified according to the climatic zone in which the animals lived in order to relate them to the presence of the vector. It was shown that, in terms of geographical distribution, the highest seroprevalence was detected in the areas where the highest abundance of Hyalomma marginatum is described (southern Galicia Csa climate), although it’s true that there is some discordance between municipalities with the presence of the vector and those with individuals seropositive to CCHFV, indicating that the habits of the ectoparasite and the basis of the technique used may hinder the interpretation of the results.
Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever is a zoonosis caused by the virus Orthonairovirus haemorrhagiae (more commonly known as Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus) and transmitted by ticks mainly of the genus Hyalomma. The preferred hosts of the vector are ungulates, with humans being an accidental host. In animals, infection occurs subclinically, making it difficult to monitor virus circulation. This study was proposed as a way of checking exposure to this pathogen in Galicia, and to analyse the possible influence of climatic conditions on its circulation. For this purpose, plasma and serum samples from ungulates (n=724) provided by collaborating entities (veterinarians and livestock farmers) and own contribution from all the Autonomous Community were analysed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), obtaining a total seroprevalence of 2.9%. The results were classified according to the climatic zone in which the animals lived in order to relate them to the presence of the vector. It was shown that, in terms of geographical distribution, the highest seroprevalence was detected in the areas where the highest abundance of Hyalomma marginatum is described (southern Galicia Csa climate), although it’s true that there is some discordance between municipalities with the presence of the vector and those with individuals seropositive to CCHFV, indicating that the habits of the ectoparasite and the basis of the technique used may hinder the interpretation of the results.
Direction
SÁNCHEZ-ANDRADE FERNÁNDEZ, RITA (Tutorships)
Vilá Pena, María (Co-tutorships)
SÁNCHEZ-ANDRADE FERNÁNDEZ, RITA (Tutorships)
Vilá Pena, María (Co-tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Suclinical ketosis in high production dairy cow.
Authorship
A.A.O.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.A.O.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
The transition period, which covers the three weeks before and after calving, is considered a critical stage in the life of high-producing dairy cows (HPDC). During this stage, cows go through significant physiological and metabolic changes that make them more predisposed to metabolic pathologies, with ketosis being one of the most common. Subclinical ketosis is a metabolic disorder which brings about increased levels of ketone bodies in blood, urine and milk, due to a negative energy balance (NEB), although obvious symptoms are not presented. This NEB happens when energy intake is not enough to meet the demands of maintenance, fetal growth and milk production, leading to the mobilization of body fat reserves, which they metabolize into unesterified fatty acids (UFA). This metabolic imbalance brings about significant economic losses on the farm, which highlight the importance of implementing effective preventive measures in the heard to reduce its incidence. It is also essential to know the diagnostic techniques to be able to monitor it in critical periods and apply appropriate therapeutic treatments to mitigate the possible damage caused by this condition.
The transition period, which covers the three weeks before and after calving, is considered a critical stage in the life of high-producing dairy cows (HPDC). During this stage, cows go through significant physiological and metabolic changes that make them more predisposed to metabolic pathologies, with ketosis being one of the most common. Subclinical ketosis is a metabolic disorder which brings about increased levels of ketone bodies in blood, urine and milk, due to a negative energy balance (NEB), although obvious symptoms are not presented. This NEB happens when energy intake is not enough to meet the demands of maintenance, fetal growth and milk production, leading to the mobilization of body fat reserves, which they metabolize into unesterified fatty acids (UFA). This metabolic imbalance brings about significant economic losses on the farm, which highlight the importance of implementing effective preventive measures in the heard to reduce its incidence. It is also essential to know the diagnostic techniques to be able to monitor it in critical periods and apply appropriate therapeutic treatments to mitigate the possible damage caused by this condition.
Direction
PEREIRA LESTAYO, VICTOR (Tutorships)
PEREIRA LESTAYO, VICTOR (Tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Congenital heart disease in dogs: Anatomical basis and clinical consequences
Authorship
L.C.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.C.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Congenital heart diseases are of high clinical importance in small animals. To understand them, it is essential to know the normal cardiac anatomy and embriology and its variations when dealing with one of these pathologies. Throughout this work we intend to summarize the most relevant aspects in these fields, in addition to developing the etiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of the main congenital heart diseases.
Congenital heart diseases are of high clinical importance in small animals. To understand them, it is essential to know the normal cardiac anatomy and embriology and its variations when dealing with one of these pathologies. Throughout this work we intend to summarize the most relevant aspects in these fields, in addition to developing the etiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of the main congenital heart diseases.
Direction
FERNANDEZ TROCONIZ REVUELTA, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ TROCONIZ REVUELTA, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Factors influencing the welfare and production of intensive dairy cattle. Preventive measures
Authorship
M.B.S.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.B.S.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.21.2024 09:00
06.21.2024 09:00
Summary
It is a fact that in recent years there has been a commitment to production that is increasingly committed to sustainability and animal welfare, and the dairy cattle sector cannot be left behind. It is a sector that is in continuous growth and adaptation, forming one of the most important productive activities in Spain and Galicia. In this way, knowing the measures directly related to animal welfare (included in protocols and corresponding legislation) would help both producers and consumers to understand the real impact of their application at the productive level and to establish guidelines to improve it. The availability of new on-farm tools and technologies helps producers to obtain more data on the real-time status of their animals, and gives them the opportunity to improve yields while improving animal welfare. All this is supported by the presence of certifications on animal products that certify that, during the production cycle, the animals have been treated under basic welfare criteria and principles, including transport and slaughter. In addition to being a concept closely related to animal health and human welfare.
It is a fact that in recent years there has been a commitment to production that is increasingly committed to sustainability and animal welfare, and the dairy cattle sector cannot be left behind. It is a sector that is in continuous growth and adaptation, forming one of the most important productive activities in Spain and Galicia. In this way, knowing the measures directly related to animal welfare (included in protocols and corresponding legislation) would help both producers and consumers to understand the real impact of their application at the productive level and to establish guidelines to improve it. The availability of new on-farm tools and technologies helps producers to obtain more data on the real-time status of their animals, and gives them the opportunity to improve yields while improving animal welfare. All this is supported by the presence of certifications on animal products that certify that, during the production cycle, the animals have been treated under basic welfare criteria and principles, including transport and slaughter. In addition to being a concept closely related to animal health and human welfare.
Direction
CASTILLO RODRÍGUEZ, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
CASTILLO RODRÍGUEZ, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
Evaluation of the presence of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in cattle from Lugo.
Authorship
L.V.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.V.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.20.2024 09:00
06.20.2024 09:00
Summary
Haemoplasmas are bacteria belonging to the genus Mycoplasma, which includes pathogens without cell wall that infect erythrocytes of wild and domestic animals and humans. Although these bacteria are present in Spain, their prevalence and distribution are unknown. For this reason, the aim of the present study is to investigate the presence of haemoplasmas in cattle in Galicia and to molecularly characterise the species present. To carry out the study, 345 blood samples were collected from cattle from different farms in the province of Lugo. These samples were classified according to the farm of origin and age of the animals and 75 blood pools were performed. The presence of haemoplasmas was analysed using a PCR protocol that allows the amplification of a region of the 16S rRNA of these pathogens. The influence of the age of the animals, the most frequent age on the farm, farm size and the region of study on the presence of haemoplasmas was then analysed by linear regression. A total of 70 samples were positive (93.33%), by maximum likelihood estimation the total prevalence of haemoplasmas was 43.11% (95%CI: 33.85%-53.76%). Two haemoplasma species Mycoplasma wenyonii (56.7%) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos (26.2%) were identified. None of the variables analysed were identified as risk factors. The present study is the first investigation on the presence of haemoplasmas in cattle in Spain. The high occurrence suggests the possible endemicity of the pathogen in the cattle populations included in the study. This occurrence could hinder the detection of other pathogens as haemoplasmas could be identified as pathogens causing clinical signs or production damage that in reality have another origin; moreover, their endemicity makes it difficult to identify risk factors.. These findings underscore the importance of implementing more effective prevention strategies in cattle management. Finally, although both identified hemoplasma species as being common in global cattle populations, Ca. M. haemobos has been found in a wide range of hosts, suggesting that other susceptible animal species may also be infected with this hemoplasma species.
Haemoplasmas are bacteria belonging to the genus Mycoplasma, which includes pathogens without cell wall that infect erythrocytes of wild and domestic animals and humans. Although these bacteria are present in Spain, their prevalence and distribution are unknown. For this reason, the aim of the present study is to investigate the presence of haemoplasmas in cattle in Galicia and to molecularly characterise the species present. To carry out the study, 345 blood samples were collected from cattle from different farms in the province of Lugo. These samples were classified according to the farm of origin and age of the animals and 75 blood pools were performed. The presence of haemoplasmas was analysed using a PCR protocol that allows the amplification of a region of the 16S rRNA of these pathogens. The influence of the age of the animals, the most frequent age on the farm, farm size and the region of study on the presence of haemoplasmas was then analysed by linear regression. A total of 70 samples were positive (93.33%), by maximum likelihood estimation the total prevalence of haemoplasmas was 43.11% (95%CI: 33.85%-53.76%). Two haemoplasma species Mycoplasma wenyonii (56.7%) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos (26.2%) were identified. None of the variables analysed were identified as risk factors. The present study is the first investigation on the presence of haemoplasmas in cattle in Spain. The high occurrence suggests the possible endemicity of the pathogen in the cattle populations included in the study. This occurrence could hinder the detection of other pathogens as haemoplasmas could be identified as pathogens causing clinical signs or production damage that in reality have another origin; moreover, their endemicity makes it difficult to identify risk factors.. These findings underscore the importance of implementing more effective prevention strategies in cattle management. Finally, although both identified hemoplasma species as being common in global cattle populations, Ca. M. haemobos has been found in a wide range of hosts, suggesting that other susceptible animal species may also be infected with this hemoplasma species.
Direction
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Tutorships)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Thoracolumbar herniated discs in dogs
Authorship
N.C.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
N.C.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:30
09.13.2024 10:30
Summary
Herniated discs are part of the intervertebral disc disease and considered as the most common neurological pathology in veterinary clinics. They consist of the partial displacement of the intervertebral disc, located between two adjacent vertebrae, towards the vertebral canal. Most of them are located in the thoracolumbar region of the spine and there is a higher prevalence in dogs than in cats. They are produced by an intervertebral disc degeneration caused by various factors, being the main cause a chondroid metaplasia. The latter is more common in chondrodystrophic dog breeds and fibrinoid metaplasia in nonchondrodystrophic breeds, the former being the most prevalent in most cases. The age of presentation and the type of hernia produced also varies between these two groups. The clinical importance of this disease lies in the injury induced in the affected nerves and the time elapsed since the onset of the clinical signs. These can range from pain or a slight decrease in proprioception to paraplegia with fecal and/or urinary incontinence along with absence of nociception. The definitive diagnosis is made through imaging techniques, after locating the lesion by means of an examination and anamnesis of the animal. Conservative treatment is based mainly on activity restriction and analgesia and surgical treatment on spinal decompression through hemilaminectomy, with or without disc fenestration. The choice of one or the other will depend on the animal condition, among other factors.
Herniated discs are part of the intervertebral disc disease and considered as the most common neurological pathology in veterinary clinics. They consist of the partial displacement of the intervertebral disc, located between two adjacent vertebrae, towards the vertebral canal. Most of them are located in the thoracolumbar region of the spine and there is a higher prevalence in dogs than in cats. They are produced by an intervertebral disc degeneration caused by various factors, being the main cause a chondroid metaplasia. The latter is more common in chondrodystrophic dog breeds and fibrinoid metaplasia in nonchondrodystrophic breeds, the former being the most prevalent in most cases. The age of presentation and the type of hernia produced also varies between these two groups. The clinical importance of this disease lies in the injury induced in the affected nerves and the time elapsed since the onset of the clinical signs. These can range from pain or a slight decrease in proprioception to paraplegia with fecal and/or urinary incontinence along with absence of nociception. The definitive diagnosis is made through imaging techniques, after locating the lesion by means of an examination and anamnesis of the animal. Conservative treatment is based mainly on activity restriction and analgesia and surgical treatment on spinal decompression through hemilaminectomy, with or without disc fenestration. The choice of one or the other will depend on the animal condition, among other factors.
Direction
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Treatment and prevention guidelines against Dirofilaria immitis in dogs
Authorship
B.F.D.L.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
B.F.D.L.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Canine dirofilariasis is a cardiopulmonary disease caused by the nematode Dirofilaria immitis that is transmitted by culicid mosquitoes. The continuous increase in the prevalence of D. immitis has highlighted the importance of controlling the transmission of this disease, as well as of carrying out a correct diagnosis and treatment. Transmission is linked to the presence of mosquito vectors and climatic factors that facilitate its development, in addition to the migration of wild animals and the increasingly frequent movement of pets. Adequate management of the disease requires a multimodal approach, including adulticidal, microfilaricidal and adjuvant therapy, as well as clinical evaluation of each patient to choose the most appropriate regimen. The use of doxycycline against Wolbachia endosymbiont is common before adulticidal treatment. Over the last decades, the benefits of its use and the possible variations in dosage and administration schedule have been studied in numerous investigations. Topical moxidectin is the drug of choice for microfilaricidal treatment, and is used in combination with doxycycline to reduce complications following adulticidal treatment. Melarsomine is the main drug used for the elimination of adults, however there are alternative non-arsenical options when this is not available. There are different recommended treatment protocols, the differences of which are largely influenced by recent findings regarding the susceptibility gap. Among the preventive measures, the use of preventive drugs based on macrocyclic lactones, combined with repellents and community vector control, is essential to reduce the incidence of the disease. It is crucial to continue exploring the impact of climate change on the distribution of D. immitis and the efficacy of vector control strategies. Adaptation to new treatment guidelines based on recent studies may improve clinical outcomes. New challenges for the future focus on the increasing emergence of resistance to the drugs used and the development of new therapeutic agents that limit the occurrence of side effects.
Canine dirofilariasis is a cardiopulmonary disease caused by the nematode Dirofilaria immitis that is transmitted by culicid mosquitoes. The continuous increase in the prevalence of D. immitis has highlighted the importance of controlling the transmission of this disease, as well as of carrying out a correct diagnosis and treatment. Transmission is linked to the presence of mosquito vectors and climatic factors that facilitate its development, in addition to the migration of wild animals and the increasingly frequent movement of pets. Adequate management of the disease requires a multimodal approach, including adulticidal, microfilaricidal and adjuvant therapy, as well as clinical evaluation of each patient to choose the most appropriate regimen. The use of doxycycline against Wolbachia endosymbiont is common before adulticidal treatment. Over the last decades, the benefits of its use and the possible variations in dosage and administration schedule have been studied in numerous investigations. Topical moxidectin is the drug of choice for microfilaricidal treatment, and is used in combination with doxycycline to reduce complications following adulticidal treatment. Melarsomine is the main drug used for the elimination of adults, however there are alternative non-arsenical options when this is not available. There are different recommended treatment protocols, the differences of which are largely influenced by recent findings regarding the susceptibility gap. Among the preventive measures, the use of preventive drugs based on macrocyclic lactones, combined with repellents and community vector control, is essential to reduce the incidence of the disease. It is crucial to continue exploring the impact of climate change on the distribution of D. immitis and the efficacy of vector control strategies. Adaptation to new treatment guidelines based on recent studies may improve clinical outcomes. New challenges for the future focus on the increasing emergence of resistance to the drugs used and the development of new therapeutic agents that limit the occurrence of side effects.
Direction
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Tutorships)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Radiographic estimation of bone maturation and its approximation to chronological age in the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)
Authorship
C.P.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.P.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The work presented here is the development of a methodology to estimate age in brown bears (Ursus arctos), based on the radiographic evaluation of the forelimb bone maturation. A correct estimation of bone age determined in a non-invasive way is very relevant in the field of research and practical veterinary practice, in field studies, necropsies, diagnoses, health controls of individuals and wildlife conservation programs. Since the method currently used to determine the age in bears is highly invasive, because it involves the extraction of a tooth, it becomes necessary to develop a less invasive tool. In this work we present a bibliographic analysis of the different methods of age estimation that have been developed in different animal species and especially in ursids, and also in the field of human medicine, as well as the new automated techniques that could be applied to develop the methodology proposed here. Using this information and our own database with radiographs of 31 bears of different ages, a small experimental study is carried out to evaluate the methodology, establish the parameters and lay the foundations to create this tool, which will need a longer period for its optimal development.
The work presented here is the development of a methodology to estimate age in brown bears (Ursus arctos), based on the radiographic evaluation of the forelimb bone maturation. A correct estimation of bone age determined in a non-invasive way is very relevant in the field of research and practical veterinary practice, in field studies, necropsies, diagnoses, health controls of individuals and wildlife conservation programs. Since the method currently used to determine the age in bears is highly invasive, because it involves the extraction of a tooth, it becomes necessary to develop a less invasive tool. In this work we present a bibliographic analysis of the different methods of age estimation that have been developed in different animal species and especially in ursids, and also in the field of human medicine, as well as the new automated techniques that could be applied to develop the methodology proposed here. Using this information and our own database with radiographs of 31 bears of different ages, a small experimental study is carried out to evaluate the methodology, establish the parameters and lay the foundations to create this tool, which will need a longer period for its optimal development.
Direction
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Tutorships)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Study of the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in wild birds
Authorship
A.P.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.P.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
The fight against bacterial resistance constitutes one of the great challenges of 21st century medicine. Escherichia coli is a bacteria involved in multiple diseases that affect both humans and animals, and in addition, due to its ubiquity and high genetic plasticity, it is one of the bacteria in which the appearance of strains resistant to antibiotics is most common. In particular, the emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains in E. coli is an emerging risk of loss of efficacy in the therapeutic treatment of infections caused by E. coli. Wildlife can act as a reservoir for these resistant strains and can put animal and public health at risk. In this study we analyzed 102 wild birds admitted to two Wildlife Recovery Centers in two different areas of Spain, from which we took samples using cloacal swabs with the aim of evaluating the presence of E. coli, and in particular ESBL strains, in these species. The presence of E. coli was detected in 75/102 of the samples (73.5 %). In 7 of the 102 birds (6.9 %), the presence of eight strains with ESBL-compatible phenotype was detected by sowing in TBX medium supplemented with antibiotic. These eight strains were subjected to a multiplex PCR to identify the resistance genes involved in the production of ESBL, detecting the presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM in 6 of the strains (5.9% of the total birds), being the most frequent gene blaCTX-M (5/6 strains). The presence of several resistance genes in the same strain was also frequent (4/6 strains). Our results confirm the circulation of antibiotic-resistant strains in wild birds. Further studies would be necessary to define in more detail the precise role of each species. The presence of these strains could constitute an epidemiological risk both due to the habits of certain species (scavenging birds or birds accustomed to living in humanized environments) that can favor contagion, and due to their migrations, where different types of resistance may be dispersed during their travels. The detection of resistant strains in scavenging birds suggests the possibility of using them as indicators of environmental contamination.
The fight against bacterial resistance constitutes one of the great challenges of 21st century medicine. Escherichia coli is a bacteria involved in multiple diseases that affect both humans and animals, and in addition, due to its ubiquity and high genetic plasticity, it is one of the bacteria in which the appearance of strains resistant to antibiotics is most common. In particular, the emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains in E. coli is an emerging risk of loss of efficacy in the therapeutic treatment of infections caused by E. coli. Wildlife can act as a reservoir for these resistant strains and can put animal and public health at risk. In this study we analyzed 102 wild birds admitted to two Wildlife Recovery Centers in two different areas of Spain, from which we took samples using cloacal swabs with the aim of evaluating the presence of E. coli, and in particular ESBL strains, in these species. The presence of E. coli was detected in 75/102 of the samples (73.5 %). In 7 of the 102 birds (6.9 %), the presence of eight strains with ESBL-compatible phenotype was detected by sowing in TBX medium supplemented with antibiotic. These eight strains were subjected to a multiplex PCR to identify the resistance genes involved in the production of ESBL, detecting the presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM in 6 of the strains (5.9% of the total birds), being the most frequent gene blaCTX-M (5/6 strains). The presence of several resistance genes in the same strain was also frequent (4/6 strains). Our results confirm the circulation of antibiotic-resistant strains in wild birds. Further studies would be necessary to define in more detail the precise role of each species. The presence of these strains could constitute an epidemiological risk both due to the habits of certain species (scavenging birds or birds accustomed to living in humanized environments) that can favor contagion, and due to their migrations, where different types of resistance may be dispersed during their travels. The detection of resistant strains in scavenging birds suggests the possibility of using them as indicators of environmental contamination.
Direction
DIAZ CAO, JOSÉ MANUEL (Tutorships)
López Lorenzo, Gonzalo (Co-tutorships)
DIAZ CAO, JOSÉ MANUEL (Tutorships)
López Lorenzo, Gonzalo (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Corneal ulcers in dogs
Authorship
L.G.D.A.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.G.D.A.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Corneal ulcer is a very common ophthalmologic pathology in small animals, especially in dogs. The importance of this disease lies in its complications, which can lead to the loss of the animal's visual capacity, so it is essential to carry out an early diagnosis and quickly establish an appropriate treatment to prevent the development of a possible aggravation. It is a multifactorial disease that causes the loss of continuity of the different layers of the cornea. Depending on the depth of the lesion, the etiology and its duration, it may present different signs, the most common being pain, blepharospasm and epiphora. There are a variety of methods for diagnosing corneal ulcers, the most commonly used being fluorescein staining. It is important to determine the severity of the lesion because depending on this the treatment will be medical or medical-surgical. Medical treatment is based on the use of antibiotics, cycloplegics and other substances specific to the etiology of the ulcer (as in indolent ulcers or dry keratoconjunctivitis). There are numerous surgical techniques to treat ulcers such as nictitating membrane or bulbar conjunctiva flaps. In addition, other novel techniques have been developed, such as the use of biological membrane grafts or platelet-rich plasma, which represent an advance and an improvement in the prognosis of this pathology.
Corneal ulcer is a very common ophthalmologic pathology in small animals, especially in dogs. The importance of this disease lies in its complications, which can lead to the loss of the animal's visual capacity, so it is essential to carry out an early diagnosis and quickly establish an appropriate treatment to prevent the development of a possible aggravation. It is a multifactorial disease that causes the loss of continuity of the different layers of the cornea. Depending on the depth of the lesion, the etiology and its duration, it may present different signs, the most common being pain, blepharospasm and epiphora. There are a variety of methods for diagnosing corneal ulcers, the most commonly used being fluorescein staining. It is important to determine the severity of the lesion because depending on this the treatment will be medical or medical-surgical. Medical treatment is based on the use of antibiotics, cycloplegics and other substances specific to the etiology of the ulcer (as in indolent ulcers or dry keratoconjunctivitis). There are numerous surgical techniques to treat ulcers such as nictitating membrane or bulbar conjunctiva flaps. In addition, other novel techniques have been developed, such as the use of biological membrane grafts or platelet-rich plasma, which represent an advance and an improvement in the prognosis of this pathology.
Direction
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Tutorships)
PEREIRO GONZALEZ, MIRIAM (Co-tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Tutorships)
PEREIRO GONZALEZ, MIRIAM (Co-tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Recent Advances in Chronotanatodiagnostic Techniques up to 72 Hours
Authorship
D.P.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
D.P.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Chronotanatodiagnosis is the science that studies how to estimate the post mortem interval (PMI), the time that elapses between death and the discovery of the corpse. Calculating the PMI is one of the main tasks a forensic scientist faces, and doing so accurately requires a very broad and deep knowledge of forensic sciences. This study compiles the techniques and methods used in estimating the PMI in animals up to 72 hours post mortem that appeared in scientific publications from 2019 to 2024, excluding entomological and microbiological techniques due to their extent. However, it does include a large number of procedures that quantify post mortem changes such as, for example, imaging tests, different histological stains in various organs, examination of the eyeball, physical measurements, biochemical analyses, studies in genomics and epigenetics, and on the phenomenon of post mortem redistribution of drugs and toxins. The included techniques are remarkably innovative, so in many cases, more studies are still needed to corroborate their results and applicability. On the other hand, most studies intend to apply their findings to human forensic medicine; therefore, it is essential for forensic veterinary medicine that research not only considers the environmental and individual factors that influence measurements, but also validates the procedures in different species of veterinary interest. In conclusion, the diversity of techniques found aims to adapt to different contexts, since each one has its advantages and limitations. The current trend in research focuses on the objective quantification of data and on two main approaches: the development of portable technologies for immediate use at the crime scene and the creation of mathematical and computational models for precise PMI estimates.
Chronotanatodiagnosis is the science that studies how to estimate the post mortem interval (PMI), the time that elapses between death and the discovery of the corpse. Calculating the PMI is one of the main tasks a forensic scientist faces, and doing so accurately requires a very broad and deep knowledge of forensic sciences. This study compiles the techniques and methods used in estimating the PMI in animals up to 72 hours post mortem that appeared in scientific publications from 2019 to 2024, excluding entomological and microbiological techniques due to their extent. However, it does include a large number of procedures that quantify post mortem changes such as, for example, imaging tests, different histological stains in various organs, examination of the eyeball, physical measurements, biochemical analyses, studies in genomics and epigenetics, and on the phenomenon of post mortem redistribution of drugs and toxins. The included techniques are remarkably innovative, so in many cases, more studies are still needed to corroborate their results and applicability. On the other hand, most studies intend to apply their findings to human forensic medicine; therefore, it is essential for forensic veterinary medicine that research not only considers the environmental and individual factors that influence measurements, but also validates the procedures in different species of veterinary interest. In conclusion, the diversity of techniques found aims to adapt to different contexts, since each one has its advantages and limitations. The current trend in research focuses on the objective quantification of data and on two main approaches: the development of portable technologies for immediate use at the crime scene and the creation of mathematical and computational models for precise PMI estimates.
Direction
LOPEZ PEÑA, MONICA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
LOPEZ PEÑA, MONICA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Detection of proteins phosphorylated by protein cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA) in sperm from mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis
Authorship
M.B.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.B.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
There is currently a lot of scientific information demonstrating that protein phosphorylation mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A; PKA) is one of the central mechanisms in the regulation of sperm motility in mammals. However, in other species, particularly invertebrates, data on the involvement of PKA in this process are very scarce. The present work aims to demonstrate the presence of this protein kinase in the spermatozoa of the bivalve species Mytilus galloprovincialis and to provide data on its participation in the process of sperm motility regulation. Additionally, within the framework of climate change, it is also intended to assess whether the variation in the temperature of seawater, where sperm are released, could have effects on PKA activity. The results obtained by immunohistochemistry studies show the presence of PKA in the flagella of the spermatozoa of M. galloprovincialis, where the presence of both the regulatory subunit (R) and the catalytic subunit (C) of the enzyme was detected. On the other hand, several sperm proteins with different molecular weights phosphorylated in vitro by PKA were detected, which indicates that, as in mammals, this enzyme may be involved in processes of regulation of sperm functionality. Finally, it has also been possible to verify how the variation in temperature has a directly proportional effect on the activity of PKA in the substrate proteins phosphorylation process, which suggests that changes in the temperature of seawater can also affect the activity of this protein kinase, and, consequently, to the reproduction of the mollusc.
There is currently a lot of scientific information demonstrating that protein phosphorylation mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A; PKA) is one of the central mechanisms in the regulation of sperm motility in mammals. However, in other species, particularly invertebrates, data on the involvement of PKA in this process are very scarce. The present work aims to demonstrate the presence of this protein kinase in the spermatozoa of the bivalve species Mytilus galloprovincialis and to provide data on its participation in the process of sperm motility regulation. Additionally, within the framework of climate change, it is also intended to assess whether the variation in the temperature of seawater, where sperm are released, could have effects on PKA activity. The results obtained by immunohistochemistry studies show the presence of PKA in the flagella of the spermatozoa of M. galloprovincialis, where the presence of both the regulatory subunit (R) and the catalytic subunit (C) of the enzyme was detected. On the other hand, several sperm proteins with different molecular weights phosphorylated in vitro by PKA were detected, which indicates that, as in mammals, this enzyme may be involved in processes of regulation of sperm functionality. Finally, it has also been possible to verify how the variation in temperature has a directly proportional effect on the activity of PKA in the substrate proteins phosphorylation process, which suggests that changes in the temperature of seawater can also affect the activity of this protein kinase, and, consequently, to the reproduction of the mollusc.
Direction
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Tutorships)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Co-tutorships)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Tutorships)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and its role as etiological agent of Crohn´s Disease
Authorship
R.H.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
R.H.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
Crohn's Disease (CD) is a pathology that affects more and more people worldwide, especially in developed countries. Its etiology is still unknown; however, due to the similarities with Johne's Disease (JD) in ruminants, also called paratuberculosis (PTB), the hypothesis of the association between CD and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), microorganism that causes JD, has been established. In this document, a review of the existing scientific information about the etiology, epidemiology, clinical and lesional presentation and treatment of both diseases has been performed, as well as the similarities between them, the possible association between the development of CD and detection of MAP and the risk of human exposure to this bacterium through the food chain. As the main conclusion of this review, we can point out a higher presence of MAP in CD patients than in control ones, although the detection of the agent is not always possible in all patients. On the other hand, some of the classic arguments against the causal relationship between MAP and the development of CD have been refuted due to new studies and the development of new methodologies, although the information currently available does not allow us to confirm its role as the etiological agent of this disease. However, there is strong evidence of the presence of MAP in numerous elements of the food chain so, from the point of view of the precautionary principle, it would be advisable to establish measures to reduce the risk of exposure of the human population to this mycobacterium, although its role in the development of this disease has not yet been completely elucidated.
Crohn's Disease (CD) is a pathology that affects more and more people worldwide, especially in developed countries. Its etiology is still unknown; however, due to the similarities with Johne's Disease (JD) in ruminants, also called paratuberculosis (PTB), the hypothesis of the association between CD and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), microorganism that causes JD, has been established. In this document, a review of the existing scientific information about the etiology, epidemiology, clinical and lesional presentation and treatment of both diseases has been performed, as well as the similarities between them, the possible association between the development of CD and detection of MAP and the risk of human exposure to this bacterium through the food chain. As the main conclusion of this review, we can point out a higher presence of MAP in CD patients than in control ones, although the detection of the agent is not always possible in all patients. On the other hand, some of the classic arguments against the causal relationship between MAP and the development of CD have been refuted due to new studies and the development of new methodologies, although the information currently available does not allow us to confirm its role as the etiological agent of this disease. However, there is strong evidence of the presence of MAP in numerous elements of the food chain so, from the point of view of the precautionary principle, it would be advisable to establish measures to reduce the risk of exposure of the human population to this mycobacterium, although its role in the development of this disease has not yet been completely elucidated.
Direction
Prieto Lago, Alberto (Tutorships)
Prieto Lago, Alberto (Tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Reproductive Effects of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Dairy Cattle Farms in Galicia
Authorship
C.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.21.2024 09:00
06.21.2024 09:00
Summary
Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of coxiellosis in animals and Q fever in humans. It is a highly infectious pathogen with high environmental resistance. In cattle, coxiellosis is often asymptomatic, but a possible relationship with various reproductive problems has been suggested. However, there is limited epidemiological data in this species in Galicia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of C. burnetii, its distribution, risk factors, and its effects on reproductive parameters in dairy cattle farms in Lugo and A Coruña. Additionally, the relationship between qPCR and ELISAi results was investigated. Thus, 36 bulk tank milk samples were collected and analyzed using qPCR and ELISAi. Furthermore, an epidemiological survey was conducted on the characteristics and management of the farms, and reproductive data from the past six months for each farm were obtained to study their relationship with the presence of C. burnetii. In total, 52.3 % of farms showed active shedding of the bacterium, and antibodies against C. burnetii were detected in 97.2 % of farms, with high prevalences in both provinces (Lugo = 53.9 % and A Coruña = 71.4 %). Farm size and the presence of quarantine facilities were identified as risk factors for the presence of C. burnetii. Regarding reproductive parameters, the abortion rate and the presence of endometritis on farms were significantly higher in farms positive for C. burnetii when the qPCR positivity was high. That is, the abortion rate was higher in these farms compared to negative ones (5.0 % vs 3.0 %), and the percentage of positive farms was higher in those with endometritis (35.0 % vs 29.0 %). Finally, no statistically significant association was found between the S/P ratio and the qPCR Ct value. These results indicate a high presence, exposure, and geographical distribution of C. burnetii in dairy cattle farms in this region. The association between a higher presence of the bacterium and farm size may be due to different characteristics depending on size, which could influence the risk of the bacterium being present on farms. Furthermore, the association with reproductive parameters only in farms with a higher degree of positivity suggests that this occurs in specific epidemiological patterns. The lack of correlation between ELISAi and qPCR results could also be attributed to this phenomenon. Consequently, it is necessary to determine if the existence of different serological and excretion patterns of the bacterium could affect these results. In conclusion, this study confirms the high exposure and presence of C. burnetii in Galician cattle farms and suggests the possibility of its involvement in reproductive disorders in farms with specific epidemiological profiles. Finally, it is important to consider that the high presence of C. burnetii in dairy farms could pose a risk to public health.
Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of coxiellosis in animals and Q fever in humans. It is a highly infectious pathogen with high environmental resistance. In cattle, coxiellosis is often asymptomatic, but a possible relationship with various reproductive problems has been suggested. However, there is limited epidemiological data in this species in Galicia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of C. burnetii, its distribution, risk factors, and its effects on reproductive parameters in dairy cattle farms in Lugo and A Coruña. Additionally, the relationship between qPCR and ELISAi results was investigated. Thus, 36 bulk tank milk samples were collected and analyzed using qPCR and ELISAi. Furthermore, an epidemiological survey was conducted on the characteristics and management of the farms, and reproductive data from the past six months for each farm were obtained to study their relationship with the presence of C. burnetii. In total, 52.3 % of farms showed active shedding of the bacterium, and antibodies against C. burnetii were detected in 97.2 % of farms, with high prevalences in both provinces (Lugo = 53.9 % and A Coruña = 71.4 %). Farm size and the presence of quarantine facilities were identified as risk factors for the presence of C. burnetii. Regarding reproductive parameters, the abortion rate and the presence of endometritis on farms were significantly higher in farms positive for C. burnetii when the qPCR positivity was high. That is, the abortion rate was higher in these farms compared to negative ones (5.0 % vs 3.0 %), and the percentage of positive farms was higher in those with endometritis (35.0 % vs 29.0 %). Finally, no statistically significant association was found between the S/P ratio and the qPCR Ct value. These results indicate a high presence, exposure, and geographical distribution of C. burnetii in dairy cattle farms in this region. The association between a higher presence of the bacterium and farm size may be due to different characteristics depending on size, which could influence the risk of the bacterium being present on farms. Furthermore, the association with reproductive parameters only in farms with a higher degree of positivity suggests that this occurs in specific epidemiological patterns. The lack of correlation between ELISAi and qPCR results could also be attributed to this phenomenon. Consequently, it is necessary to determine if the existence of different serological and excretion patterns of the bacterium could affect these results. In conclusion, this study confirms the high exposure and presence of C. burnetii in Galician cattle farms and suggests the possibility of its involvement in reproductive disorders in farms with specific epidemiological profiles. Finally, it is important to consider that the high presence of C. burnetii in dairy farms could pose a risk to public health.
Direction
DIAZ CAO, JOSÉ MANUEL (Tutorships)
DIAZ CAO, JOSÉ MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
The role of microbiota in Canine Gastrointestinal Disease
Authorship
S.M.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.M.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
The intestinal microbiota is a community of organisms living in a symbiotic relationship with the host, consisting primarily of bacteria, as well as viruses, fungi, archaea, and protozoa. In this literature review, we aim to examine which bacteria populate the canine gastrointestinal tract, the methods used for bacterial identification, their functions within the organism, and how various factors, within a state of good health, can influence the increase or decrease of specific microbial communities. The factors we will discuss include variations related to age, environmental conditions, and diet. With the rise of new feeding methods for canine pets with raw meat (such as the BARF diet), several studies have been conducted on variations in the microbiota of dogs following these diets. Next, we will elucidate the concept of dysbiosis and the mathematical model known as the Dysbiosis Index that aids in diagnostics and monitoring treatment response in various gastrointestinal pathologies. Additionally, we will review the most recent scientific literature concerning the changes in the microbiota associated with conditions such as parvovirus infection, Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, acute diarrhea, or acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome. We will also explore how this dysbiosis impacts the functions performed by bacteria in the organism, such as the production of short-chain fatty acids or bile acid metabolism. Finally, we will address the treatment through fecal transplants from a healthy donor to a patient with a gastrointestinal disease. This will include its components, theories attempting to elucidate its mechanism of action, and various protocols and donor selection criteria proposed by different professionals. Currently, there are no internationally agreed-upon guidelines for conducting this procedure. Furthermore, we will discuss different benefits and drawbacks associated with fecal transplants, along with studies where they have been employed to address various pathologies and additional therapies such as antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics.
The intestinal microbiota is a community of organisms living in a symbiotic relationship with the host, consisting primarily of bacteria, as well as viruses, fungi, archaea, and protozoa. In this literature review, we aim to examine which bacteria populate the canine gastrointestinal tract, the methods used for bacterial identification, their functions within the organism, and how various factors, within a state of good health, can influence the increase or decrease of specific microbial communities. The factors we will discuss include variations related to age, environmental conditions, and diet. With the rise of new feeding methods for canine pets with raw meat (such as the BARF diet), several studies have been conducted on variations in the microbiota of dogs following these diets. Next, we will elucidate the concept of dysbiosis and the mathematical model known as the Dysbiosis Index that aids in diagnostics and monitoring treatment response in various gastrointestinal pathologies. Additionally, we will review the most recent scientific literature concerning the changes in the microbiota associated with conditions such as parvovirus infection, Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, acute diarrhea, or acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome. We will also explore how this dysbiosis impacts the functions performed by bacteria in the organism, such as the production of short-chain fatty acids or bile acid metabolism. Finally, we will address the treatment through fecal transplants from a healthy donor to a patient with a gastrointestinal disease. This will include its components, theories attempting to elucidate its mechanism of action, and various protocols and donor selection criteria proposed by different professionals. Currently, there are no internationally agreed-upon guidelines for conducting this procedure. Furthermore, we will discuss different benefits and drawbacks associated with fecal transplants, along with studies where they have been employed to address various pathologies and additional therapies such as antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics.
Direction
MIRANDA CASTAÑON, MARTA INES (Tutorships)
MIRANDA CASTAÑON, MARTA INES (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Patent ductus arteriosus. Diagnosis and treatment.
Authorship
L.C.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.C.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases in canines. This pathology occurs after a failure in the closure of the duct at birth, not converting into the arterial ligament and mantaining communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Initially, and generally, this communication is from left to right and, over time, generates an overload on the left side of the heart that results in congestive hear failure. In the absence of early correction or due to a large PDA diameter, an irreversible change in the pulmonary circulation may develop, leading to hypertension, which generates an inversion of the PDA (reverse PDA). The early detection of PDA in the patient´s first consultation through a good clinic history and physical examination, and the use of diagnostic imaging techniques such as echocardiography and angiography, among others, have an impact on the patiente´s prognosis and treatment possibilities. The prognosis of a patient with corrected PDA, through the use of traditional surgical ligation or minimally invasive methods, is excellent, with mortality drastically reduced. Therfore, knowledge of different diagnostic and treatment techniques, in addition to their advantages and disadvantages, is very useful.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases in canines. This pathology occurs after a failure in the closure of the duct at birth, not converting into the arterial ligament and mantaining communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Initially, and generally, this communication is from left to right and, over time, generates an overload on the left side of the heart that results in congestive hear failure. In the absence of early correction or due to a large PDA diameter, an irreversible change in the pulmonary circulation may develop, leading to hypertension, which generates an inversion of the PDA (reverse PDA). The early detection of PDA in the patient´s first consultation through a good clinic history and physical examination, and the use of diagnostic imaging techniques such as echocardiography and angiography, among others, have an impact on the patiente´s prognosis and treatment possibilities. The prognosis of a patient with corrected PDA, through the use of traditional surgical ligation or minimally invasive methods, is excellent, with mortality drastically reduced. Therfore, knowledge of different diagnostic and treatment techniques, in addition to their advantages and disadvantages, is very useful.
Direction
Miño Fariña, Natalia (Tutorships)
Miño Fariña, Natalia (Tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
Morphological and immunohistochemical study of the accessory and main olfactory bulb of the dwarf Asian otter (Aonyx cinereus)
Authorship
S.A.F.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.A.F.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
This study addresses the structural characterization, both macroscopic and microscopic, of the olfactory bulb (OB) of a carnivore belonging to the Mustelidae family and characterized by its semi-aquatic lifestyle: the Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinereum). The OB is the brain structure responsible for the initial integration of chemosensory information from nasal sensory organs. This study extends to its two fundamental components: the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Both areas are involved in processing olfactory and pheromonal information, detected by the olfactory mucosa and the vomeronasal duct neuroepithelium, respectively. In mammals, the structural organization of the MOB is largely conserved, with comparable morphological and neurochemical patterns. However, the morphofunctional development of the AOB varies greatly depending on the relative role that chemical communication plays in the socio-sexual behavior of the species. Thus, in rodents, lagomorphs, and marsupials, the development of the system and therefore the predominance of chemical communication is maximal. However, in humans and primates, various approaches, from neuroanatomical to genomic, point to a vestigial presence of the system. This fact makes the study of the vomeronasal system require a highly specific approach. In the particular case of carnivores, significant differences in the development of the vomeronasal system have been observed between two families as close as canids and felids. Wild carnivores constitute an excellent pattern for assessing the origin and significance of these differences. Due to the aforementioned, in this work, we approach the study of the OB of an otter specimen; a carnivore belonging to the Mustelidae family, for which there are no previous studies of this nature. Being a semi-aquatic animal, it also constitutes an interesting model to assess the degree of development of the main olfactory system in these types of animals. The techniques employed have been macroscopic and microscopic dissections, routine and specific histological stains, along with the use of immunohistochemical markers (anti-G proteins, anti-calbindin, anti- calretinin, anti-OMP, etc.) and histochemical (UEA lectins, LEA, etc.). As a result of our study, we have observed in the Asian small-clawed otter the presence of a prominent MOB, with structural development and an expression of neurochemical markers on par with the most advanced macrosmatic species. As for the AOB, its reduced dimensions and scarce lamination are striking, which concurs with the data available on other mustelids. However, the neurochemical markers demonstrate that the organization of this structure may be more complex than anticipated, due to the presence of extensive atypical formations. In conclusion, the relevance of traditional olfaction in a semi-aquatic species is raised, and the existence of an atypical pattern of integration of chemosensory information, opening the door to the possible existence of alternative models to the classically established ones for rodents.
This study addresses the structural characterization, both macroscopic and microscopic, of the olfactory bulb (OB) of a carnivore belonging to the Mustelidae family and characterized by its semi-aquatic lifestyle: the Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinereum). The OB is the brain structure responsible for the initial integration of chemosensory information from nasal sensory organs. This study extends to its two fundamental components: the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Both areas are involved in processing olfactory and pheromonal information, detected by the olfactory mucosa and the vomeronasal duct neuroepithelium, respectively. In mammals, the structural organization of the MOB is largely conserved, with comparable morphological and neurochemical patterns. However, the morphofunctional development of the AOB varies greatly depending on the relative role that chemical communication plays in the socio-sexual behavior of the species. Thus, in rodents, lagomorphs, and marsupials, the development of the system and therefore the predominance of chemical communication is maximal. However, in humans and primates, various approaches, from neuroanatomical to genomic, point to a vestigial presence of the system. This fact makes the study of the vomeronasal system require a highly specific approach. In the particular case of carnivores, significant differences in the development of the vomeronasal system have been observed between two families as close as canids and felids. Wild carnivores constitute an excellent pattern for assessing the origin and significance of these differences. Due to the aforementioned, in this work, we approach the study of the OB of an otter specimen; a carnivore belonging to the Mustelidae family, for which there are no previous studies of this nature. Being a semi-aquatic animal, it also constitutes an interesting model to assess the degree of development of the main olfactory system in these types of animals. The techniques employed have been macroscopic and microscopic dissections, routine and specific histological stains, along with the use of immunohistochemical markers (anti-G proteins, anti-calbindin, anti- calretinin, anti-OMP, etc.) and histochemical (UEA lectins, LEA, etc.). As a result of our study, we have observed in the Asian small-clawed otter the presence of a prominent MOB, with structural development and an expression of neurochemical markers on par with the most advanced macrosmatic species. As for the AOB, its reduced dimensions and scarce lamination are striking, which concurs with the data available on other mustelids. However, the neurochemical markers demonstrate that the organization of this structure may be more complex than anticipated, due to the presence of extensive atypical formations. In conclusion, the relevance of traditional olfaction in a semi-aquatic species is raised, and the existence of an atypical pattern of integration of chemosensory information, opening the door to the possible existence of alternative models to the classically established ones for rodents.
Direction
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Sport horse doping.
Authorship
P.R.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
P.R.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Doping is the action of administrating drugs or stimulating substances to artificially enhance the organism’s capacity. In the equestrian field, it is used to increase the physical performance of the animal in order to reach certain results in the competition or to accelerate its recovery after an important effort. There are numerous organisms involved in the fight against doping and among them, the following stand out: the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) which is the supreme entity in charge of regulating doping in sport by elaborating the World Anti-Doping Programme, that includes the World Anti-Doping Code where the list of forbidden substances and methods are included, that states which of these can’t be used and when, as well as the list of controlled medication substances (substances which are usually used in equine medicine but that are supposed to be an advantage in competition). The legislation which regulates doping in Spain is the Equine Anti-Doping Regulation, that represents the commitments of the International Equine Federation and of the Royal Spanish Equine Federation with de World Anti-Doping Code and with the International Convention Against Doping of the UNESCO. There are many people responsible for ensuring that the rules are applied in an equestrian competition and the doping is avoided: the National Technical Committee of Judges (they interpret and apply the regulations), the Federative Delegate (a representative of the Royal Spanish Equine Federation in national competitions) and, without doubt, the figures of the veterinarians, who play a fundamental role in the anti-doping fight, both the Competition Veterinarian (responsible for the animal’s health) and the Veterinary Delegate (responsible for the supervision of the fulfilment of the rules as to the inspection of the horse). To detect doping, urine or blood samples are taken during the competitions, the results of which will determine possible sanctions.
Doping is the action of administrating drugs or stimulating substances to artificially enhance the organism’s capacity. In the equestrian field, it is used to increase the physical performance of the animal in order to reach certain results in the competition or to accelerate its recovery after an important effort. There are numerous organisms involved in the fight against doping and among them, the following stand out: the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) which is the supreme entity in charge of regulating doping in sport by elaborating the World Anti-Doping Programme, that includes the World Anti-Doping Code where the list of forbidden substances and methods are included, that states which of these can’t be used and when, as well as the list of controlled medication substances (substances which are usually used in equine medicine but that are supposed to be an advantage in competition). The legislation which regulates doping in Spain is the Equine Anti-Doping Regulation, that represents the commitments of the International Equine Federation and of the Royal Spanish Equine Federation with de World Anti-Doping Code and with the International Convention Against Doping of the UNESCO. There are many people responsible for ensuring that the rules are applied in an equestrian competition and the doping is avoided: the National Technical Committee of Judges (they interpret and apply the regulations), the Federative Delegate (a representative of the Royal Spanish Equine Federation in national competitions) and, without doubt, the figures of the veterinarians, who play a fundamental role in the anti-doping fight, both the Competition Veterinarian (responsible for the animal’s health) and the Veterinary Delegate (responsible for the supervision of the fulfilment of the rules as to the inspection of the horse). To detect doping, urine or blood samples are taken during the competitions, the results of which will determine possible sanctions.
Direction
FERNANDEZ TROCONIZ REVUELTA, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ TROCONIZ REVUELTA, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
Management of ornamental fish; Prevention and treatment of main pathologies.
Authorship
J.B.D.G.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
J.B.D.G.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
The aquarium hobby in Spain has taken a great impulse in the last years, with special interest in the species that come from tropical climate. We must understand the aquarium as an integrated ecosystem. In which, the correct quality of the water and the adequate selection of the inhabitants are the main guidelines to prevent the appearance of most of the pathologies. In this industry, it is worth mentioning the lack of information and experience on the part of the owners. This leads to a greater predisposition to pathologies, by exposing the specimens to inadequate conditions. In this work, we intend to compile the main pathologies present in tropical water aquariums and the study of water quality parameters and appropriate management guidelines based on the current trade. In addition, prevention, recognition and treatment strategies for the main pathologies that appear in aquariums will be assessed.
The aquarium hobby in Spain has taken a great impulse in the last years, with special interest in the species that come from tropical climate. We must understand the aquarium as an integrated ecosystem. In which, the correct quality of the water and the adequate selection of the inhabitants are the main guidelines to prevent the appearance of most of the pathologies. In this industry, it is worth mentioning the lack of information and experience on the part of the owners. This leads to a greater predisposition to pathologies, by exposing the specimens to inadequate conditions. In this work, we intend to compile the main pathologies present in tropical water aquariums and the study of water quality parameters and appropriate management guidelines based on the current trade. In addition, prevention, recognition and treatment strategies for the main pathologies that appear in aquariums will be assessed.
Direction
CASTILLO RODRÍGUEZ, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
CASTILLO RODRÍGUEZ, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
Myths and realities about grain-free diets for pets
Authorship
H.P.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
H.P.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
In recent years, companion animals have acquired a significant role within the family nucleus. Therefore, the need to take greater care of these has led to an increase in the popularity of non- traditional diets, among which are grain-free diets. This type of diet is characterized by presenting a carbohydrate source other than grain, usually legumes and tubers. The main aim of this work, is to conduct a review of the literature on grain-free diets to determine their validity as an alternative feeding option for pets. To this end, both the indications for this type of diet and the population for which it would be most favorable have been evaluated, as is the case of those who have health problems, as well as the contraindications or negative effects that may appear after repeated use of this type of diet, as is the case of cardiac disorders. After all this, it has been possible to conclude that the grain-free diet could be a good alternative to traditional diets, but that a more solid scientific basis would be valued for prescribing this diet.
In recent years, companion animals have acquired a significant role within the family nucleus. Therefore, the need to take greater care of these has led to an increase in the popularity of non- traditional diets, among which are grain-free diets. This type of diet is characterized by presenting a carbohydrate source other than grain, usually legumes and tubers. The main aim of this work, is to conduct a review of the literature on grain-free diets to determine their validity as an alternative feeding option for pets. To this end, both the indications for this type of diet and the population for which it would be most favorable have been evaluated, as is the case of those who have health problems, as well as the contraindications or negative effects that may appear after repeated use of this type of diet, as is the case of cardiac disorders. After all this, it has been possible to conclude that the grain-free diet could be a good alternative to traditional diets, but that a more solid scientific basis would be valued for prescribing this diet.
Direction
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ BERMÚDEZ, RUTH (Co-tutorships)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ BERMÚDEZ, RUTH (Co-tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Approah to pneumopathies in dogs using diagnostic imaging.
Authorship
R.P.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
R.P.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Canine pulmonary diseases are a common reason for consultation in small animal practice. Their wide range of clinical manifestations and the multitude of possible etiologies, some of which are still unknown or under-studied, make their diagnosis difficult becoming an important clinical challenge for veterinarians. Diagnostic imaging plays a fundamental role in guiding towards a differential diagnosis. Carrying out the different imaging modalities (radiography, ultrasound, or computed tomography) allows us to obtain, in a non-invasive manner, a more or less detailed and precise view of the patients’ lung lesions. However, these results are not usually diagnostic so a multidisciplinary approach is required to achieve a correct diagnosis. This work attempts to review articles published in the last 5 years to get updated information on the different available imaging tests, their main characteristics and the different findings in the different pneumopathies.
Canine pulmonary diseases are a common reason for consultation in small animal practice. Their wide range of clinical manifestations and the multitude of possible etiologies, some of which are still unknown or under-studied, make their diagnosis difficult becoming an important clinical challenge for veterinarians. Diagnostic imaging plays a fundamental role in guiding towards a differential diagnosis. Carrying out the different imaging modalities (radiography, ultrasound, or computed tomography) allows us to obtain, in a non-invasive manner, a more or less detailed and precise view of the patients’ lung lesions. However, these results are not usually diagnostic so a multidisciplinary approach is required to achieve a correct diagnosis. This work attempts to review articles published in the last 5 years to get updated information on the different available imaging tests, their main characteristics and the different findings in the different pneumopathies.
Direction
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Tutorships)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Co-tutorships)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Tutorships)
VILA PASTOR, MONICA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Review of the embryo transfer protocol in dairy cattle.
Authorship
U.G.D.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
U.G.D.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
Embryo transfer (ET) is an advanced biotechnology that has revolutionized reproduction and genetic improvement in dairy cattle. This paper examines the evolution, implementation and efficacy of ET in dairy cows, comparing it with artificial insemination (AI). ET allows to maintain high conception rates in high-producing cows and those with short intervals since calving, mitigating the negative effects of high production and heat stress on fertility. In addition, ET facilitates genetic improvement and biosecurity by minimizing the risk of disease transmission. The methodology of this review is based on a systematic literature search in academic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science, using specific keywords and rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the relevance and quality of the selected studies. In the presentation of the topic, the technical process of ET is detailed, including the superovulation of the donors, the collection and classification of embryos, and the synchronization of estrus in the recipients. The applications of ET, such as genetic improvement, breed conservation and biosafety optimization, as well as the technical and economic limitations associated with this biotechnology, are discussed. Finally, the conclusion highlight that, although ET offers significant advantages in terms of reproductive efficiency and biosecurity, it faces technical and ethical challenges that require careful management and continuous research to optimize its implementation in the dairy industry. Future recommendations include the development of more efficient and less invasive techniques.
Embryo transfer (ET) is an advanced biotechnology that has revolutionized reproduction and genetic improvement in dairy cattle. This paper examines the evolution, implementation and efficacy of ET in dairy cows, comparing it with artificial insemination (AI). ET allows to maintain high conception rates in high-producing cows and those with short intervals since calving, mitigating the negative effects of high production and heat stress on fertility. In addition, ET facilitates genetic improvement and biosecurity by minimizing the risk of disease transmission. The methodology of this review is based on a systematic literature search in academic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science, using specific keywords and rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the relevance and quality of the selected studies. In the presentation of the topic, the technical process of ET is detailed, including the superovulation of the donors, the collection and classification of embryos, and the synchronization of estrus in the recipients. The applications of ET, such as genetic improvement, breed conservation and biosafety optimization, as well as the technical and economic limitations associated with this biotechnology, are discussed. Finally, the conclusion highlight that, although ET offers significant advantages in terms of reproductive efficiency and biosecurity, it faces technical and ethical challenges that require careful management and continuous research to optimize its implementation in the dairy industry. Future recommendations include the development of more efficient and less invasive techniques.
Direction
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Tutorships)
Martínez Sanz, Héctor Miguel (Co-tutorships)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Tutorships)
Martínez Sanz, Héctor Miguel (Co-tutorships)
Court
DIAZ VIZCAINO, ELVIRA ANTONIA (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
DIAZ VIZCAINO, ELVIRA ANTONIA (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
Chronic inflammation: a key factor in cancer in dogs and cats
Authorship
P.M.J.
Bachelor in Veterinary
P.M.J.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
Chronic inflammation triggered by various causes can aggravate cancer progression. This literature review discusses the causes of chronic low-grade inflammation and the possible association with cancer in dogs and cats. Molecular mechanisms have been shown to connect chronic inflammation with cancer initiation and progression, at the same time certain inflammatory diseases present in dogs and cats are more predisposed to develop certain types of tumors. Some inflammatory diseases manifest insulin resistance, leading to hyperglycemia. This phenomenon is significant because of the impact it has on the animal's metabolism by also triggering inflammatory responses. All these causes can lead to cachexia syndrome, a multifactorial syndrome that involves loss of body weight, muscle wasting, anorexia and exhaustion, and is aggravated when inflammation persists and induces metabolic and catabolic changes.
Chronic inflammation triggered by various causes can aggravate cancer progression. This literature review discusses the causes of chronic low-grade inflammation and the possible association with cancer in dogs and cats. Molecular mechanisms have been shown to connect chronic inflammation with cancer initiation and progression, at the same time certain inflammatory diseases present in dogs and cats are more predisposed to develop certain types of tumors. Some inflammatory diseases manifest insulin resistance, leading to hyperglycemia. This phenomenon is significant because of the impact it has on the animal's metabolism by also triggering inflammatory responses. All these causes can lead to cachexia syndrome, a multifactorial syndrome that involves loss of body weight, muscle wasting, anorexia and exhaustion, and is aggravated when inflammation persists and induces metabolic and catabolic changes.
Direction
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Tutorships)
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Pulmonary stenosis in dogs: clinical cases treated by balloon valvuloplasty.
Authorship
N.A.T.
Bachelor in Veterinary
N.A.T.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
The present experimental work is based on the study of pulmonary stenosis (PS) in 22 cases resolved by balloon valvuloplasty. PS is one of the most common congenital heart defects (CHD) in dogs, representing between 10% and 20% of the total. It is characterized by a narrowing between the right ventricle (RV) and the pulmonary artery, which hinders blood flow and causes an overload of pressure on the ventricle that tries to be compensated by concentric hypertrophy. In addition, this alteration also leads to a reduction in blood flow at lung level. Echocardiography is the diagnostic tool that allows the defect to be morphologically identified and its severity graded by measuring the pressure gradient (PG). While patients with mild PS usually lead a normal life without the need for treatment, those with moderate to severe PS benefit from balloon valvuloplasty, considered the therapeutic approach of choice. With the aim of evaluating the effectiveness and short-term evolution of valvuloplasty, this work includes a retrospective review of clinical cases managed using this procedure, which complements the general bibliographic review on the pathology.
The present experimental work is based on the study of pulmonary stenosis (PS) in 22 cases resolved by balloon valvuloplasty. PS is one of the most common congenital heart defects (CHD) in dogs, representing between 10% and 20% of the total. It is characterized by a narrowing between the right ventricle (RV) and the pulmonary artery, which hinders blood flow and causes an overload of pressure on the ventricle that tries to be compensated by concentric hypertrophy. In addition, this alteration also leads to a reduction in blood flow at lung level. Echocardiography is the diagnostic tool that allows the defect to be morphologically identified and its severity graded by measuring the pressure gradient (PG). While patients with mild PS usually lead a normal life without the need for treatment, those with moderate to severe PS benefit from balloon valvuloplasty, considered the therapeutic approach of choice. With the aim of evaluating the effectiveness and short-term evolution of valvuloplasty, this work includes a retrospective review of clinical cases managed using this procedure, which complements the general bibliographic review on the pathology.
Direction
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Tutorships)
Santamarina Pernas, Germán (Co-tutorships)
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Tutorships)
Santamarina Pernas, Germán (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Actual situation of the aviar influenza and the role of wild birds
Authorship
B.A.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
B.A.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
The avian influenza virus (AIV) is a segmented single-stranded RNA virus, whose most outstanding characteristic is its high mutation rate. Its presence in bird populations dates back to the 19th century, and since that moment it has been the cause of important bird enzootics and human pandemics. Its high mutation rates make it a very adaptable virus to different host types, which facilitates its interspecific transmission from birds to mammals. Waterfowl and shorebirds are the virus’ natural reservoir, and as due to their migratory patterns these birds constitute the ideal vector for the global propagation of the agent. In the last four years emerged a new variant in the wild bird population, the A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b. It is considered a Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strain that affects clinically waterfowl (traditionally waterfowl didn’t show clinical signs when infected with AIV), and moreover it is starting cause a very serious illness with high mortality rates in mammals too, including some sporadic cases in humans. Because its spread and mutations imply a serious danger with regard to the wildlife biodiversity conservation, to the human health, and to the poultry sector, it is essential to face the actual problematics taking a “one health” approach. In this thesis a review about the main aspects of the virus is made, addressing several issues such as its Epidemiology, ethiology and clinical features, and its Prevention, all focused mainly in wild birds, but also mentioning in some cases mammals and human species.
The avian influenza virus (AIV) is a segmented single-stranded RNA virus, whose most outstanding characteristic is its high mutation rate. Its presence in bird populations dates back to the 19th century, and since that moment it has been the cause of important bird enzootics and human pandemics. Its high mutation rates make it a very adaptable virus to different host types, which facilitates its interspecific transmission from birds to mammals. Waterfowl and shorebirds are the virus’ natural reservoir, and as due to their migratory patterns these birds constitute the ideal vector for the global propagation of the agent. In the last four years emerged a new variant in the wild bird population, the A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b. It is considered a Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strain that affects clinically waterfowl (traditionally waterfowl didn’t show clinical signs when infected with AIV), and moreover it is starting cause a very serious illness with high mortality rates in mammals too, including some sporadic cases in humans. Because its spread and mutations imply a serious danger with regard to the wildlife biodiversity conservation, to the human health, and to the poultry sector, it is essential to face the actual problematics taking a “one health” approach. In this thesis a review about the main aspects of the virus is made, addressing several issues such as its Epidemiology, ethiology and clinical features, and its Prevention, all focused mainly in wild birds, but also mentioning in some cases mammals and human species.
Direction
LÓPEZ BECEIRO, ANA MARÍA (Tutorships)
LÓPEZ BECEIRO, ANA MARÍA (Tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Evaluation of the use of oral trazodone as a strategy to reduce anesthetic requirements in dogs.
Authorship
N.C.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
N.C.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.20.2024 09:00
06.20.2024 09:00
Summary
OBJECTIVE: Patient stress is an obstacle in the daily veterinary clinic. To manage it, there are drugs that help reduce signs of stress and anxiety and improve the patient's well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the positive effect that the use of an anxiolytic drug, trazodone, as part of premedication in routine surgical procedures can have. Evaluating whether it is possible to obtain a more stable anesthesia, whether the impact of the painful stimulus is reduced and whether there are no adverse effects that contraindicate its use in the surgical environment. METHOD: Prospective clinical study in 16 adult bitches in which scheduled ovariectomy was performed. Behavioral aspects were evaluated after the administration of trazodone (5 mg/kg) or placebo to the animals in each group (n=8). The level of sedation prior to induction and the dose of propofol required to proceed with orotracheal intubation were evaluated for both groups. The boluses of fentanyl (2.5 mcg/kg) required in response to surgical pain were evaluated, and heart rate (HR) and non-invasive blood pressures collected during the surgical procedure, along with other physiological parameters, were also evaluated comparatively between groups. RESULTS: For the presurgical stress scale: Trazodone Group 7.25 and Placebo Group 11.50. The results of the visual analog scale (VAS) were: Trazodone Group 4.37 and Placebo Group 6.00. The results of the reactivity evaluation form (REF) were: Trazodone Group 1.62 and Placebo Group 2.25. Vomiting after premedication: 62.5% in the Placebo Group and 25% in the Trazodone Group. In the preinduction sedation scale, the results were: Trazodone Group 10.37 and Placebo Group 8.12. The doses of propofol required were: Trazodone Groups 1.55 mg/kg and Placebo Group 2.13 mg/kg. Regarding analgesia, bolus requirements were: Trazodone Group 1.00 bolus and Placebo Group 1.37 boluses. There were no significant episodes of hypotension in either group. CONCLUSION: The use of oral trazodone administered 2 hours prior to arrival at the hospital for a scheduled surgery procedure does not produce alterations such as serotonin syndrome or intrasurgical hypotension, which contraindicate the use of the drug. Regarding the study group, despite no significant differences with the control group, a trend in the results is observed towards a report of benefits from the addition of this drug in the anesthetic protocol. In any case, to fully answer the main hypotheses, more studies are required and work with different doses and larger groups of animals.
OBJECTIVE: Patient stress is an obstacle in the daily veterinary clinic. To manage it, there are drugs that help reduce signs of stress and anxiety and improve the patient's well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the positive effect that the use of an anxiolytic drug, trazodone, as part of premedication in routine surgical procedures can have. Evaluating whether it is possible to obtain a more stable anesthesia, whether the impact of the painful stimulus is reduced and whether there are no adverse effects that contraindicate its use in the surgical environment. METHOD: Prospective clinical study in 16 adult bitches in which scheduled ovariectomy was performed. Behavioral aspects were evaluated after the administration of trazodone (5 mg/kg) or placebo to the animals in each group (n=8). The level of sedation prior to induction and the dose of propofol required to proceed with orotracheal intubation were evaluated for both groups. The boluses of fentanyl (2.5 mcg/kg) required in response to surgical pain were evaluated, and heart rate (HR) and non-invasive blood pressures collected during the surgical procedure, along with other physiological parameters, were also evaluated comparatively between groups. RESULTS: For the presurgical stress scale: Trazodone Group 7.25 and Placebo Group 11.50. The results of the visual analog scale (VAS) were: Trazodone Group 4.37 and Placebo Group 6.00. The results of the reactivity evaluation form (REF) were: Trazodone Group 1.62 and Placebo Group 2.25. Vomiting after premedication: 62.5% in the Placebo Group and 25% in the Trazodone Group. In the preinduction sedation scale, the results were: Trazodone Group 10.37 and Placebo Group 8.12. The doses of propofol required were: Trazodone Groups 1.55 mg/kg and Placebo Group 2.13 mg/kg. Regarding analgesia, bolus requirements were: Trazodone Group 1.00 bolus and Placebo Group 1.37 boluses. There were no significant episodes of hypotension in either group. CONCLUSION: The use of oral trazodone administered 2 hours prior to arrival at the hospital for a scheduled surgery procedure does not produce alterations such as serotonin syndrome or intrasurgical hypotension, which contraindicate the use of the drug. Regarding the study group, despite no significant differences with the control group, a trend in the results is observed towards a report of benefits from the addition of this drug in the anesthetic protocol. In any case, to fully answer the main hypotheses, more studies are required and work with different doses and larger groups of animals.
Direction
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Spawning of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): An Approach to Productive Losses and Associated Injuries.
Authorship
L.M.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.M.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.13.2024 09:00
09.13.2024 09:00
Summary
Modern aquaculture faces significant challenges in optimizing reproductive processes for commercial species such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the quest to improve profitability and sustainability, it is essential to address both the efficiency of egg production and animal welfare. In this context, the present work explores the impact of the pressure applied during abdominal massage spawning on the quantity of eggs extracted and the injuries observed in the fish. To carry out this study, a simple random sampling method was used, ensuring adequate and representative data. The results revealed that the pressure applied during spawning significantly influences both the quantity of eggs obtained and the severity of injuries in the trout. A moderate correlation was identified between the length and weight of the trout and the quantity of eggs extracted, highlighting the importance of these variables in the efficiency of the reproductive process. Additionally, the study examined alternative spawning techniques, such as abdominal incision, which could provide improvements in reducing egg losses and enhancing sustainability in aquaculture. The implementation of these alternative methods requires a detailed evaluation of the materials and techniques used, as well as a careful consideration of animal welfare to balance maximizing production with reducing damage and losses.
Modern aquaculture faces significant challenges in optimizing reproductive processes for commercial species such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the quest to improve profitability and sustainability, it is essential to address both the efficiency of egg production and animal welfare. In this context, the present work explores the impact of the pressure applied during abdominal massage spawning on the quantity of eggs extracted and the injuries observed in the fish. To carry out this study, a simple random sampling method was used, ensuring adequate and representative data. The results revealed that the pressure applied during spawning significantly influences both the quantity of eggs obtained and the severity of injuries in the trout. A moderate correlation was identified between the length and weight of the trout and the quantity of eggs extracted, highlighting the importance of these variables in the efficiency of the reproductive process. Additionally, the study examined alternative spawning techniques, such as abdominal incision, which could provide improvements in reducing egg losses and enhancing sustainability in aquaculture. The implementation of these alternative methods requires a detailed evaluation of the materials and techniques used, as well as a careful consideration of animal welfare to balance maximizing production with reducing damage and losses.
Direction
LOSADA GARCIA, ANA PAULA (Tutorships)
Sáez Acosta, Aida (Co-tutorships)
LOSADA GARCIA, ANA PAULA (Tutorships)
Sáez Acosta, Aida (Co-tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
Surgical management of humerus fractures in avian patients.
Authorship
R.L.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
R.L.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Bone fractures are among the most common pathologies in avian clinics, especially in wild birds. Specifically, the humerus is the bone that most frequently fractures and, at the same time, presents the greatest complications for treatment. The peculiar anatomy of bird bones makes it impossible to use osteosynthesis plates that are employed in mammals. Thus, orthopedic surgery has had to draw inspiration from other techniques for resolving fractures in birds, such as intramedullary pinning, external fixation, or a combination of both. After assessing the fracture and determining if surgical intervention is required, the correct choice of osteosynthesis technique and good postoperative management and follow-up will be crucial for the success of the treatment. This paper presents a literature review of the main techniques for resolving humeral fractures in birds and puts them into practice using cadavers to show the results through images and radiographs.
Bone fractures are among the most common pathologies in avian clinics, especially in wild birds. Specifically, the humerus is the bone that most frequently fractures and, at the same time, presents the greatest complications for treatment. The peculiar anatomy of bird bones makes it impossible to use osteosynthesis plates that are employed in mammals. Thus, orthopedic surgery has had to draw inspiration from other techniques for resolving fractures in birds, such as intramedullary pinning, external fixation, or a combination of both. After assessing the fracture and determining if surgical intervention is required, the correct choice of osteosynthesis technique and good postoperative management and follow-up will be crucial for the success of the treatment. This paper presents a literature review of the main techniques for resolving humeral fractures in birds and puts them into practice using cadavers to show the results through images and radiographs.
Direction
LÓPEZ BECEIRO, ANA MARÍA (Tutorships)
LÓPEZ BECEIRO, ANA MARÍA (Tutorships)
Court
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
ACL resolution using TTA-porous. Clinical preliminary study.
Authorship
H.C.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
H.C.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.20.2024 09:00
06.20.2024 09:00
Summary
The rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (RCrCL) is one of the most common orthopedic pathologies in dogs. This condition can cause intermittent lameness, inflammation, and pain due to joint instability. Although the exact etiology of RCrCL remains unknown, it is believed to be a multifactorial disease related to factors such as genetics, conformation, weight, age, and breed. In most cases, premature degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament has been observed as a common factor in affected patients. Treatments for this condition have evolved over time. Medical treatment is generally ineffective due to disease progression and joint degeneration. On the other hand, surgery is the preferred option for resolving RCrCL. Various surgical techniques have been developed over the years, although none of them are completely effective due to the presence of associated complications. This preliminary clinical study evaluated the feasibility of the TTA porous technique for treating anterior cruciate ligament rupture (CrCL). Additionally, the degree of ossification was classified in the images of the 15 patients who participated in the study, and relationships between RCrCL and variables such as sex, age, and weight were analyzed. The study included 16 surgeries in patients weighing more than 15 kg, who were skeletally mature and had no other pathologies besides ligament involvement. All surgeries followed the same surgical method and were performed by the same veterinarian. Latero-Lateral radiographies (LL) were taken before and after surgery, as well as one month after the intervention. The results showed a notable improvement in patients undergoing surgery, along with a slight neoformation of bone bridges in post-surgical radiographic studies. Furthermore, a trend towards greater ossification was observed in patients weighing more than 25 kg. However, additional research is required to better understand the relationships between postsurgical ossification, age, and sex in RCrCL cases.
The rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (RCrCL) is one of the most common orthopedic pathologies in dogs. This condition can cause intermittent lameness, inflammation, and pain due to joint instability. Although the exact etiology of RCrCL remains unknown, it is believed to be a multifactorial disease related to factors such as genetics, conformation, weight, age, and breed. In most cases, premature degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament has been observed as a common factor in affected patients. Treatments for this condition have evolved over time. Medical treatment is generally ineffective due to disease progression and joint degeneration. On the other hand, surgery is the preferred option for resolving RCrCL. Various surgical techniques have been developed over the years, although none of them are completely effective due to the presence of associated complications. This preliminary clinical study evaluated the feasibility of the TTA porous technique for treating anterior cruciate ligament rupture (CrCL). Additionally, the degree of ossification was classified in the images of the 15 patients who participated in the study, and relationships between RCrCL and variables such as sex, age, and weight were analyzed. The study included 16 surgeries in patients weighing more than 15 kg, who were skeletally mature and had no other pathologies besides ligament involvement. All surgeries followed the same surgical method and were performed by the same veterinarian. Latero-Lateral radiographies (LL) were taken before and after surgery, as well as one month after the intervention. The results showed a notable improvement in patients undergoing surgery, along with a slight neoformation of bone bridges in post-surgical radiographic studies. Furthermore, a trend towards greater ossification was observed in patients weighing more than 25 kg. However, additional research is required to better understand the relationships between postsurgical ossification, age, and sex in RCrCL cases.
Direction
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
GARCIA GONZALEZ, MARIO (Co-tutorships)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
GARCIA GONZALEZ, MARIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Epidural anesthesia in dogs
Authorship
A.S.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.S.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The terms epidural and extradural anesthesia are synonymous and refer to the deposition of anesthetic or analgesic drugs in the epidural space. Epidural anesthesia is frequently used in the performance of surgical procedures caudal to the umbilicus. It is also useful as an analgesia technique in hospitalization and postoperative situations. Knowledge of the anatomy represents one of the keys to the success of the technique. In this sense, several possibilities of approach to the epidural space have been determined, currently predominating the injections at sacrococcygeal and lumbosacral levels. One of the most important steps in the procedure is to check the injection site and thus ensure that when the drug is administered, it will be directed to the epidural space. Injection site testing has evolved and today a greater degree of objectivity has been achieved in the criteria for performing the technique. The last requirement for good epidural anesthesia is the appropriate use of pharmacology. The most frequently used drugs are opioids, local anesthetics, dissociative anesthetics, alpha-2 agonists, and their possible combinations.
The terms epidural and extradural anesthesia are synonymous and refer to the deposition of anesthetic or analgesic drugs in the epidural space. Epidural anesthesia is frequently used in the performance of surgical procedures caudal to the umbilicus. It is also useful as an analgesia technique in hospitalization and postoperative situations. Knowledge of the anatomy represents one of the keys to the success of the technique. In this sense, several possibilities of approach to the epidural space have been determined, currently predominating the injections at sacrococcygeal and lumbosacral levels. One of the most important steps in the procedure is to check the injection site and thus ensure that when the drug is administered, it will be directed to the epidural space. Injection site testing has evolved and today a greater degree of objectivity has been achieved in the criteria for performing the technique. The last requirement for good epidural anesthesia is the appropriate use of pharmacology. The most frequently used drugs are opioids, local anesthetics, dissociative anesthetics, alpha-2 agonists, and their possible combinations.
Direction
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Characterization of the carcasses obtained in the PGI Ternera Gallega
Authorship
R.N.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
R.N.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.13.2024 09:00
09.13.2024 09:00
Summary
The production of beef cattle in Spain stands out as a livestock activity of great relevance. Galicia plays an important role in this sector, not only due to its significant rural population but also because of its wide diversity, featuring numerous native breeds characteristic of the region, as well as its abundant forage resources and favorable climatic conditions. In this region, the presence of the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) Ternera Gallega is noteworthy. This organization is responsible for the protection, differentiation, and promotion of beef whose production cycle is entirely completed in Galicia, with its own certification system for guarantee and quality, supported by European Union legislation. To be marketed under this designation, animals must meet certain requirements and standards, such as belonging to the breeds authorized by this organization. These include the Rubia Gallega and the Morenas Gallegas, as well as crosses of these or other breeds permitted for this purpose, such as the Asturiana de los Valles, Limousin, or Blonde d'Aquitaine. In the following work, a compilation and study of some of the main productive indicators of 29,667 calves registered within the PGI Ternera Gallega for the year 2023 were conducted. They were divided into age groups according to their slaughter: between 8-12 months and between 270-285 days. In this way, the effect of the breed, both maternal and that of the calf itself, on these indicators could be evaluated, as well as the influence of the production system, type of farm, or the commercial category granted by the PGI. The results obtained serve as a reference point and basis for further studies, in which it is advisable to increase the sample size, expand the variables to be studied, or analyze more qualitative factors. It is observed that, in general, the breeds permitted within the PGI show more favorable growth and weight results for more extensive farms, as opposed to the intensive model. Additionally, it has been noted that the Morenas Gallegas seem to yield favorable results for the intensive or feedlot system, particularly excelling in terms of fattening, which could lead to new breeding strategies for these breeds.
The production of beef cattle in Spain stands out as a livestock activity of great relevance. Galicia plays an important role in this sector, not only due to its significant rural population but also because of its wide diversity, featuring numerous native breeds characteristic of the region, as well as its abundant forage resources and favorable climatic conditions. In this region, the presence of the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) Ternera Gallega is noteworthy. This organization is responsible for the protection, differentiation, and promotion of beef whose production cycle is entirely completed in Galicia, with its own certification system for guarantee and quality, supported by European Union legislation. To be marketed under this designation, animals must meet certain requirements and standards, such as belonging to the breeds authorized by this organization. These include the Rubia Gallega and the Morenas Gallegas, as well as crosses of these or other breeds permitted for this purpose, such as the Asturiana de los Valles, Limousin, or Blonde d'Aquitaine. In the following work, a compilation and study of some of the main productive indicators of 29,667 calves registered within the PGI Ternera Gallega for the year 2023 were conducted. They were divided into age groups according to their slaughter: between 8-12 months and between 270-285 days. In this way, the effect of the breed, both maternal and that of the calf itself, on these indicators could be evaluated, as well as the influence of the production system, type of farm, or the commercial category granted by the PGI. The results obtained serve as a reference point and basis for further studies, in which it is advisable to increase the sample size, expand the variables to be studied, or analyze more qualitative factors. It is observed that, in general, the breeds permitted within the PGI show more favorable growth and weight results for more extensive farms, as opposed to the intensive model. Additionally, it has been noted that the Morenas Gallegas seem to yield favorable results for the intensive or feedlot system, particularly excelling in terms of fattening, which could lead to new breeding strategies for these breeds.
Direction
RODRÍGUEZ BERMÚDEZ, RUTH (Tutorships)
Gende Barbeito, Juan Antonio (Co-tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ BERMÚDEZ, RUTH (Tutorships)
Gende Barbeito, Juan Antonio (Co-tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
Snake head: anatomy and related aspects
Authorship
C.R.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.R.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
Snakes or ophidians are animals characterized by their elongated body, covered with scales and resistant skin, which is periodically renewed through the process of moulting or ecdysis. In the latter, the most superficial layer of the epidermis is shed, which takes place several times a year. They have a powerful musculature and a very flexible skull, formed by small, lightweight bones, which also partially articulate with each other. This characteristic is essential to allow the ingestion of large prey. Numerous structures are found in the oral cavity, which may vary between species. Four types of dentition are described in snakes, depending on the presence or absence, development and location of the fangs. They possess numerous salivary glands, with the venom gland prominent in venomous species. They also have taste buds that, together with the tongue and its movements, cooperate with the vomeronasal organ. Their nervous system is anatomically similar to that of mammals, although less developed and with some exceptions. Regarding the sense organs, several of them are similar to those of mammals and others are completely different and unique. The sense of sight is not highly developed, but in some species it is complemented by several thermoreceptor organs, to detect warm-blooded prey. They also have the vomeronasal organ, highly developed in ophidians, which, coordinated with the forked tongue, detects particles in suspension in the environment that will trigger different behaviours related to their survival. Snakes lack an outer and middle ear. However, they are able to detect vibratory stimuli transmitted by the substrate in contact with the head. Finally, another sense that is still under investigation is that of geolocation, in which some of the aforementioned senses have also been found to be involved.
Snakes or ophidians are animals characterized by their elongated body, covered with scales and resistant skin, which is periodically renewed through the process of moulting or ecdysis. In the latter, the most superficial layer of the epidermis is shed, which takes place several times a year. They have a powerful musculature and a very flexible skull, formed by small, lightweight bones, which also partially articulate with each other. This characteristic is essential to allow the ingestion of large prey. Numerous structures are found in the oral cavity, which may vary between species. Four types of dentition are described in snakes, depending on the presence or absence, development and location of the fangs. They possess numerous salivary glands, with the venom gland prominent in venomous species. They also have taste buds that, together with the tongue and its movements, cooperate with the vomeronasal organ. Their nervous system is anatomically similar to that of mammals, although less developed and with some exceptions. Regarding the sense organs, several of them are similar to those of mammals and others are completely different and unique. The sense of sight is not highly developed, but in some species it is complemented by several thermoreceptor organs, to detect warm-blooded prey. They also have the vomeronasal organ, highly developed in ophidians, which, coordinated with the forked tongue, detects particles in suspension in the environment that will trigger different behaviours related to their survival. Snakes lack an outer and middle ear. However, they are able to detect vibratory stimuli transmitted by the substrate in contact with the head. Finally, another sense that is still under investigation is that of geolocation, in which some of the aforementioned senses have also been found to be involved.
Direction
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Tutorships)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
The vomeronasal system of the Leopard Gecko Eublepharis macularius
Authorship
A.G.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.G.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
Geckos are small, mostly omnivorous lizards with a wide distribution, found on every continent except Antarctica. They belong to the infraorder Gekkota and are found in warm climates around the world. Their size ranges from 1.6 to 60 cm. They are one of the most popular reptiles, and in recent years have become a common pet among herpetologists. Geckos are very unique animals, as, in addition to their vocalization system - unique in the world of lizards -, they have excellent vision and can traverse vertical surfaces with great skill thanks to the adhesive pads on their feet. Despite the importance that chemocommunication plays in the physiology and behavior of reptiles, there is very little information about the vomeronasal system of geckos. This system is responsible for capturing and integrating sensory information carried in the semiochemicals produced by animals. Therefore, using the Leopard Gecko Eublepharis macularius as a model, we have approached the study of the organization and structure of the anatomical formations involved in the capture of pheromones in the Gekkonidae. The techniques used are those of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy: macro and microdissection, histological staining, immunohistochemical techniques, lectin labeling, etc. The performance of serial histological sections allowed us to verify the presence in the nasal region of the gecko of a well-developed vomeronasal organ (VNO), formed by a bilateral neuroreceptor structure with a mushroom shape. Both VNOS have functional communication with the oral cavity. Additionally, the nasal cavity presents a sensory epithelium of lesser thickness that covers its lateral walls and roofs, as well as the turbinates. The vomeronasal and olfactory nerves lead to the olfactory bulb, which shows less development, with minimal histological definition of its layers and cellular elements. The immunohistochemical study allowed for the characterization of the vomeronasal and olfactory epithelium, confirming the presence, in the vomeronasal epithelium, of the expression of Gai2 and ao proteins. These proteins are associated with the expression of vomeronasal receptors, implying that the organ is specialized in this function. Other neural and epithelial markers confirmed the functionality of the system. In conclusion, the gecko of the species Eublepharis macularius is equipped with a highly sophisticated vomeronasal system, with an advanced degree of morphological development and morphofunctional differentiation, perfectly equipped for the detection of chemical signals.
Geckos are small, mostly omnivorous lizards with a wide distribution, found on every continent except Antarctica. They belong to the infraorder Gekkota and are found in warm climates around the world. Their size ranges from 1.6 to 60 cm. They are one of the most popular reptiles, and in recent years have become a common pet among herpetologists. Geckos are very unique animals, as, in addition to their vocalization system - unique in the world of lizards -, they have excellent vision and can traverse vertical surfaces with great skill thanks to the adhesive pads on their feet. Despite the importance that chemocommunication plays in the physiology and behavior of reptiles, there is very little information about the vomeronasal system of geckos. This system is responsible for capturing and integrating sensory information carried in the semiochemicals produced by animals. Therefore, using the Leopard Gecko Eublepharis macularius as a model, we have approached the study of the organization and structure of the anatomical formations involved in the capture of pheromones in the Gekkonidae. The techniques used are those of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy: macro and microdissection, histological staining, immunohistochemical techniques, lectin labeling, etc. The performance of serial histological sections allowed us to verify the presence in the nasal region of the gecko of a well-developed vomeronasal organ (VNO), formed by a bilateral neuroreceptor structure with a mushroom shape. Both VNOS have functional communication with the oral cavity. Additionally, the nasal cavity presents a sensory epithelium of lesser thickness that covers its lateral walls and roofs, as well as the turbinates. The vomeronasal and olfactory nerves lead to the olfactory bulb, which shows less development, with minimal histological definition of its layers and cellular elements. The immunohistochemical study allowed for the characterization of the vomeronasal and olfactory epithelium, confirming the presence, in the vomeronasal epithelium, of the expression of Gai2 and ao proteins. These proteins are associated with the expression of vomeronasal receptors, implying that the organ is specialized in this function. Other neural and epithelial markers confirmed the functionality of the system. In conclusion, the gecko of the species Eublepharis macularius is equipped with a highly sophisticated vomeronasal system, with an advanced degree of morphological development and morphofunctional differentiation, perfectly equipped for the detection of chemical signals.
Direction
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
Morphological characterization of the working mastiff in Galicia
Authorship
S.B.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.B.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.20.2024 09:00
06.20.2024 09:00
Summary
Working dogs have assisted humans in a multitude of tasks. Among these, guarding and defending with livestock guardian dogs is probably the oldest job. In Spain, the main protective figure for sheep is the Spanish Mastiff. Currently, there are two lines for this breed. On the one hand, kennel mastiffs, which follow the criteria established by the Spanish Mastiff breed standard (FCI N 91). And, on the other hand, working mastiffs, present in some regions of the country where pastoralism is preserved, without a clearly stipulated structure. In this work, a morphological characterization is carried out in 73 working mastiffs from Galicia using 17 morphological measurements. In turn, the type of herd where the mastiffs are found and the percentage of the study population that complies with the main proportions established by the standard are analysed. Approximately 70 of the mastiffs were located in herds where extensive management is carried out, composed of a single species and composed for 150 animals. Regarding the morphological characterization, a marked sexual dimorphism was observed in most of the variables. In the correlation study of the variables, 47,06percent of them showed a correlation coefficient greater than or equal 0.33. The cluster dendrogram, calculated through morphological measurements, determined 10 population groups. Finally, the animals of this study are not meet to most of the proportions required by the current breed model. The results obtained reflect significant genetic variability and the absence of a selection criterion. Therefore, it would be convenient to carry
Working dogs have assisted humans in a multitude of tasks. Among these, guarding and defending with livestock guardian dogs is probably the oldest job. In Spain, the main protective figure for sheep is the Spanish Mastiff. Currently, there are two lines for this breed. On the one hand, kennel mastiffs, which follow the criteria established by the Spanish Mastiff breed standard (FCI N 91). And, on the other hand, working mastiffs, present in some regions of the country where pastoralism is preserved, without a clearly stipulated structure. In this work, a morphological characterization is carried out in 73 working mastiffs from Galicia using 17 morphological measurements. In turn, the type of herd where the mastiffs are found and the percentage of the study population that complies with the main proportions established by the standard are analysed. Approximately 70 of the mastiffs were located in herds where extensive management is carried out, composed of a single species and composed for 150 animals. Regarding the morphological characterization, a marked sexual dimorphism was observed in most of the variables. In the correlation study of the variables, 47,06percent of them showed a correlation coefficient greater than or equal 0.33. The cluster dendrogram, calculated through morphological measurements, determined 10 population groups. Finally, the animals of this study are not meet to most of the proportions required by the current breed model. The results obtained reflect significant genetic variability and the absence of a selection criterion. Therefore, it would be convenient to carry
Direction
RODRÍGUEZ BERMÚDEZ, RUTH (Tutorships)
Alibés Biosca, Joan (Co-tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ BERMÚDEZ, RUTH (Tutorships)
Alibés Biosca, Joan (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Greenhouse Gas emissions derived from the meat production of Ternera Gallega Suprema
Authorship
L.G.I.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.G.I.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Beef production is an important source of Greenhouse Gas emissions. Galicia is a region where this production is elevated, and most of it is marketed under the protection of the Indicación Xeográfica Protexida Ternera Gallega. This research was carried out to determine the emissions derived from the production of Ternera Gallega Suprema, studying whether there are differences in them depending on the management system of the farms. Two different calculation methods were used, GLEAM and CAP'2ER, both based on Life Cycle Assessment. After the results were obtained, it was found that there were no significant differences in emissions according to the farm management system, but there were differences according to the calculation method used.
Beef production is an important source of Greenhouse Gas emissions. Galicia is a region where this production is elevated, and most of it is marketed under the protection of the Indicación Xeográfica Protexida Ternera Gallega. This research was carried out to determine the emissions derived from the production of Ternera Gallega Suprema, studying whether there are differences in them depending on the management system of the farms. Two different calculation methods were used, GLEAM and CAP'2ER, both based on Life Cycle Assessment. After the results were obtained, it was found that there were no significant differences in emissions according to the farm management system, but there were differences according to the calculation method used.
Direction
RODRÍGUEZ BERMÚDEZ, RUTH (Tutorships)
Alibés Biosca, Joan (Co-tutorships)
Gende Barbeito, Juan Antonio (Co-tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ BERMÚDEZ, RUTH (Tutorships)
Alibés Biosca, Joan (Co-tutorships)
Gende Barbeito, Juan Antonio (Co-tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Morphometric study of eggs and embryos of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authorship
C.M.T.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.M.T.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.13.2024 09:00
09.13.2024 09:00
Summary
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) belongs to the salmonid family, and in 2022, over 100 Spanish facilities depended on its production. In 2023, more than 16.000 tons of this fish were produced in Spain, with Galicia being the second autonomous community with the highest production. The production of trout begins with the incubation of embryonic eggs in increasingly controlled environments, with studies on variations in factors such as temperature or oxygen during incubation being common, however, there is no established consensus among researchers on the processes that occur during the embryonic development of this species. The morphometric studies of rainbow trout embryonic development are scarce but interesting for increasing the level of technological advancement in production centers. This study, different measurements were taken of both trout eggs and embryos. Statistical analysis of the results revealed linear relationships between some variables and incubation time.
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) belongs to the salmonid family, and in 2022, over 100 Spanish facilities depended on its production. In 2023, more than 16.000 tons of this fish were produced in Spain, with Galicia being the second autonomous community with the highest production. The production of trout begins with the incubation of embryonic eggs in increasingly controlled environments, with studies on variations in factors such as temperature or oxygen during incubation being common, however, there is no established consensus among researchers on the processes that occur during the embryonic development of this species. The morphometric studies of rainbow trout embryonic development are scarce but interesting for increasing the level of technological advancement in production centers. This study, different measurements were taken of both trout eggs and embryos. Statistical analysis of the results revealed linear relationships between some variables and incubation time.
Direction
QUIROGA BERDEAL, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA DE (Co-tutorships)
QUIROGA BERDEAL, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA DE (Co-tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
An anatomical and radiological study of the head region of a Sowerby beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens) stranded on the Galician coast.
Authorship
M.R.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.R.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The Sowerby’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens) is a toothed whale of the Ziphiidae family and one of the four mesoplodonts that inhabit the deep waters of the North Atlantic. Very few have the opportunity to observe this species in its natural environment and, therefore, information about its anatomy and biology is scarce and comes mostly from stranded specimens. In this work, anatomical and radiological techniques have been combined to describe in detail the anatomy of the cephalic region of a subadult male Sowerby’s beaked whale stranded in Coruña, Spain in May 2021 with the aim of expanding the knowledge about this specie and thus contributing to its conservation. We pay special attention to those organs involved in the emission and reception of acoustic signals that allow these animals to inhabit areas unreachable for most marine mammals. In the results, we show structures such as the air sac complex, an independent anterior spermaceti organ immediately caudal to the melon, morphological characteristics of the skull, and the first computed tomography images of the head of a Sowerby’s beaked whale. Finally, all the information collected in the meticulous dissection, the osteological study, and the interpretation of the radiological images are discussed and compared with the limited studies published on the anatomy of this region in beaked whales.
The Sowerby’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens) is a toothed whale of the Ziphiidae family and one of the four mesoplodonts that inhabit the deep waters of the North Atlantic. Very few have the opportunity to observe this species in its natural environment and, therefore, information about its anatomy and biology is scarce and comes mostly from stranded specimens. In this work, anatomical and radiological techniques have been combined to describe in detail the anatomy of the cephalic region of a subadult male Sowerby’s beaked whale stranded in Coruña, Spain in May 2021 with the aim of expanding the knowledge about this specie and thus contributing to its conservation. We pay special attention to those organs involved in the emission and reception of acoustic signals that allow these animals to inhabit areas unreachable for most marine mammals. In the results, we show structures such as the air sac complex, an independent anterior spermaceti organ immediately caudal to the melon, morphological characteristics of the skull, and the first computed tomography images of the head of a Sowerby’s beaked whale. Finally, all the information collected in the meticulous dissection, the osteological study, and the interpretation of the radiological images are discussed and compared with the limited studies published on the anatomy of this region in beaked whales.
Direction
ALEMAÑ POSADAS, NURIA VICENTA (Tutorships)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Co-tutorships)
ALEMAÑ POSADAS, NURIA VICENTA (Tutorships)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Feline lymphoma. Classification, characteristics and general aspects.
Authorship
M.T.T.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.T.T.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Lymphoma is the most common haematopoietic malignancy in feline medicine, arising from cells of the immune system, specifically lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. These cells can mainly affect organs such as the spleen, liver and gastrointestinal system. However, it can occur in various locations such as the nasal cavity or the central nervous system. This leads to an anatomical classification of the disease, which is the most commonly used in feline medicine. Feline alimentary lymphoma mainly affects the gastrointestinal tract, liver and spleen, with collateral involvement of the mesenteric lymph nodes. Feline extranodal lymphoma comprises a large number of locations resulting in anatomical subclassification, including renal, nasal, central nervous system, pericardial/cardiac, pharyngeal/laryngeal/tracheal, cutaneous, ocular and tympanic bulla lymphoma. Mediastinal feline lymphoma, as the name suggests, affects the mediastinum, while multicentric feline lymphoma affects lymph nodes distributed throughout the body. Diagnosis is mainly made on the basis of cytology and imaging tests. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice, followed by surgery and radiotherapy
Lymphoma is the most common haematopoietic malignancy in feline medicine, arising from cells of the immune system, specifically lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. These cells can mainly affect organs such as the spleen, liver and gastrointestinal system. However, it can occur in various locations such as the nasal cavity or the central nervous system. This leads to an anatomical classification of the disease, which is the most commonly used in feline medicine. Feline alimentary lymphoma mainly affects the gastrointestinal tract, liver and spleen, with collateral involvement of the mesenteric lymph nodes. Feline extranodal lymphoma comprises a large number of locations resulting in anatomical subclassification, including renal, nasal, central nervous system, pericardial/cardiac, pharyngeal/laryngeal/tracheal, cutaneous, ocular and tympanic bulla lymphoma. Mediastinal feline lymphoma, as the name suggests, affects the mediastinum, while multicentric feline lymphoma affects lymph nodes distributed throughout the body. Diagnosis is mainly made on the basis of cytology and imaging tests. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice, followed by surgery and radiotherapy
Direction
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Tutorships)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
The wildlife as a sentinel in the perspective of one health (ONE HEALTH)
Authorship
F.M.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
F.M.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
The philosophy of One Health is based on the collaboration of different agents belonging to diverse disciplines, seeking to work together to address various issues related to improving global health (human, animal, and environmental health) due to the idea that human, animal, and environmental health are interdependent. Wildlife plays a fundamental role in this concept, as these animals can act as reservoirs or disseminators of pathogens or antimicrobial resistance. The importance of responsible use of antimicrobials is highlighted, as a large proportion of deaths today are attributable to these resistances that are transmitted by bacteria to humans through the environment or the food chain. In this review, the different existing plans aimed at promoting the health status of wild animals are analyzed (including the National Plan for Wildlife Health Surveillance, carried out by the MAPA), as well as the lines of action to reduce the risk of selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (through the National Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance), which are points of vital importance to public health. Finally, some possible alternatives to improve wildlife surveillance programs are proposed, such as increasing the frequency of sampling and developing new diagnostic techniques. Likewise, strategies to address the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, such as raising awareness among the population to avoid unnecessary use, are also proposed.
The philosophy of One Health is based on the collaboration of different agents belonging to diverse disciplines, seeking to work together to address various issues related to improving global health (human, animal, and environmental health) due to the idea that human, animal, and environmental health are interdependent. Wildlife plays a fundamental role in this concept, as these animals can act as reservoirs or disseminators of pathogens or antimicrobial resistance. The importance of responsible use of antimicrobials is highlighted, as a large proportion of deaths today are attributable to these resistances that are transmitted by bacteria to humans through the environment or the food chain. In this review, the different existing plans aimed at promoting the health status of wild animals are analyzed (including the National Plan for Wildlife Health Surveillance, carried out by the MAPA), as well as the lines of action to reduce the risk of selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (through the National Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance), which are points of vital importance to public health. Finally, some possible alternatives to improve wildlife surveillance programs are proposed, such as increasing the frequency of sampling and developing new diagnostic techniques. Likewise, strategies to address the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, such as raising awareness among the population to avoid unnecessary use, are also proposed.
Direction
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENIÑO, ISIDRO (Co-tutorships)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENIÑO, ISIDRO (Co-tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
Regenerative grazing: a promising model for livestock farms?
Authorship
A.M.B.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.M.B.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:30
09.13.2024 10:30
Summary
In this study, a bibliographic review has been carried out on regenerative grazing, showing different models or philosophies that exist to put it into practice. Regenerative grazing is an agricultural practice that uses soil health and adaptive livestock management principles to improve agricultural profitability, human and ecosystem health, and food system resilience. This is an alternative model to the conventional system that does not seek the short-term objective as occurs in the latter, but rather seeks to improve the profitability and quality of food products through soil regeneration and improvement of ecosystem services. Furthermore, in this study the different benefits and limitations of this regenerative management will be analyzed with data obtained from recent studies consulted. And finally, the practical case of a livestock farm in Galicia that uses regenerative grazing in all its animals will be presented. In conclusion, regenerative grazing can be a good alternative for farm management in livestock production. This system can improve the soil and ecosystem services while obtaining food products in a profitable and sustainable way, as long as it is adapted to the conditions of each livestock farm and there is knowledge of all the processes involved in this type of management.
In this study, a bibliographic review has been carried out on regenerative grazing, showing different models or philosophies that exist to put it into practice. Regenerative grazing is an agricultural practice that uses soil health and adaptive livestock management principles to improve agricultural profitability, human and ecosystem health, and food system resilience. This is an alternative model to the conventional system that does not seek the short-term objective as occurs in the latter, but rather seeks to improve the profitability and quality of food products through soil regeneration and improvement of ecosystem services. Furthermore, in this study the different benefits and limitations of this regenerative management will be analyzed with data obtained from recent studies consulted. And finally, the practical case of a livestock farm in Galicia that uses regenerative grazing in all its animals will be presented. In conclusion, regenerative grazing can be a good alternative for farm management in livestock production. This system can improve the soil and ecosystem services while obtaining food products in a profitable and sustainable way, as long as it is adapted to the conditions of each livestock farm and there is knowledge of all the processes involved in this type of management.
Direction
RODRÍGUEZ BERMÚDEZ, RUTH (Tutorships)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ BERMÚDEZ, RUTH (Tutorships)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Physiological and Clinical Aspects of reticular groove in cattle
Authorship
B.A.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
B.A.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.20.2024 09:00
06.20.2024 09:00
Summary
The esophageal leak is a structure of significant importance in the lactating calf that allows the direct passage of milk to the abomasum allowing a correct absorption of nutrients and avoiding an unwanted rumen fermentation. This literature review addresses the relevance and functioning of the esophageal leak in lactating ruminants, exploring how this structure is crucial for milk digestion, and analyzes the morphology and function of the unguiculifrom papillae, highlighting their role as a filtering barrier. It also identifies various causes of failure in the closure of this structure and describes the grave consequences of insufficient closure. The numerous factors that stimulate the closure of the esophageal leak are investigated, including physical, chemical and behavioral stimuli, as well as the influence of other substances including vasopressin, specific salts and acetaminophen. The control of the closure reflex of this structure is positioned as a valuable tool that can influence the efficacy of treatments, highlighting its clinical and therapeutic relevance.
The esophageal leak is a structure of significant importance in the lactating calf that allows the direct passage of milk to the abomasum allowing a correct absorption of nutrients and avoiding an unwanted rumen fermentation. This literature review addresses the relevance and functioning of the esophageal leak in lactating ruminants, exploring how this structure is crucial for milk digestion, and analyzes the morphology and function of the unguiculifrom papillae, highlighting their role as a filtering barrier. It also identifies various causes of failure in the closure of this structure and describes the grave consequences of insufficient closure. The numerous factors that stimulate the closure of the esophageal leak are investigated, including physical, chemical and behavioral stimuli, as well as the influence of other substances including vasopressin, specific salts and acetaminophen. The control of the closure reflex of this structure is positioned as a valuable tool that can influence the efficacy of treatments, highlighting its clinical and therapeutic relevance.
Direction
FIDALGO ALVAREZ, LUIS EUSEBIO (Tutorships)
FIDALGO ALVAREZ, LUIS EUSEBIO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Exposure of Galician dogs to L. infantum in the period 2018-2022
Authorship
E.D.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
E.D.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, whose biological vector is the phlebotomine sand fly. The main domestic reservoir is the dog, which makes it difficult to control and monitor the high percentage of subclinical infections in non-endemic areas. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the influence of individual, environmental and spatial risk factors on the exposure of dogs to L. infantum and the current seroprevalence in Galicia (Spain), region not considered at high risk, except in the southern zone due to the high presence of P. perniciosus and P. ariasi. In order to achieve this, during the period 2018-2022, 454 serological sample from veterinary clinics in the four Galician provinces were analyzed using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), obtaining an overall seropositivity of 8.37% (Ourense: 12.37%, A Coruña: 9.84%, Lugo: 8.21%, Pontevedra: 3.96%). In the analysis of the epidemiological variables, sex, age (less 3 yr) and breed of animals were significantly associated, as well as the environment of residence, climate and season. On the other side, no statistical significance was found with altitude. In addition, the present investigation showed a decrease in seroprevalence with the over the years. This suggests the high effectiveness and importance of the use of preventive measures, such as antiparasitic collars, in dogs; also highlighting the value of implementing health surveillance programs in non-endemic areas.
Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, whose biological vector is the phlebotomine sand fly. The main domestic reservoir is the dog, which makes it difficult to control and monitor the high percentage of subclinical infections in non-endemic areas. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the influence of individual, environmental and spatial risk factors on the exposure of dogs to L. infantum and the current seroprevalence in Galicia (Spain), region not considered at high risk, except in the southern zone due to the high presence of P. perniciosus and P. ariasi. In order to achieve this, during the period 2018-2022, 454 serological sample from veterinary clinics in the four Galician provinces were analyzed using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), obtaining an overall seropositivity of 8.37% (Ourense: 12.37%, A Coruña: 9.84%, Lugo: 8.21%, Pontevedra: 3.96%). In the analysis of the epidemiological variables, sex, age (less 3 yr) and breed of animals were significantly associated, as well as the environment of residence, climate and season. On the other side, no statistical significance was found with altitude. In addition, the present investigation showed a decrease in seroprevalence with the over the years. This suggests the high effectiveness and importance of the use of preventive measures, such as antiparasitic collars, in dogs; also highlighting the value of implementing health surveillance programs in non-endemic areas.
Direction
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Tutorships)
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Impact of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida on the health of turbot: A morphopathological and immunohistochemical study.
Authorship
P.C.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
P.C.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
The present study investigates the impact of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida on the health of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a fish of great importance in Galician aquaculture. Furunculosis, a disease caused by this bacterium, is characterized by causing skin lesions and behavioral changes, particularly under stressful conditions such as high temperatures and poor water quality. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the impact of A. salmonicida on turbot through morphopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, to identify the lesions caused by the infection, and to analyze the distribution of bacterial antigens in different organs of the turbot. The methodology included the collection of infected turbot and the processing of samples for histological studies. Microscope observation of samples and immunohistochemical techniques to detect bacterial antigens. Macroscopic findings revealed visible lesions such as exophthalmos, skin nodules, and nodules in the spleen. Microscopic analyses showed significant tissue damage in organs such as the heart, gills, skin, and digestive system. Additionally, A. salmonicida antigens were mainly located in areas affected by skin lesions and internal organs. In conclusion, infection by A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida has a severe impact on the health of turbot, causing significant lesions that can be identified both macroscopically and microscopically. Immunohistochemistry proved to be a useful tool for detecting the presence and distribution of the bacterium in infected tissues.
The present study investigates the impact of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida on the health of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a fish of great importance in Galician aquaculture. Furunculosis, a disease caused by this bacterium, is characterized by causing skin lesions and behavioral changes, particularly under stressful conditions such as high temperatures and poor water quality. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the impact of A. salmonicida on turbot through morphopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, to identify the lesions caused by the infection, and to analyze the distribution of bacterial antigens in different organs of the turbot. The methodology included the collection of infected turbot and the processing of samples for histological studies. Microscope observation of samples and immunohistochemical techniques to detect bacterial antigens. Macroscopic findings revealed visible lesions such as exophthalmos, skin nodules, and nodules in the spleen. Microscopic analyses showed significant tissue damage in organs such as the heart, gills, skin, and digestive system. Additionally, A. salmonicida antigens were mainly located in areas affected by skin lesions and internal organs. In conclusion, infection by A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida has a severe impact on the health of turbot, causing significant lesions that can be identified both macroscopically and microscopically. Immunohistochemistry proved to be a useful tool for detecting the presence and distribution of the bacterium in infected tissues.
Direction
QUIROGA BERDEAL, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Souto Guitián, Xoel (Co-tutorships)
QUIROGA BERDEAL, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Souto Guitián, Xoel (Co-tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
Alternative therapies based on bacteriophages for the control of bovine mastitis
Authorship
R.P.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
R.P.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
Bovine mastitis is one of the most common diseases affecting dairy farming, causing severe economic losses. The main strategy to fight this disease is through the implementation of antibiotics, which leads to irrational use. Due to antibiotic resistance, new alternative therapies have been proposed, one of them being bacteriophages. This work focuses on phage therapy as an innovative alternative for the control of bovine mastitis. Bacteriophages are viruses that selectively attack bacteria, offering specificity and efficacy in treating bacterial infections without creating antimicrobial resistance. This study deals with the theoretical content of bovine mastitis, its economic impact, and the diagnostic methods and conventional treatments. It also presents the characteristics of bacteriophages, their mechanisms of action and the possible sectors in which they are applied. In addition, case studies and results demonstrate the efficacy of phages in control of bovine mastitis. Through this review, the procedure to obtain bacteriophages and evaluate their efficacy and effectiveness in attacking bacteria is explained. The side effects of bacteriophages are also highlighted, and a comparison with conventional treatments is made. Furthermore, the use of bacteriophages in bovine mastitis and their possible impediments will be into perspective. It has been observed in several studies how bacteriophages have been able to affect bacteria such as Staphylococccus aureus, Echerichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, obtaining significant reductions in bacterial load. In conclusion, bacteriophage-based therapy may become a viable and sustainable alternative to antibiotics for the treatment and control of bovine mastitis. Despite the advances, the benefits of the use of phages to ensure public health and animal welfare should be further investigated.
Bovine mastitis is one of the most common diseases affecting dairy farming, causing severe economic losses. The main strategy to fight this disease is through the implementation of antibiotics, which leads to irrational use. Due to antibiotic resistance, new alternative therapies have been proposed, one of them being bacteriophages. This work focuses on phage therapy as an innovative alternative for the control of bovine mastitis. Bacteriophages are viruses that selectively attack bacteria, offering specificity and efficacy in treating bacterial infections without creating antimicrobial resistance. This study deals with the theoretical content of bovine mastitis, its economic impact, and the diagnostic methods and conventional treatments. It also presents the characteristics of bacteriophages, their mechanisms of action and the possible sectors in which they are applied. In addition, case studies and results demonstrate the efficacy of phages in control of bovine mastitis. Through this review, the procedure to obtain bacteriophages and evaluate their efficacy and effectiveness in attacking bacteria is explained. The side effects of bacteriophages are also highlighted, and a comparison with conventional treatments is made. Furthermore, the use of bacteriophages in bovine mastitis and their possible impediments will be into perspective. It has been observed in several studies how bacteriophages have been able to affect bacteria such as Staphylococccus aureus, Echerichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, obtaining significant reductions in bacterial load. In conclusion, bacteriophage-based therapy may become a viable and sustainable alternative to antibiotics for the treatment and control of bovine mastitis. Despite the advances, the benefits of the use of phages to ensure public health and animal welfare should be further investigated.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
Conditions in sharks associated with Human Interaction
Authorship
I.P.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
I.P.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
Despite being perceived as a threat to people, numerous shark species are currently endangered, primarily due to problems arising from their interaction with humans. Overfishing, incidental capture in fishing nets, habitat destruction, tourism, climate change, and pollution are human factors contributing to the decline of shark populations. This interaction can lead to significant imbalances in the marine ecosystem. Therefore, it is imperative to study the biological and physiological characteristics of sharks and the consequences of these interactions to raise awareness about the harmful effects and the need for further studies. Establishing new limits and practices is crucial to preserving a healthy population of these species. Marine protected areas and specific fishing regulations for sharks are some strategies that can help mitigate these negative impacts.
Despite being perceived as a threat to people, numerous shark species are currently endangered, primarily due to problems arising from their interaction with humans. Overfishing, incidental capture in fishing nets, habitat destruction, tourism, climate change, and pollution are human factors contributing to the decline of shark populations. This interaction can lead to significant imbalances in the marine ecosystem. Therefore, it is imperative to study the biological and physiological characteristics of sharks and the consequences of these interactions to raise awareness about the harmful effects and the need for further studies. Establishing new limits and practices is crucial to preserving a healthy population of these species. Marine protected areas and specific fishing regulations for sharks are some strategies that can help mitigate these negative impacts.
Direction
Vázquez Rodríguez, Sonia (Tutorships)
AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA DE (Co-tutorships)
Vázquez Rodríguez, Sonia (Tutorships)
AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA DE (Co-tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
Urinary tract infections in companion animals and impact on public health
Authorship
S.T.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.T.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the adherence, multiplication and persistence of an infectious agent within the urogenital system causing an associated inflammatory response and clinical signs. It is a very common pathology in companion animals; generally, its aetiology is bacterial, the most frequently isolated pathogen being Escherichia coli (E. coli). In both humans and pets, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains are the main agent responsible for causing UTI worldwide. There is a strong emotional bond between humans and pets; their close coexistence favours the transmission of zoonotic pathogens; and it is known that pets can act as a reservoir of UPEC strains causing UTI in humans. UPEC strains have special traits that enables them to successfully invade and persist in the urinary tract; but, on the other hand, it is important to consider patient-related factors such as species, sex, age, comorbidities, and immune system status, with their interaction determining disease outcome and susceptibility to recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). Typically, UTIs are treated with antimicrobials empirically, which can lead to prolonged treatment, therapeutic failure, rUTIs, and selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR is a very complex problem, and a global phenomenon, involving diverse genera of bacteria, both pathogenic and commensal; resistance mechanisms; transfer mechanisms; reservoirs; and, families of antibiotics. The spread of multi-resistance, coupled with the decline in available antimicrobial treatments, is a major threat to global health, causing millions of deaths today. E. coli as a species, in all its ecological niches, with its great genetic flexibility and adaptability, has acquired a large number of AMR mechanisms, and is a carrier and spreader of resistance, contributing significantly to the global burden of AMR. Consequently, being the main causal pathogen of UTI in companion animals and humans, it is crucial to better understand its transmission epidemiology, and closely follow its evolution, from a “One Health” approach, to take actions that positively impact the clinical management and treatment of UTIs.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the adherence, multiplication and persistence of an infectious agent within the urogenital system causing an associated inflammatory response and clinical signs. It is a very common pathology in companion animals; generally, its aetiology is bacterial, the most frequently isolated pathogen being Escherichia coli (E. coli). In both humans and pets, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains are the main agent responsible for causing UTI worldwide. There is a strong emotional bond between humans and pets; their close coexistence favours the transmission of zoonotic pathogens; and it is known that pets can act as a reservoir of UPEC strains causing UTI in humans. UPEC strains have special traits that enables them to successfully invade and persist in the urinary tract; but, on the other hand, it is important to consider patient-related factors such as species, sex, age, comorbidities, and immune system status, with their interaction determining disease outcome and susceptibility to recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). Typically, UTIs are treated with antimicrobials empirically, which can lead to prolonged treatment, therapeutic failure, rUTIs, and selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR is a very complex problem, and a global phenomenon, involving diverse genera of bacteria, both pathogenic and commensal; resistance mechanisms; transfer mechanisms; reservoirs; and, families of antibiotics. The spread of multi-resistance, coupled with the decline in available antimicrobial treatments, is a major threat to global health, causing millions of deaths today. E. coli as a species, in all its ecological niches, with its great genetic flexibility and adaptability, has acquired a large number of AMR mechanisms, and is a carrier and spreader of resistance, contributing significantly to the global burden of AMR. Consequently, being the main causal pathogen of UTI in companion animals and humans, it is crucial to better understand its transmission epidemiology, and closely follow its evolution, from a “One Health” approach, to take actions that positively impact the clinical management and treatment of UTIs.
Direction
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Physiological changes of the equine uterus at different reproductive stages
Authorship
S.G.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.G.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
Mares have a seasonal polyestric cycle whose ovulatory phase is concentrated in spring and summer months, coinciding with a positive photoperiod. The rest of the reproductive cycle is made up of winter anestrus and the transition periods of spring and autumn. Knowledge of the cycle and the main physiological changes that occur in uterus during each stage is essential so that the veterinarian can identify those that occur pathologically and be able to treat them. Each phase of the cycle is dominated by several hormones which are responsible for the cytological, histological and vascular modifications that occur in the uterus. After insemination this organ undergoes a physiological inflammatory reaction that resolves within 48 hours, allowing the normal development of pregnancy. During the gestational period, maternal recognition, formation of endometrial cups and development of an epitheliochorial placenta occur. These events also cause uterine changes existing a continuous communication between mare and fetus, which allows its growth. Delivery is a physiological event divided into three phases and where a series of endocrine mechanisms act on the uterus, producing fetus and placenta expulsion. Finally uterine involution occurs, where the uterus returns to its original state and ovarian activity is restored.
Mares have a seasonal polyestric cycle whose ovulatory phase is concentrated in spring and summer months, coinciding with a positive photoperiod. The rest of the reproductive cycle is made up of winter anestrus and the transition periods of spring and autumn. Knowledge of the cycle and the main physiological changes that occur in uterus during each stage is essential so that the veterinarian can identify those that occur pathologically and be able to treat them. Each phase of the cycle is dominated by several hormones which are responsible for the cytological, histological and vascular modifications that occur in the uterus. After insemination this organ undergoes a physiological inflammatory reaction that resolves within 48 hours, allowing the normal development of pregnancy. During the gestational period, maternal recognition, formation of endometrial cups and development of an epitheliochorial placenta occur. These events also cause uterine changes existing a continuous communication between mare and fetus, which allows its growth. Delivery is a physiological event divided into three phases and where a series of endocrine mechanisms act on the uterus, producing fetus and placenta expulsion. Finally uterine involution occurs, where the uterus returns to its original state and ovarian activity is restored.
Direction
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
Histological and neurochemical evaluation of the accessory olfactory bulb and olfactory limbus in the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus)
Authorship
A.Q.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.Q.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.21.2024 09:00
06.21.2024 09:00
Summary
Only in recent years has the study of the olfactory system of wild canids been undertaken using morphofunctional techniques that have advanced our macroscopic, microscopic, and neurochemical understanding of sensory organs in many other species over the past decades. These studies suggest significant differences between dogs and wild canids, making this research highly interesting from a phylogenetic perspective, as well as in determining the consequences of artificial selection on the nervous system development of domestic animals. The limited information available on the accessory olfactory bulb of the wolf, an integrative center for chemical signals conveyed by pheromones and kairomones, indicates a rudimentary development. This fact, comparable to what is observed in dogs, is one of the most enigmatic issues in the study of the olfactory system of canids. The recent description in the fox of the olfactory limbus, an intermediate structure located at the border of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, apparently involved in the processing of sociosexual signals, opens the possibility of the existence of this formation in the wolf. Its characterization and identification have been the main objective of this work. To achieve this, we conducted an exhaustive study of both the accessory olfactory bulb and the olfactory limbus area of the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) through the use of serial microscopic sections, histological techniques, histochemical and immunohistochemical stains. The histological stains performed include Nissl and Hematoxylin-Eosin; as histochemical markers, lectins: UEA, LEA, SBA, STA, DBA, and VVA were used, and finally, among the immunohistochemical markers: calbindin, calretinin, parvalbumin, tubulin, MAP-2, OMP, Gai2 and Gao. The serial histological study in different cutting planes has confirmed the presence in the wolf of a structure comparable to the olfactory limbus, which extends along the medial and dorsolateral border between both the olfactory bulb and peduncle. In addition to its extension, the olfactory limbus of the wolf is characterized by the high complexity of the structures that compose it, highlighting the presence of neuronal aggregates and macroglomerular complexes which express protein and glycoconjugate markers traditionally associated with the processing of sociosexual information. The results of this study confirm the existence of a much more complex pheromonal information processing system in this species than previously suspected and raise the possibility of the existence of similar models in other species whose accessory olfactory system, a priori, presents limited development.
Only in recent years has the study of the olfactory system of wild canids been undertaken using morphofunctional techniques that have advanced our macroscopic, microscopic, and neurochemical understanding of sensory organs in many other species over the past decades. These studies suggest significant differences between dogs and wild canids, making this research highly interesting from a phylogenetic perspective, as well as in determining the consequences of artificial selection on the nervous system development of domestic animals. The limited information available on the accessory olfactory bulb of the wolf, an integrative center for chemical signals conveyed by pheromones and kairomones, indicates a rudimentary development. This fact, comparable to what is observed in dogs, is one of the most enigmatic issues in the study of the olfactory system of canids. The recent description in the fox of the olfactory limbus, an intermediate structure located at the border of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, apparently involved in the processing of sociosexual signals, opens the possibility of the existence of this formation in the wolf. Its characterization and identification have been the main objective of this work. To achieve this, we conducted an exhaustive study of both the accessory olfactory bulb and the olfactory limbus area of the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) through the use of serial microscopic sections, histological techniques, histochemical and immunohistochemical stains. The histological stains performed include Nissl and Hematoxylin-Eosin; as histochemical markers, lectins: UEA, LEA, SBA, STA, DBA, and VVA were used, and finally, among the immunohistochemical markers: calbindin, calretinin, parvalbumin, tubulin, MAP-2, OMP, Gai2 and Gao. The serial histological study in different cutting planes has confirmed the presence in the wolf of a structure comparable to the olfactory limbus, which extends along the medial and dorsolateral border between both the olfactory bulb and peduncle. In addition to its extension, the olfactory limbus of the wolf is characterized by the high complexity of the structures that compose it, highlighting the presence of neuronal aggregates and macroglomerular complexes which express protein and glycoconjugate markers traditionally associated with the processing of sociosexual information. The results of this study confirm the existence of a much more complex pheromonal information processing system in this species than previously suspected and raise the possibility of the existence of similar models in other species whose accessory olfactory system, a priori, presents limited development.
Direction
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
Feline Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's Syndrome)
Authorship
V.B.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
V.B.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:30
09.13.2024 10:30
Summary
Feline hyperaldosteronism is an endocrine disorder of the adrenal glands, characterized by excessive autonomous secretion of aldosterone. It is common in middle-aged and older felines and studies suggest that it is a more common disease than previously thought and that it is underdiagnosed. It may have to do with the fact that it sometimes appears simultaneously with renal insufficiency and the pertinent diagnostic tests are not performed, nor is blood pressure routinely measured. There are two types of hyperaldosteronism, primary (Conn's syndrome), due to a neoplasm or adrenal hyperplasia, and secondary, which is produced by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system caused by a decrease in intravascular volume associated with a secondary disease. The most common clinical signs are cervical ventroflexion, ataxia, pain and muscle weakness, produced by hypokalemia. And those derived from arterial hypertension, with ocular alterations such as hyphema, retinal detachment or blindness. Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical signs, measurement of plasma aldosterone and renin, laboratory tests and imaging.Treatment for a unilateral tumor is adrenalectomy of the affected gland, and medical treatment will be carried out in patients for whom surgery is contraindicated, or patients with adrenal hyperplasia. This is based on the administration of spironolactone (aldosterone blocker), potassium gluconate supplementation (to resolve hypokalemia) and amlodipine (antihypertensive).
Feline hyperaldosteronism is an endocrine disorder of the adrenal glands, characterized by excessive autonomous secretion of aldosterone. It is common in middle-aged and older felines and studies suggest that it is a more common disease than previously thought and that it is underdiagnosed. It may have to do with the fact that it sometimes appears simultaneously with renal insufficiency and the pertinent diagnostic tests are not performed, nor is blood pressure routinely measured. There are two types of hyperaldosteronism, primary (Conn's syndrome), due to a neoplasm or adrenal hyperplasia, and secondary, which is produced by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system caused by a decrease in intravascular volume associated with a secondary disease. The most common clinical signs are cervical ventroflexion, ataxia, pain and muscle weakness, produced by hypokalemia. And those derived from arterial hypertension, with ocular alterations such as hyphema, retinal detachment or blindness. Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical signs, measurement of plasma aldosterone and renin, laboratory tests and imaging.Treatment for a unilateral tumor is adrenalectomy of the affected gland, and medical treatment will be carried out in patients for whom surgery is contraindicated, or patients with adrenal hyperplasia. This is based on the administration of spironolactone (aldosterone blocker), potassium gluconate supplementation (to resolve hypokalemia) and amlodipine (antihypertensive).
Direction
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Co-tutorships)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Co-tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Immunolocalization of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cytoskeleton antibodies in the zebrafish.
Authorship
E.V.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
E.V.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.20.2024 09:00
06.20.2024 09:00
Summary
The rise of aquaculture has highlighted the need to understand and optimize fish intestinal health, as the intestine constitutes a crucial interface between the internal and external environments. Alterations, both in the external and internal environments, can have negative repercussions on the overall health of production animals, underscoring the importance of strengthening intestinal health. In this context, the zebrafish has emerged as a valuable model in aquaculture, allowing for the evaluation of diets and dietary additives more efficiently and economically than direct testing in production animals. In this study, this species was used as a model organism for the evaluation of different markers related to intestinal health using immunohistochemistry. Specifically, the objective of this work is to establish immunohistochemical techniques for the detection of caspase 3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and E-cadherin in histological sections of zebrafish intestine, given that commercial protocols had not been tested for this species. The study showed that PCNA is mainly located between the intestinal folds, areas rich in undifferentiated cells, indicating high proliferation. Caspase 3, a marker of apoptosis, was found in individual cells distributed multifocally along the fold. E-cadherin was observed in the contact areas between epithelial cells, reflecting its role in cell adhesion. Finally, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 was positive in the cytoplasm of enterocytes, with more intense staining in the apical zone corresponding to the brush border, indicating the cytoskeletal structure in these cells. The results showed that the immunolocalization of the antigens in zebrafish was very similar to that reported by other authors in different species, except for caspase 3, whose distribution in the zebrafish intestine differed from that observed in salmon by other researchers.
The rise of aquaculture has highlighted the need to understand and optimize fish intestinal health, as the intestine constitutes a crucial interface between the internal and external environments. Alterations, both in the external and internal environments, can have negative repercussions on the overall health of production animals, underscoring the importance of strengthening intestinal health. In this context, the zebrafish has emerged as a valuable model in aquaculture, allowing for the evaluation of diets and dietary additives more efficiently and economically than direct testing in production animals. In this study, this species was used as a model organism for the evaluation of different markers related to intestinal health using immunohistochemistry. Specifically, the objective of this work is to establish immunohistochemical techniques for the detection of caspase 3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and E-cadherin in histological sections of zebrafish intestine, given that commercial protocols had not been tested for this species. The study showed that PCNA is mainly located between the intestinal folds, areas rich in undifferentiated cells, indicating high proliferation. Caspase 3, a marker of apoptosis, was found in individual cells distributed multifocally along the fold. E-cadherin was observed in the contact areas between epithelial cells, reflecting its role in cell adhesion. Finally, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 was positive in the cytoplasm of enterocytes, with more intense staining in the apical zone corresponding to the brush border, indicating the cytoskeletal structure in these cells. The results showed that the immunolocalization of the antigens in zebrafish was very similar to that reported by other authors in different species, except for caspase 3, whose distribution in the zebrafish intestine differed from that observed in salmon by other researchers.
Direction
QUIROGA BERDEAL, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA DE (Co-tutorships)
QUIROGA BERDEAL, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA DE (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Tuberculosis: History of centuries of struggle against a deadly disease
Authorship
P.F.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
P.F.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.21.2024 09:00
06.21.2024 09:00
Summary
How can a disease described thousands of years ago still be one of the leading causes of mor-tality in the world today? Tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Myco-bacterium tuberculosis, has been a scourge of humanity throughout history, known even in ancient times as consumption. Despite significant advances in medicine and public health campaigns, tuberculosis continues to be a global challenge, affecting mainly populations in developing countries, but without discrimination, as it occurs in all regions of the world. In this bibliographic review we intend to expose its evolution in different historical periods, arriving briefly up to the present day, commenting on its course during the different historical stages and how certain people marked a before and after in the understanding of this disease. Afterwards, we will begin with a historical contextualization of tuberculosis, commenting on the people who made some kind of contribution to a better understanding of the disease. Like-wise, we will channel how it affected both humans and animals and we will exalt the discove-rer of the causal agent, Robert Koch, commenting on how his discovery completely changed the way of understanding the disease and the diagnosis and treatment of both animals and hu-mans could be improved. Finally, a focus will be made towards Spain and Galicia on the situation that was lived with this disease between the years 1882-1986 (establishment of sanitation campaigns), explaining how the situation was until then and how it was changing thanks to the advances that came from Europe, the way in which the situation of the disease was improving, lowering the rate of contagion rapidly in a fairly short period of time.
How can a disease described thousands of years ago still be one of the leading causes of mor-tality in the world today? Tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Myco-bacterium tuberculosis, has been a scourge of humanity throughout history, known even in ancient times as consumption. Despite significant advances in medicine and public health campaigns, tuberculosis continues to be a global challenge, affecting mainly populations in developing countries, but without discrimination, as it occurs in all regions of the world. In this bibliographic review we intend to expose its evolution in different historical periods, arriving briefly up to the present day, commenting on its course during the different historical stages and how certain people marked a before and after in the understanding of this disease. Afterwards, we will begin with a historical contextualization of tuberculosis, commenting on the people who made some kind of contribution to a better understanding of the disease. Like-wise, we will channel how it affected both humans and animals and we will exalt the discove-rer of the causal agent, Robert Koch, commenting on how his discovery completely changed the way of understanding the disease and the diagnosis and treatment of both animals and hu-mans could be improved. Finally, a focus will be made towards Spain and Galicia on the situation that was lived with this disease between the years 1882-1986 (establishment of sanitation campaigns), explaining how the situation was until then and how it was changing thanks to the advances that came from Europe, the way in which the situation of the disease was improving, lowering the rate of contagion rapidly in a fairly short period of time.
Direction
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Conde Gómez, Diego (Co-tutorships)
CIFUENTES MARTINEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Conde Gómez, Diego (Co-tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
DNA detection of Rickettsia spp. in ticks from Galicia. Descriptive study.
Authorship
P.I.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
P.I.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Ticks are considered after mosquitoes the most relevant vectors in the human medicine and veterinary. The main identified species in Galicia which are vectorially able to transmit zoonotic rickettsiae are Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, Rickettsia conorii vector and Dermacentor reticulatus and D. marginatus, Rickettsia slovaca vectors. The scope of this academic job is to detect the presence of Rickettsia spp. in ticks ((Rh. sanguineus s.l., D. reticulatus and D. marginatus) in Galicia. The identification of the bacteria was performed trough the PCR amplification of the genes which codify the proteins of the membrane rOmpA and rOmpB. In order to perform it, 24 pools with ticks were prepared (14 of them coming from domestic animals, 3 of them from wild animals and 7 were taken from the vegetation). In order to extract the DNA, a first mechanical lysis was performed and through the use of chemical buffers a second chemical lysis was performed. Once the purified DNA was obtained, it was quantified to determine its concentration and purity. To detect the gene rOmpA a semi-nested PCR was carried out, in a first phase the primers Rr190.70p and Rr190-701, and in a second phase amplicon was used as base DNA and the primers which were used were Rr190.70 and Rr190.602. A nested PCR was used to detect the gen rOmpB. Following a similar procedure as the one before, in a first phase the primers rOmpBOF and rOmpBOR were used and in a second phase rOmpSFG1F and rOmpBSF1R were the chosen primers. Considering the pools of ticks which result was positive to one of both genes (rOmpA/rOmpB), DNA of the bacteria was detected in 80% of D. marginatus, D. reticulatus and Rh. sanguineus s.l. Regarding to the tick sex, a major percentage of pools were positive in males than in females. Regarding to the specie, all the specimens of D. marginatus were positive. All the tick pools coming from Ourense, except for one, had Rickettsia spp DNA. The pools coming from Lugo and A Coruña were found with similar results. The pools where Rickettsia spp. DNA was found in a higher quantity were coming from vegetation. Similar results were found in the ones coming from domestic and wild animals. Considering the zoonotic implication of this bacteria, it is suggested using preventive actions to prevent from tick biting in animals and humans.
Ticks are considered after mosquitoes the most relevant vectors in the human medicine and veterinary. The main identified species in Galicia which are vectorially able to transmit zoonotic rickettsiae are Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, Rickettsia conorii vector and Dermacentor reticulatus and D. marginatus, Rickettsia slovaca vectors. The scope of this academic job is to detect the presence of Rickettsia spp. in ticks ((Rh. sanguineus s.l., D. reticulatus and D. marginatus) in Galicia. The identification of the bacteria was performed trough the PCR amplification of the genes which codify the proteins of the membrane rOmpA and rOmpB. In order to perform it, 24 pools with ticks were prepared (14 of them coming from domestic animals, 3 of them from wild animals and 7 were taken from the vegetation). In order to extract the DNA, a first mechanical lysis was performed and through the use of chemical buffers a second chemical lysis was performed. Once the purified DNA was obtained, it was quantified to determine its concentration and purity. To detect the gene rOmpA a semi-nested PCR was carried out, in a first phase the primers Rr190.70p and Rr190-701, and in a second phase amplicon was used as base DNA and the primers which were used were Rr190.70 and Rr190.602. A nested PCR was used to detect the gen rOmpB. Following a similar procedure as the one before, in a first phase the primers rOmpBOF and rOmpBOR were used and in a second phase rOmpSFG1F and rOmpBSF1R were the chosen primers. Considering the pools of ticks which result was positive to one of both genes (rOmpA/rOmpB), DNA of the bacteria was detected in 80% of D. marginatus, D. reticulatus and Rh. sanguineus s.l. Regarding to the tick sex, a major percentage of pools were positive in males than in females. Regarding to the specie, all the specimens of D. marginatus were positive. All the tick pools coming from Ourense, except for one, had Rickettsia spp DNA. The pools coming from Lugo and A Coruña were found with similar results. The pools where Rickettsia spp. DNA was found in a higher quantity were coming from vegetation. Similar results were found in the ones coming from domestic and wild animals. Considering the zoonotic implication of this bacteria, it is suggested using preventive actions to prevent from tick biting in animals and humans.
Direction
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Tutorships)
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Co-tutorships)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Tutorships)
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Co-tutorships)
Court
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
Physicochemical and microbiological properties of milk enriched with the brown algae Saccharina latissima
Authorship
S.M.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.M.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.21.2024 09:00
06.21.2024 09:00
Summary
The target of this work was the addition of the brown algae Saccharina latissima to the milk in order to measure certain chemical (phenols, lipid oxidation and pH), physical (color, viscosity, viscoelasticity and particle size) and microbiological (listeria, salmonella, enterobacteria, total aerobes, molds and yeasts) properties with a view to making a final product for both human and animal food, supplemented with dehydrated macroalgae that can provide benefits to the milk. For this experiment, a preliminary study was carried out in order to determine the most appropriate concentrations of algae; and during the preparation of the samples, the method of homogenization with high pressure was used, as well as pasteurization of half of the samples. Chemical properties were altered, as both total phenols and lipid oxidation increased with the amount of algae and pH decreased. Color became more yellow-greenish according to the concentration of the algae. In terms of physical properties, the addition of the algae increased the viscosity and particle size, with 1% being the most suitable concentration (higher percentages formed undesirable gels). The algae contained a high microbial load that did not decrease with the passage of days, there was no evidence of antimicrobial effect. UHT treatment is recommended for future products with this type of algae.
The target of this work was the addition of the brown algae Saccharina latissima to the milk in order to measure certain chemical (phenols, lipid oxidation and pH), physical (color, viscosity, viscoelasticity and particle size) and microbiological (listeria, salmonella, enterobacteria, total aerobes, molds and yeasts) properties with a view to making a final product for both human and animal food, supplemented with dehydrated macroalgae that can provide benefits to the milk. For this experiment, a preliminary study was carried out in order to determine the most appropriate concentrations of algae; and during the preparation of the samples, the method of homogenization with high pressure was used, as well as pasteurization of half of the samples. Chemical properties were altered, as both total phenols and lipid oxidation increased with the amount of algae and pH decreased. Color became more yellow-greenish according to the concentration of the algae. In terms of physical properties, the addition of the algae increased the viscosity and particle size, with 1% being the most suitable concentration (higher percentages formed undesirable gels). The algae contained a high microbial load that did not decrease with the passage of days, there was no evidence of antimicrobial effect. UHT treatment is recommended for future products with this type of algae.
Direction
LOPEZ SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
COBOS GARCIA, ANGEL (Co-tutorships)
LOPEZ SANCHEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
COBOS GARCIA, ANGEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
Main surgical procedures in teleosts
Authorship
M.Z.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.Z.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
There are currently a total of 35,300 described fish species, 95% of which are estimated to be teleosts, that is, fish with a bony internal skeleton, generally covered with scales and breathing through gills protected by an operculum. Nowadays, fish are increasingly present either in aquaculture, zoos, or for ornamental purposes, so there is a growing need for veterinarians specialized in these animals, as well as for research and adaptation of small animal surgical procedures. To carry out this task it is necessary to understand the general anatomy of fish, their physical and habitat characteristics, and how these influence surgical procedures, to adapt materials and processes for successful surgeries. Numerous surgical procedures can be performed on fish, in this work the main ones are discussed (dermatological surgeries, surgeries inside the abdominal cavity, endoscopy...) as well as general anaesthesia, positioning methods, types of sutures, etc., which are essential to perform successful surgeries in the shortest possible time and with the best results.
There are currently a total of 35,300 described fish species, 95% of which are estimated to be teleosts, that is, fish with a bony internal skeleton, generally covered with scales and breathing through gills protected by an operculum. Nowadays, fish are increasingly present either in aquaculture, zoos, or for ornamental purposes, so there is a growing need for veterinarians specialized in these animals, as well as for research and adaptation of small animal surgical procedures. To carry out this task it is necessary to understand the general anatomy of fish, their physical and habitat characteristics, and how these influence surgical procedures, to adapt materials and processes for successful surgeries. Numerous surgical procedures can be performed on fish, in this work the main ones are discussed (dermatological surgeries, surgeries inside the abdominal cavity, endoscopy...) as well as general anaesthesia, positioning methods, types of sutures, etc., which are essential to perform successful surgeries in the shortest possible time and with the best results.
Direction
BERMUDEZ POSE, ROBERTO (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
BERMUDEZ POSE, ROBERTO (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Influence of the type of feed presentation on the productive parameters of broiler chicken in Galicia
Authorship
X.P.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
X.P.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the form of feed presentation, meal versus pellets, on broiler growth and broiler profitability. A total of 1716 Ross 308 day-old male broilers were used, which were distributed completely randomly divided into 44 pens or replicates with 39 chicks in each replicate. From day 28, half of the pens received feed in pellet form and the other half in meal form. A higher average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake was observed in birds fed pellets than in birds fed meal. Chickens fed pellets had a higher final weight and consequently produced more kilograms (kg) of meat. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) were also better for chickens fed pellets. Overall, comparing the complete production cycle, chickens fed with pellets achieved better production rates, especially during finishing.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the form of feed presentation, meal versus pellets, on broiler growth and broiler profitability. A total of 1716 Ross 308 day-old male broilers were used, which were distributed completely randomly divided into 44 pens or replicates with 39 chicks in each replicate. From day 28, half of the pens received feed in pellet form and the other half in meal form. A higher average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake was observed in birds fed pellets than in birds fed meal. Chickens fed pellets had a higher final weight and consequently produced more kilograms (kg) of meat. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) were also better for chickens fed pellets. Overall, comparing the complete production cycle, chickens fed with pellets achieved better production rates, especially during finishing.
Direction
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Tutorships)
Barrio Feijoo, Francisco (Co-tutorships)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Tutorships)
Barrio Feijoo, Francisco (Co-tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Hip dysplasia in dogs
Authorship
P.R.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
P.R.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Canine hip dysplasia is one of the most important orthopedic diseases in the veterinary clinic. It is a bone disease, hereditary, non-congenital and multifactorial, with chronic course. It is an abnormal development of the coxofemoral joint that causes lameness and pain that over time will produce degenerative changes typical of osteoarthrosis. There are a some risk factors which are: feeding, animal´s breed and intense exercise during growth. When an animal suffers this disease, it should be eliminated from the breeding plan in order to reduce the incidence. We will suspect this condition when the animal presents uni or bilateral lameness, which can be more chronic when there are arthritic changes. Its diagnosis is mainly by means of ventrodorsal radiography which allows us to determine the degree of joint degeneration and to choose the most appropriate treatment. There are two treatment modalities: conservative and surgical. Both can be complementary and their main objective is to reduce pain and prevent or avoid the progression of the disease. In the case of surgical treatment, procedure´s choice will depend on the characteristics of the patient, and in the most severe cases, total hip replacement may be performed.
Canine hip dysplasia is one of the most important orthopedic diseases in the veterinary clinic. It is a bone disease, hereditary, non-congenital and multifactorial, with chronic course. It is an abnormal development of the coxofemoral joint that causes lameness and pain that over time will produce degenerative changes typical of osteoarthrosis. There are a some risk factors which are: feeding, animal´s breed and intense exercise during growth. When an animal suffers this disease, it should be eliminated from the breeding plan in order to reduce the incidence. We will suspect this condition when the animal presents uni or bilateral lameness, which can be more chronic when there are arthritic changes. Its diagnosis is mainly by means of ventrodorsal radiography which allows us to determine the degree of joint degeneration and to choose the most appropriate treatment. There are two treatment modalities: conservative and surgical. Both can be complementary and their main objective is to reduce pain and prevent or avoid the progression of the disease. In the case of surgical treatment, procedure´s choice will depend on the characteristics of the patient, and in the most severe cases, total hip replacement may be performed.
Direction
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Zinc-responsive dermatosis
Authorship
N.F.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
N.F.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:30
09.13.2024 10:30
Summary
The skin, the most visible and extensive organ of the body, acts as an anatomical and physiological barrier, performing metabolic, thermoregulatory, sensory, and protective functions. It is composed of three layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, each with its own accessory structure. The epidermis is divided into five strata with different types of cells, while the dermis contains connective tissue and cutaneous appendages, and the hypodermis is made up of connective and adipose tissue. Zinc (Zn), an essential biometal, plays a crucial role in various biological functions, including skin health, protein synthesis, membrane stabilization, and wound healing. This mineral is found in high concentrations in the skin, especially in pressure areas, and is fundamental for cellular homeostasis. The diet is the main source of Zn, and its bioavailability can be affected by other dietary components and storage factors. The homeostasis of this trace element is crucial for maintaining various physiological functions, and both its deficiency and excess can have adverse effects. Zinc-responsive dermatosis affects several species, including dogs, cats, cattle, and pigs, although it is difficult to observe today due to high-quality commercial diets. It can occur due to insufficient Zn intake, poor intestinal absorption, or problems in the homeostasis mechanisms of this trace element. This condition is characterized by a keratoseborrheic disorder with alopecia and histopathologically by parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, showing a positive response to Zn supplementation. Zinc-responsive dermatoses are typically classified into types I, II, and acrodermatitis, although a more current classification differentiates between anomalies due to the animal and nutritional anomalies. In addition to these diseases directly caused by alterations in Zn levels, this micromineral has been observed to be important in the development of other skin conditions such as canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), demodicosis, and symmetrical lupoid onychomadesis. The main objective of this Final Degree Project (TFG) is to determine the influence of diet (specifically Zn) on the skin, causing dermatological conditions in dogs and cats. Additionally, the main clinical signs and histopathological lesions presented by animals with zinc-responsive dermatosis due to an anomaly in the animal will be described. Finally, the most commonly used diagnoses and treatments will be presented.
The skin, the most visible and extensive organ of the body, acts as an anatomical and physiological barrier, performing metabolic, thermoregulatory, sensory, and protective functions. It is composed of three layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, each with its own accessory structure. The epidermis is divided into five strata with different types of cells, while the dermis contains connective tissue and cutaneous appendages, and the hypodermis is made up of connective and adipose tissue. Zinc (Zn), an essential biometal, plays a crucial role in various biological functions, including skin health, protein synthesis, membrane stabilization, and wound healing. This mineral is found in high concentrations in the skin, especially in pressure areas, and is fundamental for cellular homeostasis. The diet is the main source of Zn, and its bioavailability can be affected by other dietary components and storage factors. The homeostasis of this trace element is crucial for maintaining various physiological functions, and both its deficiency and excess can have adverse effects. Zinc-responsive dermatosis affects several species, including dogs, cats, cattle, and pigs, although it is difficult to observe today due to high-quality commercial diets. It can occur due to insufficient Zn intake, poor intestinal absorption, or problems in the homeostasis mechanisms of this trace element. This condition is characterized by a keratoseborrheic disorder with alopecia and histopathologically by parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, showing a positive response to Zn supplementation. Zinc-responsive dermatoses are typically classified into types I, II, and acrodermatitis, although a more current classification differentiates between anomalies due to the animal and nutritional anomalies. In addition to these diseases directly caused by alterations in Zn levels, this micromineral has been observed to be important in the development of other skin conditions such as canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), demodicosis, and symmetrical lupoid onychomadesis. The main objective of this Final Degree Project (TFG) is to determine the influence of diet (specifically Zn) on the skin, causing dermatological conditions in dogs and cats. Additionally, the main clinical signs and histopathological lesions presented by animals with zinc-responsive dermatosis due to an anomaly in the animal will be described. Finally, the most commonly used diagnoses and treatments will be presented.
Direction
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Tutorships)
MEJUTO VAZQUEZ, NICOLAS (Co-tutorships)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Tutorships)
MEJUTO VAZQUEZ, NICOLAS (Co-tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Fine-tuning and validation of an economical, fast and simple technique for age estimation in odontocetes
Authorship
M.P.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.P.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Age estimation in wild animals is an essential tool for the study of populations structure, the interpretation of certain biological data and the management of conservation programmes for endangered species. There are several ways to estimate the age of animals, being the most common technique the counting of growth layer groups (GLGs) in dentine, which can be carried out using different methods. In this work, the age of odontocetes has been estimated by counting GLGs in ground and polished teeth sections, using a stereomicroscope and a light microscope. Besides, the procedure has been validated by comparing the results with those obtained on decalcified sections from the same teeth using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography. For this purpose, the Coordinadora para o Estudo dos Mamíferos Mariños (CEMMA) provided teeth from 34 animals belonging to the four species of odontocetes with the highest number of strandings on the Galician coast: short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) and bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). The best results, both for the identification of dental structures and for GLGs count, were obtained with scanning electron microscopy in common dolphin, striped dolphin and bottlenose dolphin teeth. However, light microscopy on untreated sections was also proved to be an effective technique for age determination in all species, while the decalcification process only improved the definition of GLGs in the bottlenose dolphin teeth sections, as they were the largest. Microcomputed tomography allowed the identification of some GLGs, but it was not possible to complete the count in bottlenose dolphin teeth with a more closed pulp cavity. In short, this methodology has made it possible to develop an economical, fast and simple technique at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the USC for the estimation of age in odontocetes by counting GLGs in sanded and polished teeth sections, a technique that has been validated by comparing the results with those obtained in decalcified sections of the same teeth using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography.
Age estimation in wild animals is an essential tool for the study of populations structure, the interpretation of certain biological data and the management of conservation programmes for endangered species. There are several ways to estimate the age of animals, being the most common technique the counting of growth layer groups (GLGs) in dentine, which can be carried out using different methods. In this work, the age of odontocetes has been estimated by counting GLGs in ground and polished teeth sections, using a stereomicroscope and a light microscope. Besides, the procedure has been validated by comparing the results with those obtained on decalcified sections from the same teeth using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography. For this purpose, the Coordinadora para o Estudo dos Mamíferos Mariños (CEMMA) provided teeth from 34 animals belonging to the four species of odontocetes with the highest number of strandings on the Galician coast: short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) and bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). The best results, both for the identification of dental structures and for GLGs count, were obtained with scanning electron microscopy in common dolphin, striped dolphin and bottlenose dolphin teeth. However, light microscopy on untreated sections was also proved to be an effective technique for age determination in all species, while the decalcification process only improved the definition of GLGs in the bottlenose dolphin teeth sections, as they were the largest. Microcomputed tomography allowed the identification of some GLGs, but it was not possible to complete the count in bottlenose dolphin teeth with a more closed pulp cavity. In short, this methodology has made it possible to develop an economical, fast and simple technique at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the USC for the estimation of age in odontocetes by counting GLGs in sanded and polished teeth sections, a technique that has been validated by comparing the results with those obtained in decalcified sections of the same teeth using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography.
Direction
ALEMAÑ POSADAS, NURIA VICENTA (Tutorships)
Sabucedo Suárez, Ana María (Co-tutorships)
ALEMAÑ POSADAS, NURIA VICENTA (Tutorships)
Sabucedo Suárez, Ana María (Co-tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Cat colony management and animal welfare
Authorship
N.T.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
N.T.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Homeless cats represent a major problem in Europe, with hundreds of thousands abandoned each year. Many of these cats adapt to living in the wild, reproduce and end up forming populations that are little or not sociable at all with humans, referred to as community cats or feral cats. These populations are usually grouped in colonies, which take advantage of the resources generated in the population nuclei to survive in conditions that are outside the established minimums of any concept of animal welfare. The excess of resources, uncontrolled reproduction and the massive abandonment of cats has led to the exponential growth of cat colonies. Their uncontrolled presence is the cause of numerous conflicts, as the health status of community cats has a direct influence on public health, animal health and the environment, making it clear that there is an obligation to control them in order to protect the environment. Traditional control measures to reduce their populations based on culling or removal of colonies have proven to be ineffective and fortunately are no longer legal or socially accepted. Today's society demands ethical management programs. The TNR (Trap-Neuter-Return) method is the basic tool of any ethical cat colony control program. In addition, accompanied by other complementary measures of integrated management, it increases the success of the management. It has a positive impact on the welfare of the cats while controlling their population and even reducing it progressively in the long term. It also eliminates or alleviates conflicts associated with their presence. The veterinary profession widely supports the CER program as the only acceptable method of controlling the cat population on the streets. Their role in colony management is essential because of their expertise in public health, zoonosis, sanitation and animal welfare. The new law for the protection of the rights and welfare of animals establishes the legal framework for the management of cat colonies. Its objective is population control of all community cats in order to progressively reduce their population while maintaining their protection. Due to its recent entry into force, it is still too early to assess the results of its implementation, however, it has already raised several criticisms in various scientific sectors.
Homeless cats represent a major problem in Europe, with hundreds of thousands abandoned each year. Many of these cats adapt to living in the wild, reproduce and end up forming populations that are little or not sociable at all with humans, referred to as community cats or feral cats. These populations are usually grouped in colonies, which take advantage of the resources generated in the population nuclei to survive in conditions that are outside the established minimums of any concept of animal welfare. The excess of resources, uncontrolled reproduction and the massive abandonment of cats has led to the exponential growth of cat colonies. Their uncontrolled presence is the cause of numerous conflicts, as the health status of community cats has a direct influence on public health, animal health and the environment, making it clear that there is an obligation to control them in order to protect the environment. Traditional control measures to reduce their populations based on culling or removal of colonies have proven to be ineffective and fortunately are no longer legal or socially accepted. Today's society demands ethical management programs. The TNR (Trap-Neuter-Return) method is the basic tool of any ethical cat colony control program. In addition, accompanied by other complementary measures of integrated management, it increases the success of the management. It has a positive impact on the welfare of the cats while controlling their population and even reducing it progressively in the long term. It also eliminates or alleviates conflicts associated with their presence. The veterinary profession widely supports the CER program as the only acceptable method of controlling the cat population on the streets. Their role in colony management is essential because of their expertise in public health, zoonosis, sanitation and animal welfare. The new law for the protection of the rights and welfare of animals establishes the legal framework for the management of cat colonies. Its objective is population control of all community cats in order to progressively reduce their population while maintaining their protection. Due to its recent entry into force, it is still too early to assess the results of its implementation, however, it has already raised several criticisms in various scientific sectors.
Direction
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
The injection site-associated sarcoma in the feline species
Authorship
G.T.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
G.T.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The injection site-associated sarcoma belongs to a group of tumors known as soft tissue sarcomas. This highly invasive sarcoma is characterized by rapid growth, high local recurrence, and a low rate of metastasis, with the lung being the most common site of tumor spread. It develops in the feline species, and the most accepted hypothesis suggests a chronic inflammatory reaction following vaccination, combined with a certain genetic predisposition. This rare disease, with unknown etiopathogenesis and incidence, poses a challenge for the veterinarian in determining the treatment, resulting in a reserved prognosis for the patient. Therefore, it is crucial in this species to follow current recommendations regarding vaccination sites. Although it may not prevent the occurrence of neoplasia, there is a higher likelihood of complete resection, thus achieving greater survival and quality of life for the patient.
The injection site-associated sarcoma belongs to a group of tumors known as soft tissue sarcomas. This highly invasive sarcoma is characterized by rapid growth, high local recurrence, and a low rate of metastasis, with the lung being the most common site of tumor spread. It develops in the feline species, and the most accepted hypothesis suggests a chronic inflammatory reaction following vaccination, combined with a certain genetic predisposition. This rare disease, with unknown etiopathogenesis and incidence, poses a challenge for the veterinarian in determining the treatment, resulting in a reserved prognosis for the patient. Therefore, it is crucial in this species to follow current recommendations regarding vaccination sites. Although it may not prevent the occurrence of neoplasia, there is a higher likelihood of complete resection, thus achieving greater survival and quality of life for the patient.
Direction
LOPEZ PEÑA, MONICA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
LOPEZ PEÑA, MONICA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Canine megaesophagus: clinical features, diagnosis and treatment.
Authorship
M.B.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.B.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Canine megaesophagus presents as a dilation of the esophageal lumen due to the accumulation of food content caused by non-functional peristalsis. This dilation can manifest in various forms and have multiple causes, including congenital origins, anatomical issues such as vascular malformations, or secondary diseases like myasthenia gravis. However, in most cases, no specific etiology is identified, making idiopathic megaesophagus the most common diagnosis. Although several theories exist regarding the possible cause of the initial motor problem, none of them has been confirmed. The main clinical sign of canine megaesophagus is regurgitation, which leads to weight loss, severe malnutrition, and the risk of aspiration. Regarding the treatment, the use of both, surgical techniques and pharmacological alternatives has been unsatisfactory. The lack of understanding of the disease and its clinical similarity to esophageal achalasia in humans led for years to the same treatment approaches, resulting in inadequate management and very poor outcomes, often ending in euthanasia. Today, it is known that this is a different disease from esophageal achalasia, which has focused the research on the specific characteristics of canine megaesophagus, providing a better understanding and management. The focus of studying the disease has shifted towards a nutritional management as the basis of the treatment, which is essential for the prognosis and improved the quality of life of affected dogs. Some specific guidelines for this nutritional management include feeding in an upright position and taking care of the food's consistency. Finally, the publication of a new surgical technique and the testing of new drugs as possible medical treatments offer hope given the reserved prognosis of the disease.
Canine megaesophagus presents as a dilation of the esophageal lumen due to the accumulation of food content caused by non-functional peristalsis. This dilation can manifest in various forms and have multiple causes, including congenital origins, anatomical issues such as vascular malformations, or secondary diseases like myasthenia gravis. However, in most cases, no specific etiology is identified, making idiopathic megaesophagus the most common diagnosis. Although several theories exist regarding the possible cause of the initial motor problem, none of them has been confirmed. The main clinical sign of canine megaesophagus is regurgitation, which leads to weight loss, severe malnutrition, and the risk of aspiration. Regarding the treatment, the use of both, surgical techniques and pharmacological alternatives has been unsatisfactory. The lack of understanding of the disease and its clinical similarity to esophageal achalasia in humans led for years to the same treatment approaches, resulting in inadequate management and very poor outcomes, often ending in euthanasia. Today, it is known that this is a different disease from esophageal achalasia, which has focused the research on the specific characteristics of canine megaesophagus, providing a better understanding and management. The focus of studying the disease has shifted towards a nutritional management as the basis of the treatment, which is essential for the prognosis and improved the quality of life of affected dogs. Some specific guidelines for this nutritional management include feeding in an upright position and taking care of the food's consistency. Finally, the publication of a new surgical technique and the testing of new drugs as possible medical treatments offer hope given the reserved prognosis of the disease.
Direction
Miño Fariña, Natalia (Tutorships)
ESPINO LOPEZ, LUCIANO (Co-tutorships)
Miño Fariña, Natalia (Tutorships)
ESPINO LOPEZ, LUCIANO (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Hip dysplasia in dogs
Authorship
C.A.F.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.A.F.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Canine hip dysplasia is one of the orthopedic diseases with the highest incidence in the veterinary clinic. It is a bone development disorder with polygenic and multifactorial origin, but influenced by environmental and biomechanical factors. The illness is characterized by a persistent laxity in the coxofemoral joint, which causes pain and consequent lameness, and in addition, it can lead to coxofemoral osteoarthritis if becomes chronic. It is more frequently observed in dogs with certain characteristics: large and giant breeds, with excess weight, and/or that perform intense exercise during growth. As it is genetic, dogs with the disease should be selected to avoid its recurrence. The presence of uni or bilateral lameness, especially in dogs that present risk factors, will be the main suspicion of a dog that suffers from the illness. Diagnosis can be based on visual, manual or imaging tests, being the most common ventrodorsal radiographs, which allowto assess the degree of joint degeneration and choose correctly the most appropriate treatment. Surgical intervention is often used to prevent joint changes or to recover joint function, thus, they can be conservative or surgical treatments, even complementary. The objective is to eliminate pain and delay joint degeneration. As for surgical treatment, there are some factors that influence the selection of the correct technique. Ultimately, rescue surgical treatments will be performed.
Canine hip dysplasia is one of the orthopedic diseases with the highest incidence in the veterinary clinic. It is a bone development disorder with polygenic and multifactorial origin, but influenced by environmental and biomechanical factors. The illness is characterized by a persistent laxity in the coxofemoral joint, which causes pain and consequent lameness, and in addition, it can lead to coxofemoral osteoarthritis if becomes chronic. It is more frequently observed in dogs with certain characteristics: large and giant breeds, with excess weight, and/or that perform intense exercise during growth. As it is genetic, dogs with the disease should be selected to avoid its recurrence. The presence of uni or bilateral lameness, especially in dogs that present risk factors, will be the main suspicion of a dog that suffers from the illness. Diagnosis can be based on visual, manual or imaging tests, being the most common ventrodorsal radiographs, which allowto assess the degree of joint degeneration and choose correctly the most appropriate treatment. Surgical intervention is often used to prevent joint changes or to recover joint function, thus, they can be conservative or surgical treatments, even complementary. The objective is to eliminate pain and delay joint degeneration. As for surgical treatment, there are some factors that influence the selection of the correct technique. Ultimately, rescue surgical treatments will be performed.
Direction
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Behavior of orcas in free life: the problem of interections with boats.
Authorship
C.A.B.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.A.B.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Since the summer of 2020, an unprecedented innovative behavior has been observed in the subpopulation of orcas in the Iberian peninsula when interacting recurrently with boats. The events consisted of the animals gripping the rudder, moving, turning, or stopping the boat. The consequences could range from mild, where the boat could continue its journey, to severe, when they left the boat unable to move. Interactions between orcas and humans have been historically known both in the wild with the fishing sector and in captivity with accidents involving trainers. All of this, combined with the negative reputation transmitted through the press or audiovisual documents, leads society to maintain a negative and even malignant perception of these animals, so it is necessary to reflect on the reality of orcas and their situation. To understand their conduct, certain aspects of biology are describe in this TFG: their anatomy, geographical distribution and migrations, legal status, or behavior, in order to adress the problem of interactions with humans from an ethological point of view.
Since the summer of 2020, an unprecedented innovative behavior has been observed in the subpopulation of orcas in the Iberian peninsula when interacting recurrently with boats. The events consisted of the animals gripping the rudder, moving, turning, or stopping the boat. The consequences could range from mild, where the boat could continue its journey, to severe, when they left the boat unable to move. Interactions between orcas and humans have been historically known both in the wild with the fishing sector and in captivity with accidents involving trainers. All of this, combined with the negative reputation transmitted through the press or audiovisual documents, leads society to maintain a negative and even malignant perception of these animals, so it is necessary to reflect on the reality of orcas and their situation. To understand their conduct, certain aspects of biology are describe in this TFG: their anatomy, geographical distribution and migrations, legal status, or behavior, in order to adress the problem of interactions with humans from an ethological point of view.
Direction
ALEMAÑ POSADAS, NURIA VICENTA (Tutorships)
López Fernández, Alfredo (Co-tutorships)
ALEMAÑ POSADAS, NURIA VICENTA (Tutorships)
López Fernández, Alfredo (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Animal welfare and abandonment: behavioural problems predominantly affecting adopted dogs
Authorship
A.M.L.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.M.L.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.13.2024 09:00
09.13.2024 09:00
Summary
The presentation of behavioural problems is one of the main reasons for abandonment and return of newly adopted dogs to the shelters. This study was designed with the following main objectives: to compare the possible incidence of behavioural problems between a problem group consisting of animals from a shelter and a control group consisting of animals from other origins; to assess how the dog's stay in a shelter prior to its final adoption may affect the presentation of behavioural alterations; and, based on the literature consulted, to describe some useful and implementable prevention measures to reduce those behavioural problems that may appear significantly more in the animals studied, depending on their origin. A validated behavioural questionnaire (C-BARQ) was distributed online and, after eliminating the responses that did not meet the characteristics of the study, 318 valid responses were obtained. Of this total sample, 158 individuals met the characteristics to form part of the problem group (dogs adopted from shelters in Galicia) and the remaining 160 formed the control group, which included animals from other origins other than adoption (purchased, given away or born in the owner's home). The results were correlated by Pearson and U de Mann-Whitney statistical analyses. According to the results obtained, dogs adopted from shelters would have significantly lower trainability, would be more likely to show non-social fear and fear of strangers and would have lower energy levels. In addition, foster care prior to final adoption would significantly influence the dog's trainability and fear of strangers.
The presentation of behavioural problems is one of the main reasons for abandonment and return of newly adopted dogs to the shelters. This study was designed with the following main objectives: to compare the possible incidence of behavioural problems between a problem group consisting of animals from a shelter and a control group consisting of animals from other origins; to assess how the dog's stay in a shelter prior to its final adoption may affect the presentation of behavioural alterations; and, based on the literature consulted, to describe some useful and implementable prevention measures to reduce those behavioural problems that may appear significantly more in the animals studied, depending on their origin. A validated behavioural questionnaire (C-BARQ) was distributed online and, after eliminating the responses that did not meet the characteristics of the study, 318 valid responses were obtained. Of this total sample, 158 individuals met the characteristics to form part of the problem group (dogs adopted from shelters in Galicia) and the remaining 160 formed the control group, which included animals from other origins other than adoption (purchased, given away or born in the owner's home). The results were correlated by Pearson and U de Mann-Whitney statistical analyses. According to the results obtained, dogs adopted from shelters would have significantly lower trainability, would be more likely to show non-social fear and fear of strangers and would have lower energy levels. In addition, foster care prior to final adoption would significantly influence the dog's trainability and fear of strangers.
Direction
FERNANDEZ TROCONIZ REVUELTA, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ MARTINEZ, ANGELA (Co-tutorships)
FERNANDEZ TROCONIZ REVUELTA, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ MARTINEZ, ANGELA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (Cushing) in horses
Authorship
U.L.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
U.L.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
The Pars Intermedia Pituitary Dysfunction (PPID), also known as Cushing's Disease, is a common endocrine disorder in geriatric horses. This condition is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus, which leads to hyperplasia and adenoma formation in the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland. Horses with PPID present with a variety of clinical signs, including hypertrichosis, laminitis, weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia. The diagnosis of PPID is based on observation of these clinical signs and endocrinological tests, such as measurement of baseline adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone levels (a-MSH), dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and HRT stimulation. The medical treatment is based on pergolide mesylate, which helps control symptoms, and supportive care to improve the horse's quality of life. Early detection and appropriate intervention are crucial to effectively manage this disease and prolong the lives of affected horses.
The Pars Intermedia Pituitary Dysfunction (PPID), also known as Cushing's Disease, is a common endocrine disorder in geriatric horses. This condition is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus, which leads to hyperplasia and adenoma formation in the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland. Horses with PPID present with a variety of clinical signs, including hypertrichosis, laminitis, weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia. The diagnosis of PPID is based on observation of these clinical signs and endocrinological tests, such as measurement of baseline adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone levels (a-MSH), dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and HRT stimulation. The medical treatment is based on pergolide mesylate, which helps control symptoms, and supportive care to improve the horse's quality of life. Early detection and appropriate intervention are crucial to effectively manage this disease and prolong the lives of affected horses.
Direction
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Tutorships)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Tutorships)
Court
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
Canine hemangiosarcoma.
Authorship
L.A.G.D.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.A.G.D.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
Hemangiosarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm that, although historically considered to originate from the vascular endothelium, is now believed to have its true origin in pluripotent bone marrow cells. It affects virtually all domestic species, but it is in dogs where the disease is most frequently observed, representing 2% of all cancers detected in this species. According to epidemiological data, the spleen, heart, liver, and skin are the primary locations of the tumor. Less frequently, hemangiosarcoma has also been reported to develop in the kidneys, oral cavity, bones, urinary bladder, tongue, retroperitoneum, large blood vessels, among other locations. Being such a heterogeneous tumor with different presentations, its clinical manifestations are equally varied. The definitive diagnosis is obtained through histopathological analysis of the lesions, and although other diagnostic tools exist and are used, it is generally believed that these only allow for a presumptive diagnosis of the disease, being more useful in staging it. In the field of diagnosis, recent focus has been on developing techniques such as the assessment of biomarkers, which allow for earlier diagnosis of the disease. The staging process is based on laboratory analyses, three-view thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasounds, classifying patients into three stages based on a TMN system. For the treatment of canine hemangiosarcoma, surgical removal of the primary tumor is usually the first indication in almost all cases and even considered curative in some. In addition to surgery, conventional chemotherapy with doxorubicin based protocols is also repeatedly used, and although not yet curative for this tumor, these protocols have been shown to help prolong the median survival time of patients somewhat satisfactorily. Other recent therapies, still under investigation, include metronomic chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and therapies based on natural products. In general, due to its aggressive biological behavior and high metastasis rates, the prognosis for patients affected by hemangiosarcoma remains very poor in a vast majority of cases. This unfavorable outlook, further characterized by a stagnation in advances in the clinical management of the tumor, has sparked the interest of the veterinary scientific community, which believes this is due to the limited understanding of the ontogeny and biological functioning of this neoplasm, points that have been the subject of study in the last decade and have also been emphasized in this literature review.
Hemangiosarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm that, although historically considered to originate from the vascular endothelium, is now believed to have its true origin in pluripotent bone marrow cells. It affects virtually all domestic species, but it is in dogs where the disease is most frequently observed, representing 2% of all cancers detected in this species. According to epidemiological data, the spleen, heart, liver, and skin are the primary locations of the tumor. Less frequently, hemangiosarcoma has also been reported to develop in the kidneys, oral cavity, bones, urinary bladder, tongue, retroperitoneum, large blood vessels, among other locations. Being such a heterogeneous tumor with different presentations, its clinical manifestations are equally varied. The definitive diagnosis is obtained through histopathological analysis of the lesions, and although other diagnostic tools exist and are used, it is generally believed that these only allow for a presumptive diagnosis of the disease, being more useful in staging it. In the field of diagnosis, recent focus has been on developing techniques such as the assessment of biomarkers, which allow for earlier diagnosis of the disease. The staging process is based on laboratory analyses, three-view thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasounds, classifying patients into three stages based on a TMN system. For the treatment of canine hemangiosarcoma, surgical removal of the primary tumor is usually the first indication in almost all cases and even considered curative in some. In addition to surgery, conventional chemotherapy with doxorubicin based protocols is also repeatedly used, and although not yet curative for this tumor, these protocols have been shown to help prolong the median survival time of patients somewhat satisfactorily. Other recent therapies, still under investigation, include metronomic chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and therapies based on natural products. In general, due to its aggressive biological behavior and high metastasis rates, the prognosis for patients affected by hemangiosarcoma remains very poor in a vast majority of cases. This unfavorable outlook, further characterized by a stagnation in advances in the clinical management of the tumor, has sparked the interest of the veterinary scientific community, which believes this is due to the limited understanding of the ontogeny and biological functioning of this neoplasm, points that have been the subject of study in the last decade and have also been emphasized in this literature review.
Direction
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Tutorships)
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Tutorships)
Court
DIAZ VIZCAINO, ELVIRA ANTONIA (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
DIAZ VIZCAINO, ELVIRA ANTONIA (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
Equine colic
Authorship
M.D.C.G.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.D.C.G.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
This literature review addresses equine colic, a syndrome that encompasses multiple gastrointestinal pathologies, both physical and physiological, manifested as acute abdominal pain in the horse. Its importance in the equine clinic lies in the high volume of cases, most of which could be prevented with appropriate management measures and routine veterinary check-ups. In most horses the origin of the syndrome is detected with a basic diagnostic protocol that includes anamnesis, physical examination and minimal complementary tests (rectal palpation, nasogastric intubation and abdominal ultrasound). Mild or moderate gastrointestinal processes will require pharmacological treatment, which will present favorable evolution in 24-72 hours. However, those cases requiring surgery have a high intraoperative and postoperative mortality rate. Predisposing factors, both anatomical and management factors, standardized diagnostic methods and recently studied biomarkers, and finally therapeutic and surgical treatment have been collected throughout this work.
This literature review addresses equine colic, a syndrome that encompasses multiple gastrointestinal pathologies, both physical and physiological, manifested as acute abdominal pain in the horse. Its importance in the equine clinic lies in the high volume of cases, most of which could be prevented with appropriate management measures and routine veterinary check-ups. In most horses the origin of the syndrome is detected with a basic diagnostic protocol that includes anamnesis, physical examination and minimal complementary tests (rectal palpation, nasogastric intubation and abdominal ultrasound). Mild or moderate gastrointestinal processes will require pharmacological treatment, which will present favorable evolution in 24-72 hours. However, those cases requiring surgery have a high intraoperative and postoperative mortality rate. Predisposing factors, both anatomical and management factors, standardized diagnostic methods and recently studied biomarkers, and finally therapeutic and surgical treatment have been collected throughout this work.
Direction
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Tutorships)
Graña Pena, María Almudena (Co-tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Tutorships)
Graña Pena, María Almudena (Co-tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Diagnosis and treatment of gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs
Authorship
Z.R.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Z.R.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome (GDV) represents a common medical and surgical emergency in dogs, characterized by distension and torsion of the stomach. This disorder affects mainly large breeds, being more common in older dogs. It is triggered by factors such as rapid ingestion of large amounts of food, activity after eating, and genetic predisposition, manifesting with clinical signs such as abdominal distension, unproductive vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis is based on observation of clinical signs, physicalexamination, and radiographs, which are essential to confirm GDV. Treatment involves a combination of medical and surgical strategies. Initially, the patient is stabilized with intravenous fluids and correction of electrolyte imbalances. However, surgical intervention is essential, involving stomach decompression, assessment of tissue viability, correction of torsion, and, if necessary, a partial gastrectomy. In surgical treatment, different gastropexy techniques are employed, with incisional gastropexybeing the chosen one. In the case of minimally invasive techniques, although they provide benefits in postoperative recovery, they are used especially as a preventive measure in breeds predisposed to GDV, without replacing conventional treatment. During postoperative care, the administration of fluids, analgesics, and antibiotics are maintained according to the patient’s needs. Since prognosis is linked to this management, proper monitoring is essential to improve survival rates.
Gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome (GDV) represents a common medical and surgical emergency in dogs, characterized by distension and torsion of the stomach. This disorder affects mainly large breeds, being more common in older dogs. It is triggered by factors such as rapid ingestion of large amounts of food, activity after eating, and genetic predisposition, manifesting with clinical signs such as abdominal distension, unproductive vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis is based on observation of clinical signs, physicalexamination, and radiographs, which are essential to confirm GDV. Treatment involves a combination of medical and surgical strategies. Initially, the patient is stabilized with intravenous fluids and correction of electrolyte imbalances. However, surgical intervention is essential, involving stomach decompression, assessment of tissue viability, correction of torsion, and, if necessary, a partial gastrectomy. In surgical treatment, different gastropexy techniques are employed, with incisional gastropexybeing the chosen one. In the case of minimally invasive techniques, although they provide benefits in postoperative recovery, they are used especially as a preventive measure in breeds predisposed to GDV, without replacing conventional treatment. During postoperative care, the administration of fluids, analgesics, and antibiotics are maintained according to the patient’s needs. Since prognosis is linked to this management, proper monitoring is essential to improve survival rates.
Direction
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Babesia species affecting dogs in Europe: differences in distribution, pathogenicity and control
Authorship
S.B.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.B.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne parasitic disease mainly characterized by a febrile syndrome, haemolytic anaemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and leucopoenia. The acute course is the most common, causing serious repercussions for the animal health that can be fatal; however, noticeable differences in the clinical signs, treatment, and the prognosis of canine babesiosis can be observed depending on the species involved. For this reason, the aims of this revision were identifying the different Babesia species affecting dogs in Europe, their vectors and geographical distribution, as well as the possible differences in their pathogenicity and clinical manifestations. Finally, the most effective pharmacological treatments against the different Babesia species affecting dogs will be described. In Europe, four different Babesia species have been identified in dogs: Babesia canis and Babesia vogeli (Large Babesia species), and Babesia vulpes and Babesia gibsoni (small Babesia species). All of them have been detected in Spain. Babesia canis is the most frequent species in Europe, being especially frequent in the coldest areas of Europe which represent a proper habitat for its vector, Dermacentor reticulatus. Babesia vogeli is more common in Mediterranean regions, affecting especially dogs living in urban and suburban areas since its vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, is an endophilic species. Babesia vulpes is considered endemic in Galicia and occasional in other European countries; it was suggested that its vector is lxodes hexagonus, a tick related to wildlife such as foxes and hedgehogs. Babesia gibsoni is more frequent in Eastern Europe, being found sporadically in other European countries. A number of investigations suggest that small Babesia species are more pathogenic than large species, and their prognosis is usually worst. Anyway, the severity of the clinical sings also depends on other factors such as the immune response of the animal, the presence of concomitant infections or the parasite burden. For these reasons, further studies are needed for unravelling this issue. Significant differences on the drugs used for treating infections caused by different Babesia species were found. Thus, imidocarb dipropionate is the drug of choice for treating large Babesia infections, and the combination of atovaquone and azithromycin for the small Babesia species. For this reason, a quick diagnosis and identification of the Babesia species involved is essential for providing a proper treatment and, thus, improving the prognosis.
Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne parasitic disease mainly characterized by a febrile syndrome, haemolytic anaemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and leucopoenia. The acute course is the most common, causing serious repercussions for the animal health that can be fatal; however, noticeable differences in the clinical signs, treatment, and the prognosis of canine babesiosis can be observed depending on the species involved. For this reason, the aims of this revision were identifying the different Babesia species affecting dogs in Europe, their vectors and geographical distribution, as well as the possible differences in their pathogenicity and clinical manifestations. Finally, the most effective pharmacological treatments against the different Babesia species affecting dogs will be described. In Europe, four different Babesia species have been identified in dogs: Babesia canis and Babesia vogeli (Large Babesia species), and Babesia vulpes and Babesia gibsoni (small Babesia species). All of them have been detected in Spain. Babesia canis is the most frequent species in Europe, being especially frequent in the coldest areas of Europe which represent a proper habitat for its vector, Dermacentor reticulatus. Babesia vogeli is more common in Mediterranean regions, affecting especially dogs living in urban and suburban areas since its vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, is an endophilic species. Babesia vulpes is considered endemic in Galicia and occasional in other European countries; it was suggested that its vector is lxodes hexagonus, a tick related to wildlife such as foxes and hedgehogs. Babesia gibsoni is more frequent in Eastern Europe, being found sporadically in other European countries. A number of investigations suggest that small Babesia species are more pathogenic than large species, and their prognosis is usually worst. Anyway, the severity of the clinical sings also depends on other factors such as the immune response of the animal, the presence of concomitant infections or the parasite burden. For these reasons, further studies are needed for unravelling this issue. Significant differences on the drugs used for treating infections caused by different Babesia species were found. Thus, imidocarb dipropionate is the drug of choice for treating large Babesia infections, and the combination of atovaquone and azithromycin for the small Babesia species. For this reason, a quick diagnosis and identification of the Babesia species involved is essential for providing a proper treatment and, thus, improving the prognosis.
Direction
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Co-tutorships)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Effects of hypocalcemia subclinical in the dairy cow and strategies to prevent it
Authorship
A.M.P.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.M.P.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Calcium is a very abundant mineral in dairy cows (1-2% of their live weight), it is important because it participates in many physiological processes. In the immediate moments before and after childbirth, an imbalance occurs in its concentration in the blood, which produces hypocalcemia. Currently the incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows is very high, it is between 50%, it varies according to the author. There are some factors that predispose to its presence such as breed, age, number of births, body condition, production level, hours of light to which they are exposed or the consumption of forages with high potassium content. To diagnose it, blood tests must be performed with equipment calibrated for the species. The cut-off point to consider a serum calcium concentration as subclinical hypocalcemia varies between 7.54 mg/dl and 9.42 mg/dl depending on the study. This pathology produces numerous effects in high-producing cows, most of them derived from the decrease in smooth muscle activity, secondary to low levels of Ca. It reduces rumino-intestinal motility, which triggers the displacement of the abomasum and the reduction of consumption of dry matter, leading to cases of ketosis and decreased milk production. In the same way, uterine motility decreases, which leads to retention of the placenta and delay in uterine involution, triggering infections in the uterus and increasing cases of metritis. Affecting the activity of the smooth muscle also favors the development of mastitis, since it prevents the correct closure of the sphincter of the nipple. Most of these effects negatively affect the health and milk production of dairy cows and therefore the economic profitability of farms. Given this problem, it is necessary to carry out strategies that help prevent the development of subclinical hypocalcemia in these animals. The most studied and tested control measures are low-calcium diets, diets with negative DCAD and supplements with vitamin D or calcium (oral, subcutaneous or intravenous). It seems that these techniques help reduce the incidence although some of the research carried out obtain contradictory results. It is essential that more experiments and studies be carried out to ensure that the techniques are truly effective and unify results that corroborate it.
Calcium is a very abundant mineral in dairy cows (1-2% of their live weight), it is important because it participates in many physiological processes. In the immediate moments before and after childbirth, an imbalance occurs in its concentration in the blood, which produces hypocalcemia. Currently the incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows is very high, it is between 50%, it varies according to the author. There are some factors that predispose to its presence such as breed, age, number of births, body condition, production level, hours of light to which they are exposed or the consumption of forages with high potassium content. To diagnose it, blood tests must be performed with equipment calibrated for the species. The cut-off point to consider a serum calcium concentration as subclinical hypocalcemia varies between 7.54 mg/dl and 9.42 mg/dl depending on the study. This pathology produces numerous effects in high-producing cows, most of them derived from the decrease in smooth muscle activity, secondary to low levels of Ca. It reduces rumino-intestinal motility, which triggers the displacement of the abomasum and the reduction of consumption of dry matter, leading to cases of ketosis and decreased milk production. In the same way, uterine motility decreases, which leads to retention of the placenta and delay in uterine involution, triggering infections in the uterus and increasing cases of metritis. Affecting the activity of the smooth muscle also favors the development of mastitis, since it prevents the correct closure of the sphincter of the nipple. Most of these effects negatively affect the health and milk production of dairy cows and therefore the economic profitability of farms. Given this problem, it is necessary to carry out strategies that help prevent the development of subclinical hypocalcemia in these animals. The most studied and tested control measures are low-calcium diets, diets with negative DCAD and supplements with vitamin D or calcium (oral, subcutaneous or intravenous). It seems that these techniques help reduce the incidence although some of the research carried out obtain contradictory results. It is essential that more experiments and studies be carried out to ensure that the techniques are truly effective and unify results that corroborate it.
Direction
RIGUEIRA REY, LUCAS (Tutorships)
RIGUEIRA REY, LUCAS (Tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Brucellosis in dolphins. Regarding cases stranded in Cantabria.
Authorship
C.P.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.P.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Brucellosis is a bacterial disease discovered in the 19th century, which affects multiple species of mammals including humans, although it has specific hosts. The review focuses on those species of Brucella spp. that affect cetaceans, specifically Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis. Although research in some fields of marine mammal health is still limited, in recent years the study on this topic has been expanded. In these animals, brucellosis may be asymptomatic or present clinical signs. In most of the studied cases, the species B. ceti has been observed as the cause of different alterations that include neurological signs and lesions in the CNS, as well as in other organs and systems. This species is characterized by causing neurobrucellosis especially in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Most of the studies carried out in the recent years on brucellosis in cetaceans have been based on strandings of these animals on beaches in different geographical locations. However, the cause of strandings in cetaceans that present this infection is still unknown in many cases and is sometimes associated with other concurrent diseases such as Toxoplasma gondii or Morbilivirus. In this work, a review of the most relevant findings from dolphin strandings that tested positive in Brucella spp. diagnostic tests in the region of Cantabria has been carried out. In addition, bacterial culture is discussed as reference technique for the diagnosis of Brucella spp. in comparison to other diagnostic tests, given the disparity of results. The importance of research in this field is highlighted for the establishment of new diagnostic techniques that allow establishing new accurate data on the pathogenesis, transmission routes and mortality of this disease in cetaceans.
Brucellosis is a bacterial disease discovered in the 19th century, which affects multiple species of mammals including humans, although it has specific hosts. The review focuses on those species of Brucella spp. that affect cetaceans, specifically Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis. Although research in some fields of marine mammal health is still limited, in recent years the study on this topic has been expanded. In these animals, brucellosis may be asymptomatic or present clinical signs. In most of the studied cases, the species B. ceti has been observed as the cause of different alterations that include neurological signs and lesions in the CNS, as well as in other organs and systems. This species is characterized by causing neurobrucellosis especially in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Most of the studies carried out in the recent years on brucellosis in cetaceans have been based on strandings of these animals on beaches in different geographical locations. However, the cause of strandings in cetaceans that present this infection is still unknown in many cases and is sometimes associated with other concurrent diseases such as Toxoplasma gondii or Morbilivirus. In this work, a review of the most relevant findings from dolphin strandings that tested positive in Brucella spp. diagnostic tests in the region of Cantabria has been carried out. In addition, bacterial culture is discussed as reference technique for the diagnosis of Brucella spp. in comparison to other diagnostic tests, given the disparity of results. The importance of research in this field is highlighted for the establishment of new diagnostic techniques that allow establishing new accurate data on the pathogenesis, transmission routes and mortality of this disease in cetaceans.
Direction
Vázquez Rodríguez, Sonia (Tutorships)
AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA DE (Co-tutorships)
Fayos Martínez, Manena (Co-tutorships)
Vázquez Rodríguez, Sonia (Tutorships)
AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA DE (Co-tutorships)
Fayos Martínez, Manena (Co-tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Cataracts in teleosts: causes, productive consequences and prevention strategies
Authorship
A.F.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.F.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
Cataracts in teleosts, or bony fish, are opacities of the eye´s lens that reduce visual capacity and can cause blindness. These can be caused by nutritional, environmental, chemical, or infectious factors. The prevalence varies and can reach up to 100% in some cases. The ability to feed decreases, reducing growth rates and increasing mortality, which negatively impacts the aquaculture economy and animal welfare. Cataracts are irreversible processes, but those of osmotic origin may be reversible, making prevention the best control method. The literature review addresses the structure of the lens, the etiology of cataracts, their economic impact, the implications for animal welfare, and prevention methods.
Cataracts in teleosts, or bony fish, are opacities of the eye´s lens that reduce visual capacity and can cause blindness. These can be caused by nutritional, environmental, chemical, or infectious factors. The prevalence varies and can reach up to 100% in some cases. The ability to feed decreases, reducing growth rates and increasing mortality, which negatively impacts the aquaculture economy and animal welfare. Cataracts are irreversible processes, but those of osmotic origin may be reversible, making prevention the best control method. The literature review addresses the structure of the lens, the etiology of cataracts, their economic impact, the implications for animal welfare, and prevention methods.
Direction
QUIROGA BERDEAL, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA DE (Co-tutorships)
QUIROGA BERDEAL, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA DE (Co-tutorships)
Court
DIAZ VIZCAINO, ELVIRA ANTONIA (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
DIAZ VIZCAINO, ELVIRA ANTONIA (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
The role of the microbiome on bovine inmunity
Authorship
J.P.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
J.P.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
The gastrointestinal tract of ruminants is a complex system whose main characteristic is the division of the stomach into several compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. However, no less noteworthy is the special symbiotic relationship that takes place between some organisms that are part of the microbiota, the microscopic flora that resides in a living organism (Royal Spanish Academy, n.d., definition 1), and the host's body structures. The main objective of this literature review is to evaluate the role played by the digestive system and its components in the development of immunity in cattle, focusing especially on the type of components and their relationship with immune system activation. Additionally, the description of the effects of the microbiota on the control of different diseases will be considered. The influence of the gut-microbiota axis on immune system activation is based on a series of mechanisms, including the regulation of tight junction proteins, the establishment of the death zone (inner mucosal layer), the expression of Toll-like receptors, and the development of the common mucosal immune system.
The gastrointestinal tract of ruminants is a complex system whose main characteristic is the division of the stomach into several compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. However, no less noteworthy is the special symbiotic relationship that takes place between some organisms that are part of the microbiota, the microscopic flora that resides in a living organism (Royal Spanish Academy, n.d., definition 1), and the host's body structures. The main objective of this literature review is to evaluate the role played by the digestive system and its components in the development of immunity in cattle, focusing especially on the type of components and their relationship with immune system activation. Additionally, the description of the effects of the microbiota on the control of different diseases will be considered. The influence of the gut-microbiota axis on immune system activation is based on a series of mechanisms, including the regulation of tight junction proteins, the establishment of the death zone (inner mucosal layer), the expression of Toll-like receptors, and the development of the common mucosal immune system.
Direction
HERNANDEZ BERMUDEZ, JOAQUIN RICARDO (Tutorships)
HERNANDEZ BERMUDEZ, JOAQUIN RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Use of Doppler Ultrasound in Cattle Reproduction.
Authorship
A.A.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.A.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.20.2024 09:00
06.20.2024 09:00
Summary
Ultrasonography is a diagnostic technique that uses ultrasounds to create images of tissues. It was first introduced into veterinary medicine in the 1980s and now is an essential procedure in animal reproduction. When it comes to cattle, it is considered a valuable tool to optimize efficiency and reproductive management on farms, especially those dedicated to dairy production. Within ultrasound, the Doppler mode allows us to appreciate alterations in the frequency of the waves due to the relative movement between the emitting and receiving sources. Two main variants of Doppler are distinguished depending on how the signal is emitted and received by the transducer: continuous and pulsed Doppler. Within the latter, there are included color, spectral and power Doppler, each of which can be used to analyse various aspects related to blood flow. Based on its operation, different applications have been described in cattle reproduction. The Doppler mode can be used to evaluate the functionality of the corpus luteum, which can allow to make an early non-pregnancy diagnosis. Performing this procedure precociously leds to an early resynchronization with fixed-time insemination. Another possible application is evaluating the aptitude of recipient cows and the viability of the embryo in embryo transfer procedures. On the other hand, the evaluation of the vascularity of the preovulatory follicle makes it possible to predict the moment of ovulation and estimate fertility. In addition, there are also applications in the diagnosis and evolution of uterine pathologies and ovarian cysts in cows, which contributes to more effective management of the reproductive health of cattle. In the light of the above, the use of the Doppler mode in the field of bovine reproduction is promising. Nevertheless, further research and development is needed to achieve efficiency in practical application.
Ultrasonography is a diagnostic technique that uses ultrasounds to create images of tissues. It was first introduced into veterinary medicine in the 1980s and now is an essential procedure in animal reproduction. When it comes to cattle, it is considered a valuable tool to optimize efficiency and reproductive management on farms, especially those dedicated to dairy production. Within ultrasound, the Doppler mode allows us to appreciate alterations in the frequency of the waves due to the relative movement between the emitting and receiving sources. Two main variants of Doppler are distinguished depending on how the signal is emitted and received by the transducer: continuous and pulsed Doppler. Within the latter, there are included color, spectral and power Doppler, each of which can be used to analyse various aspects related to blood flow. Based on its operation, different applications have been described in cattle reproduction. The Doppler mode can be used to evaluate the functionality of the corpus luteum, which can allow to make an early non-pregnancy diagnosis. Performing this procedure precociously leds to an early resynchronization with fixed-time insemination. Another possible application is evaluating the aptitude of recipient cows and the viability of the embryo in embryo transfer procedures. On the other hand, the evaluation of the vascularity of the preovulatory follicle makes it possible to predict the moment of ovulation and estimate fertility. In addition, there are also applications in the diagnosis and evolution of uterine pathologies and ovarian cysts in cows, which contributes to more effective management of the reproductive health of cattle. In the light of the above, the use of the Doppler mode in the field of bovine reproduction is promising. Nevertheless, further research and development is needed to achieve efficiency in practical application.
Direction
Becerra González, Juan José (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ RAMIL, UXIA (Co-tutorships)
Becerra González, Juan José (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ RAMIL, UXIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Magnesium homeostasis. Hypomagnesemia in cattle.
Authorship
R.M.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
R.M.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Hypomagnesemia or grass tetany is a metabolic disorder associated with low levels of blood magnesium, when the intake or availability of this by animals is low. It is a seasonal disease that is more pronounced in spring, mainly affecting female cattle with high milk production. It is a multifactorial process in which both exogenous and endogenous factors intervene, generally related to diet and impacting magnesium metabolism. In the following work, a bibliographic review will be carried out trying to establish the principles of magnesium homeostasis, placing special emphasis on its absorption, excretion and different antagonistic interactions that help us understand the cause of this disease in its different presentations, being able to propose numerous prevention measures and more sensitive and specific diagnostic techniques.
Hypomagnesemia or grass tetany is a metabolic disorder associated with low levels of blood magnesium, when the intake or availability of this by animals is low. It is a seasonal disease that is more pronounced in spring, mainly affecting female cattle with high milk production. It is a multifactorial process in which both exogenous and endogenous factors intervene, generally related to diet and impacting magnesium metabolism. In the following work, a bibliographic review will be carried out trying to establish the principles of magnesium homeostasis, placing special emphasis on its absorption, excretion and different antagonistic interactions that help us understand the cause of this disease in its different presentations, being able to propose numerous prevention measures and more sensitive and specific diagnostic techniques.
Direction
FIDALGO ALVAREZ, LUIS EUSEBIO (Tutorships)
FIDALGO ALVAREZ, LUIS EUSEBIO (Tutorships)
Court
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
Diagnostic approach and treatment of feline gingivostomatitis
Authorship
M.L.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.L.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.13.2024 09:00
09.13.2024 09:00
Summary
Feline gingivostomatitis (FGS) is a common disease in small animal clinics that affects the oral health of cats. It is characterized by chronic and immune-mediated inflammation of the tissues in the oral cavity, leading to a significant deterioration in the quality of life for affected felines. Diagnosis of this condition is typically based on the presence of clinical signs and the observation of characteristic lesions in specific areas. Despite its prevalence, the exact etiology of FGS remains unknown to this day. It is believed that multiple viral and bacterial pathogens may be involved in its development. However, due to the multifactorial nature of the disease and the lack of precise understanding of its origin, treatment proves to be challenging. Currently, there is no specific treatment approach for FGS, and success rates are unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, it has been observed that surgical intervention, particularly through the extraction of affected teeth (exodontia), has yielded the best results. As a result, medical treatment has taken a secondary role compared to surgical intervention. In summary, FGS is a common oral disease in cats characterized by chronic inflammation of the tissues in the oral cavity. Although the exact cause is unknown, the involvement of various pathogens is suspected. Surgical treatment, such as exodontia, has proven to be more effective than available medical options.
Feline gingivostomatitis (FGS) is a common disease in small animal clinics that affects the oral health of cats. It is characterized by chronic and immune-mediated inflammation of the tissues in the oral cavity, leading to a significant deterioration in the quality of life for affected felines. Diagnosis of this condition is typically based on the presence of clinical signs and the observation of characteristic lesions in specific areas. Despite its prevalence, the exact etiology of FGS remains unknown to this day. It is believed that multiple viral and bacterial pathogens may be involved in its development. However, due to the multifactorial nature of the disease and the lack of precise understanding of its origin, treatment proves to be challenging. Currently, there is no specific treatment approach for FGS, and success rates are unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, it has been observed that surgical intervention, particularly through the extraction of affected teeth (exodontia), has yielded the best results. As a result, medical treatment has taken a secondary role compared to surgical intervention. In summary, FGS is a common oral disease in cats characterized by chronic inflammation of the tissues in the oral cavity. Although the exact cause is unknown, the involvement of various pathogens is suspected. Surgical treatment, such as exodontia, has proven to be more effective than available medical options.
Direction
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Tutorships)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
Usefulness of secondary metabolites from Clonostachys rose for veterinary parasite control.
Authorship
C.B.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.B.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.15.2024 09:30
02.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The control of certain parasitic forms affecting animals on farms continues to be a significant problem due to the high economic losses it can cause. Currently, the constant search for more ecological control methods and the increasing resistance to antiparasitic drugs lead to the exploration of sustainable alternatives. One of them is based on biological control using microscopic saprophytic filamentous fungi from the soil, such as Clonostachys rosea. This fungus has several mechanisms of action against parasites, and one of them is the release of secondary metabolites that can ant against these pathogens. In this study, two trials were conducted with secondary metabolites of C. rosea. In Trial 1, its coccidiocidal activity against Eimeria acervulina oocysts was evaluated, and in Trial 2, its ovicidal and ovistatic activity against Ascaris suum eggs was analyzed. Each trial included four tests in which secondary metabolites collected at 7 and 15 days of incubation were used, so that different parasitic forms (oocysts and eggs) were exposed to the metabolites one or twice. It was observed that the secondary metabolites of C. rosea exerted a slight coccidiocidal and ovistatic action but no ovicidal action. The activity against oocysts and eggs increased when secondary metabolites collected at 15 days of incubation were used, and they were applied twice. These preliminary results indicate that the secondary metabolites of the fungus, under the conditions used in this study, do not significantly reduce the possibility of infection in animals by E. acervuline and A. suum. Despite this, considering that it is the first time that C. rosea metabolites are used against animal parasites, the obtained results are considered useful for gathering information about their potential utility and in the design of new efficacy test.
The control of certain parasitic forms affecting animals on farms continues to be a significant problem due to the high economic losses it can cause. Currently, the constant search for more ecological control methods and the increasing resistance to antiparasitic drugs lead to the exploration of sustainable alternatives. One of them is based on biological control using microscopic saprophytic filamentous fungi from the soil, such as Clonostachys rosea. This fungus has several mechanisms of action against parasites, and one of them is the release of secondary metabolites that can ant against these pathogens. In this study, two trials were conducted with secondary metabolites of C. rosea. In Trial 1, its coccidiocidal activity against Eimeria acervulina oocysts was evaluated, and in Trial 2, its ovicidal and ovistatic activity against Ascaris suum eggs was analyzed. Each trial included four tests in which secondary metabolites collected at 7 and 15 days of incubation were used, so that different parasitic forms (oocysts and eggs) were exposed to the metabolites one or twice. It was observed that the secondary metabolites of C. rosea exerted a slight coccidiocidal and ovistatic action but no ovicidal action. The activity against oocysts and eggs increased when secondary metabolites collected at 15 days of incubation were used, and they were applied twice. These preliminary results indicate that the secondary metabolites of the fungus, under the conditions used in this study, do not significantly reduce the possibility of infection in animals by E. acervuline and A. suum. Despite this, considering that it is the first time that C. rosea metabolites are used against animal parasites, the obtained results are considered useful for gathering information about their potential utility and in the design of new efficacy test.
Direction
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Tutorships)
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Tutorships)
Court
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Barros Velázquez, Jorge (Chairman)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Secretary)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Member)
Radiographic approach to bone development diseases of appendicular skeleton in small animals.
Authorship
E.V.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
E.V.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.20.2024 09:00
06.20.2024 09:00
Summary
The radiographic manifestations of growth osteopathies are a very useful element for the diagnosis of them, although sometimes the signs are very similar among those of different etiologies, which does not allow to arrive at a definitive diagnosis, although it does give rise to a differential diagnosis. The study of the radiographic approach to these pathologies has barely been addressed in recent years, with the exception of clinical case reports or research on hereditary etiological factors and treatments, which means that information about radiographic signs has barely increased in recent years. However, this is not an impediment to progress in the diagnosis of the case of a patient suffering from growth osteopathy based on the radiographic approach of the bones thereof.
The radiographic manifestations of growth osteopathies are a very useful element for the diagnosis of them, although sometimes the signs are very similar among those of different etiologies, which does not allow to arrive at a definitive diagnosis, although it does give rise to a differential diagnosis. The study of the radiographic approach to these pathologies has barely been addressed in recent years, with the exception of clinical case reports or research on hereditary etiological factors and treatments, which means that information about radiographic signs has barely increased in recent years. However, this is not an impediment to progress in the diagnosis of the case of a patient suffering from growth osteopathy based on the radiographic approach of the bones thereof.
Direction
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Tutorships)
BARREIRO VAZQUEZ, JOSE DANIEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Biomonitoring of the accumulation of toxic and essential metals in trout (Salmo trutta) from the artificial lake of As Pontes de García Rodríguez
Authorship
C.V.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.V.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:30
09.13.2024 10:30
Summary
This study investigates the accumulation of toxic and essential elements in trout from a pit lake situated within the old lignite mine of As Pontes de García Rodríguez (NW Spain), comparing findings with specimens from upstream of the Eume River and a local fish farm. Liver and muscle samples from lake (n=16), river (n=14), and fish farm (n=10) specimens captured during March-April 2022 were acid digested and analyzed via ICP-MS. Mining activities in As Pontes were found to significantly impact the aquatic ecosystem. Significantly higher levels of Cd, Ni, Co, and Cu were notably present in the liver of lake fish, likely due to runoff from the spoil heap. Similarly, increased levels of Al, Pb, and Hg were observed in river trout, associated with coal combustion at the thermal power plant. Despite these variations, water quality standards for toxic and essential elements in both the pit lake and river remain low, posing no immediate threat to aquatic life. Muscle tissue concentrations of these metals in wild fish, although higher than in farmed fish, were within EU limits. These findings underscore the efficacy of fish as indicators of environmental exposure and emphasize the ongoing need for monitoring the pit lake to assess long-term impacts of mining activities on aquatic health. The liver proves particularly valuable in these assessments, providing a precise reflection of metal exposure and serving as a crucial organ for evaluating environmental contamination and ecosystem health.
This study investigates the accumulation of toxic and essential elements in trout from a pit lake situated within the old lignite mine of As Pontes de García Rodríguez (NW Spain), comparing findings with specimens from upstream of the Eume River and a local fish farm. Liver and muscle samples from lake (n=16), river (n=14), and fish farm (n=10) specimens captured during March-April 2022 were acid digested and analyzed via ICP-MS. Mining activities in As Pontes were found to significantly impact the aquatic ecosystem. Significantly higher levels of Cd, Ni, Co, and Cu were notably present in the liver of lake fish, likely due to runoff from the spoil heap. Similarly, increased levels of Al, Pb, and Hg were observed in river trout, associated with coal combustion at the thermal power plant. Despite these variations, water quality standards for toxic and essential elements in both the pit lake and river remain low, posing no immediate threat to aquatic life. Muscle tissue concentrations of these metals in wild fish, although higher than in farmed fish, were within EU limits. These findings underscore the efficacy of fish as indicators of environmental exposure and emphasize the ongoing need for monitoring the pit lake to assess long-term impacts of mining activities on aquatic health. The liver proves particularly valuable in these assessments, providing a precise reflection of metal exposure and serving as a crucial organ for evaluating environmental contamination and ecosystem health.
Direction
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Tutorships)
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Resolution of tibiotarsus fracture in Asian Houbara Bustard. Comparative analysis and optimisation of techniques.
Authorship
A.D.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.D.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Tibiotarsus is one of the most frequently fractured bones in birds, which is why it has been chosen for this project. The Asian Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis macqueenii), which is an animal in a vulnerable state, is a fundamental pillar in the Arabian culture, so it’s crucial to solve its recurrent pathologies in a successful way. For a correct resolution it is essential to know in detail the anatomy of the area to be treated, as well as the specific differences of the species. Therefore, in this dissertation, the osteology, myology, irrigation and innervation of the houbara´s tibiotarsal area are studied individually, thus obtaining a detailed anatomical knowledge and discarding significant differences with other avian species. In order to select the most appropriate technique in each case, it´s important to analyse each type of fracture individually. It is transcendental to determine whether the fracture is open or closed, the latter being much more common and having a better prognosis. Structurally, they are usually transverse and oblique, and both of them can be complicated by the presence of bone fragments. The proximal, medial or distal location of the fracture is also very relevant when it comes to the approach. Orthopaedic techniques for addressing these issues are divided into two main groups: external coaptation and surgical techniques. Although the surgical option should be the one of choice, sometimes it´s not possible to perform it, so external coaptation is also important. The external coaptation techniques discussed are the Schroeder-Thomas splint and the cylindrical syringe splint. As for the surgical approach, several techniques are discussed: intramedullary pin, external fixator and tie-in. It is important to point out that the tie-in or hybrid fixator is the one that obtains the best results in most cases. This technique consists of a combination of an intramedullary pin and a type I external fixator, joined by a connecting bar. The tie-in technique can be accomplished by following a normograde approach, accessing through the tibial plateau, or a retrograde approach, accessing through the fracture site, with the former being recommended for the most part, especially in closed fractures. However, on several occasions, this technique is not possible or is not the most indicated, so it´s necessary to know all the alternatives and select the best option in each specific case.
Tibiotarsus is one of the most frequently fractured bones in birds, which is why it has been chosen for this project. The Asian Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis macqueenii), which is an animal in a vulnerable state, is a fundamental pillar in the Arabian culture, so it’s crucial to solve its recurrent pathologies in a successful way. For a correct resolution it is essential to know in detail the anatomy of the area to be treated, as well as the specific differences of the species. Therefore, in this dissertation, the osteology, myology, irrigation and innervation of the houbara´s tibiotarsal area are studied individually, thus obtaining a detailed anatomical knowledge and discarding significant differences with other avian species. In order to select the most appropriate technique in each case, it´s important to analyse each type of fracture individually. It is transcendental to determine whether the fracture is open or closed, the latter being much more common and having a better prognosis. Structurally, they are usually transverse and oblique, and both of them can be complicated by the presence of bone fragments. The proximal, medial or distal location of the fracture is also very relevant when it comes to the approach. Orthopaedic techniques for addressing these issues are divided into two main groups: external coaptation and surgical techniques. Although the surgical option should be the one of choice, sometimes it´s not possible to perform it, so external coaptation is also important. The external coaptation techniques discussed are the Schroeder-Thomas splint and the cylindrical syringe splint. As for the surgical approach, several techniques are discussed: intramedullary pin, external fixator and tie-in. It is important to point out that the tie-in or hybrid fixator is the one that obtains the best results in most cases. This technique consists of a combination of an intramedullary pin and a type I external fixator, joined by a connecting bar. The tie-in technique can be accomplished by following a normograde approach, accessing through the tibial plateau, or a retrograde approach, accessing through the fracture site, with the former being recommended for the most part, especially in closed fractures. However, on several occasions, this technique is not possible or is not the most indicated, so it´s necessary to know all the alternatives and select the best option in each specific case.
Direction
Miño Fariña, Natalia (Tutorships)
Carrasco Muñoz, Mar (Co-tutorships)
Miño Fariña, Natalia (Tutorships)
Carrasco Muñoz, Mar (Co-tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
Detection of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Dogs Suspected of Hemopathogens in Galicia: Risk Factors and Effect on Hematocrit.
Authorship
X.P.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
X.P.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are obligate epicellular bacteria that infect the red blood cells of a wide variety of mammals, potentially causing hemolytic anemia of varying severity. In dogs, two species are described: Mycoplasma haemocanis and “Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum.” In these animals, the infection usually has a chronic asymptomatic course, but splenectomy and immunosuppression favor the development of an acute manifest infection. The objectives of this study were to determine the presence of hemotropic mycoplasmas in dogs with clinical suspicion of hemopathogen infection, identify the molecularly detected species, and determine if certain factors influence the presence of these pathogens. Additionally, the effect of hemotropic mycoplasmas on hematocrit levels was evaluated in single infections and coinfections with Babesia spp. To this end, 60 DNA extractions obtained from blood samples of dogs from Galicia with clinical suspicion of hemopathogen infection were analyzed using conventional PCR for the detection of hemoplasmas. Subsequently, positive samples were sequenced, and their genetic variability was studied by constructing a phylogenetic tree. Then, with the data collected from each animal (age, sex, aptitude, infection with Babesia spp., hematocrit), a statistical analysis was performed to assess possible risk factors and the effect of the infection on hematocrit in single or mixed infections with Babesia spp. A total of 14 samples (23.3%) tested positive, and the species found were: “Ca. M. haematoparvum” (20%) and M. haemocanis (3%). Statistical analysis did not show a significant association between age, sex, and coinfection with Babesia spp. concerning hemoplasma positivity; however, hunting aptitude was significantly associated with a higher infection rate. Furthermore, it was determined that hemotropic mycoplasmas, alone or in coinfection with Babesia spp., do not show a significant effect on hematocrit levels. This study represents the first molecular investigation of the occurrence of these infections in dogs from Galicia, detecting the two species of hemotropic mycoplasmas considered characteristic of the canine species. Additionally, the statistical analysis reinforces the idea that the transmission of these pathogens occurs through vectors, as rural habitat dogs, such as hunting dogs, showed a higher infection rate. However, hemotropic mycoplasmas do not seem to have a high pathogenic capacity, as their presence was not associated with lower hematocrit levels, both in single infections and coinfections with Babesia spp.
Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are obligate epicellular bacteria that infect the red blood cells of a wide variety of mammals, potentially causing hemolytic anemia of varying severity. In dogs, two species are described: Mycoplasma haemocanis and “Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum.” In these animals, the infection usually has a chronic asymptomatic course, but splenectomy and immunosuppression favor the development of an acute manifest infection. The objectives of this study were to determine the presence of hemotropic mycoplasmas in dogs with clinical suspicion of hemopathogen infection, identify the molecularly detected species, and determine if certain factors influence the presence of these pathogens. Additionally, the effect of hemotropic mycoplasmas on hematocrit levels was evaluated in single infections and coinfections with Babesia spp. To this end, 60 DNA extractions obtained from blood samples of dogs from Galicia with clinical suspicion of hemopathogen infection were analyzed using conventional PCR for the detection of hemoplasmas. Subsequently, positive samples were sequenced, and their genetic variability was studied by constructing a phylogenetic tree. Then, with the data collected from each animal (age, sex, aptitude, infection with Babesia spp., hematocrit), a statistical analysis was performed to assess possible risk factors and the effect of the infection on hematocrit in single or mixed infections with Babesia spp. A total of 14 samples (23.3%) tested positive, and the species found were: “Ca. M. haematoparvum” (20%) and M. haemocanis (3%). Statistical analysis did not show a significant association between age, sex, and coinfection with Babesia spp. concerning hemoplasma positivity; however, hunting aptitude was significantly associated with a higher infection rate. Furthermore, it was determined that hemotropic mycoplasmas, alone or in coinfection with Babesia spp., do not show a significant effect on hematocrit levels. This study represents the first molecular investigation of the occurrence of these infections in dogs from Galicia, detecting the two species of hemotropic mycoplasmas considered characteristic of the canine species. Additionally, the statistical analysis reinforces the idea that the transmission of these pathogens occurs through vectors, as rural habitat dogs, such as hunting dogs, showed a higher infection rate. However, hemotropic mycoplasmas do not seem to have a high pathogenic capacity, as their presence was not associated with lower hematocrit levels, both in single infections and coinfections with Babesia spp.
Direction
Prieto Lago, Alberto (Tutorships)
Prieto Lago, Alberto (Tutorships)
Court
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
ALONSO MEIJIDE, JOSE MARIA (Chairman)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Secretary)
QUINTELA ARIAS, LUÍS ÁNGEL (Member)
Cutaneous filariasis in dogs and cats of Europe.
Authorship
A.H.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.H.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
Cutaneous filariasis is a group of diseases caused by nematodes of the order Spirurida, superfamily Filarioidea, in which infected animals may exhibit a series of clinical dermatological signs including skin inflammation and redness, itching, and sometimes the formation of subcutaneous nodules. The parasites responsible for these filariasis have an indirect life cycle involving a haematophagous arthropod that acts as an intermediate host. Cutaneous filariasis is distributed worldwide, although it is more common in tropical and subtropical regions. However, the geographical distribution of these diseases is changing, showing an increased number of clinical cases in areas where they were not previously frequent. This is due, among other factors, to globalization, climate change, and changes in the distribution patterns of their vectors. In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of these diseases in domestic animals in Europe, especially in dogs, and the first cases in humans have been detected. However, the geographical distribution of these parasitosis, their epidemiology, and even their prevalence in domestic animals is unknown, which is possibly underestimated. Moreover, although they are considered apathogenic, their pathogenicity is not precisely known and, with few exceptions, there are no registered drugs for their treatment. The main objective of this final degree project is to determine which parasitic species causing cutaneous filariasis in dogs and cats are the most frequent in Europe as well as their distribution. In addition, the main clinical signs and lesions presented by parasitized animals will be described and the most commonly used laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of these parasitoses will be discussed. Finally, the main risk factors related to these filariasis will be studied, and the main prevention measures and active ingredients registered for their treatment in dogs and cats will be described.
Cutaneous filariasis is a group of diseases caused by nematodes of the order Spirurida, superfamily Filarioidea, in which infected animals may exhibit a series of clinical dermatological signs including skin inflammation and redness, itching, and sometimes the formation of subcutaneous nodules. The parasites responsible for these filariasis have an indirect life cycle involving a haematophagous arthropod that acts as an intermediate host. Cutaneous filariasis is distributed worldwide, although it is more common in tropical and subtropical regions. However, the geographical distribution of these diseases is changing, showing an increased number of clinical cases in areas where they were not previously frequent. This is due, among other factors, to globalization, climate change, and changes in the distribution patterns of their vectors. In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of these diseases in domestic animals in Europe, especially in dogs, and the first cases in humans have been detected. However, the geographical distribution of these parasitosis, their epidemiology, and even their prevalence in domestic animals is unknown, which is possibly underestimated. Moreover, although they are considered apathogenic, their pathogenicity is not precisely known and, with few exceptions, there are no registered drugs for their treatment. The main objective of this final degree project is to determine which parasitic species causing cutaneous filariasis in dogs and cats are the most frequent in Europe as well as their distribution. In addition, the main clinical signs and lesions presented by parasitized animals will be described and the most commonly used laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of these parasitoses will be discussed. Finally, the main risk factors related to these filariasis will be studied, and the main prevention measures and active ingredients registered for their treatment in dogs and cats will be described.
Direction
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Tutorships)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
Surgical treatment of canine glaucoma.
Authorship
Y.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Y.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
06.21.2024 09:00
06.21.2024 09:00
Summary
Canine glaucoma is a pathology that causes blindness in dogs due to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), caused by the alteration of aqueous humor (AH) drainage. The management of canine glaucoma includes both medical and surgical treatments, the latter being necessary in cases where pharmacological treatment fails to control IOP. This literature review focuses on classifying and evaluating the various surgical techniques available for the treatment of primary glaucoma in dogs, also mentioning techniques applicable to secondary glaucoma. The various surgical techniques are classified into three main categories: cyclodestructive procedures, which destroy part of the ciliary body to reduce AH production; filtering procedures or aqueous humor shunts, which create a new drainage channel for AH or place devices that facilitate its drainage; and rescue procedures for non-visual patients, considered as options for advanced cases where vision recovery is no longer possible. Finally, the review concludes that there is no ideal technique for all cases of canine glaucoma. The choice of surgical treatment should be based on an individual evaluation of each patient, considering both the effectiveness of the technique and the possible complications. Furthermore, the importance of early intervention to improve visual outcomes and reduce pain is emphasized.
Canine glaucoma is a pathology that causes blindness in dogs due to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), caused by the alteration of aqueous humor (AH) drainage. The management of canine glaucoma includes both medical and surgical treatments, the latter being necessary in cases where pharmacological treatment fails to control IOP. This literature review focuses on classifying and evaluating the various surgical techniques available for the treatment of primary glaucoma in dogs, also mentioning techniques applicable to secondary glaucoma. The various surgical techniques are classified into three main categories: cyclodestructive procedures, which destroy part of the ciliary body to reduce AH production; filtering procedures or aqueous humor shunts, which create a new drainage channel for AH or place devices that facilitate its drainage; and rescue procedures for non-visual patients, considered as options for advanced cases where vision recovery is no longer possible. Finally, the review concludes that there is no ideal technique for all cases of canine glaucoma. The choice of surgical treatment should be based on an individual evaluation of each patient, considering both the effectiveness of the technique and the possible complications. Furthermore, the importance of early intervention to improve visual outcomes and reduce pain is emphasized.
Direction
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Chairman)
CARRERA GONZALEZ, MARIA CRISTINA (Secretary)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Member)
Ascaricidal effect of saprophytic fungi Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma atrobrunneum
Authorship
A.D.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.D.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Nowadays the increasing constraint controlling Ascaris Suum in pig holdings, in addition to the economic loss incurred due to the livers forfeiture and a reduced piglet growth, requires the search of an alternative method of prevention and control for Ascaris Suum to drugs. A promising alternative may be found through biological control by the use of saprophytic fungi, which would also solve the problem of resistance shown by the different kinds of antiparastic agents. The present study was designed to analyze the effects of fungi, as Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma atrobrunneum, on nematode eggs. For this matter, a parasite sample containing 19000 eggs was exposed to the fungus spores for a period of 45 days. In order to ascertain the viability as the effective implementation of this experiment during its course, five observations were made (days 0, 12, 25, 35 and 43 of exposure), assesing both morphology and degree of development of the eggs. The conducted study showed a different ovistatic effect from the fungus. On the one hand, fungus C. rosea had an ovistatic effect that carried out during the 45 days of the experiment, which consisted of inhibiting the development of the eggs, remaining its viability without embryonic development. On the other hand, T. atrobrunneum showed some ovicidal effect throughout the whole experiment, and a reversible ovistatic effect that lasted until day 35, after which the percentage of developed viable eggs was increased. The results show that the use of these saprophytic fungi could be a viable alternative for the prevention of Ascaris Suum in pig holdings.
Nowadays the increasing constraint controlling Ascaris Suum in pig holdings, in addition to the economic loss incurred due to the livers forfeiture and a reduced piglet growth, requires the search of an alternative method of prevention and control for Ascaris Suum to drugs. A promising alternative may be found through biological control by the use of saprophytic fungi, which would also solve the problem of resistance shown by the different kinds of antiparastic agents. The present study was designed to analyze the effects of fungi, as Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma atrobrunneum, on nematode eggs. For this matter, a parasite sample containing 19000 eggs was exposed to the fungus spores for a period of 45 days. In order to ascertain the viability as the effective implementation of this experiment during its course, five observations were made (days 0, 12, 25, 35 and 43 of exposure), assesing both morphology and degree of development of the eggs. The conducted study showed a different ovistatic effect from the fungus. On the one hand, fungus C. rosea had an ovistatic effect that carried out during the 45 days of the experiment, which consisted of inhibiting the development of the eggs, remaining its viability without embryonic development. On the other hand, T. atrobrunneum showed some ovicidal effect throughout the whole experiment, and a reversible ovistatic effect that lasted until day 35, after which the percentage of developed viable eggs was increased. The results show that the use of these saprophytic fungi could be a viable alternative for the prevention of Ascaris Suum in pig holdings.
Direction
PAZ SILVA, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
HERNANDEZ MALAGON, JOSE ANGEL (Co-tutorships)
PAZ SILVA, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
HERNANDEZ MALAGON, JOSE ANGEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
Inmobilization protocols in Ursus arctos
Authorship
C.P.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.P.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.16.2024 09:30
02.16.2024 09:30
Summary
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Spain, although current indications suggest that it is recovering, remains a species at risk of extinction. For this reason, it is necessary to have tools that allow us to manage populations adequately to ensure proper coexistence with humans. Taking this into account, the objective of this work has been to present the main sedation protocols in Ursus arctos found in the literature, suitable for field interventions, especially for the implementation of locator collars, a practice increasingly common in our territory. Before sedations or tranquilizations, it is important to highlight the significance of the capture method used and the consequences it may have on the animal and the success of sedations, emphasizing the intrinsic advantages and disadvantages of each. Currently, some combinations, such as those including ketamine, are obsolete in favor of those combining tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) with alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, such as medetomidine, dexmedetomidine, xylazine, and detomidine. The reliability of these protocols is considered adequate according to the literature, but this work analyzes various parameters such as side effects, the availability of solutions with high concentrations, the existence of antagonists, and cost, which can make some protocols better candidates than others and capable of achieving more balanced sedations.
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Spain, although current indications suggest that it is recovering, remains a species at risk of extinction. For this reason, it is necessary to have tools that allow us to manage populations adequately to ensure proper coexistence with humans. Taking this into account, the objective of this work has been to present the main sedation protocols in Ursus arctos found in the literature, suitable for field interventions, especially for the implementation of locator collars, a practice increasingly common in our territory. Before sedations or tranquilizations, it is important to highlight the significance of the capture method used and the consequences it may have on the animal and the success of sedations, emphasizing the intrinsic advantages and disadvantages of each. Currently, some combinations, such as those including ketamine, are obsolete in favor of those combining tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) with alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, such as medetomidine, dexmedetomidine, xylazine, and detomidine. The reliability of these protocols is considered adequate according to the literature, but this work analyzes various parameters such as side effects, the availability of solutions with high concentrations, the existence of antagonists, and cost, which can make some protocols better candidates than others and capable of achieving more balanced sedations.
Direction
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Valiño Cultelli, María Victoria (Co-tutorships)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Valiño Cultelli, María Victoria (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Secretary)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Member)
Search for new phenotypes correlated with fertility in Holstein heifers
Authorship
L.V.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.V.D.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Anogenital distance (AGD) is a marker of the degree of prenatal exposure to androgens in multiple species. In bovine, it has been defined as the distance from the center of the anus to the base of the clitoris (AGDc) or the dorsal commissure of the vulva (AGDv), as well as the anogenital index, defined as (AGDv/AGDc)*100. Some research has suggested that there is an inverse association between DAG and fertility. Therefore, given its high repeatability and heritability, this measure could be a good candidate for reproductive phenotype. In addition, other studies have observed that prenatal exposure to androgens may influence fertility by affecting primordial follicle development and ovarian reserve size. Therefore, the main objective of the present work was to determine the usefulness of the measurement of AGD and serum concentrations of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), an indirect marker of the follicular population, as predictors of the future reproductive potential in Holstein cattle. A single measurement of AGDv was carried out using 121 Holstein heifers, while the AGDc was measured in 566 females from different farms in A Coruña and Lugo. In addition, a group of 172 females underwent a second AGDc measurement 9 months after the first. The reproductive efficiency of the females was evaluated by age at 1st insemination (Age 1 AI), number of inseminations needed to achieve gestation, age at the beginning of first gestation (AFG), age at first calving (AFC), calving-gestation interval (CG Int) and calving interval (CC Int). On the other hand, blood samples were collected from 80 heifers to determine the concentration of AMH. AGDc (mean value 101.86 mm +- 14.36) increased in 9 months by only 0.051 mm, and a statistically significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with reproductive parameters was observed. Thus, females with lower AGDc had an earlier Age 1 AI, AFG and AFC (13.37 vs 14.13 months, 14.38 vs 15.60 months and 23.64 vs 24.75 months, respectively) than females with a long AGD. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between AGDc and CG Int or CC Int. Finally, no statistically significant association was found between the concentration of AMH and the reproductive parameters mentioned above, a fact that was repeated when studying the correlation between AGDc and AMH (r = -0.128; p greater than 0.05). In short, the results suggest the possibility of using AGDc as a marker of future reproductive efficiency in Holstein heifers. However, there was insufficient evidence that there is an association between AMH concentration and reproductive performance.
Anogenital distance (AGD) is a marker of the degree of prenatal exposure to androgens in multiple species. In bovine, it has been defined as the distance from the center of the anus to the base of the clitoris (AGDc) or the dorsal commissure of the vulva (AGDv), as well as the anogenital index, defined as (AGDv/AGDc)*100. Some research has suggested that there is an inverse association between DAG and fertility. Therefore, given its high repeatability and heritability, this measure could be a good candidate for reproductive phenotype. In addition, other studies have observed that prenatal exposure to androgens may influence fertility by affecting primordial follicle development and ovarian reserve size. Therefore, the main objective of the present work was to determine the usefulness of the measurement of AGD and serum concentrations of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), an indirect marker of the follicular population, as predictors of the future reproductive potential in Holstein cattle. A single measurement of AGDv was carried out using 121 Holstein heifers, while the AGDc was measured in 566 females from different farms in A Coruña and Lugo. In addition, a group of 172 females underwent a second AGDc measurement 9 months after the first. The reproductive efficiency of the females was evaluated by age at 1st insemination (Age 1 AI), number of inseminations needed to achieve gestation, age at the beginning of first gestation (AFG), age at first calving (AFC), calving-gestation interval (CG Int) and calving interval (CC Int). On the other hand, blood samples were collected from 80 heifers to determine the concentration of AMH. AGDc (mean value 101.86 mm +- 14.36) increased in 9 months by only 0.051 mm, and a statistically significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with reproductive parameters was observed. Thus, females with lower AGDc had an earlier Age 1 AI, AFG and AFC (13.37 vs 14.13 months, 14.38 vs 15.60 months and 23.64 vs 24.75 months, respectively) than females with a long AGD. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between AGDc and CG Int or CC Int. Finally, no statistically significant association was found between the concentration of AMH and the reproductive parameters mentioned above, a fact that was repeated when studying the correlation between AGDc and AMH (r = -0.128; p greater than 0.05). In short, the results suggest the possibility of using AGDc as a marker of future reproductive efficiency in Holstein heifers. However, there was insufficient evidence that there is an association between AMH concentration and reproductive performance.
Direction
García Herradón, Pedro José (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ RAMIL, UXIA (Co-tutorships)
García Herradón, Pedro José (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ RAMIL, UXIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
Welfare markers related to chronic hunger in lactating calves
Authorship
J.S.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
J.S.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
The aim of this study was to compare the leptin and ghrelin concentrations of neonatal calves that have been separated from their mothers in two different ways. For this purpose, 8 herds divided into two groups were sampled. Four of them performed early mother-calf separation management (before 24 hours) and the other four performed late mother-calf separation management (after 24 hours). In each group of farms, blood samples were collected from 28 calves, for a total of three samples. Sampling was done before separation (in the case of the late separation system), at two and seven days after the first sampling. In the early separation system, blood samples were collected following a design equivalent in days postpartum to the late separation group. Samples were analysed by commercial ELISA tests specific for bovine leptin and ghrelin, following the manufacturers' instructions. The results obtained indicate a statistically significant increase in leptin and ghrelin concentrations in calves managed under the early separation system, compared to those managed under the late separation system. On the other hand, in both management systems, leptin and ghrelin concentrations remained stable throughout the three samples. The lower feeding frequency and lower feed intake in calves separated immediately from their mothers, compared to calves separated late, would correspond to increased ghrelin concentrations. Likewise, the higher leptin concentrations in calves separated early from their mothers could be caused by the higher stress during early separation, which would generate an elevation of cortisol, resulting in higher leptin concentrations. Therefore, the leptin and ghrelin values observed in this study seem to be indicative of a welfare problem related to prolonged starvation in early separated nursing calves.
The aim of this study was to compare the leptin and ghrelin concentrations of neonatal calves that have been separated from their mothers in two different ways. For this purpose, 8 herds divided into two groups were sampled. Four of them performed early mother-calf separation management (before 24 hours) and the other four performed late mother-calf separation management (after 24 hours). In each group of farms, blood samples were collected from 28 calves, for a total of three samples. Sampling was done before separation (in the case of the late separation system), at two and seven days after the first sampling. In the early separation system, blood samples were collected following a design equivalent in days postpartum to the late separation group. Samples were analysed by commercial ELISA tests specific for bovine leptin and ghrelin, following the manufacturers' instructions. The results obtained indicate a statistically significant increase in leptin and ghrelin concentrations in calves managed under the early separation system, compared to those managed under the late separation system. On the other hand, in both management systems, leptin and ghrelin concentrations remained stable throughout the three samples. The lower feeding frequency and lower feed intake in calves separated immediately from their mothers, compared to calves separated late, would correspond to increased ghrelin concentrations. Likewise, the higher leptin concentrations in calves separated early from their mothers could be caused by the higher stress during early separation, which would generate an elevation of cortisol, resulting in higher leptin concentrations. Therefore, the leptin and ghrelin values observed in this study seem to be indicative of a welfare problem related to prolonged starvation in early separated nursing calves.
Direction
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
ROJO MONTEJO, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Chairman)
DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ, PABLO (Secretary)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Member)
Nasal myiasis of roe deer: epidemiology and cross reactions between different antigens
Authorship
C.F.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.F.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
09.12.2024 16:00
09.12.2024 16:00
Summary
Nasopharyngeal myiasis is caused by the infestation of the nasal and pharyngeal cavities by larvae of flies belonging to the subfamily Oestrinae (Family Oestridae). In cervids, the most common genera are Cephenemyia, Pharyngomyia, and, sporadically, Oestrus. The visualization of larvae constitutes the reference diagnostic method, but it is complicated and laborious, making antibody detection very useful for monitoring these myiases. The objectives of this study were to identify the causative agents of nasopharyngeal myiasis in roe deer in Spain, determine their distribution and epidemiology, and study, through indirect ELISA, the seroprevalence and cross-reactions between somatic antigens obtained from larvae 1 (Ag L1) and larvae 2 (Ag L2). For this, between 2022 and 2024, the nasopharyngeal cavities and sera of 181 roe deer from 11 autonomous communities were analyzed. Morphological analysis of the larvae collected during necropsy identified two distinct species: Cephenemyia stimulator, a specific parasite of roe deer widely distributed in our country, and Oestrus ovis, a common dipteran in domestic sheep and goat herds. C. stimulator larvae were present in 45.3% of the roe deer, while O. ovis larvae were detected in only 5 animals (2.7%). Similarly, the intensity was much higher for C. stimulator, 22.2 (SD 48.99), than for O. ovis, 0.06 (SD 0.46). Notably, no mixed infections were found, and the presence of mature L3 larvae of O. ovis suggests that it can complete its life cycle in roe deer. It was also observed that C. stimulator is present in almost all the northern and central regions of the peninsula, while O. ovis is limited to very specific areas in the regions of Castilla-La Mancha and Castilla y León. However, its presence in roe deer is not accidental, and the conditions of sympatry between domestic and wild ungulates could promote the spread of this myiasis in roe deer. The seroprevalence for C. stimulator was 45.8% with both AgL1 and AgL2, offering acceptable sensitivity and specificity values and a good degree of concordance with necropsy results. In contrast, the seroprevalence for O. ovis was 14.9% with AgL1 and 18.2% with AgL2, offering lower sensitivity, limiting its diagnostic validity due to possible cross-reactions with C. stimulator antigens.
Nasopharyngeal myiasis is caused by the infestation of the nasal and pharyngeal cavities by larvae of flies belonging to the subfamily Oestrinae (Family Oestridae). In cervids, the most common genera are Cephenemyia, Pharyngomyia, and, sporadically, Oestrus. The visualization of larvae constitutes the reference diagnostic method, but it is complicated and laborious, making antibody detection very useful for monitoring these myiases. The objectives of this study were to identify the causative agents of nasopharyngeal myiasis in roe deer in Spain, determine their distribution and epidemiology, and study, through indirect ELISA, the seroprevalence and cross-reactions between somatic antigens obtained from larvae 1 (Ag L1) and larvae 2 (Ag L2). For this, between 2022 and 2024, the nasopharyngeal cavities and sera of 181 roe deer from 11 autonomous communities were analyzed. Morphological analysis of the larvae collected during necropsy identified two distinct species: Cephenemyia stimulator, a specific parasite of roe deer widely distributed in our country, and Oestrus ovis, a common dipteran in domestic sheep and goat herds. C. stimulator larvae were present in 45.3% of the roe deer, while O. ovis larvae were detected in only 5 animals (2.7%). Similarly, the intensity was much higher for C. stimulator, 22.2 (SD 48.99), than for O. ovis, 0.06 (SD 0.46). Notably, no mixed infections were found, and the presence of mature L3 larvae of O. ovis suggests that it can complete its life cycle in roe deer. It was also observed that C. stimulator is present in almost all the northern and central regions of the peninsula, while O. ovis is limited to very specific areas in the regions of Castilla-La Mancha and Castilla y León. However, its presence in roe deer is not accidental, and the conditions of sympatry between domestic and wild ungulates could promote the spread of this myiasis in roe deer. The seroprevalence for C. stimulator was 45.8% with both AgL1 and AgL2, offering acceptable sensitivity and specificity values and a good degree of concordance with necropsy results. In contrast, the seroprevalence for O. ovis was 14.9% with AgL1 and 18.2% with AgL2, offering lower sensitivity, limiting its diagnostic validity due to possible cross-reactions with C. stimulator antigens.
Direction
LOPEZ SANDEZ, CEFERINO MANUEL (Tutorships)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Co-tutorships)
LOPEZ SANDEZ, CEFERINO MANUEL (Tutorships)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
DIAZ VIZCAINO, ELVIRA ANTONIA (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
DIAZ VIZCAINO, ELVIRA ANTONIA (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
Epidemiology of ovine anaplasmosis in Galicia.
Authorship
P.I.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
P.I.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Ovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Anaplasma spp. Currently, there is extensive information available about bovine and human anaplasmosis; however, ovine anaplasmosis has been overlooked. In Galicia, there is not much information about the presence of Anaplasma spp. in sheep, and the few existing studies have reported highly variable prevalence rates ranging from less than 1% to 56%. Moreover, in the last years several Anaplasma species associated with sheep have been identified in cases of human anaplasmosis, which has increased the interest in studying these pathogens in sheep. This study aims to determine the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. in sheep in Galicia, analyze the influence of certain intrinsic and extrinsic variables on the occurrence of Anaplasma spp., and molecularly characterize the Anaplasma species detected. During 2023, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 285 sheep (Ovis aries) from a total of nine semi-extensive farms in the provinces of Lugo, A Coruña, and Ourense. The detection of Anaplasma spp. was carried out using conventional PCR. Positive samples were purified and sequenced in an external laboratory. The study of risk factors for the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. was conducted through linear logistic regression. A total of 14 out of the 57 pools analyzed (24.56%) tested positive for Anaplasma spp. Five of the nine farms (55.56%) included in the study had at least one positive animal. Risk analysis indicated that the percentage of pools positive for Anaplasma spp. detected in Sober was significantly higher than that detected in Cospeito and Pol. Anaplasma ovis was the only species identified in the positive samples. The occurrence of Anaplasma spp. in the sheep included in this study was low but falls within the previously published ranges in Spain and other European countries. The existence of significant differences between farms suggests that the occurrence of this pathogen is highly variable within the same region. These differences may be due to multiple factors, both biotic and abiotic, that influence the phenology of the vectors and hosts of this bacterium. The detection of only the species Anaplasma ovis could suggest that although the area is considered endemic for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a species detected in a high percentage of roe deer in this region, the variants present in the area do not seem to affect sheep.
Ovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Anaplasma spp. Currently, there is extensive information available about bovine and human anaplasmosis; however, ovine anaplasmosis has been overlooked. In Galicia, there is not much information about the presence of Anaplasma spp. in sheep, and the few existing studies have reported highly variable prevalence rates ranging from less than 1% to 56%. Moreover, in the last years several Anaplasma species associated with sheep have been identified in cases of human anaplasmosis, which has increased the interest in studying these pathogens in sheep. This study aims to determine the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. in sheep in Galicia, analyze the influence of certain intrinsic and extrinsic variables on the occurrence of Anaplasma spp., and molecularly characterize the Anaplasma species detected. During 2023, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 285 sheep (Ovis aries) from a total of nine semi-extensive farms in the provinces of Lugo, A Coruña, and Ourense. The detection of Anaplasma spp. was carried out using conventional PCR. Positive samples were purified and sequenced in an external laboratory. The study of risk factors for the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. was conducted through linear logistic regression. A total of 14 out of the 57 pools analyzed (24.56%) tested positive for Anaplasma spp. Five of the nine farms (55.56%) included in the study had at least one positive animal. Risk analysis indicated that the percentage of pools positive for Anaplasma spp. detected in Sober was significantly higher than that detected in Cospeito and Pol. Anaplasma ovis was the only species identified in the positive samples. The occurrence of Anaplasma spp. in the sheep included in this study was low but falls within the previously published ranges in Spain and other European countries. The existence of significant differences between farms suggests that the occurrence of this pathogen is highly variable within the same region. These differences may be due to multiple factors, both biotic and abiotic, that influence the phenology of the vectors and hosts of this bacterium. The detection of only the species Anaplasma ovis could suggest that although the area is considered endemic for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a species detected in a high percentage of roe deer in this region, the variants present in the area do not seem to affect sheep.
Direction
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Tutorships)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Tutorships)
Court
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
Study of two synchronisation protocols in anovulatory cows and their fertility at first insemination.
Authorship
N.I.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
N.I.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:00
07.19.2024 09:00
Summary
Postpartum period is a crucial stage in the reproductive cycle of a cow because numerous physiological changes occur. During this period, it is essential to pay special attention to reproduction in order to try to achieve the best fertility rates at the first insemination with the aim of achieving a high reproductive efficiency on the farm. To this end, different ovulation synchronization protocols are developed to reduce the duration of this period and to ensure the best hormonal and physiological conditions at the time of artificial insemination. In addition, it is essential to take into account the body condition of the animals in this time, as this will have a significant influence on the response to hormonal treatments an the fertility rate achieved. This study was conducted in a dairy farm located in the municipality of A Pastoriza. The objective was to compare two ovulation synchronization protocols in cows in postpartum anestrus to determinate which one offers higher fertility at the first insemination, as well as to evaluate the influence of other factors such as the number of calving and the body condition of the cows. The two protocols used were the Double ovsynch and the Modified ovsynch, both based on the administration of two homones: PGF2a and GnRH, and ending with artificial insemination. The reproductive status of the cows was assessed by transrectal ultrasound and body condition was assessed visually, following the american 5-point scale. The independent variables studied were interval calving - first insemination, ovulation synchronization treatment used and number of calving, in relation to a dependent variable: gestation rate at first insemination. The results were obtained using a multivariate statical model. After analysing the results, it was observed that the gestation rate decreases considerably as the number of calvings of the cow increases, possibly due to the loss of body condition at the time of AI occurring. It was also concluded that in order to choose the most appropriate protocol to treat cows in postpartum anestrus on this farm it is necessary to make a distinction according to the number of calvings: in the case of primiparous cows better gestation rates were obtained using the Double ovsynch, while in the multiparous cows the best results were achieved with the Modified ovsynch.
Postpartum period is a crucial stage in the reproductive cycle of a cow because numerous physiological changes occur. During this period, it is essential to pay special attention to reproduction in order to try to achieve the best fertility rates at the first insemination with the aim of achieving a high reproductive efficiency on the farm. To this end, different ovulation synchronization protocols are developed to reduce the duration of this period and to ensure the best hormonal and physiological conditions at the time of artificial insemination. In addition, it is essential to take into account the body condition of the animals in this time, as this will have a significant influence on the response to hormonal treatments an the fertility rate achieved. This study was conducted in a dairy farm located in the municipality of A Pastoriza. The objective was to compare two ovulation synchronization protocols in cows in postpartum anestrus to determinate which one offers higher fertility at the first insemination, as well as to evaluate the influence of other factors such as the number of calving and the body condition of the cows. The two protocols used were the Double ovsynch and the Modified ovsynch, both based on the administration of two homones: PGF2a and GnRH, and ending with artificial insemination. The reproductive status of the cows was assessed by transrectal ultrasound and body condition was assessed visually, following the american 5-point scale. The independent variables studied were interval calving - first insemination, ovulation synchronization treatment used and number of calving, in relation to a dependent variable: gestation rate at first insemination. The results were obtained using a multivariate statical model. After analysing the results, it was observed that the gestation rate decreases considerably as the number of calvings of the cow increases, possibly due to the loss of body condition at the time of AI occurring. It was also concluded that in order to choose the most appropriate protocol to treat cows in postpartum anestrus on this farm it is necessary to make a distinction according to the number of calvings: in the case of primiparous cows better gestation rates were obtained using the Double ovsynch, while in the multiparous cows the best results were achieved with the Modified ovsynch.
Direction
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Tutorships)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Tutorships)
Court
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
ONDINA NAVARRET, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
ORJALES GALDO, INMACULADA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
Wild boar as a sentinel under a ONE HEALTH perspective
Authorship
C.P.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.P.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2024 09:00
07.17.2024 09:00
Summary
The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a mammal widely distributed globally that has experienced an intense expansion throughout Europe in recent decades. It is a wild species that shares pathogens and diseases with the domestic pig, many of which can be transmitted to humans. Its abundance, distribution, and epidemiological relevance have led to it being selected as a key species in the official surveillance of pathogens within the National Wildlife Health Surveillance Plan of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food (MAPA). On the other hand, antibiotic resistance (AMR) is recognized as an emerging global threat. Over the past decade, there has been a worrying increase in multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria producing ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamases), especially Escherichia coli, a commensal bacterium of the gastrointestinal tract isolated in humans, companion animals, livestock, and wildlife. In this study, we propose to analyze the role of the wild boar as a sentinel of the silent AMR pandemic. To do this, the presence of E. coli, and specifically ESBL-producing strains, indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO) within the group of critical priority pathogens, was analyzed. Thus, fecal content samples were taken from 81 wild boars killed in official control programs of the Principality of Asturias. The samples were tripled in MacConkey Lactose, ChromID ESBL, and ChromID Carba media. Two animals (2.5%) were carriers of CTX-M producing ESBL E. coli. The resistance profile characterization was performed using the disk diffusion method of a total of 83 strains (one representative per sample and the two ESBL). We observed that 26 (31.3%) showed resistance to some of the antibiotics analyzed, with the highest prevalence observed against penicillins (74%) followed by cephalosporins (21%), with both ESBL strains showing resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftazidime) (2.4%), antibiotics classified by the WHO within the List of Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine (CIA). In addition, 3 of the strains (3.6%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to three or more categories of antibiotics. In conclusion, the wild boar can act as a reservoir of AMR enterobacteria that pose a public health risk, such as ESBL-producing E. coli. Therefore, increased monitoring of the wild boar is necessary both globally and nationally, and we suggest including AMR surveillance of this species within the National Control Program.
The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a mammal widely distributed globally that has experienced an intense expansion throughout Europe in recent decades. It is a wild species that shares pathogens and diseases with the domestic pig, many of which can be transmitted to humans. Its abundance, distribution, and epidemiological relevance have led to it being selected as a key species in the official surveillance of pathogens within the National Wildlife Health Surveillance Plan of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food (MAPA). On the other hand, antibiotic resistance (AMR) is recognized as an emerging global threat. Over the past decade, there has been a worrying increase in multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria producing ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamases), especially Escherichia coli, a commensal bacterium of the gastrointestinal tract isolated in humans, companion animals, livestock, and wildlife. In this study, we propose to analyze the role of the wild boar as a sentinel of the silent AMR pandemic. To do this, the presence of E. coli, and specifically ESBL-producing strains, indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO) within the group of critical priority pathogens, was analyzed. Thus, fecal content samples were taken from 81 wild boars killed in official control programs of the Principality of Asturias. The samples were tripled in MacConkey Lactose, ChromID ESBL, and ChromID Carba media. Two animals (2.5%) were carriers of CTX-M producing ESBL E. coli. The resistance profile characterization was performed using the disk diffusion method of a total of 83 strains (one representative per sample and the two ESBL). We observed that 26 (31.3%) showed resistance to some of the antibiotics analyzed, with the highest prevalence observed against penicillins (74%) followed by cephalosporins (21%), with both ESBL strains showing resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftazidime) (2.4%), antibiotics classified by the WHO within the List of Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine (CIA). In addition, 3 of the strains (3.6%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to three or more categories of antibiotics. In conclusion, the wild boar can act as a reservoir of AMR enterobacteria that pose a public health risk, such as ESBL-producing E. coli. Therefore, increased monitoring of the wild boar is necessary both globally and nationally, and we suggest including AMR surveillance of this species within the National Control Program.
Direction
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
Court
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)
VÁZQUEZ VÁZQUEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Secretary)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Member)