Prevalence of binge drinking in Spain, 2005-2022
Authorship
S.B.M.F.B.
Master in Public Health
S.B.M.F.B.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
09.24.2024 09:00
09.24.2024 09:00
Summary
Introduction: Alcohol is the most commonly used psychoactive substance among the Spanish adult population aged 15 to 64 years. Among the various drinking patterns associated with alcohol consumption, intensive drinking, or binge drinking, is linked to significant health problems. This study aims to analyze the evolution of intensive alcohol consumption in Spain and to characterize individuals who engage in it among the adult population aged 15 to 64 years. Methods: The prevalence of binge drinking was analyzed at a global level, by sex and age, and in the autonomous communities (CC.AA.) using microdata extracted from the surveys included in the Alcohol and Other Drugs in Spain (EDADES) study, during the period 2005-2022. Multivariate regression models were applied to identify factors contributing to this practice among Spanish adults. Results: The prevalence of binge drinking in Spain increased between 2005 and 2022, reaching its peak in 2015 at 20.2%, then decreasing until 2018 and stabilizing at 15.1% in 2022. The highest prevalence was observed in men, particularly in the 15 to 34-year age group, especially among those not living with their own family and of Spanish nationality. A gradual convergence in prevalence between both sexes was noted, particularly in the 15 to 34-year age group. The autonomous community with the highest prevalence is the Region of Murcia, while the lowest prevalence is in Catalonia. Conclusion: In Spain, the prevalence of binge drinking has increased over the past 15 years, with a more pronounced increase among women. Identifying characteristics associated with binge drinking and its geographical distribution has enabled the design of primary and secondary prevention measures tailored to real conditions.
Introduction: Alcohol is the most commonly used psychoactive substance among the Spanish adult population aged 15 to 64 years. Among the various drinking patterns associated with alcohol consumption, intensive drinking, or binge drinking, is linked to significant health problems. This study aims to analyze the evolution of intensive alcohol consumption in Spain and to characterize individuals who engage in it among the adult population aged 15 to 64 years. Methods: The prevalence of binge drinking was analyzed at a global level, by sex and age, and in the autonomous communities (CC.AA.) using microdata extracted from the surveys included in the Alcohol and Other Drugs in Spain (EDADES) study, during the period 2005-2022. Multivariate regression models were applied to identify factors contributing to this practice among Spanish adults. Results: The prevalence of binge drinking in Spain increased between 2005 and 2022, reaching its peak in 2015 at 20.2%, then decreasing until 2018 and stabilizing at 15.1% in 2022. The highest prevalence was observed in men, particularly in the 15 to 34-year age group, especially among those not living with their own family and of Spanish nationality. A gradual convergence in prevalence between both sexes was noted, particularly in the 15 to 34-year age group. The autonomous community with the highest prevalence is the Region of Murcia, while the lowest prevalence is in Catalonia. Conclusion: In Spain, the prevalence of binge drinking has increased over the past 15 years, with a more pronounced increase among women. Identifying characteristics associated with binge drinking and its geographical distribution has enabled the design of primary and secondary prevention measures tailored to real conditions.
Direction
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
MARTIN DE BERNARDO GISBERT, LUCIA (Co-tutorships)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
MARTIN DE BERNARDO GISBERT, LUCIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Secretary)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Member)
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Secretary)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Member)
Geographical and temporal variability of antibiotic prescription quality according to AWaRe and ESAC-Net indicators in Galicia during the 2019-2023 period
Authorship
B.G.H.A.
Master in Public Health
B.G.H.A.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
09.24.2024 09:20
09.24.2024 09:20
Summary
The inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotic is a key factor of development of bacterial resistance. The objective was to analyze the variability geographical and temporal on the antibiotics prescription in 313 municipalities of Galicia between 2019 - 2023 period. Were used the quality indicator AWaRe and ESAC-Net, and sociodemographic, economics and sanitary data. It was done one observational study, retrospective and ecological of temporal and spatial aggregations using the monthly prescription data on the population over 15 years age in primary care. The analysis identified wide differences in the quality use of antibiotics between Galicia municipalities. Stand out for the year 2023 the use of the antibiotics of systemic use [J01_DHD] with 16,25 DHD and a difference of 32,1% between the percentile of 25 (PCT 25) and 75 (PCT75), and the same way to quinolones [J01M_DHD], and the relation between antibiotics broad and narrow spectrum [J01_B/N]. Temporal variations were distinguished during 2019 - 2023 period, with consumption peaks on the winter months. The variability between municipalities don't explain clearly by the studied variables, only the medics numbers for each 1000 population result significant, explaining 9,4% of the variation of antibiotics of systemic use (J01). Its suggests that the factor related with the clinic practice of prescribers be important. Emphasizes the need to guide strategies to improve the rational use of these medications.
The inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotic is a key factor of development of bacterial resistance. The objective was to analyze the variability geographical and temporal on the antibiotics prescription in 313 municipalities of Galicia between 2019 - 2023 period. Were used the quality indicator AWaRe and ESAC-Net, and sociodemographic, economics and sanitary data. It was done one observational study, retrospective and ecological of temporal and spatial aggregations using the monthly prescription data on the population over 15 years age in primary care. The analysis identified wide differences in the quality use of antibiotics between Galicia municipalities. Stand out for the year 2023 the use of the antibiotics of systemic use [J01_DHD] with 16,25 DHD and a difference of 32,1% between the percentile of 25 (PCT 25) and 75 (PCT75), and the same way to quinolones [J01M_DHD], and the relation between antibiotics broad and narrow spectrum [J01_B/N]. Temporal variations were distinguished during 2019 - 2023 period, with consumption peaks on the winter months. The variability between municipalities don't explain clearly by the studied variables, only the medics numbers for each 1000 population result significant, explaining 9,4% of the variation of antibiotics of systemic use (J01). Its suggests that the factor related with the clinic practice of prescribers be important. Emphasizes the need to guide strategies to improve the rational use of these medications.
Direction
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
Court
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Secretary)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Member)
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Secretary)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Member)
Prevalence and characterization of electronic cigarettes consumption in Europe: a systematic review.
Authorship
M.M.R.
Master in Public Health
M.M.R.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
09.24.2024 09:40
09.24.2024 09:40
Summary
INTRODUCTION: The use of electronic cigarettes (EC) has increased in recent years especially among young non-smoking people. This is a health problem public, since its consumption could be the gateway to conventional tobacco consumption. The objective of this work is to identify the prevalence of EC consumption in non-smokers of conventional tobacco in the general population and in the university students in Europe, as well as the characteristics of consumers. METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out, registered in Prospero, in the databases of MEDLINE (Pubmed), EMBASE and Cochrane data following the guidelines PRISMA 2020. Adhoc extraction tables were generated and the quality of the studies included was assessed. RESULTS: 45 studies were identified, of which 32 correspond to general population and 13 to university population. The first study identified was published in the United Kingdom in 2013. The number of studies varies between countries, and the prevalence of consumption varies between populations and countries, being maximum in ex-smoking university population in Italy (38.6%). For countries where there are more than one estimate (6 countries) shows that the prevalence has increased. The questions included vary between studies and the recall period as well, which makes comparability difficult. Among the predictors of consumption nine of 17 studies identify the male sex, 11 of 12 having been a conventional tobacco user and seven of 13 a minor age. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of homogeneity in the questions included, in the definition of the population under study and, among others, in the period for which the memory associated with consumption, make it difficult to compare results. Although, the estimated prevalences in the different studies, especially in those carried out in young people, point out that the use of EC should be monitored in detail, reinforcing the surveillance and regulation of these devices and equating them to conventional tobacco.
INTRODUCTION: The use of electronic cigarettes (EC) has increased in recent years especially among young non-smoking people. This is a health problem public, since its consumption could be the gateway to conventional tobacco consumption. The objective of this work is to identify the prevalence of EC consumption in non-smokers of conventional tobacco in the general population and in the university students in Europe, as well as the characteristics of consumers. METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out, registered in Prospero, in the databases of MEDLINE (Pubmed), EMBASE and Cochrane data following the guidelines PRISMA 2020. Adhoc extraction tables were generated and the quality of the studies included was assessed. RESULTS: 45 studies were identified, of which 32 correspond to general population and 13 to university population. The first study identified was published in the United Kingdom in 2013. The number of studies varies between countries, and the prevalence of consumption varies between populations and countries, being maximum in ex-smoking university population in Italy (38.6%). For countries where there are more than one estimate (6 countries) shows that the prevalence has increased. The questions included vary between studies and the recall period as well, which makes comparability difficult. Among the predictors of consumption nine of 17 studies identify the male sex, 11 of 12 having been a conventional tobacco user and seven of 13 a minor age. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of homogeneity in the questions included, in the definition of the population under study and, among others, in the period for which the memory associated with consumption, make it difficult to compare results. Although, the estimated prevalences in the different studies, especially in those carried out in young people, point out that the use of EC should be monitored in detail, reinforcing the surveillance and regulation of these devices and equating them to conventional tobacco.
Direction
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Secretary)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Member)
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Secretary)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Member)
Influence of the media on the reporting of adverse drug reactions
Authorship
M.V.S.N.
Master in Public Health
M.V.S.N.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
09.24.2024 10:00
09.24.2024 10:00
Summary
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the impact on the spontaneous report of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System for Medicinal Products for Human Usereports in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System for medicines for human use (SEFV-H), following the dissemination by the media of news items alerting about the safety of a drug. Methods: A systematic search is carried out for news published in national newspapers between January 1 and December 31, 2023 that refer to any of the drugs included in safety alerts issued by the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products or the European Medicines Agency in the period under study. In parallel, an ecological study of temporal clusters of the database of the national Pharmacovigilance system, FEDRA. Spontaneous cases registered through SEFV-H that have one of the drugs under study as a suspect are collected. The sample taken was the suspected adverse reactions recorded from the five years before to the publication of the safety notice until April 1, 2024. Results: During the study period, the selected drugs; metamizole, pseudoephedrine, topiramate, valproate and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, no significant changes are observed in the number of notifications received at the time of publication of the press release. Although the results obtained in the following months are not statistically significant for metamizole and GLP-1, a slight change in the trend is observed for pseudoephedrine, topiramate and valproate. Conclusions: The publication of news alerting about a possible safety problem with a drug is not associated with a significant increase in the number of suspected ADRs sent to the SEFV-H.
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the impact on the spontaneous report of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System for Medicinal Products for Human Usereports in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System for medicines for human use (SEFV-H), following the dissemination by the media of news items alerting about the safety of a drug. Methods: A systematic search is carried out for news published in national newspapers between January 1 and December 31, 2023 that refer to any of the drugs included in safety alerts issued by the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products or the European Medicines Agency in the period under study. In parallel, an ecological study of temporal clusters of the database of the national Pharmacovigilance system, FEDRA. Spontaneous cases registered through SEFV-H that have one of the drugs under study as a suspect are collected. The sample taken was the suspected adverse reactions recorded from the five years before to the publication of the safety notice until April 1, 2024. Results: During the study period, the selected drugs; metamizole, pseudoephedrine, topiramate, valproate and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, no significant changes are observed in the number of notifications received at the time of publication of the press release. Although the results obtained in the following months are not statistically significant for metamizole and GLP-1, a slight change in the trend is observed for pseudoephedrine, topiramate and valproate. Conclusions: The publication of news alerting about a possible safety problem with a drug is not associated with a significant increase in the number of suspected ADRs sent to the SEFV-H.
Direction
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
Court
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Secretary)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Member)
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Secretary)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Member)
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding benzodiazepine use among university students at USC.
Authorship
M.C.R.
Master in Public Health
M.C.R.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
09.24.2024 10:20
09.24.2024 10:20
Summary
Aims The consumption of benzodiazepines has skyrocketed worldwide in recent years, becoming a public health problem. The aim of this study is to identify which attitudes are related to benzodiazepine consumption among students at the University of Santiago, in order to design educational interventions that help reduce the use of these drugs in the university population. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated self-administered questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and practices, conducted on students from the University of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, with a total number of participants n equal to 624 (n = 624). The level of agreement with each knowledge and attitude item was measured using a horizontal scale numbered from 1 to 10, with 1 being completely disagree and 10 completely agree. The data was analysed using logistic regression. Results Of the 624 students surveyed, 396 (64%) were non-users, and 224 (36%) were users. The study shows that benzodiazepine users have a greater acceptance of their use in daily life, as well as storing them for future use. There are no significant differences in attitudes towards healthcare professionals between users and non-users. Conclusions The study suggests that benzodiazepine consumption among University of Santiago de Compostela’s students is higher than in other studies. It is recommended to design educational interventions to improve attitudes based on the associations with some of the evaluated attitudes.
Aims The consumption of benzodiazepines has skyrocketed worldwide in recent years, becoming a public health problem. The aim of this study is to identify which attitudes are related to benzodiazepine consumption among students at the University of Santiago, in order to design educational interventions that help reduce the use of these drugs in the university population. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated self-administered questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and practices, conducted on students from the University of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, with a total number of participants n equal to 624 (n = 624). The level of agreement with each knowledge and attitude item was measured using a horizontal scale numbered from 1 to 10, with 1 being completely disagree and 10 completely agree. The data was analysed using logistic regression. Results Of the 624 students surveyed, 396 (64%) were non-users, and 224 (36%) were users. The study shows that benzodiazepine users have a greater acceptance of their use in daily life, as well as storing them for future use. There are no significant differences in attitudes towards healthcare professionals between users and non-users. Conclusions The study suggests that benzodiazepine consumption among University of Santiago de Compostela’s students is higher than in other studies. It is recommended to design educational interventions to improve attitudes based on the associations with some of the evaluated attitudes.
Direction
ZAPATA CACHAFEIRO, MARUXA (Tutorships)
ZAPATA CACHAFEIRO, MARUXA (Tutorships)
Court
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Secretary)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Member)
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Secretary)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Member)
Relationship between tobacco and alcohol consumption in the Spanish adult population
Authorship
C.G.S.
Master in Public Health
C.G.S.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
09.24.2024 15:30
09.24.2024 15:30
Summary
Depression is the most common mental illness worldwide, with women being more affected. It is characterised by symptoms such as sadness, lack of energy, insomnia or inability to enjoy life. The combination of stressful events and individual vulnerability are the two preconditions for the development of a mental illness. The latter is determined by a series of factors (genetic, sociodemographic, psychosocial, etc.) that differ from one individual to another, including tobacco and alcohol consumption. Alcohol is one of the most widely consumed substances worldwide, twice as much by men, and its harmful consumption is related to neuropsychiatric pathologies. Smoking is the main cause of preventable death worldwide and, as with alcohol, is mostly carried out by men. Regarding the relationship between these substances and depressive disorder, it is common for nicotine dependence to coexist with the pathology and, in addition, the risk of depression among drinkers is 1.5 to 2 times higher than among non-drinkers. The general objective of this work is to analyze the relationship between the consumption of legal drugs and the prevalence of depressive disorder in the Spanish adult population and, to do so, data from the European Health Survey in Spain for the year 2020 (EESE 2020) were analyzed. The results obtained show that the prevalence of depression is higher in women, while the opposite occurs in terms of alcohol and tobacco consumption. In addition, there is an association between tobacco and alcohol consumption, sex, age and level of education and the suffering of said disorder. Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed as men, individuals who cannot read or write are three times more likely to be diagnosed than university graduates, the older the person, the higher the prevalence, daily smokers are 62.5% more likely to be diagnosed with depression, and, as for drinkers, only ex-drinkers show a higher frequency than those who have never drank. In conclusion, there appears to be an association between tobacco and alcohol consumption and depression in the Spanish population
Depression is the most common mental illness worldwide, with women being more affected. It is characterised by symptoms such as sadness, lack of energy, insomnia or inability to enjoy life. The combination of stressful events and individual vulnerability are the two preconditions for the development of a mental illness. The latter is determined by a series of factors (genetic, sociodemographic, psychosocial, etc.) that differ from one individual to another, including tobacco and alcohol consumption. Alcohol is one of the most widely consumed substances worldwide, twice as much by men, and its harmful consumption is related to neuropsychiatric pathologies. Smoking is the main cause of preventable death worldwide and, as with alcohol, is mostly carried out by men. Regarding the relationship between these substances and depressive disorder, it is common for nicotine dependence to coexist with the pathology and, in addition, the risk of depression among drinkers is 1.5 to 2 times higher than among non-drinkers. The general objective of this work is to analyze the relationship between the consumption of legal drugs and the prevalence of depressive disorder in the Spanish adult population and, to do so, data from the European Health Survey in Spain for the year 2020 (EESE 2020) were analyzed. The results obtained show that the prevalence of depression is higher in women, while the opposite occurs in terms of alcohol and tobacco consumption. In addition, there is an association between tobacco and alcohol consumption, sex, age and level of education and the suffering of said disorder. Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed as men, individuals who cannot read or write are three times more likely to be diagnosed than university graduates, the older the person, the higher the prevalence, daily smokers are 62.5% more likely to be diagnosed with depression, and, as for drinkers, only ex-drinkers show a higher frequency than those who have never drank. In conclusion, there appears to be an association between tobacco and alcohol consumption and depression in the Spanish population
Direction
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Tutorships)
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Tutorships)
Court
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Chairman)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Chairman)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
Validity of the RAE-CMBD as a Surveillance System for Healthcare-Associated Infections
Authorship
A.O.C.
Master in Public Health
A.O.C.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
09.24.2024 15:50
09.24.2024 15:50
Summary
Introduction Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a significant public health and patient safety concern. The objective of this study was to assess the criterion validity of the Hospital Care Activity Record-Minimum Basic Data Set (RAE-CMBD) for the diagnostic classification of HAIs. Methods This was a multicenter test validation study. The criterion validity of the RAE-CMBD for the diagnostic classification of HAIs was analyzed using HAIs from the 2022 and 2023 Nosocomial Infection Prevalence Study (EPINE) in three tertiary hospitals as the reference standard. ICD-10 codes proposed by the Ministry of Health for HAI reporting were selected. Discharge reports from a random sample of cases were reviewed to identify whether they included an HAI diagnosis. Validity indices, post-test probability ratios, and concordance were calculated. A logistic regression model was used to predict false negatives and false positives. Confidence intervals of 95% (95% CI) were computed. The STATAv15 software was used. The study received approval from the Ethics Research Committee. Results A total of 4,745 unique matches between the RAE-CMBD and EPINE were obtained. The RAE-CMBD showed a sensitivity (SE) of 25.6% (95% CI 21.3-30.3), specificity (SP) of 94.7% (93.9-95.3), positive predictive value (PPV) of 29.6% (24.7-34.8), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.5% (92.8-94.3). Cohen’s kappa coefficient showed a concordance index of 0.2. HAI diagnoses were present in 53.33% (40.89-65.37) of discharge reports. One of the participating hospitals showed a lower probability of false positives with an OR of 0.5 (95% CI 0.3-0.7). Conclusions RAE-CMBD does not appear to be a valid tool for establishing HAI indicators. This may be related to the absence of HAI diagnoses in discharge reports, as sensitivity improves when this information is included in the reports. Enhancing the validity of the RAE-CMBD for HAI identification could enable the establishment of comparable patient safety indicators across regions. Efforts should be made to improve RAE-CMBD coding for HAI detection and to ensure that HAI diagnoses are consistently documented in discharge reports.
Introduction Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a significant public health and patient safety concern. The objective of this study was to assess the criterion validity of the Hospital Care Activity Record-Minimum Basic Data Set (RAE-CMBD) for the diagnostic classification of HAIs. Methods This was a multicenter test validation study. The criterion validity of the RAE-CMBD for the diagnostic classification of HAIs was analyzed using HAIs from the 2022 and 2023 Nosocomial Infection Prevalence Study (EPINE) in three tertiary hospitals as the reference standard. ICD-10 codes proposed by the Ministry of Health for HAI reporting were selected. Discharge reports from a random sample of cases were reviewed to identify whether they included an HAI diagnosis. Validity indices, post-test probability ratios, and concordance were calculated. A logistic regression model was used to predict false negatives and false positives. Confidence intervals of 95% (95% CI) were computed. The STATAv15 software was used. The study received approval from the Ethics Research Committee. Results A total of 4,745 unique matches between the RAE-CMBD and EPINE were obtained. The RAE-CMBD showed a sensitivity (SE) of 25.6% (95% CI 21.3-30.3), specificity (SP) of 94.7% (93.9-95.3), positive predictive value (PPV) of 29.6% (24.7-34.8), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.5% (92.8-94.3). Cohen’s kappa coefficient showed a concordance index of 0.2. HAI diagnoses were present in 53.33% (40.89-65.37) of discharge reports. One of the participating hospitals showed a lower probability of false positives with an OR of 0.5 (95% CI 0.3-0.7). Conclusions RAE-CMBD does not appear to be a valid tool for establishing HAI indicators. This may be related to the absence of HAI diagnoses in discharge reports, as sensitivity improves when this information is included in the reports. Enhancing the validity of the RAE-CMBD for HAI identification could enable the establishment of comparable patient safety indicators across regions. Efforts should be made to improve RAE-CMBD coding for HAI detection and to ensure that HAI diagnoses are consistently documented in discharge reports.
Direction
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
Vázquez Cancela, Olalla (Co-tutorships)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
Vázquez Cancela, Olalla (Co-tutorships)
Court
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Chairman)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Chairman)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
Goat milk in the pediatric population: systematic review on nutritional composition and preclinical phase studies
Authorship
M.R.M.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
M.R.M.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
09.17.2024 09:00
09.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Introduction: Breast milk is the best food that can be offered to a newborn. There are situations in which this is not possible or enough to cover nutritional requirements. In these cases, infant formulas are used, generally made from cow's milk. In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in finding alternative sources for the manufacture of infant formulas, such as goat's milk. Objectives: analyze the available evidence of goat milk in infant feeding, excluding clinical studies. Methods: a systematic review was carried out that included comparative studies of goat's milk versus other milks or formulas and also experimental studies in the preclinical phase. Results: A total of 48 articles were found, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria and studied the nutritional profile of goat's milk versus cow's milk in a heterogeneous way. Most of them conclude that there are differences between both in terms of their general composition, lipid and protein digestibility and in relation to certain clinical variables and toxicity. Conclusions: the differences found between cow's milk and goat's milk do not provide sufficient data to consider a more favorable nutritional profile of the last one
Introduction: Breast milk is the best food that can be offered to a newborn. There are situations in which this is not possible or enough to cover nutritional requirements. In these cases, infant formulas are used, generally made from cow's milk. In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in finding alternative sources for the manufacture of infant formulas, such as goat's milk. Objectives: analyze the available evidence of goat milk in infant feeding, excluding clinical studies. Methods: a systematic review was carried out that included comparative studies of goat's milk versus other milks or formulas and also experimental studies in the preclinical phase. Results: A total of 48 articles were found, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria and studied the nutritional profile of goat's milk versus cow's milk in a heterogeneous way. Most of them conclude that there are differences between both in terms of their general composition, lipid and protein digestibility and in relation to certain clinical variables and toxicity. Conclusions: the differences found between cow's milk and goat's milk do not provide sufficient data to consider a more favorable nutritional profile of the last one
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Moreno Álvarez, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Moreno Álvarez, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Ototoxicity in patients with childhood cancer in a tertiary center: 10 years' experience.
Authorship
L.S.H.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
L.S.H.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
09.17.2024 09:00
09.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Background and aims: Treatment with cisplatin and carboplatin is used in pediatric oncology. They associate improvements in survival but are accompanied by adverse effects such as ototoxicity including hearing loss, tinnitus and/or vertigo. Hearing loss affects especially young children before and during language acquisition, with potential impact in their psychosocial development and education. Methods: A retrospective study of ototoxicity development in pediatric patients with cancer who received cisplatin, carboplatin and vincristine-based chemotherapy between 2013 and 2023. To grade the ototoxicity the SIOP Boston ototoxicity scale was used. The statistical analysis between the different variables was carried out with with IBM SPSS Statistics version 21. Results: A total of 206 patients were included. Median age at diagnosis was 5 years (1 month-16 years), being 119 of them males (58%) and 87 females (42%). The most common diagnosis was neuroblastoma (18%), followed by medulloblastoma (13,2%) and osteosarcoma (12,6%). Of all, 114 patients received cisplatin, 151 carboplatin and 136 vincristine +/- cisplatin or carboplatin. Only 8 patients received both cisplatin and carboplatin. The mean cumulative doses were 295.75 mg/m2 for cisplatin, 1842.22 mg/m2 for carboplatin, and 13.81 mg/m2 for vincristine. Overall, 127 (61.6%) were followed by the otorhinolaryngologist since the beginning of treatment, 88 of whom were evaluated at the end of treatment and 83 beyond thereafter. Ototoxicity was assessed with audiometry or otoacoustic emissions depending on age. Forty-eight children (23.3%) developed hearing loss. Treatment with cisplatin (P=0.00) and carboplatin (P=0.002) was associated significantly with ototoxicity. Conclusions: 40% of children at risk were not assessed, so development of ototoxicity in our past cohort has been underdiagnosed. We plan to improve our patients´ audiological evaluation as a regular monitoring of hearing sensitivity is the only way to guarantee the early detection of ototoxicity signs.
Background and aims: Treatment with cisplatin and carboplatin is used in pediatric oncology. They associate improvements in survival but are accompanied by adverse effects such as ototoxicity including hearing loss, tinnitus and/or vertigo. Hearing loss affects especially young children before and during language acquisition, with potential impact in their psychosocial development and education. Methods: A retrospective study of ototoxicity development in pediatric patients with cancer who received cisplatin, carboplatin and vincristine-based chemotherapy between 2013 and 2023. To grade the ototoxicity the SIOP Boston ototoxicity scale was used. The statistical analysis between the different variables was carried out with with IBM SPSS Statistics version 21. Results: A total of 206 patients were included. Median age at diagnosis was 5 years (1 month-16 years), being 119 of them males (58%) and 87 females (42%). The most common diagnosis was neuroblastoma (18%), followed by medulloblastoma (13,2%) and osteosarcoma (12,6%). Of all, 114 patients received cisplatin, 151 carboplatin and 136 vincristine +/- cisplatin or carboplatin. Only 8 patients received both cisplatin and carboplatin. The mean cumulative doses were 295.75 mg/m2 for cisplatin, 1842.22 mg/m2 for carboplatin, and 13.81 mg/m2 for vincristine. Overall, 127 (61.6%) were followed by the otorhinolaryngologist since the beginning of treatment, 88 of whom were evaluated at the end of treatment and 83 beyond thereafter. Ototoxicity was assessed with audiometry or otoacoustic emissions depending on age. Forty-eight children (23.3%) developed hearing loss. Treatment with cisplatin (P=0.00) and carboplatin (P=0.002) was associated significantly with ototoxicity. Conclusions: 40% of children at risk were not assessed, so development of ototoxicity in our past cohort has been underdiagnosed. We plan to improve our patients´ audiological evaluation as a regular monitoring of hearing sensitivity is the only way to guarantee the early detection of ototoxicity signs.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Cañete Nieto, Adela (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Cañete Nieto, Adela (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Nutritional screening tools in the pediatric population: systematic review.
Authorship
C.V.F.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
C.V.F.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
09.17.2024 09:00
09.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is the most common type of malnutrition in industrialized countries, with a high associated morbidity. The purpose of this systematic review is to update the available evidence on pediatric nutritional screening tools and to compare their validity and applicability. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the MEDLINE (PubMed) database, selecting articles related to nutritional screening tools in the pediatric population. Quality assessment was carried out using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. A total of 200 articles were identified, of which 11 were included in the review. The published articles are highly heterogeneous and include a mean of 870 patients (mean age of 6.7 years and 49% female) from various countries: Brazil, Greece, Turkey, Belgium, Korea, Hungary, China, Spain, Israel, and the United Kingdom. Eight nutritional screening tools were used in these studies, with the most commonly used being the Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids), Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP), and Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) in 5 articles. The PYMS scale shows good agreement with assessments by dietitians and with anthropometric evaluations (sensitivity 88.2%, specificity 82.5%). Despite the significant heterogeneity of the published articles, PYMS seems to have the greatest capacity to detect pediatric patients at nutritional risk and should therefore be considered when choosing a nutritional screening tool.
Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is the most common type of malnutrition in industrialized countries, with a high associated morbidity. The purpose of this systematic review is to update the available evidence on pediatric nutritional screening tools and to compare their validity and applicability. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the MEDLINE (PubMed) database, selecting articles related to nutritional screening tools in the pediatric population. Quality assessment was carried out using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. A total of 200 articles were identified, of which 11 were included in the review. The published articles are highly heterogeneous and include a mean of 870 patients (mean age of 6.7 years and 49% female) from various countries: Brazil, Greece, Turkey, Belgium, Korea, Hungary, China, Spain, Israel, and the United Kingdom. Eight nutritional screening tools were used in these studies, with the most commonly used being the Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids), Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP), and Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) in 5 articles. The PYMS scale shows good agreement with assessments by dietitians and with anthropometric evaluations (sensitivity 88.2%, specificity 82.5%). Despite the significant heterogeneity of the published articles, PYMS seems to have the greatest capacity to detect pediatric patients at nutritional risk and should therefore be considered when choosing a nutritional screening tool.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Moreno Álvarez, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Moreno Álvarez, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Effects of cow's milk with Betacasein A2 on digestive symptoms: systematic review.
Authorship
A.M.P.H.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
A.M.P.H.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
09.17.2024 09:00
09.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Introduction: Milk with Beta casein A2 appears to be healthier than milk containing Beta casein A1 due to its lower amount of bioactive opioid peptide Beta casomorphin 7 (BCM7). There is a significant part of the population with problems in dairy digestion, which affects their quality of life after ingestion and could be related to BCM7 Objectives: to analyze the available evidence on the benefits of Beta casein A2 milk on digestive health Methods: a systematic review was carried out to identify relevant publications on the benefits of Beta casein A2 in digestive symptoms compared to other types of milk. Studies published in English and Spanish between January 2014 and June 2024 were considered. Clinical trials in pediatric and adult patients were included. Results: 49 articles were found, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria. The 7 are clinical trials comparing the intake of milk with Beta casein A2 with milk with Beta casein A1 or other types of milk. Conclusions: Less gastrointestinal symptoms appear to be observed with the consumption of milk with Beta casein A2, although not statistically significant in a uniform manner in all studies. The intake of Beta casein A2 is also associated with a faster colonic motility pattern measured by intestinal transit techniques. The measurement of various biochemical and inflammatory parameters in feces and serum does not provide conclusive results on their modification in relation to the consumption of milk with Beta casein A2.
Introduction: Milk with Beta casein A2 appears to be healthier than milk containing Beta casein A1 due to its lower amount of bioactive opioid peptide Beta casomorphin 7 (BCM7). There is a significant part of the population with problems in dairy digestion, which affects their quality of life after ingestion and could be related to BCM7 Objectives: to analyze the available evidence on the benefits of Beta casein A2 milk on digestive health Methods: a systematic review was carried out to identify relevant publications on the benefits of Beta casein A2 in digestive symptoms compared to other types of milk. Studies published in English and Spanish between January 2014 and June 2024 were considered. Clinical trials in pediatric and adult patients were included. Results: 49 articles were found, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria. The 7 are clinical trials comparing the intake of milk with Beta casein A2 with milk with Beta casein A1 or other types of milk. Conclusions: Less gastrointestinal symptoms appear to be observed with the consumption of milk with Beta casein A2, although not statistically significant in a uniform manner in all studies. The intake of Beta casein A2 is also associated with a faster colonic motility pattern measured by intestinal transit techniques. The measurement of various biochemical and inflammatory parameters in feces and serum does not provide conclusive results on their modification in relation to the consumption of milk with Beta casein A2.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Moreno Álvarez, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Moreno Álvarez, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
evaluation of advertisements targeted at children, nutritional analysis, and screen and advertisement exposure questionnaire
Authorship
C.P.L.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
C.P.L.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Overweight and obesity affect millions of children. Risk factors include an unbalanced diet, insufficient physical activity, and lack of healthy habits. Obesity is linked to inflammation and chronic diseases. Food advertising contributes to this problem, especially in children. The PAOS Code regulates advertising in Spain, but the nutritional quality of the products remains questionable. The study consists of three phases: an evaluation of advertisements targeted at children, a nutritional analysis of the advertised products, and a questionnaire collecting anthropometric measures of children, screen exposure, and ad exposure. Advertisements comply with the PAOS Code, but the advertised products are not healthy. Significant differences in body mass index are found according to gender, educational stage, and screen time.
Overweight and obesity affect millions of children. Risk factors include an unbalanced diet, insufficient physical activity, and lack of healthy habits. Obesity is linked to inflammation and chronic diseases. Food advertising contributes to this problem, especially in children. The PAOS Code regulates advertising in Spain, but the nutritional quality of the products remains questionable. The study consists of three phases: an evaluation of advertisements targeted at children, a nutritional analysis of the advertised products, and a questionnaire collecting anthropometric measures of children, screen exposure, and ad exposure. Advertisements comply with the PAOS Code, but the advertised products are not healthy. Significant differences in body mass index are found according to gender, educational stage, and screen time.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Nso Roca, Ana del Pilar (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Nso Roca, Ana del Pilar (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Análisis del Consumo de Microplásticos y Disruptores Endocrinos en Niños con Obesidad: estudio observacional transversal
Authorship
C.T.R.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
C.T.R.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Introducción: La obesidad infantil es una preocupación creciente a nivel mundial, con tasas en aumento proyectadas para el futuro. Objetivos: Este estudio se centra en la relación entre el consumo de microplásticos (MP) y bisfenoles (BP’s) y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en niños, además de considerar el impacto del nivel económico del núcleo familiar en estos factores. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal con 18 niños participantes del proyecto STOP, recopilando datos dietéticos, antropométricos y socioeconómicos. La cantidad de MP y BP’s consumidos se estimó utilizando una base de datos de composición de alimentos. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que los niños con mayor consumo de MP, principalmente a través de pescados y mariscos, tendían a tener un IMC menor, contrariamente a las expectativas iniciales. Este hallazgo se explica porque los beneficios nutricionales del pescado pueden superar los efectos negativos de los MP. Además, se encontró una relación positiva significativa entre el nivel económico familiar y el consumo de MP, sugiriendo que las familias con mayores ingresos consumen más mariscos, incrementando la exposición a MP.Por otro lado, se observó que los niños con mayor consumo de BP’s, provenientes de productos ultraprocesados, presentaban un IMC más alto. Los BP’s están asociados a alimentos de baja calidad nutricional, que son altos en grasas saturadas y calorías. Conclusión: En conclusión, este estudio destaca la importancia de considerar tanto la calidad nutricional de los alimentos como la exposición a contaminantes químicos en la dieta infantil. Se requieren más investigaciones para comprender mejor estos mecanismos y desarrollar estrategias efectivas para mitigar los efectos adversos en la salud infantil.
Introducción: La obesidad infantil es una preocupación creciente a nivel mundial, con tasas en aumento proyectadas para el futuro. Objetivos: Este estudio se centra en la relación entre el consumo de microplásticos (MP) y bisfenoles (BP’s) y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en niños, además de considerar el impacto del nivel económico del núcleo familiar en estos factores. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal con 18 niños participantes del proyecto STOP, recopilando datos dietéticos, antropométricos y socioeconómicos. La cantidad de MP y BP’s consumidos se estimó utilizando una base de datos de composición de alimentos. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que los niños con mayor consumo de MP, principalmente a través de pescados y mariscos, tendían a tener un IMC menor, contrariamente a las expectativas iniciales. Este hallazgo se explica porque los beneficios nutricionales del pescado pueden superar los efectos negativos de los MP. Además, se encontró una relación positiva significativa entre el nivel económico familiar y el consumo de MP, sugiriendo que las familias con mayores ingresos consumen más mariscos, incrementando la exposición a MP.Por otro lado, se observó que los niños con mayor consumo de BP’s, provenientes de productos ultraprocesados, presentaban un IMC más alto. Los BP’s están asociados a alimentos de baja calidad nutricional, que son altos en grasas saturadas y calorías. Conclusión: En conclusión, este estudio destaca la importancia de considerar tanto la calidad nutricional de los alimentos como la exposición a contaminantes químicos en la dieta infantil. Se requieren más investigaciones para comprender mejor estos mecanismos y desarrollar estrategias efectivas para mitigar los efectos adversos en la salud infantil.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
García Hernández, Silvia (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
García Hernández, Silvia (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Effect of dietary patterns present in adolescence on nutritional status and gastrointestinal health: promotion of healthy habits through an educational intervention.
Authorship
I.C.L.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
I.C.L.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Introduction: Adolescence is a critical stage; multiple physical, mental and emotional changes converge and condition the nutritional requirements of adolescents; they acquire lifestyle habits that are strongly influenced by their environment and that will affect their health in adulthood. The regular use of social networks and new technologies encourage a sedentary lifestyle that, together with a higher consumption of high-calorie products with high sugar, fat and salt content, has a negative impact on body weight, nutritional status and the composition of the microbiota, significantly increasing the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this population group, which constitutes a public health problem. Objective: To determine the impact of an educational intervention on the dietary pattern and nutritional status measured through anthropometric measurements and the microbiota profile in a population of school adolescents in the province of Alicante, as well as to promote healthy eating habits. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective observational study will be carried out in a sample of 771 high school students between 12 and 18 years of age in the city of Alicante, Spain. The intervention will be given for 3 months, to assess its effectiveness, anthropometric measurements will be taken a priori and after the last talk, and dietary records and stool samples will be collected. Conclusions: This study aims to generate an effective educational intervention on the preventive factors of overweight and obesity in adolescents, improve eating habits and minimize the risk of associated pathologies in adulthood.
Introduction: Adolescence is a critical stage; multiple physical, mental and emotional changes converge and condition the nutritional requirements of adolescents; they acquire lifestyle habits that are strongly influenced by their environment and that will affect their health in adulthood. The regular use of social networks and new technologies encourage a sedentary lifestyle that, together with a higher consumption of high-calorie products with high sugar, fat and salt content, has a negative impact on body weight, nutritional status and the composition of the microbiota, significantly increasing the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this population group, which constitutes a public health problem. Objective: To determine the impact of an educational intervention on the dietary pattern and nutritional status measured through anthropometric measurements and the microbiota profile in a population of school adolescents in the province of Alicante, as well as to promote healthy eating habits. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective observational study will be carried out in a sample of 771 high school students between 12 and 18 years of age in the city of Alicante, Spain. The intervention will be given for 3 months, to assess its effectiveness, anthropometric measurements will be taken a priori and after the last talk, and dietary records and stool samples will be collected. Conclusions: This study aims to generate an effective educational intervention on the preventive factors of overweight and obesity in adolescents, improve eating habits and minimize the risk of associated pathologies in adulthood.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Cheikh , Kamila (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Cheikh , Kamila (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Zarit Test. Study on Caregiver Burden in Patients with Home Enteral Nutrition.
Authorship
I.A.B.B.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
I.A.B.B.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
The Zarit Test, also known as the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, is an assessment tool designed to measure the level of stress and burden experienced by caregivers of individuals with chronic illnesses or disabilities. This master's thesis administered the test to a group of caregivers of minor patients receiving home enteral nutrition to evaluate the level of stress and burden they experience. This study was conducted from April to June 2024 at La Paz Hospital in Madrid.
The Zarit Test, also known as the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, is an assessment tool designed to measure the level of stress and burden experienced by caregivers of individuals with chronic illnesses or disabilities. This master's thesis administered the test to a group of caregivers of minor patients receiving home enteral nutrition to evaluate the level of stress and burden they experience. This study was conducted from April to June 2024 at La Paz Hospital in Madrid.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Morais López, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Morais López, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
prevalence of electronic cigarette consumption in the adolescent population in Spain, 2021
Authorship
M.R.M.S.
Master in Public Health
M.R.M.S.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
02.15.2024 10:00
02.15.2024 10:00
Summary
My work studies the adolescent population in Spain that smokes electronic cigarettes, associated with other variables and also seeing how in all autonomous communities it is not consumed in the same way. We will see if boys consume more than girls, we will analyze the results by age range, we will also see how the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis affects the prevalence of electronic cigarette consumption.
My work studies the adolescent population in Spain that smokes electronic cigarettes, associated with other variables and also seeing how in all autonomous communities it is not consumed in the same way. We will see if boys consume more than girls, we will analyze the results by age range, we will also see how the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis affects the prevalence of electronic cigarette consumption.
Direction
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Tutorships)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Tutorships)
Court
RUANO RAVIÑA, ALBERTO (Chairman)
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)
RUANO RAVIÑA, ALBERTO (Chairman)
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)
Analysis of industry interference and quality of studies examining e-cigarette use during pregnancy: a systematic review.
Authorship
J.A.S.D.G.
Master in Public Health
J.A.S.D.G.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
02.15.2024 10:20
02.15.2024 10:20
Summary
ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies on the safety of electronic cigarettes (ecigs) during pregnancy are scarce. Evidence shows that studies in favor of ecigs are more likely to be funded by industry and this could influence clinical and public health recommendations. The aim of this paper is to analyze the quality and identify potential industry interference in scientific studies on the use of e-cigarettes in pregnancy by collecting conflicts of interest, funding, acknowledgements and affiliation with industry. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed to identify original studies in pregnant or postpartum women, published between 1/1/2016-01/10/2023, that analyzed the use of ecigs during pregnancy. Characteristics of the studies were collected, and a descriptive synthesis of the results was performed. The direction of the conclusions (in favor, against, neutral) of the studies was assessed from the analysis of the conclusions. The quality of the included studies was analyzed. Results: We included 56 articles that met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 9 (16.1%) had potential industry interference detected by analysis of declared conflicts of interest, funding, acknowledgements, and affiliation. Of the studies with potential interference, 5/9 were in favor of the use of ecigs in pregnancy, 2/9 were against, and 2/9 were neutral. Of the studies that did not present potential interference, 9/47 were in favor, 22/47 were against and 16/47 were neutral. Conclusion: The results indicate potential private industry interference in nine of the included studies, mainly due to relationships with the pharmaceutical industry. These results may be relevant to evaluate existing studies and their possible impact on clinical and health policy-related decision making.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies on the safety of electronic cigarettes (ecigs) during pregnancy are scarce. Evidence shows that studies in favor of ecigs are more likely to be funded by industry and this could influence clinical and public health recommendations. The aim of this paper is to analyze the quality and identify potential industry interference in scientific studies on the use of e-cigarettes in pregnancy by collecting conflicts of interest, funding, acknowledgements and affiliation with industry. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed to identify original studies in pregnant or postpartum women, published between 1/1/2016-01/10/2023, that analyzed the use of ecigs during pregnancy. Characteristics of the studies were collected, and a descriptive synthesis of the results was performed. The direction of the conclusions (in favor, against, neutral) of the studies was assessed from the analysis of the conclusions. The quality of the included studies was analyzed. Results: We included 56 articles that met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 9 (16.1%) had potential industry interference detected by analysis of declared conflicts of interest, funding, acknowledgements, and affiliation. Of the studies with potential interference, 5/9 were in favor of the use of ecigs in pregnancy, 2/9 were against, and 2/9 were neutral. Of the studies that did not present potential interference, 9/47 were in favor, 22/47 were against and 16/47 were neutral. Conclusion: The results indicate potential private industry interference in nine of the included studies, mainly due to relationships with the pharmaceutical industry. These results may be relevant to evaluate existing studies and their possible impact on clinical and health policy-related decision making.
Direction
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
Court
RUANO RAVIÑA, ALBERTO (Chairman)
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Secretary)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Member)
RUANO RAVIÑA, ALBERTO (Chairman)
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Secretary)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Member)
Incidence and Case Fatality of Acute Diarrhea and cholera in the Province of Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, 2016.2023
Authorship
D.P.G.
Master in Public Health
D.P.G.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
02.15.2024 10:40
02.15.2024 10:40
Summary
The multisectoral and integrated response to acute diarrhea and cholera outbreaks in the province of Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, has significantly reduced the incidence and lethality of both diseases in almost all districts of the province. The development of national studies on the delimitation of cholera hot zones throughout the country (2020), the National Cholera Plan (2024), and the strategic actions taken, follow international recommendations from agencies such as the GTFCC, WHO, and international biomedical studies, allowing better coordination of the response of the government and partners (WHO, UN agencies, INGOs).
The multisectoral and integrated response to acute diarrhea and cholera outbreaks in the province of Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, has significantly reduced the incidence and lethality of both diseases in almost all districts of the province. The development of national studies on the delimitation of cholera hot zones throughout the country (2020), the National Cholera Plan (2024), and the strategic actions taken, follow international recommendations from agencies such as the GTFCC, WHO, and international biomedical studies, allowing better coordination of the response of the government and partners (WHO, UN agencies, INGOs).
Direction
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)
Mascareñas García, Marta (Co-tutorships)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)
Mascareñas García, Marta (Co-tutorships)
Court
RUANO RAVIÑA, ALBERTO (Chairman)
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Secretary)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Member)
RUANO RAVIÑA, ALBERTO (Chairman)
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Secretary)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Member)
Endocarditis on percutaneous aortic prosthesis: incidence, characterization and prognosis
Authorship
D.P.M.
Master in Public Health
D.P.M.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.18.2024 10:30
06.18.2024 10:30
Summary
Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a rare but very serious complication after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI). Despite the evolution of the profile of patients undergoing TAVI, the development of subsequent IE is still potentially very serious and/or fatal, although the trend has been decreasing in recent years. In this work we have included 1246 patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent percutaneous aortic valve implantation in the Santiago de Compostela Health Area between November 2008 and January 2023, to study whether they have developed infective endocarditis after TAVI implantation. . The incidence of IE was 2.4%, a total of 38 patients who had suffered from the disease, of which 24 (63.2%) died, which demonstrated a high mortality from IE. Although more cases have been detected in the first year after TAVI implantation (60.5% early endocarditis), the development of this disease after the first year of follow-up (39.5% late endocarditis) proved to have a worse prognosis. since the germs caused more aggressive infections. The predictive factors found were male sex (78.9% were men) and glomerular filtration rate. The most frequently detected germs belonged to the group of staphylococci and enterococci. Given the poor prognosis of IE after TAVI and the limited intervention and treatment options, prevention protocols and early warning are the best tools to reduce its incidence in the absence of clear evidence on other predisposing factors about which we can Act.
Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a rare but very serious complication after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI). Despite the evolution of the profile of patients undergoing TAVI, the development of subsequent IE is still potentially very serious and/or fatal, although the trend has been decreasing in recent years. In this work we have included 1246 patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent percutaneous aortic valve implantation in the Santiago de Compostela Health Area between November 2008 and January 2023, to study whether they have developed infective endocarditis after TAVI implantation. . The incidence of IE was 2.4%, a total of 38 patients who had suffered from the disease, of which 24 (63.2%) died, which demonstrated a high mortality from IE. Although more cases have been detected in the first year after TAVI implantation (60.5% early endocarditis), the development of this disease after the first year of follow-up (39.5% late endocarditis) proved to have a worse prognosis. since the germs caused more aggressive infections. The predictive factors found were male sex (78.9% were men) and glomerular filtration rate. The most frequently detected germs belonged to the group of staphylococci and enterococci. Given the poor prognosis of IE after TAVI and the limited intervention and treatment options, prevention protocols and early warning are the best tools to reduce its incidence in the absence of clear evidence on other predisposing factors about which we can Act.
Direction
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)
López Otero, Diego (Co-tutorships)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)
López Otero, Diego (Co-tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
Prevalence of Anxiety and Its Association with Problematic Mobile Phone Use: A Cross-Sectional Study Among University Students
Authorship
A.M.S.P.
Master in Public Health
A.M.S.P.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.18.2024 10:50
06.18.2024 10:50
Summary
Introduction Anxiety is the second most prevalent mental condition worldwide. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by persistent worry and anxiety, typically beginning at an early age and caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, and social factors. Among these factors, problematic smartphone use has gained increasing relevance due to its influence on mental well-being and its detrimental impact on the daily lives of adolescents and young adults, particularly university students, who are at a vulnerable age and exposed to various stimuli such as social and academic pressure. Objectives To characterize the prevalence of anxiety among undergraduate students at the University of Santiago de Compostela and to evaluate the association between anxiety and problematic mobile phone use among these students. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted through a self-administered in-person survey between April 10 and May 10, 2023. Participants were actively recruited through a single-stage sampling method, where first, second, and third-year classes in each faculty at USC were randomly selected. Anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), which includes 10 items scored from 0 to 3, resulting in a minimum and maximum score of 7 and 28, with 7 indicating no anxiety and 28 indicating the highest level of anxiety. Anxiety was considered present from a score of 17 onwards. Sociodemographic variables were obtained through direct questions in the survey. Additionally, problematic mobile phone use was measured using the Short Version of the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS-SV). Individuals with scores between 32 and 60 (inclusive) were classified as having problematic mobile phone use, while those with scores between 10 and 31 (inclusive) were classified as not having problematic mobile phone use. A binary logistic regression was performed to evaluate the adjusted influence of all variables. Results Responses were collected from 1,983 undergraduate students at USC, with a response rate of 81%. The prevalence of anxiety among women was 46.7% (649 out of 1389), among men 26% (148 out of 569), and among non-binary individuals 64% (16 out of 25). Women and non-binary individuals showed a higher likelihood of anxiety, with OR 2.6 [95% CI 1.95-3.37] and 3.12 [95% CI 1.04-9.38] respectively. Higher odds of anxiety were also identified among non-heterosexual individuals (OR 1.77 [95% CI 1.44-2.18]). It was found that, for each sister, the probability of anxiety decreased by 20% (OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.68-0.96]). Regarding parental education, if the father had completed vocational training, the probability of anxiety decreased by up to 25% (OR 0.754 [95% CI 0.54-1.06]), and if the father had a bachelor's degree, the probability decreased by up to 32% (OR 0.68 [95% CI 0.48-0.98]). Problematic mobile phone use doubled the likelihood of anxiety (OR 2.10 [95% CI 1.66-2.67]). Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety among students at the University of Santiago de Compostela is high, with women and non-binary individuals being the most affected, having double and triple the likelihood of experiencing anxiety, respectively. Problematic mobile phone use increases the likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder by up to two times.
Introduction Anxiety is the second most prevalent mental condition worldwide. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by persistent worry and anxiety, typically beginning at an early age and caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, and social factors. Among these factors, problematic smartphone use has gained increasing relevance due to its influence on mental well-being and its detrimental impact on the daily lives of adolescents and young adults, particularly university students, who are at a vulnerable age and exposed to various stimuli such as social and academic pressure. Objectives To characterize the prevalence of anxiety among undergraduate students at the University of Santiago de Compostela and to evaluate the association between anxiety and problematic mobile phone use among these students. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted through a self-administered in-person survey between April 10 and May 10, 2023. Participants were actively recruited through a single-stage sampling method, where first, second, and third-year classes in each faculty at USC were randomly selected. Anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), which includes 10 items scored from 0 to 3, resulting in a minimum and maximum score of 7 and 28, with 7 indicating no anxiety and 28 indicating the highest level of anxiety. Anxiety was considered present from a score of 17 onwards. Sociodemographic variables were obtained through direct questions in the survey. Additionally, problematic mobile phone use was measured using the Short Version of the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS-SV). Individuals with scores between 32 and 60 (inclusive) were classified as having problematic mobile phone use, while those with scores between 10 and 31 (inclusive) were classified as not having problematic mobile phone use. A binary logistic regression was performed to evaluate the adjusted influence of all variables. Results Responses were collected from 1,983 undergraduate students at USC, with a response rate of 81%. The prevalence of anxiety among women was 46.7% (649 out of 1389), among men 26% (148 out of 569), and among non-binary individuals 64% (16 out of 25). Women and non-binary individuals showed a higher likelihood of anxiety, with OR 2.6 [95% CI 1.95-3.37] and 3.12 [95% CI 1.04-9.38] respectively. Higher odds of anxiety were also identified among non-heterosexual individuals (OR 1.77 [95% CI 1.44-2.18]). It was found that, for each sister, the probability of anxiety decreased by 20% (OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.68-0.96]). Regarding parental education, if the father had completed vocational training, the probability of anxiety decreased by up to 25% (OR 0.754 [95% CI 0.54-1.06]), and if the father had a bachelor's degree, the probability decreased by up to 32% (OR 0.68 [95% CI 0.48-0.98]). Problematic mobile phone use doubled the likelihood of anxiety (OR 2.10 [95% CI 1.66-2.67]). Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety among students at the University of Santiago de Compostela is high, with women and non-binary individuals being the most affected, having double and triple the likelihood of experiencing anxiety, respectively. Problematic mobile phone use increases the likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder by up to two times.
Direction
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)
MARTIN DE BERNARDO GISBERT, LUCIA (Co-tutorships)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)
MARTIN DE BERNARDO GISBERT, LUCIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
Foodborne outbreaks in Europe: 2018-2022
Authorship
M.C.A.
Master in Public Health
M.C.A.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.18.2024 11:10
06.18.2024 11:10
Summary
INTRODUCTION: Foodborne diseases, caused by pathogens such as Campylobacter, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, have seen a concerning increase in Europe, according to the 2022 report of the EFSA. These diseases carry serious threats to public health and emphasizes the need for effective prevention and control strategies. This analysis aims to enhance our understanding of foodborne outbreaks in Europe between 2018 and 2022. It emphasizes the significance of surveillance and thorough examination of related data to guarantee food safety. AIMS: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Europe between 2018 and 2022. This includes identifying the predominant pathogens, determining the most common food involved and the source of contamination, the clinical consequences, and the control and prevention measures implemented. METHOD: A scoping review of the literature was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines in biomedical databases. Observational studies were selected that investigated outbreaks of foodborne diseases, where the source of infection was food, and these outbreaks occurred in countries of the European Union, the United Kingdom, and Norway. Studies on outbreaks prior to 2018, narrative reviews, opinion articles, editorials, or conference communications were excluded. RESULTS: From the bibliographic search, we identified 845 articles, of which 28 were included. Salmonella spp. was the most frequently reported causal agent, with pork meat and processed meat being the main food involved. Contamination principally occurred during processing, and the symptoms reported were predominantly gastrointestinal. Control measures focused on staff training in Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) and hygiene practices. PCR and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were utilized as detection methods. CONCLUSION: The review of foodborne outbreaks in Europe between 2018 and 2022 provides a comprehensive overview of the predominant pathogens, the means of transmission, and the control measures adopted. Enhancing surveillance and control measures for foodborne illnesses is crucial to mitigate their impact on public health. It is imperative to intensify monitoring and establish effective strategies to prevent or detect early, before food reaches consumers.
INTRODUCTION: Foodborne diseases, caused by pathogens such as Campylobacter, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, have seen a concerning increase in Europe, according to the 2022 report of the EFSA. These diseases carry serious threats to public health and emphasizes the need for effective prevention and control strategies. This analysis aims to enhance our understanding of foodborne outbreaks in Europe between 2018 and 2022. It emphasizes the significance of surveillance and thorough examination of related data to guarantee food safety. AIMS: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Europe between 2018 and 2022. This includes identifying the predominant pathogens, determining the most common food involved and the source of contamination, the clinical consequences, and the control and prevention measures implemented. METHOD: A scoping review of the literature was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines in biomedical databases. Observational studies were selected that investigated outbreaks of foodborne diseases, where the source of infection was food, and these outbreaks occurred in countries of the European Union, the United Kingdom, and Norway. Studies on outbreaks prior to 2018, narrative reviews, opinion articles, editorials, or conference communications were excluded. RESULTS: From the bibliographic search, we identified 845 articles, of which 28 were included. Salmonella spp. was the most frequently reported causal agent, with pork meat and processed meat being the main food involved. Contamination principally occurred during processing, and the symptoms reported were predominantly gastrointestinal. Control measures focused on staff training in Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) and hygiene practices. PCR and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were utilized as detection methods. CONCLUSION: The review of foodborne outbreaks in Europe between 2018 and 2022 provides a comprehensive overview of the predominant pathogens, the means of transmission, and the control measures adopted. Enhancing surveillance and control measures for foodborne illnesses is crucial to mitigate their impact on public health. It is imperative to intensify monitoring and establish effective strategies to prevent or detect early, before food reaches consumers.
Direction
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)
Mascareñas García, Marta (Co-tutorships)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)
Mascareñas García, Marta (Co-tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
Impact on mental health of intimate partner violence against pregnant women: a systematic review with a meta analytic approach
Authorship
G.L.P.
Master in Public Health
G.L.P.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.18.2024 11:30
06.18.2024 11:30
Summary
Objective. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to investigate the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women and mental health problems in high-income countries. Methods. We designed a comprehensive search strategy combining keywords and MeSH terms in the PubMed, EMBASE, International HTA Database, Cochrane and PsycINFO databases. The included studies were systematically reviewed, and data were extracted into standardized forms. Meta-analyses were performed where appropriate. Results. The review included seven studies conducted in high-income countries, encompassing a total of 30711 participants. The studies revealed an association between IPV during pregnancy and mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, prenatal distress, suicidal ideation, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The meta-analysis indicated that women who experience IPV during pregnancy have a higher likelihood of suffering from depression during and after pregnancy, with combined Odds Ratios of 3.98 (95% CI: 3.37, 4.70) and 1.80 (95% CI: 1.13, 2.87), respectively. Conclusions. This review highlights the impact of IPV on the mental health of pregnant women in high-income countries. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and policies to support this vulnerable population, emphasizing the need for consistent and validated measurement tools in future research.
Objective. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to investigate the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women and mental health problems in high-income countries. Methods. We designed a comprehensive search strategy combining keywords and MeSH terms in the PubMed, EMBASE, International HTA Database, Cochrane and PsycINFO databases. The included studies were systematically reviewed, and data were extracted into standardized forms. Meta-analyses were performed where appropriate. Results. The review included seven studies conducted in high-income countries, encompassing a total of 30711 participants. The studies revealed an association between IPV during pregnancy and mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, prenatal distress, suicidal ideation, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The meta-analysis indicated that women who experience IPV during pregnancy have a higher likelihood of suffering from depression during and after pregnancy, with combined Odds Ratios of 3.98 (95% CI: 3.37, 4.70) and 1.80 (95% CI: 1.13, 2.87), respectively. Conclusions. This review highlights the impact of IPV on the mental health of pregnant women in high-income countries. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and policies to support this vulnerable population, emphasizing the need for consistent and validated measurement tools in future research.
Direction
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Co-tutorships)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
Consumption of Energy Drinks among Youth in Spain: Trends and Characteristics that Influence their Consumption.
Authorship
A.T.T.
Master in Public Health
A.T.T.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.18.2024 12:00
06.18.2024 12:00
Summary
Introduction The consumption of energy drinks among adolescents are emerging as a public health concern worldwide. The aims of this study were to describe the time trend across the period 2014 through 2021 in the prevalence of the consumption of energy drinks among students aged 14 to 18 years in Spain and how the characteristics of consumers had shifted. Methods Data source was the microdata of the Survey of Drug Use in Secondary Education in Spain (2014-2021). Prevalence of energy drink consumption was calculated overall; by sex and age; and in the 17 Autonomous Regions. To identify the factors linked to consumption, multivariate models were fitted. Prevalence and adjusted odds ratio (OR) are shown with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs); the geographic distribution of energy drink consumption was plotted on maps. Results The prevalence of consumption of energy drinks in the last 30 days ranged from 40.4% (2014) to 45.0% (2021). For any given year, prevalence was higher in boys and varied among regions. Being a male; non-Spanish; being a repeat student of one or more academic years; having neither parent with higher education or gainfully employed; or tobacco, cannabis or alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of energy drink consumption. Conclusions The prevalence of energy drink consumption among Spanish students aged 14-18 years has shown an upward trend among both sexes, especially among girls. The characteristics of consumers has shown minimal changes during this period. Recognizing and understanding these trends, the differences among regions, and factors associated with consumption is critical to directing efforts to educate young people about the risks involved and to prevent initiation of energy drink consumption.
Introduction The consumption of energy drinks among adolescents are emerging as a public health concern worldwide. The aims of this study were to describe the time trend across the period 2014 through 2021 in the prevalence of the consumption of energy drinks among students aged 14 to 18 years in Spain and how the characteristics of consumers had shifted. Methods Data source was the microdata of the Survey of Drug Use in Secondary Education in Spain (2014-2021). Prevalence of energy drink consumption was calculated overall; by sex and age; and in the 17 Autonomous Regions. To identify the factors linked to consumption, multivariate models were fitted. Prevalence and adjusted odds ratio (OR) are shown with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs); the geographic distribution of energy drink consumption was plotted on maps. Results The prevalence of consumption of energy drinks in the last 30 days ranged from 40.4% (2014) to 45.0% (2021). For any given year, prevalence was higher in boys and varied among regions. Being a male; non-Spanish; being a repeat student of one or more academic years; having neither parent with higher education or gainfully employed; or tobacco, cannabis or alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of energy drink consumption. Conclusions The prevalence of energy drink consumption among Spanish students aged 14-18 years has shown an upward trend among both sexes, especially among girls. The characteristics of consumers has shown minimal changes during this period. Recognizing and understanding these trends, the differences among regions, and factors associated with consumption is critical to directing efforts to educate young people about the risks involved and to prevent initiation of energy drink consumption.
Direction
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
Mouriño Castro, Nerea (Co-tutorships)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
Mouriño Castro, Nerea (Co-tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
Design of a digital PCR assay for the detection and quantification of Hepatitis Delta Virus
Authorship
A.T.B.
Master in Biomedical Research
A.T.B.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus that needs the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to be able to infect and produce a disease that affects the liver, known as hepatitis. Given the lack of standardization of the current methods used in the detection and quantification of this virus, this study aims to standardize a protocol to solve problems in the detection, treatment and follow-up of patients. For this, we use a technique that, since its description in 1990, has seen its wide potential in different fields of research, the digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). We compared and evaluated different primers and probes from existing literature using the QX200TM system using a positive plasma sample and the WHO VHD RNA standard. Different optimal conditions were established in the different trials to see which of them offered better results. For concentrations, a range of 500 to 900 nM was analysed for primers and 250 to 750 nM for probes. Temperatures ranging from 57 ºC to 62 ºC were tested, with different elongation times of 1 to 2 minutes. After testing, we observed significant differences in the performance of the different protocols. We found that the primers and probe with the best results were those of Olivero et al., when using a concentration of 750 nM of primers and probe and a hybridization temperature of 60 ºC for a time of 2 minutes. These conditions were used to quantify viral RNA in serum samples previously analyzed by RT-qPCR in patients with HBV infection and the WHO HDV standard.
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus that needs the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to be able to infect and produce a disease that affects the liver, known as hepatitis. Given the lack of standardization of the current methods used in the detection and quantification of this virus, this study aims to standardize a protocol to solve problems in the detection, treatment and follow-up of patients. For this, we use a technique that, since its description in 1990, has seen its wide potential in different fields of research, the digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). We compared and evaluated different primers and probes from existing literature using the QX200TM system using a positive plasma sample and the WHO VHD RNA standard. Different optimal conditions were established in the different trials to see which of them offered better results. For concentrations, a range of 500 to 900 nM was analysed for primers and 250 to 750 nM for probes. Temperatures ranging from 57 ºC to 62 ºC were tested, with different elongation times of 1 to 2 minutes. After testing, we observed significant differences in the performance of the different protocols. We found that the primers and probe with the best results were those of Olivero et al., when using a concentration of 750 nM of primers and probe and a hybridization temperature of 60 ºC for a time of 2 minutes. These conditions were used to quantify viral RNA in serum samples previously analyzed by RT-qPCR in patients with HBV infection and the WHO HDV standard.
Direction
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Tutorships)
AGUILERA GUIRAO, ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Tutorships)
AGUILERA GUIRAO, ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Chairman)
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Secretary)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Member)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Chairman)
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Secretary)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Member)
Optimization of antibody conjugation protocols for PET imaging
Authorship
A.A.G.
Master in Biomedical Research
A.A.G.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
PET imaging has become a crucial tool in the clinic, both for disease detection and monitoring and in research across various disciplines. To maximize its effectiveness, it is essential to have safe, effective, and precise radiopharmaceuticals. These radiopharmaceuticals are produced by conjugating antibodies with chelators, into which the radioactive element of interest is introduced. The production of radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging has required considerable effort and time. Despite significant advances, challenges remain, such as optimizing the conjugation protocols between the antibody and the chelator to reduce costs, time, and reagent waste. This work focuses on optimizing several conjugation protocols.
PET imaging has become a crucial tool in the clinic, both for disease detection and monitoring and in research across various disciplines. To maximize its effectiveness, it is essential to have safe, effective, and precise radiopharmaceuticals. These radiopharmaceuticals are produced by conjugating antibodies with chelators, into which the radioactive element of interest is introduced. The production of radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging has required considerable effort and time. Despite significant advances, challenges remain, such as optimizing the conjugation protocols between the antibody and the chelator to reduce costs, time, and reagent waste. This work focuses on optimizing several conjugation protocols.
Direction
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Tutorships)
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Tutorships)
Court
González Blanco, Miguel (Chairman)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Secretary)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Member)
González Blanco, Miguel (Chairman)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Secretary)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Member)
Regulation of energy homeostasis and obesity. Study of hypothalamic RXRs.
Authorship
M.B.R.Z.
Master in Biomedical Research
M.B.R.Z.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Obesity has seen its prevalence increase to alarming levels in recent times. The discovery of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans and its corresponding ability to use lipids and glucose in the generation of heat (thermogenesis) has aroused scientific interest as a possible therapeutic target for this disease. The hypothalamus is a fundamental area in the regulation of energy homeostasis, which integrates multiple signals of the body's energy state with the aim of controlling endocrine and behavioral responses that allow maintaining body weight. In this integration of signals, the nuclear receptor (NR) family plays a relevant role; however, there is a specific subfamily, the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), that, despite being present in said brain area and having the ability to interact molecularly with other nuclear receptors, still its functional role is unknown, therefore, the present work proposed the study of hypothalamic RXRs and their influence on the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. It was found that pharmacological agonism of these NRs induced a transient weight loss in wild-type mice, in addition to increasing BAT thermogenesis, hypothalamic LepR expression, and serum lipids. It was also found that genetic ablation of RXRs in the VMH induced an increase in body weight and a decrease in Dio2 expression in the BAT.
Obesity has seen its prevalence increase to alarming levels in recent times. The discovery of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans and its corresponding ability to use lipids and glucose in the generation of heat (thermogenesis) has aroused scientific interest as a possible therapeutic target for this disease. The hypothalamus is a fundamental area in the regulation of energy homeostasis, which integrates multiple signals of the body's energy state with the aim of controlling endocrine and behavioral responses that allow maintaining body weight. In this integration of signals, the nuclear receptor (NR) family plays a relevant role; however, there is a specific subfamily, the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), that, despite being present in said brain area and having the ability to interact molecularly with other nuclear receptors, still its functional role is unknown, therefore, the present work proposed the study of hypothalamic RXRs and their influence on the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. It was found that pharmacological agonism of these NRs induced a transient weight loss in wild-type mice, in addition to increasing BAT thermogenesis, hypothalamic LepR expression, and serum lipids. It was also found that genetic ablation of RXRs in the VMH induced an increase in body weight and a decrease in Dio2 expression in the BAT.
Direction
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Tutorships)
Lopez Perez, Miguel (Co-tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Tutorships)
Lopez Perez, Miguel (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Chairman)
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Secretary)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Member)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Chairman)
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Secretary)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Member)
A new therapeutic approach against progeria
Authorship
S.T.L.
Master in Biomedical Research
S.T.L.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder that occurs in children and is characterized by premature aging and the development of cardiovascular diseases, among other symptoms. In these children there is a premature death, mainly due to cardiovascular calcification of the blood vessels and heart valves. There are several enzymes, related to metabolism of extracellular ATP (source of pyrophosphate, the main inhibitor of cardiovascular calcification), which can be acted upon to create new treatments against cardiovascular calcification associated with progeria. The objective of this work was to analyze the inhibitory capacity of various compounds on the activity of the eNTPD enzyme, the main enzyme responsible for the consumption of extracellular ATP that generates phosphate (not pyrophosphate). Compiling all the results obtained in this work, it was determined that the major pathway of ATP hydrolysis involved the enzyme eNTPD. Therefore, we wanted to test, both in mouse aorta and in mouse recombinant enzyme eNTPD, which compounds managed to inhibit this activity. Finally, it was concluded that the inhibitors RVB1101, RVB1102, RVB1106 and RV1107 could be used to inhibit the vascular calcification; RVB1107 being the most promising compound and being necessary more studies on these inhibitors in the future.
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder that occurs in children and is characterized by premature aging and the development of cardiovascular diseases, among other symptoms. In these children there is a premature death, mainly due to cardiovascular calcification of the blood vessels and heart valves. There are several enzymes, related to metabolism of extracellular ATP (source of pyrophosphate, the main inhibitor of cardiovascular calcification), which can be acted upon to create new treatments against cardiovascular calcification associated with progeria. The objective of this work was to analyze the inhibitory capacity of various compounds on the activity of the eNTPD enzyme, the main enzyme responsible for the consumption of extracellular ATP that generates phosphate (not pyrophosphate). Compiling all the results obtained in this work, it was determined that the major pathway of ATP hydrolysis involved the enzyme eNTPD. Therefore, we wanted to test, both in mouse aorta and in mouse recombinant enzyme eNTPD, which compounds managed to inhibit this activity. Finally, it was concluded that the inhibitors RVB1101, RVB1102, RVB1106 and RV1107 could be used to inhibit the vascular calcification; RVB1107 being the most promising compound and being necessary more studies on these inhibitors in the future.
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Chairman)
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Secretary)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Member)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Chairman)
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Secretary)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Member)
Molecular characterization of the anti-calcification capacity of pyrophosphate below conditions of hiperphosphatemia.
Authorship
M.V.F.A.
Master in Biomedical Research
M.V.F.A.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
09.26.2024 09:30
09.26.2024 09:30
Summary
Vascular calcification is a disease characterized by calcium phosphate deposits - mainly hidroxyapatite - in cardiovascular structures, resulting in ectopic calcifications. It is correlated eith a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and myocardial infarction. This risk is increased in diabetic patients and chronic kidney disease patients. Vascular smooth muscle cells are sensitive to changes in inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels, adapting and modifying their function and promoting changes that trigger calcifications. Inorganic phosphate is regulated by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, among others. Changes in inorganic phosphate tr. Cansport are the main factor responsible for regulating inorganic phosphate homeostasis and the calcification process. The synthesis of calcification inhibitors constitutes the primary mechanism by which cells reduce vascular calcification. Extracellular pyrophosphate (PPi) is a potent endogenous inhibitor of calcium-phophate deposits, both in vivo and in vitro. Chronic kidney disease patients show low levels of pyrophophate and increased activity of the enzyme alkaline phophatase (ALP). Various enzymes related to extracellular pyrophosphate metabolism have been associated with vascular calcification. Pyrophosphate is synthesized from extracelular ATP by nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phophodiesterase through the hydrolysis of extracellular ATP. Pyrophophate is hydrolyzed to inorganic phosphate by non-specific tissue alkaline phophatase (TNAP). ATP can be hydrolyzed to inorganic phosphate by the enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (eNTPD). All these enzymes must be in balance to prevent calcifications; however, conditions such as chronic kidney disease o diabetes cause alterations in their levels. Administration of pyrophosphate to patients, inhibitors of the enzymes that degrade it, or inducers of the enzymes that generate it could open new treatment options for these pathologies.
Vascular calcification is a disease characterized by calcium phosphate deposits - mainly hidroxyapatite - in cardiovascular structures, resulting in ectopic calcifications. It is correlated eith a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and myocardial infarction. This risk is increased in diabetic patients and chronic kidney disease patients. Vascular smooth muscle cells are sensitive to changes in inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels, adapting and modifying their function and promoting changes that trigger calcifications. Inorganic phosphate is regulated by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, among others. Changes in inorganic phosphate tr. Cansport are the main factor responsible for regulating inorganic phosphate homeostasis and the calcification process. The synthesis of calcification inhibitors constitutes the primary mechanism by which cells reduce vascular calcification. Extracellular pyrophosphate (PPi) is a potent endogenous inhibitor of calcium-phophate deposits, both in vivo and in vitro. Chronic kidney disease patients show low levels of pyrophophate and increased activity of the enzyme alkaline phophatase (ALP). Various enzymes related to extracellular pyrophosphate metabolism have been associated with vascular calcification. Pyrophosphate is synthesized from extracelular ATP by nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phophodiesterase through the hydrolysis of extracellular ATP. Pyrophophate is hydrolyzed to inorganic phosphate by non-specific tissue alkaline phophatase (TNAP). ATP can be hydrolyzed to inorganic phosphate by the enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (eNTPD). All these enzymes must be in balance to prevent calcifications; however, conditions such as chronic kidney disease o diabetes cause alterations in their levels. Administration of pyrophosphate to patients, inhibitors of the enzymes that degrade it, or inducers of the enzymes that generate it could open new treatment options for these pathologies.
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Chairman)
POLO TOBAJAS, ESTER (Secretary)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Chairman)
POLO TOBAJAS, ESTER (Secretary)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Member)
Clinical, Genetic Characteristics and Treatments of Uveal Melanoma in Spanish Patients: A Cohort Study
Authorship
M.D.R.
Master in Vision Sciences Research
M.D.R.
Master in Vision Sciences Research
Defense date
07.12.2024 08:00
07.12.2024 08:00
Summary
Context: The prognosis of advanced Uveal Melanoma remains dismal and up to 50% develop metastatic disease. In recent decades there has been considerable development in the field of treatment of metastatic UM, however, there is still no consensus on the establishment of the gold standard treatment and the need to clarify the correct management of this disease is evident. Material and methods: Retrospective observational study of patients with UM treated at the Adult Surgical Retina and Intraocular Tumors Unit (URQTIA), dependent on the Department of Ophthalmology in Santiago de Compostela, during the period between January 2014 and January 2024. Results: Data were collected from 218 patients with MU, and significant differences could be observed in relation to the location of the MU and the dimensions of the tumor with the different therapeutic modalities. Regarding genetic analysis, a higher probability of developing metastasis was reported in patients with high-risk MU, which implied a significantly lower median survival than low-risk tumors (OS 51.04 vs 102 months). Likewise, a mean time of appearance of metastases of 54.1 months (+- 36.42 months) and its predilection for the liver in 92.60% was observed. In the survival analysis based on the therapeutic modality used as first line, no statistically significant differences were observed between them with mean survivals of 17.6 months CI [9.5-25.77] in cases of Surgery, 14 months in chemotherapy, 41.7 months IC [26.9-56.6] inmunotherapy. A subgroup analysis was carried out with different immunotherapeutic treatments, where for Nivolumab + Ipilimumab a response to the Stable Disease (SE) treatment of 17.6%, a progression-free survival (SLP) of 12 months and a survival time of 51.3 months. For Pembrolizumab, a 60% disease progression (PE) and a median survival time of 29 months were observed. Tebentafusp, reported 50% cases of PE and 50% of EE, a progression-free survival (SLP) of 24 months (N=1) and a median survival time of 19.7 months. Finally, the associated pharmacological toxicities were studied, revealing a clear discrepancy in the incidence and severity of adverse effects between the different treatments. Conclusions: Despite the exhaustive development of different treatments for metastatic UM, the results of this study suggest that there are no considerable differences in OS when comparing the different current therapeutic modalities, however, studies with a larger number of patients are needed. long-term patients to confirm the preliminary results.
Context: The prognosis of advanced Uveal Melanoma remains dismal and up to 50% develop metastatic disease. In recent decades there has been considerable development in the field of treatment of metastatic UM, however, there is still no consensus on the establishment of the gold standard treatment and the need to clarify the correct management of this disease is evident. Material and methods: Retrospective observational study of patients with UM treated at the Adult Surgical Retina and Intraocular Tumors Unit (URQTIA), dependent on the Department of Ophthalmology in Santiago de Compostela, during the period between January 2014 and January 2024. Results: Data were collected from 218 patients with MU, and significant differences could be observed in relation to the location of the MU and the dimensions of the tumor with the different therapeutic modalities. Regarding genetic analysis, a higher probability of developing metastasis was reported in patients with high-risk MU, which implied a significantly lower median survival than low-risk tumors (OS 51.04 vs 102 months). Likewise, a mean time of appearance of metastases of 54.1 months (+- 36.42 months) and its predilection for the liver in 92.60% was observed. In the survival analysis based on the therapeutic modality used as first line, no statistically significant differences were observed between them with mean survivals of 17.6 months CI [9.5-25.77] in cases of Surgery, 14 months in chemotherapy, 41.7 months IC [26.9-56.6] inmunotherapy. A subgroup analysis was carried out with different immunotherapeutic treatments, where for Nivolumab + Ipilimumab a response to the Stable Disease (SE) treatment of 17.6%, a progression-free survival (SLP) of 12 months and a survival time of 51.3 months. For Pembrolizumab, a 60% disease progression (PE) and a median survival time of 29 months were observed. Tebentafusp, reported 50% cases of PE and 50% of EE, a progression-free survival (SLP) of 24 months (N=1) and a median survival time of 19.7 months. Finally, the associated pharmacological toxicities were studied, revealing a clear discrepancy in the incidence and severity of adverse effects between the different treatments. Conclusions: Despite the exhaustive development of different treatments for metastatic UM, the results of this study suggest that there are no considerable differences in OS when comparing the different current therapeutic modalities, however, studies with a larger number of patients are needed. long-term patients to confirm the preliminary results.
Direction
BLANCO TEIJEIRO, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
BANDE RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
BLANCO TEIJEIRO, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
BANDE RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Coordinator)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
González Pérez, Javier (Secretary)
ABRALDES LOPEZ-VEIGA, MAXIMINO JOSE (Member)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Coordinator)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
González Pérez, Javier (Secretary)
ABRALDES LOPEZ-VEIGA, MAXIMINO JOSE (Member)
Prevalence of types of druses in a group of patients with age-associated macular degenerationfrom the FRB! registry
Authorship
E.M.R.M.
Master in Vision Sciences Research
E.M.R.M.
Master in Vision Sciences Research
Defense date
07.12.2024 08:00
07.12.2024 08:00
Summary
There is growing interest in the classification of the different types of drusen in age-related macular degeneration due to its relevant clinical and prognostic impact. The main objective of the TFM is to determine the prevalence of drusen subtypes in a group of patients with AMD from the Fight Retina Blindness! registry. morphologically and topographically typifying them using optical coherence tomography.
There is growing interest in the classification of the different types of drusen in age-related macular degeneration due to its relevant clinical and prognostic impact. The main objective of the TFM is to determine the prevalence of drusen subtypes in a group of patients with AMD from the Fight Retina Blindness! registry. morphologically and topographically typifying them using optical coherence tomography.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ CID, Mª JOSEFA (Tutorships)
ABRALDES LOPEZ-VEIGA, MAXIMINO JOSE (Co-tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ CID, Mª JOSEFA (Tutorships)
ABRALDES LOPEZ-VEIGA, MAXIMINO JOSE (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Coordinator)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
González Pérez, Javier (Secretary)
BLANCO TEIJEIRO, MARIA JOSE (Member)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Coordinator)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
González Pérez, Javier (Secretary)
BLANCO TEIJEIRO, MARIA JOSE (Member)
Anatomical and functional evaluation in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) after treatment with anti-VEGF drugs: FRB! Project
Authorship
D.R.D.D.D.S.
Master in Vision Sciences Research
D.R.D.D.D.S.
Master in Vision Sciences Research
Defense date
07.12.2024 08:00
07.12.2024 08:00
Summary
Introduction: Neovascular AMD constitutes a tenth of the total cases of AMD in Spain but represents the majority of advanced and more progressive cases with progressive deterioration of VA. Intravitreal therapy with anti-VEGF has represented a significant change in the management of this pathology. Objectives: To analyze the functional (visual acuity) and qualitative and quantitative anatomical (retinal changes on OCT) response of naïve patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD to treatment with anti-VEGF drugs. The included patients began treatment between January 1 and March 15, 2023 and were followed up in the Medical Retina and Ocular Diabetes Unit of the Ophthalmology Service of the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) until April 30, 2024. Material and methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in naïve patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD under follow-up and treatment with anti-VEGF drugs such as Ranibizumab or Aflibercept. Of the total 1045 intravitreal injections analyzed, only n=41 naïve eyes with neovascular AMD were included in the study. The Snellen BCVA and the ETDRS scale were used for functional evaluation, as well as neovascular activity and EFC for qualitative and quantitative anatomical evaluation through OCT. Results: The type of anti-VEGF treatment most administered was Aflibercept (Eylea) in 63.4%, with between 5 and 9 doses being the most frequent during the average follow-up time (11.3 months). 87.81% of the eyes obtained a favorable functional response or at least maintenance of the initial VA at the end of follow-up. The quantitative anatomical response was favorable or at least maintenance in 92.68% of the eyes, while the qualitative anatomical response was only in 43.9% at the end of follow-up. Functional response was statistically significantly associated with the number of injections and FIR. Quantitative anatomical response was associated with VAP type, anti-VEGF drug type, and FIR. Retinal atrophy was not associated with any of the included variables, while subretinal fibrosis was associated with MNV type and baseline CST. Conclusions: Intravitreal therapy with anti-VEGF drugs provides functional and anatomical improvement in patients with neovascular AMD. The results obtained in real clinical practice are inferior to those reflected by the main clinical trials.
Introduction: Neovascular AMD constitutes a tenth of the total cases of AMD in Spain but represents the majority of advanced and more progressive cases with progressive deterioration of VA. Intravitreal therapy with anti-VEGF has represented a significant change in the management of this pathology. Objectives: To analyze the functional (visual acuity) and qualitative and quantitative anatomical (retinal changes on OCT) response of naïve patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD to treatment with anti-VEGF drugs. The included patients began treatment between January 1 and March 15, 2023 and were followed up in the Medical Retina and Ocular Diabetes Unit of the Ophthalmology Service of the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) until April 30, 2024. Material and methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in naïve patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD under follow-up and treatment with anti-VEGF drugs such as Ranibizumab or Aflibercept. Of the total 1045 intravitreal injections analyzed, only n=41 naïve eyes with neovascular AMD were included in the study. The Snellen BCVA and the ETDRS scale were used for functional evaluation, as well as neovascular activity and EFC for qualitative and quantitative anatomical evaluation through OCT. Results: The type of anti-VEGF treatment most administered was Aflibercept (Eylea) in 63.4%, with between 5 and 9 doses being the most frequent during the average follow-up time (11.3 months). 87.81% of the eyes obtained a favorable functional response or at least maintenance of the initial VA at the end of follow-up. The quantitative anatomical response was favorable or at least maintenance in 92.68% of the eyes, while the qualitative anatomical response was only in 43.9% at the end of follow-up. Functional response was statistically significantly associated with the number of injections and FIR. Quantitative anatomical response was associated with VAP type, anti-VEGF drug type, and FIR. Retinal atrophy was not associated with any of the included variables, while subretinal fibrosis was associated with MNV type and baseline CST. Conclusions: Intravitreal therapy with anti-VEGF drugs provides functional and anatomical improvement in patients with neovascular AMD. The results obtained in real clinical practice are inferior to those reflected by the main clinical trials.
Direction
ABRALDES LOPEZ-VEIGA, MAXIMINO JOSE (Tutorships)
Fernández Rodríguez, Mª Isabel (Co-tutorships)
ABRALDES LOPEZ-VEIGA, MAXIMINO JOSE (Tutorships)
Fernández Rodríguez, Mª Isabel (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Coordinator)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
González Pérez, Javier (Secretary)
BLANCO TEIJEIRO, MARIA JOSE (Member)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Coordinator)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
González Pérez, Javier (Secretary)
BLANCO TEIJEIRO, MARIA JOSE (Member)
Prevalence of alcohol consumption and characterization of risk consumption in Spain.
Authorship
A.G.M.
Master in Public Health
A.G.M.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.18.2024 12:20
06.18.2024 12:20
Summary
Introduction: Alcohol is a psychoactive substance responsible for millions of deaths annually worldwide and associated with over 200 diseases. Its consumption is a risk factor for both non-communicable and communicable diseases, as well as being linked to accidents, violence, and loss of labor productivity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and alcohol risk in the Spanish population aged 15-64 years in the year 2020, as well as to characterize the latter. Materials and Methods: Microdata from the EDADES 2019/2020 survey (n=17,899) were utilized. Prevalences of alcohol consumption were estimated globally, by sex and age group, and prevalences of alcohol risk consumption were estimated nationally and by autonomous communities, disaggregated by sex. Three multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to characterize alcohol risk consumption. Results: The prevalence of alcohol consumption in the Spanish population aged 15 to 64 years is 93.0% (95% CI 92.5-93.4) at some point in life and 63.0% (95% CI 62.1-63.9) in the last 30 days, being higher in men than in women at all temporal points. Regarding the prevalence of alcohol risk consumption, it is 5.6% (95% CI 5.2-6.1), being higher in men, especially among those aged 15 to 34 years, with 10.6% (95% CI 9.4-11.8). Factors such as unemployment, lack of a partner, not being born in Spain, and tobacco or cannabis consumption increase the likelihood of alcohol risk consumption. In men, cannabis consumption in the last year is the most influential factor (OR=2.8, 95% CI 2.2-3.6), while in women, employment status, cohabitation, and the visibility of drug-related situations in the neighborhood do not increase the odds of alcohol risk consumption. Conclusions: The prevalence of alcohol consumption in Spain is high, particularly among young men. Factors such as unemployment and tobacco and/or cannabis consumption are associated with higher risk consumption, highlighting the importance of preventive policies to improve public health.
Introduction: Alcohol is a psychoactive substance responsible for millions of deaths annually worldwide and associated with over 200 diseases. Its consumption is a risk factor for both non-communicable and communicable diseases, as well as being linked to accidents, violence, and loss of labor productivity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and alcohol risk in the Spanish population aged 15-64 years in the year 2020, as well as to characterize the latter. Materials and Methods: Microdata from the EDADES 2019/2020 survey (n=17,899) were utilized. Prevalences of alcohol consumption were estimated globally, by sex and age group, and prevalences of alcohol risk consumption were estimated nationally and by autonomous communities, disaggregated by sex. Three multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to characterize alcohol risk consumption. Results: The prevalence of alcohol consumption in the Spanish population aged 15 to 64 years is 93.0% (95% CI 92.5-93.4) at some point in life and 63.0% (95% CI 62.1-63.9) in the last 30 days, being higher in men than in women at all temporal points. Regarding the prevalence of alcohol risk consumption, it is 5.6% (95% CI 5.2-6.1), being higher in men, especially among those aged 15 to 34 years, with 10.6% (95% CI 9.4-11.8). Factors such as unemployment, lack of a partner, not being born in Spain, and tobacco or cannabis consumption increase the likelihood of alcohol risk consumption. In men, cannabis consumption in the last year is the most influential factor (OR=2.8, 95% CI 2.2-3.6), while in women, employment status, cohabitation, and the visibility of drug-related situations in the neighborhood do not increase the odds of alcohol risk consumption. Conclusions: The prevalence of alcohol consumption in Spain is high, particularly among young men. Factors such as unemployment and tobacco and/or cannabis consumption are associated with higher risk consumption, highlighting the importance of preventive policies to improve public health.
Direction
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Co-tutorships)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
REY BRANDARIZ, JULIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
Characterizing high-risk cannabis users in Spain: EDADES 2022
Authorship
R.C.F.
Master in Public Health
R.C.F.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.20.2024 17:00
06.20.2024 17:00
Summary
Cannabis is the most commonly consumed illegal drug in Spain. Cannabis usage is associated with multiple health related risks, especially on a psychological level. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of cannabis use and cannabis high-risk use in population aged 15 to 64 years old in Spain and across it’s Autonomous Communities (AC) in 2022, and characterize high-risk cannabis users. This study analyzed EDADES 2022 (n equals 26.344) database. Prevalences of cannabis use were estimated by sex, age group and category assigned by the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST). Regression models were fitted to characterize high-risk cannabis users (CAST higher or equal to 4 points). Prevalences and odds ratio (OR) shown are accompanied by 95% confidence intervals (CI95%). Prevalences of high-risk cannabis use amongst the AC are represented in maps. In 2022, prevalence of cannabis use amongst Spanish population aged 15 to 64 years old in the last 12 months was 10,6 % (IC95%: 10,2-11,1); and 49,8% (IC95%: 47,8-52,4) of last year consumers showed a high-risk use. Prevalence of high-risk use increased with age and between male sex, those aged 35 to 44 years old had the highest prevalence of high-risk cannabis use [57,0% (IC95%: 51,6-62,2)]. The AC with the higher prevalence of high-risk use were Región de Murcia, Castilla La Mancha, Canarias and Illes Balears. Male sex (OR 1,8 [IC95%: 1,5-2,3]), basic level studies (OR 3,2 [IC95%: 2,0-5,0]), unemployment (OR 1,9 [IC95%: 1,4-2,7]), and tobacco usage in the last 12 months (OR 3,5 [IC95%: 2,4-5,2]) increase the odds of high-risk cannabis use. In 2022 almost 11 in 100 people in Spain had used cannabis in the last 12 months, half of these consumers showed a high-risk use. Prevalence of high-risk use of cannabis varies through the AC. Knowing the characteristics associated with high-risk cannabis consumers is key for the adequate implementation of public health politics that prevent cannabis usage and its risks.
Cannabis is the most commonly consumed illegal drug in Spain. Cannabis usage is associated with multiple health related risks, especially on a psychological level. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of cannabis use and cannabis high-risk use in population aged 15 to 64 years old in Spain and across it’s Autonomous Communities (AC) in 2022, and characterize high-risk cannabis users. This study analyzed EDADES 2022 (n equals 26.344) database. Prevalences of cannabis use were estimated by sex, age group and category assigned by the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST). Regression models were fitted to characterize high-risk cannabis users (CAST higher or equal to 4 points). Prevalences and odds ratio (OR) shown are accompanied by 95% confidence intervals (CI95%). Prevalences of high-risk cannabis use amongst the AC are represented in maps. In 2022, prevalence of cannabis use amongst Spanish population aged 15 to 64 years old in the last 12 months was 10,6 % (IC95%: 10,2-11,1); and 49,8% (IC95%: 47,8-52,4) of last year consumers showed a high-risk use. Prevalence of high-risk use increased with age and between male sex, those aged 35 to 44 years old had the highest prevalence of high-risk cannabis use [57,0% (IC95%: 51,6-62,2)]. The AC with the higher prevalence of high-risk use were Región de Murcia, Castilla La Mancha, Canarias and Illes Balears. Male sex (OR 1,8 [IC95%: 1,5-2,3]), basic level studies (OR 3,2 [IC95%: 2,0-5,0]), unemployment (OR 1,9 [IC95%: 1,4-2,7]), and tobacco usage in the last 12 months (OR 3,5 [IC95%: 2,4-5,2]) increase the odds of high-risk cannabis use. In 2022 almost 11 in 100 people in Spain had used cannabis in the last 12 months, half of these consumers showed a high-risk use. Prevalence of high-risk use of cannabis varies through the AC. Knowing the characteristics associated with high-risk cannabis consumers is key for the adequate implementation of public health politics that prevent cannabis usage and its risks.
Direction
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
GUERRA TORT, CARLA (Co-tutorships)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
GUERRA TORT, CARLA (Co-tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
ZAPATA CACHAFEIRO, MARUXA (Secretary)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
ZAPATA CACHAFEIRO, MARUXA (Secretary)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Member)
Non-attendance at External Specialized Care consultations.
Authorship
S.C.V.
Master in Public Health
S.C.V.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.20.2024 17:20
06.20.2024 17:20
Summary
INTRODUCTION: The non-attendance of patients to outpatient Specialized Care consultations causes volatility in healthcare operations and wastes resources. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the profile of consultations and patients with the highest absenteeism, estimate the factors that influence the total percentage and estimate the economic cost of non-attendance. METHOD: A retrospective observational study was carried out on a total of 2 million outpatient consultations cited in the health area of Vigo go in the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. RESULTS: Of the 2 million consultations that were included in the study, the percentage of total non-attendance was 10.2%. Male patients (10.9%), 18 to 35 years old (14.9%), first consultations (11.4%), appointments delayed more than 3 months (12.1%) were more likely to not attend. ), and appointments originating in primary care (12.6%). The economic cost of absenteeism during the three years that the study lasted was almost 22 million euros. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis provides valuable information on appointment attendance and non-attendance patterns, which may be crucial for healthcare providers to guide interventions that improve patient healthcare and optimization of resource allocation.
INTRODUCTION: The non-attendance of patients to outpatient Specialized Care consultations causes volatility in healthcare operations and wastes resources. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the profile of consultations and patients with the highest absenteeism, estimate the factors that influence the total percentage and estimate the economic cost of non-attendance. METHOD: A retrospective observational study was carried out on a total of 2 million outpatient consultations cited in the health area of Vigo go in the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. RESULTS: Of the 2 million consultations that were included in the study, the percentage of total non-attendance was 10.2%. Male patients (10.9%), 18 to 35 years old (14.9%), first consultations (11.4%), appointments delayed more than 3 months (12.1%) were more likely to not attend. ), and appointments originating in primary care (12.6%). The economic cost of absenteeism during the three years that the study lasted was almost 22 million euros. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis provides valuable information on appointment attendance and non-attendance patterns, which may be crucial for healthcare providers to guide interventions that improve patient healthcare and optimization of resource allocation.
Direction
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Martínez Baladrón, Andrea (Co-tutorships)
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Martínez Baladrón, Andrea (Co-tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
ZAPATA CACHAFEIRO, MARUXA (Secretary)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
ZAPATA CACHAFEIRO, MARUXA (Secretary)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Member)
Cannabis: characterization of consumption profiles in adolescents in Galicia
Authorship
S.F.N.
Master in Public Health
S.F.N.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.20.2024 17:40
06.20.2024 17:40
Summary
Introduction Drug consumption, both legal and illegal, is the main health issue in developed countries. Cannabis consumption is the third most consumed psychoactive substance among young people, after alcohol and tobacco. The objective of the present study is the characterization of the profiles of Galician adolescents associated with cannabis consumption. Methods The data source was the Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education in Spain (ESTUDES 2023). The information regarding cannabis consumption in the last 30 days and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, family relationships, academic performance, leisure or concurrent consumption of other drugs was analyzed. Prevalences and odds ratios (OR) were estimated using logistic regression. Results Young men have a greater probability of consuming cannabis (OR 1,3; IC95% 0,9-1,9) being the probability higher in those who were born outside of Spain (OR 2,1; IC95% 1,1-3,9) and in those who have an economic family status above the average for Spanish families (OR 1,3; IC95% 0,8-2,1). The permissiveness of parents towards their children's substance use, mainly cannabis (OR 3,2; IC95% 1,3-8,0); low academic grades (OR 2,6; IC95% 1,5-4,8); use if substances such as tobacco on a daily basis (OR 9,6; IC95% 5,4-17,1); being involved in risky situations (OR 3,1; IC95% 1,8-5,4) and easily obtaining illegal substances (OR 2,4; IC95% 1,5-3,7) increase the probability of consumption. Conclusions The prevalence of cannabis consumption in young Galicians is influenced, not only by their sociodemographic characteristics, but also by other areas such as relationships within the family; academic performance; the problems in which they are involved due to substance use and the attitudes and information they have on the subject of drugs. The identification of these variables belonging to the social and academic sphere of young people will allow the development of more effective public health measures. Thus, family education focused on what should be communicated and how one should act with young people seems to be decisive.
Introduction Drug consumption, both legal and illegal, is the main health issue in developed countries. Cannabis consumption is the third most consumed psychoactive substance among young people, after alcohol and tobacco. The objective of the present study is the characterization of the profiles of Galician adolescents associated with cannabis consumption. Methods The data source was the Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education in Spain (ESTUDES 2023). The information regarding cannabis consumption in the last 30 days and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, family relationships, academic performance, leisure or concurrent consumption of other drugs was analyzed. Prevalences and odds ratios (OR) were estimated using logistic regression. Results Young men have a greater probability of consuming cannabis (OR 1,3; IC95% 0,9-1,9) being the probability higher in those who were born outside of Spain (OR 2,1; IC95% 1,1-3,9) and in those who have an economic family status above the average for Spanish families (OR 1,3; IC95% 0,8-2,1). The permissiveness of parents towards their children's substance use, mainly cannabis (OR 3,2; IC95% 1,3-8,0); low academic grades (OR 2,6; IC95% 1,5-4,8); use if substances such as tobacco on a daily basis (OR 9,6; IC95% 5,4-17,1); being involved in risky situations (OR 3,1; IC95% 1,8-5,4) and easily obtaining illegal substances (OR 2,4; IC95% 1,5-3,7) increase the probability of consumption. Conclusions The prevalence of cannabis consumption in young Galicians is influenced, not only by their sociodemographic characteristics, but also by other areas such as relationships within the family; academic performance; the problems in which they are involved due to substance use and the attitudes and information they have on the subject of drugs. The identification of these variables belonging to the social and academic sphere of young people will allow the development of more effective public health measures. Thus, family education focused on what should be communicated and how one should act with young people seems to be decisive.
Direction
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
Santiago Perez, María Isolina (Co-tutorships)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
Santiago Perez, María Isolina (Co-tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
ZAPATA CACHAFEIRO, MARUXA (Secretary)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
ZAPATA CACHAFEIRO, MARUXA (Secretary)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Member)
Changes in Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with GLP-1 Analogs: A Non-Randomized Multicenter Study
Authorship
C.R.M.
Master in Public Health
C.R.M.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.20.2024 18:00
06.20.2024 18:00
Summary
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus presents a global challenge with alarming projections for 2045, mainly due to the increase in type 2 diabetes. In this context, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (aGLP-1) stand out as promising options due to their multiple benefits. Objective: To evaluate the impact of aGLP-1 on the overall well-being of patients, focusing on changes in quality of life. Materials and Methods: A clinical study with real-world data conducted in 13 healthcare centers. Subjects with type 2 diabetes and obesity who started treatment with aGLP-1 were included. A 44-week follow-up was carried out, including the measurement of anthropometric parameters (Body Mass Index, abdominal diameter, and weight change), laboratory parameters (Glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, c-LDL, non-HDL, c-HDL, and triglycerides), and the administration of EQ-5D-5L and SF-12 questionnaires at the beginning and end of the study. Results: A total of 135 subjects were included. Significant improvements were observed in laboratory measures (Glucose, HbA1c, c-LDL, and c-HDL), Body Mass Index, abdominal diameter, and weight change. Quality of life assessments showed improvements in the domains of mobility, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Initial and week 44 scores demonstrated improvements in EQ-5D indices, visual scales, physical component scores (PCS), but not in the mental component (MCS). Conclusion: GLP-1 analogs significantly improve the quality of life and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity, demonstrating their efficacy in disease management.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus presents a global challenge with alarming projections for 2045, mainly due to the increase in type 2 diabetes. In this context, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (aGLP-1) stand out as promising options due to their multiple benefits. Objective: To evaluate the impact of aGLP-1 on the overall well-being of patients, focusing on changes in quality of life. Materials and Methods: A clinical study with real-world data conducted in 13 healthcare centers. Subjects with type 2 diabetes and obesity who started treatment with aGLP-1 were included. A 44-week follow-up was carried out, including the measurement of anthropometric parameters (Body Mass Index, abdominal diameter, and weight change), laboratory parameters (Glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, c-LDL, non-HDL, c-HDL, and triglycerides), and the administration of EQ-5D-5L and SF-12 questionnaires at the beginning and end of the study. Results: A total of 135 subjects were included. Significant improvements were observed in laboratory measures (Glucose, HbA1c, c-LDL, and c-HDL), Body Mass Index, abdominal diameter, and weight change. Quality of life assessments showed improvements in the domains of mobility, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Initial and week 44 scores demonstrated improvements in EQ-5D indices, visual scales, physical component scores (PCS), but not in the mental component (MCS). Conclusion: GLP-1 analogs significantly improve the quality of life and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity, demonstrating their efficacy in disease management.
Direction
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Seijas Amigo, José (Co-tutorships)
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Seijas Amigo, José (Co-tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
ZAPATA CACHAFEIRO, MARUXA (Secretary)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
ZAPATA CACHAFEIRO, MARUXA (Secretary)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Member)
Impact of E-cigarette Use on Gingivitis and Periodontitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Authorship
D.G.V.
Master in Public Health
D.G.V.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.20.2024 17:00
06.20.2024 17:00
Summary
Introduction and objectives In recent years, new forms of tobacco consumption have emerged, among which are electronic cigarettes also known as e-cigarettes or e-cigs. Although the relationship between the use of e-cigarettes and their repercussions in the oral cavity has been previously analyzed, little has been studied on their relationship with the appearance of gingivitis and periodontitis. The aim of this study is to identify the studies that assess the relationship between e-cigarette use and its impact on the oral cavity, specifically with respect to gingivitis and periodontitis. Methods Bibliographic searches were performed in different biomedical databases following the PRISMA methodology. We included observational studies that evaluated the effect of exclusive consumption of e-cigs in presenting a diagnosis of gingivitis and periodontitis. In relation to how the presence of gingivitis/periodontitis was established, the included studies were classified as clinical or self-reported. Quality was analyzed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. For studies with clinical diagnosis, a descriptive synthesis was performed, while the results of self-reported studies were meta-analyzed for odds ratio (OR), using a random-effects model. Statistical analysis was performed with Stata v.17. Results A total of 636 studies were identified; 19 were ultimately included, with 10 being clinical assessments and 9 being self-reported studies. E-cigarette users have worse results in the clinically assessed parameters and the analysis of the results of the self-reported studies identified that e-cigarette use increases the risk of gingivitis (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.13-2.59), periodontitis (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.17-1.83) and bone loss (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.19-1.75). Conclusions E-cig consumption seems to increase the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis. It is recommended that professionals involved in oral health care should not recommend e-cigarette smoking as a method of smoking cessation. Further studies on the impact of e-cigarette use alone on oral health are needed.
Introduction and objectives In recent years, new forms of tobacco consumption have emerged, among which are electronic cigarettes also known as e-cigarettes or e-cigs. Although the relationship between the use of e-cigarettes and their repercussions in the oral cavity has been previously analyzed, little has been studied on their relationship with the appearance of gingivitis and periodontitis. The aim of this study is to identify the studies that assess the relationship between e-cigarette use and its impact on the oral cavity, specifically with respect to gingivitis and periodontitis. Methods Bibliographic searches were performed in different biomedical databases following the PRISMA methodology. We included observational studies that evaluated the effect of exclusive consumption of e-cigs in presenting a diagnosis of gingivitis and periodontitis. In relation to how the presence of gingivitis/periodontitis was established, the included studies were classified as clinical or self-reported. Quality was analyzed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. For studies with clinical diagnosis, a descriptive synthesis was performed, while the results of self-reported studies were meta-analyzed for odds ratio (OR), using a random-effects model. Statistical analysis was performed with Stata v.17. Results A total of 636 studies were identified; 19 were ultimately included, with 10 being clinical assessments and 9 being self-reported studies. E-cigarette users have worse results in the clinically assessed parameters and the analysis of the results of the self-reported studies identified that e-cigarette use increases the risk of gingivitis (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.13-2.59), periodontitis (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.17-1.83) and bone loss (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.19-1.75). Conclusions E-cig consumption seems to increase the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis. It is recommended that professionals involved in oral health care should not recommend e-cigarette smoking as a method of smoking cessation. Further studies on the impact of e-cigarette use alone on oral health are needed.
Direction
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
Court
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Member)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Member)
Is there a common pattern in journals publishing articles from paper mills?: A cross-sectional study
Authorship
N.M.F.
Master in Public Health
N.M.F.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.20.2024 17:20
06.20.2024 17:20
Summary
ABSTRACT Objectives: The main objective is to describe the characteristics of journals with article retractions by paper mills. Additionally, the aim is to look for correlations in order to identify patterns or factors that may make a journal more vulnerable to attack by paper mills. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Different data sources were used: Retraction Watch (RW) to identify paper mills and affected journals, Web of Science (WOS) for article counts per journal (2020-2022), and Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 2022 for key variables. In addition, data were obtained from the official websites of the journals themselves. Study population: All journals affected by retractions of original articles due to the presence of paper mills with a retraction date for this reason between 1 January 2020 and 23 January 2023. Main outcome measures: Journals were categorised into three groups according to the number of paper mills published. Descriptive analyses were performed to examine their main characteristics: country, publisher, impact factor, quartile, percentage of open access, percentage of original articles, categories, number of editors, number of citable items and editorial lead time. In addition, correlations between quantitative variables were explored and ordinal and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship with the number of retracted paper mills. Results: A total of 2,051 retracted articles were identified in 142 journals. The 35 journals with the most paper mills accounted for 89.42% of the retractions. The journals included are mostly in Q2 (35.2%) and Q3 (29.6%). There is an increase in the median value of citable items as the group progresses. Cluster 3 has an open access percentage of 71.6% (median value) and the median impact factor remains at approximately 4 in all clusters analysed. In addition, a significant inverse correlation (Spearman's Rho: -0.1891, p-value: 0.0293) was found between the percentage of original articles and the number of retracted paper mills. Conclusions: Retractions by paper mills suffer from a pattern of editorial concentration in journals with common characteristics: high percentage of open access, intermediate quartiles, low impact factor and a high volume of citable items. There appears to be no influence of the size of the editorial team. Future research is needed to further analyse the influence of editorial lead time.
ABSTRACT Objectives: The main objective is to describe the characteristics of journals with article retractions by paper mills. Additionally, the aim is to look for correlations in order to identify patterns or factors that may make a journal more vulnerable to attack by paper mills. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Different data sources were used: Retraction Watch (RW) to identify paper mills and affected journals, Web of Science (WOS) for article counts per journal (2020-2022), and Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 2022 for key variables. In addition, data were obtained from the official websites of the journals themselves. Study population: All journals affected by retractions of original articles due to the presence of paper mills with a retraction date for this reason between 1 January 2020 and 23 January 2023. Main outcome measures: Journals were categorised into three groups according to the number of paper mills published. Descriptive analyses were performed to examine their main characteristics: country, publisher, impact factor, quartile, percentage of open access, percentage of original articles, categories, number of editors, number of citable items and editorial lead time. In addition, correlations between quantitative variables were explored and ordinal and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship with the number of retracted paper mills. Results: A total of 2,051 retracted articles were identified in 142 journals. The 35 journals with the most paper mills accounted for 89.42% of the retractions. The journals included are mostly in Q2 (35.2%) and Q3 (29.6%). There is an increase in the median value of citable items as the group progresses. Cluster 3 has an open access percentage of 71.6% (median value) and the median impact factor remains at approximately 4 in all clusters analysed. In addition, a significant inverse correlation (Spearman's Rho: -0.1891, p-value: 0.0293) was found between the percentage of original articles and the number of retracted paper mills. Conclusions: Retractions by paper mills suffer from a pattern of editorial concentration in journals with common characteristics: high percentage of open access, intermediate quartiles, low impact factor and a high volume of citable items. There appears to be no influence of the size of the editorial team. Future research is needed to further analyse the influence of editorial lead time.
Direction
RUANO RAVIÑA, ALBERTO (Tutorships)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
RUANO RAVIÑA, ALBERTO (Tutorships)
CANDAL PEDREIRA, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)
Court
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Member)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Member)
Quality of life in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS)
Authorship
L.M.G.
Master in Public Health
L.M.G.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.20.2024 17:40
06.20.2024 17:40
Summary
Introduction: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has forced the international community to respond rapidly in research on the effects caused by the disease it causes. Hospitalization for COVID-19 can lead to a significant deterioration in the quality of life of those affected, since in addition to the discomfort caused during the hospital stay, it is necessary to evaluate the long-term sequelae caused by the disease. Quality of life can be measured through instruments such as validated questionnaires. Objective: To measure the quality of life of persons admitted for COVID-19 at the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela and to characterize the factors involved. Methods: Quality of life months after discharge was assessed by means of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire (N=108). The quality of life variable was constructed and a logistic regression analysis was performed analyzing the demographic variables and those related to life habits for which data were available. Results and conclusions: Despite finding some variable with some statistical significance, it was not possible to explain the quality of life of the people participating in the study with the variables analyzed. We theorize the need for a greater number of variables in the research to be able to establish relationships with the quality of life of the patients.
Introduction: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has forced the international community to respond rapidly in research on the effects caused by the disease it causes. Hospitalization for COVID-19 can lead to a significant deterioration in the quality of life of those affected, since in addition to the discomfort caused during the hospital stay, it is necessary to evaluate the long-term sequelae caused by the disease. Quality of life can be measured through instruments such as validated questionnaires. Objective: To measure the quality of life of persons admitted for COVID-19 at the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela and to characterize the factors involved. Methods: Quality of life months after discharge was assessed by means of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire (N=108). The quality of life variable was constructed and a logistic regression analysis was performed analyzing the demographic variables and those related to life habits for which data were available. Results and conclusions: Despite finding some variable with some statistical significance, it was not possible to explain the quality of life of the people participating in the study with the variables analyzed. We theorize the need for a greater number of variables in the research to be able to establish relationships with the quality of life of the patients.
Direction
Moure Rodríguez, Lucía (Tutorships)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
Moure Rodríguez, Lucía (Tutorships)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
Court
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Member)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ PEREZ, CRISTINA (Member)
Glaucoma surgery in patients undergoing different keratoplasty techniques
Authorship
N.L.R.
Master in Vision Sciences Research
N.L.R.
Master in Vision Sciences Research
Defense date
07.12.2024 08:00
07.12.2024 08:00
Summary
Objectives: To analyze patients undergoing keratoplasty at the Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela between January 2010 and September 2022 who required surgical treatment for glaucoma. Material and methods: Descriptive case study. The information was obtained retrospectively by analyzing the medical records of patients who underwent keratoplasty. Information related to demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients was collected. Results: Of the 624 keratoplasties performed between January 2010 and September 2022, 23 patients (3.6%) required surgery for postkeratoplasty glaucoma, of which 22 (95.6%) had undergone penetrating keratoplasty and 1 had undergone anterior lamellar keratoplasty. The mean intraocular pressure before and after surgery was 26.3+-9.9 and 14.13+-5.18 mmHg respectively. Of the 23 keratoplasties, 16 (69.56%) ended in graft failure after glaucoma surgery. The rate of graft failure was highest in patients with drainage devices (88.9%), followed by those with cyclophotocoagulation (63.6%) and trabeculectomy (33.3%). Conclusion: Glaucoma is an important and frequent complication especially in penetrating keratoplasty. Glaucoma surgery has proven to be effective in lowering intraocular pressure in those patients refractory to medical treatment, as well as in reducing the number of topical hypotensors to be used. Drainage implants are more effective in controlling intraocular pressure, but have a higher rate of graft failure compared to trabeculectomy and cyclodestructive procedures.
Objectives: To analyze patients undergoing keratoplasty at the Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela between January 2010 and September 2022 who required surgical treatment for glaucoma. Material and methods: Descriptive case study. The information was obtained retrospectively by analyzing the medical records of patients who underwent keratoplasty. Information related to demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients was collected. Results: Of the 624 keratoplasties performed between January 2010 and September 2022, 23 patients (3.6%) required surgery for postkeratoplasty glaucoma, of which 22 (95.6%) had undergone penetrating keratoplasty and 1 had undergone anterior lamellar keratoplasty. The mean intraocular pressure before and after surgery was 26.3+-9.9 and 14.13+-5.18 mmHg respectively. Of the 23 keratoplasties, 16 (69.56%) ended in graft failure after glaucoma surgery. The rate of graft failure was highest in patients with drainage devices (88.9%), followed by those with cyclophotocoagulation (63.6%) and trabeculectomy (33.3%). Conclusion: Glaucoma is an important and frequent complication especially in penetrating keratoplasty. Glaucoma surgery has proven to be effective in lowering intraocular pressure in those patients refractory to medical treatment, as well as in reducing the number of topical hypotensors to be used. Drainage implants are more effective in controlling intraocular pressure, but have a higher rate of graft failure compared to trabeculectomy and cyclodestructive procedures.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Tutorships)
López Valladares, María Jesús (Co-tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Tutorships)
López Valladares, María Jesús (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Coordinator)
González Pérez, Javier (Chairman)
Touriño Peralba, María del Rosario (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Coordinator)
González Pérez, Javier (Chairman)
Touriño Peralba, María del Rosario (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
Wide-Arc Intracorneal Ring Segments in Keratoconus
Authorship
A.V.P.
Master in Vision Sciences Research
A.V.P.
Master in Vision Sciences Research
Defense date
07.12.2024 08:00
07.12.2024 08:00
Summary
Summary: Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive eye disease characterized by corneal thinning and protrusion leading to distorted vision and significant loss of visual acuity. Among its therapeutic alternatives is the implantation of intracorneal ring segments (ICRS). These synthetic devices, of varying lengths and thicknesses, are implanted in the stroma to modify the corneal geometry and refractive power. Although numerous studies have supported their efficacy and safety, specific literature on 210º and 320º wide-arc segments is limited. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy, safety, and clinical-refractive outcomes of wide-arc intraestromal ring segments (210º and 320º). Materials and Methods: A descriptive, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients diagnosed with KC and treated with wide-arc ICRS at the Ocular Surface Unit of the Ophthalmology Service at CHUS were selected. A total of 18 eyes from 17 patients were included, divided into two groups based on the implanted segment: group 1 with 210º and group 2 with 320º, all operated with femtosecond laser. Evaluated parameters included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on decimal Snellen scale, spherical equivalent (SE), keratometries (K1, K2, Km, Kmax), topographic astigmatism, asphericity, pachymetry (central and thinnest point), anterior chamber volume, high-order aberrations (RMS and Peak Valley indices), and progression index. Measurements were taken preoperatively and 6-12 months post-intervention. Results: BCVA and SE improved in both groups, with more pronounced visual recovery observed with 210º ICRS and SE with 320º ICRS. Keratometric values showed significant decreases for both segment types, although reductions were more pronounced with 320º segments. Corneal astigmatism decreased overall, with a significant decrease observed only with 210º ICRS. Corneal asphericity (Q) markedly decreased, particularly with 320º segments. While overall anterior chamber volume (ACV) improved, it was significant only for 320º ICRS. High-order aberrations indices, RMS and Peak Valley, improved only with 210º segment implantation. Pachymetric results showed significant values only in minimum pachymetry and when shorter arc length segments were used. The progression index was null for both groups. The complication rate was 11.1%. Conclusions: Wide-arc intraestromal ring segments (210º and 320º) are a safe and effective procedure for treating moderate to advanced KC with certain phenotypes. Implantation of these segments improves both refractive and topographic parameters in these patients.
Summary: Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive eye disease characterized by corneal thinning and protrusion leading to distorted vision and significant loss of visual acuity. Among its therapeutic alternatives is the implantation of intracorneal ring segments (ICRS). These synthetic devices, of varying lengths and thicknesses, are implanted in the stroma to modify the corneal geometry and refractive power. Although numerous studies have supported their efficacy and safety, specific literature on 210º and 320º wide-arc segments is limited. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy, safety, and clinical-refractive outcomes of wide-arc intraestromal ring segments (210º and 320º). Materials and Methods: A descriptive, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients diagnosed with KC and treated with wide-arc ICRS at the Ocular Surface Unit of the Ophthalmology Service at CHUS were selected. A total of 18 eyes from 17 patients were included, divided into two groups based on the implanted segment: group 1 with 210º and group 2 with 320º, all operated with femtosecond laser. Evaluated parameters included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on decimal Snellen scale, spherical equivalent (SE), keratometries (K1, K2, Km, Kmax), topographic astigmatism, asphericity, pachymetry (central and thinnest point), anterior chamber volume, high-order aberrations (RMS and Peak Valley indices), and progression index. Measurements were taken preoperatively and 6-12 months post-intervention. Results: BCVA and SE improved in both groups, with more pronounced visual recovery observed with 210º ICRS and SE with 320º ICRS. Keratometric values showed significant decreases for both segment types, although reductions were more pronounced with 320º segments. Corneal astigmatism decreased overall, with a significant decrease observed only with 210º ICRS. Corneal asphericity (Q) markedly decreased, particularly with 320º segments. While overall anterior chamber volume (ACV) improved, it was significant only for 320º ICRS. High-order aberrations indices, RMS and Peak Valley, improved only with 210º segment implantation. Pachymetric results showed significant values only in minimum pachymetry and when shorter arc length segments were used. The progression index was null for both groups. The complication rate was 11.1%. Conclusions: Wide-arc intraestromal ring segments (210º and 320º) are a safe and effective procedure for treating moderate to advanced KC with certain phenotypes. Implantation of these segments improves both refractive and topographic parameters in these patients.
Direction
Touriño Peralba, María del Rosario (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Co-tutorships)
Touriño Peralba, María del Rosario (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Coordinator)
González Pérez, Javier (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ CID, Mª JOSEFA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ ARES, MARIA TERESA (Coordinator)
González Pérez, Javier (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ CID, Mª JOSEFA (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, MARIA ISABEL (Member)
Systematic review about the importance of fish intake in childhood through the mediterranean diet: health impact
Authorship
L.B.R.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
L.B.R.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
09.17.2024 09:00
09.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Introduction and Objective: Obesity is more common each day, especially in children and adolescents, being referred to as a pandemic of the 21st century. The mediterranean diet (MD) is known for its healthy profile and for its richness in nutrients, being the topic of research in several times. Fish intake is one of the essential components of this diet due to its nutritional properties like the intake of omega-3, high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals. The aim of this research is to explore the relationship between the adherence of the mediterranean diet, using the KIDMED index, and the body mass index (BMI) in infants. Methodology: To conduct this review a search in scientific databases was conducted following the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis). To measure the quality and bias of the studies a checking using the STROBE guidelines for observational studies was conducted. Results: The search in PubMed and Scopus led to 586 publications, using the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) 10 papers (7 cross-sectional, 2 cohort and 1 prospective) were chosen to be included in this review. Albeit the results were indecisive, most of the included works seem to demonstrate the existence of an inverse relationship between the KIDMED index and the BMI. Conclusion: Due to the high number of cross-sectional studies a causality association cannot be made, it is proven on several occasions that the mediterranean diet, hence the fish consumption, has improved the quality of life of overweight people.
Introduction and Objective: Obesity is more common each day, especially in children and adolescents, being referred to as a pandemic of the 21st century. The mediterranean diet (MD) is known for its healthy profile and for its richness in nutrients, being the topic of research in several times. Fish intake is one of the essential components of this diet due to its nutritional properties like the intake of omega-3, high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals. The aim of this research is to explore the relationship between the adherence of the mediterranean diet, using the KIDMED index, and the body mass index (BMI) in infants. Methodology: To conduct this review a search in scientific databases was conducted following the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis). To measure the quality and bias of the studies a checking using the STROBE guidelines for observational studies was conducted. Results: The search in PubMed and Scopus led to 586 publications, using the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) 10 papers (7 cross-sectional, 2 cohort and 1 prospective) were chosen to be included in this review. Albeit the results were indecisive, most of the included works seem to demonstrate the existence of an inverse relationship between the KIDMED index and the BMI. Conclusion: Due to the high number of cross-sectional studies a causality association cannot be made, it is proven on several occasions that the mediterranean diet, hence the fish consumption, has improved the quality of life of overweight people.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Relationship between the development of fundamental motor skills and physical activity level in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Systematic review.
Authorship
D.B.G.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
D.B.G.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
09.17.2024 09:00
09.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Introduction and objective: Obesity is the most frequent chronic non-communicable disease in childhood and adolescence. It is considered a complex pathology of multifactorial etiology. The decrease in physical activity (PA) and the increase in sedentary behaviors are two relevant factors in its treatment and prevention. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the relationship between the development of fundamental motor skills (FMS) and the level of PA in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology after collecting articles from Pubmed, Scopus and Scielo databases. Quality assessment of the publications was performed using the ROBINS-I tool. Results: 697 articles were identified from which 4 studies were selected that met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variety of protocols and tests for the assessment of FMS and PA are presented as a major limitation. The global development of FMS shows an inverse relationship with obesity in children aged 6-10 years and a direct relationship with PA level. At early ages (3-6 years) there is divergence on which FMS profile is related to obesity and low PA levels, with some studies identifying locomotor skills as key and others identifying FMS related to object control. Conclusions: The relationship between the level of PA, the development of FMS and the levels of prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents should be studied in greater depth. The studies published in this line show trends but are insufficient, with very limited samples and with a wide range of protocols for the evaluation of variables, especially FMS.
Introduction and objective: Obesity is the most frequent chronic non-communicable disease in childhood and adolescence. It is considered a complex pathology of multifactorial etiology. The decrease in physical activity (PA) and the increase in sedentary behaviors are two relevant factors in its treatment and prevention. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the relationship between the development of fundamental motor skills (FMS) and the level of PA in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology after collecting articles from Pubmed, Scopus and Scielo databases. Quality assessment of the publications was performed using the ROBINS-I tool. Results: 697 articles were identified from which 4 studies were selected that met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variety of protocols and tests for the assessment of FMS and PA are presented as a major limitation. The global development of FMS shows an inverse relationship with obesity in children aged 6-10 years and a direct relationship with PA level. At early ages (3-6 years) there is divergence on which FMS profile is related to obesity and low PA levels, with some studies identifying locomotor skills as key and others identifying FMS related to object control. Conclusions: The relationship between the level of PA, the development of FMS and the levels of prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents should be studied in greater depth. The studies published in this line show trends but are insufficient, with very limited samples and with a wide range of protocols for the evaluation of variables, especially FMS.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Picáns Leis, Rosaura (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Picáns Leis, Rosaura (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Systematic review about the safety and adverse effects of growth hormone treatment in Noonan Syndrome.
Authorship
L.F.L.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
L.F.L.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
09.17.2024 09:00
09.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Background: Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes, among other clinical characteristics, short stature. Recently, symptomatic treatment of short stature with growth hormone has been approved in Spain to try to improve the final height of these patients. Objectives: To report the safety and the adverse effects in patients with NS treated with GH. Methods: Systematic review was developed following the PRISMA method. Data source was Pubmed and Embase. All studies, that contain in the title or in the abstract about adverse effects of GH treatment in patients with NS, were included in the review. Results: 703 studies were identified, of which only 18 were included (2.5%). The cardiological, oncological, orthopaedics, endocrinological and neurological complications were reviewed in these patients. Conclusions: GH therapy in patients with NS is safe, but it is still waiting to continue with long-term studies to determine its safety over time.
Background: Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes, among other clinical characteristics, short stature. Recently, symptomatic treatment of short stature with growth hormone has been approved in Spain to try to improve the final height of these patients. Objectives: To report the safety and the adverse effects in patients with NS treated with GH. Methods: Systematic review was developed following the PRISMA method. Data source was Pubmed and Embase. All studies, that contain in the title or in the abstract about adverse effects of GH treatment in patients with NS, were included in the review. Results: 703 studies were identified, of which only 18 were included (2.5%). The cardiological, oncological, orthopaedics, endocrinological and neurological complications were reviewed in these patients. Conclusions: GH therapy in patients with NS is safe, but it is still waiting to continue with long-term studies to determine its safety over time.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Lendoiro Fuentes, Marta (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Lendoiro Fuentes, Marta (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Use of pulse oximetry in newborns for early diagnosis of diseases.
Authorship
A.J.P.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
A.J.P.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
09.17.2024 09:00
09.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Introduction: Pulse oxymetry screening is used to detect critical congenital heart defects in asymptomatic newborns. However, this screening allows to detect other pathologies, which are also relevant due to their morbimortality. Objective: describe hypoxemic diseases diagnosed using pulse oximetry during the cardiology screening in asymptomatic newborns performed at University Ourense Hospital. Methods: an observacional, retrospective and descriptive study was done. Results: We obtein a total of 96 patients. Transient tachypnea of the newborn was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by early-onset sepsis. There were four cases of congenital heart disease. Other diagnoses were: neonatal pneumonia, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, intersticial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension and meconium aspiration syndrome. Conclusions: Pulse oxymetry appears to be beneficial for non-cardiac hypoxemic disease in the newborn.
Introduction: Pulse oxymetry screening is used to detect critical congenital heart defects in asymptomatic newborns. However, this screening allows to detect other pathologies, which are also relevant due to their morbimortality. Objective: describe hypoxemic diseases diagnosed using pulse oximetry during the cardiology screening in asymptomatic newborns performed at University Ourense Hospital. Methods: an observacional, retrospective and descriptive study was done. Results: We obtein a total of 96 patients. Transient tachypnea of the newborn was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by early-onset sepsis. There were four cases of congenital heart disease. Other diagnoses were: neonatal pneumonia, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, intersticial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension and meconium aspiration syndrome. Conclusions: Pulse oxymetry appears to be beneficial for non-cardiac hypoxemic disease in the newborn.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Fernández Cebrián, Santiago Andrés (Co-tutorships)
Graña Silva, Fátima (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Fernández Cebrián, Santiago Andrés (Co-tutorships)
Graña Silva, Fátima (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
‘Systematic review on the consequences and factors related to the consumption of sugary and energy drinks in children and adolescents’.
Authorship
J.F.M.L.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
J.F.M.L.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
09.17.2024 09:00
09.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Introduction and objective: The consumption of sugary and energy drinks is increasingly common among children and adolescents. These drinks are associated with an elevated risk of developing short- and long-term health problems. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the existing evidence on the consequences of sugary and energy drinks consumption on the health of children and adolescents, as well as to detect factors associated with this high consumption. Methods: A systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines, with a literature search in Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to select relevant publications. Risk of bias assessment of the selected articles was performed using the ROBINS-I, ROBINS-E and RoB-2 tools. Results: Out of a total of 695 articles initially identified, after application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were included in the review. The selected studies showed a clear association between consumption of sugary and energy drinks and increased body mass index (BMI), obesity, and other adverse health conditions in children and adolescents, including metabolic, dental and mental health problems. Además, se identificó que el comportamiento de los padres y un estilo de vida sedentario son factores que influyen en el consumo de estas bebidas. Conclusions: Consumption of sugar-sweetened and energy drinks is strongly associated with increased obesity and other health complications in children and adolescents. The evidence underlines the need for public policy and intervention strategies to limit the availability and consumption of these beverages, especially in family and school settings. Further research is essential to develop more effective strategies adapted to different socioeconomic and cultural contexts in order to reduce the negative impact of these beverages on child and adolescent health.
Introduction and objective: The consumption of sugary and energy drinks is increasingly common among children and adolescents. These drinks are associated with an elevated risk of developing short- and long-term health problems. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the existing evidence on the consequences of sugary and energy drinks consumption on the health of children and adolescents, as well as to detect factors associated with this high consumption. Methods: A systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines, with a literature search in Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to select relevant publications. Risk of bias assessment of the selected articles was performed using the ROBINS-I, ROBINS-E and RoB-2 tools. Results: Out of a total of 695 articles initially identified, after application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were included in the review. The selected studies showed a clear association between consumption of sugary and energy drinks and increased body mass index (BMI), obesity, and other adverse health conditions in children and adolescents, including metabolic, dental and mental health problems. Además, se identificó que el comportamiento de los padres y un estilo de vida sedentario son factores que influyen en el consumo de estas bebidas. Conclusions: Consumption of sugar-sweetened and energy drinks is strongly associated with increased obesity and other health complications in children and adolescents. The evidence underlines the need for public policy and intervention strategies to limit the availability and consumption of these beverages, especially in family and school settings. Further research is essential to develop more effective strategies adapted to different socioeconomic and cultural contexts in order to reduce the negative impact of these beverages on child and adolescent health.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Picáns Leis, Rosaura (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Picáns Leis, Rosaura (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Diagnostic tools for oropharyngeal dysphagia in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authorship
A.O.G.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
A.O.G.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
09.17.2024 09:00
09.17.2024 09:00
Summary
Introduction:Oropharyngeal dysphagia is the impairment of normal swallowing during the pharyngeal or oral phase. Its prevalence in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy is estimated to be between 19% and 85%. Early diagnosis is crucial for selecting the best therapeutic approach in a multidisciplinary manner. Various tools, scales, and other complementary techniques such as imaging tests, including videofluoroscopy, are used for diagnosis. Objective: To analyze the main diagnostic tools reported in the literature, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies focused on diagnostic tools for OD. Results: A total of 102 articles were found, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. In five of these, the EDACS scale was used, while in four, other tools were employed. All tools were found to be reliable for diagnosis, showing significant correlation among evaluators in patient classification. Conclusions: Non-invasive diagnostic tools, such as scales, are useful for evaluating patients with OD. The most widely used tool is the EDACS, which is reliable and easy to use.
Introduction:Oropharyngeal dysphagia is the impairment of normal swallowing during the pharyngeal or oral phase. Its prevalence in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy is estimated to be between 19% and 85%. Early diagnosis is crucial for selecting the best therapeutic approach in a multidisciplinary manner. Various tools, scales, and other complementary techniques such as imaging tests, including videofluoroscopy, are used for diagnosis. Objective: To analyze the main diagnostic tools reported in the literature, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies focused on diagnostic tools for OD. Results: A total of 102 articles were found, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. In five of these, the EDACS scale was used, while in four, other tools were employed. All tools were found to be reliable for diagnosis, showing significant correlation among evaluators in patient classification. Conclusions: Non-invasive diagnostic tools, such as scales, are useful for evaluating patients with OD. The most widely used tool is the EDACS, which is reliable and easy to use.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Moreno Álvarez, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Moreno Álvarez, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
A systematic review of early life risk factors and later cardiovascular outcomes in infancy
Authorship
M.B.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
M.B.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Childhood obesity increases cardiometabolic risk during childhood. These cardiometabolic outcomes include glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the current state of research, a comprehensive review identifying all early-life risk factors that could predict cardiometabolic risk in children is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to identify the predictive risk factors during the first 1,000 days of life, including preconception, pregnancy and birth, and early infancy periods for cardiometabolic outcomes in childhood. The present systematic review was conducted to revise and search selected electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane CENTRAL) for longitudinal studies published between the database's inception and August 17, 2022. This systematic review protocol was registered to PROSPERO, CRD42022355152, following the PRISMA guidelines. We selected articles that studied risk factors in parents and infants, from preconception to infancy, for childhood cardiometabolic outcomes between 2 and 18 years. In 68 studies, we identified 229 associations between risk factors and childhood cardiometabolic outcomes. The majority of associations (n=162) were positively associated with cardiometabolic outcomes. Pregnancy and birth risk factors were the categories with the most reported associations (86%). The most frequently assessed characteristics were birth anthropometrics (n=75), sociodemographic (n=47), and pregnancy complications factors (n=34). In all periods, the most studied associations were identified for hypertension and metabolic syndrome. These results of this study are useful for predicting the risk for childhood cardiometabolic outcomes and for the modifiable factors. Future studies evaluating risk factors with scarce scientific evidence (paternal and preconception factors) are needed.
Childhood obesity increases cardiometabolic risk during childhood. These cardiometabolic outcomes include glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the current state of research, a comprehensive review identifying all early-life risk factors that could predict cardiometabolic risk in children is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to identify the predictive risk factors during the first 1,000 days of life, including preconception, pregnancy and birth, and early infancy periods for cardiometabolic outcomes in childhood. The present systematic review was conducted to revise and search selected electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane CENTRAL) for longitudinal studies published between the database's inception and August 17, 2022. This systematic review protocol was registered to PROSPERO, CRD42022355152, following the PRISMA guidelines. We selected articles that studied risk factors in parents and infants, from preconception to infancy, for childhood cardiometabolic outcomes between 2 and 18 years. In 68 studies, we identified 229 associations between risk factors and childhood cardiometabolic outcomes. The majority of associations (n=162) were positively associated with cardiometabolic outcomes. Pregnancy and birth risk factors were the categories with the most reported associations (86%). The most frequently assessed characteristics were birth anthropometrics (n=75), sociodemographic (n=47), and pregnancy complications factors (n=34). In all periods, the most studied associations were identified for hypertension and metabolic syndrome. These results of this study are useful for predicting the risk for childhood cardiometabolic outcomes and for the modifiable factors. Future studies evaluating risk factors with scarce scientific evidence (paternal and preconception factors) are needed.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Ruiz Ojeda, Francisco Javier (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Ruiz Ojeda, Francisco Javier (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Systematic review on the effect of the administration of probiotics and prebiotics in pregnant women and/or newborns on the intestinal microbiota of the newborn.
Authorship
A.R.B.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
A.R.B.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
Introduction and objectives: The microbiota is the set of microbial communities that reside in the human body and perform multiple functions; The administration of probiotics and prebiotics influences its composition. The aim is to synthesize the available evidence on the impact and influence on the composition of the newborn's microbiota and its colonization, through the administration of probiotics and/or prebiotics during pregnancy, lactation and early ages of the newborn. Methods: Systematic review following the PRISMA methodology; the databases consulted were: PubMed, Virtual Health Library and Web of Science. Health descriptors used: pregnancy, newborn, microbiota, probiotics and prebiotics. Established inclusion criteria: randomized clinical trials published between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2023, in pregnant or breastfeeding women and/or newborns. The quality assessment was carried out with the RoB 2 tool. Results: 364 publications were identified, after eliminating duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the revised articles were reduced to 8. The most commonly used probiotic strains have been lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, and prebiotic supplementation has been with fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides. The effectiveness of prebiotics is lower than that of probiotics and synbiotics and their power is greater if administered directly to the infant. Conclusions: Administering probiotics and/or prebiotics during pregnancy and the first weeks of infant life seems to improve intestinal microbial colonization patterns, especially in those born by cesarean section and/or preterm.
Introduction and objectives: The microbiota is the set of microbial communities that reside in the human body and perform multiple functions; The administration of probiotics and prebiotics influences its composition. The aim is to synthesize the available evidence on the impact and influence on the composition of the newborn's microbiota and its colonization, through the administration of probiotics and/or prebiotics during pregnancy, lactation and early ages of the newborn. Methods: Systematic review following the PRISMA methodology; the databases consulted were: PubMed, Virtual Health Library and Web of Science. Health descriptors used: pregnancy, newborn, microbiota, probiotics and prebiotics. Established inclusion criteria: randomized clinical trials published between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2023, in pregnant or breastfeeding women and/or newborns. The quality assessment was carried out with the RoB 2 tool. Results: 364 publications were identified, after eliminating duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the revised articles were reduced to 8. The most commonly used probiotic strains have been lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, and prebiotic supplementation has been with fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides. The effectiveness of prebiotics is lower than that of probiotics and synbiotics and their power is greater if administered directly to the infant. Conclusions: Administering probiotics and/or prebiotics during pregnancy and the first weeks of infant life seems to improve intestinal microbial colonization patterns, especially in those born by cesarean section and/or preterm.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Picáns Leis, Rosaura (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Picáns Leis, Rosaura (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Analysis of opsonized microbiota in children with cow's milk protein allergy using flow cytometry.
Authorship
A.R.M.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
A.R.M.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
07.18.2024 09:00
07.18.2024 09:00
Summary
The development of the intestinal microbiota and the immune system in infancy is crucial for health. In particular, immunoglobulins A (IgA) and IgG mediate mucosal protection, playing a fundamental role in the immune response against bacteria, viruses, and external components that may act as potential allergens. Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is common during this stage, presenting various clinical phenotypes and categories according to IgE antibody involvement. Objective: Quantify the levels of bacterial coating with immunoglobulins in the stools of CMPA patients and healthy controls using flow cytometry for their potential use as biomarkers. Methodology: An observational comparative study with a case-control design was conducted. The sample included 25 CMPA patients and 23 controls under 1 year of age. Flow cytometry was used to quantify bacterial opsonization with IgA and IgG in fecal samples, comparing the percentages of opsonization between controls and patients, and among the different CMPA categories. Results: IgA opsonization percentages were higher than those of IgG. No significant differences were found between the study groups, although a slight trend was observed in the case of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). Conclusions: It is necessary to identify fecal biomarkers for the early and accurate diagnosis of CMPA, avoiding invasive methods. Flow cytometry applied to the analysis of opsonized intestinal microbiota represents a promising methodology for future research in the field of food allergies.
The development of the intestinal microbiota and the immune system in infancy is crucial for health. In particular, immunoglobulins A (IgA) and IgG mediate mucosal protection, playing a fundamental role in the immune response against bacteria, viruses, and external components that may act as potential allergens. Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is common during this stage, presenting various clinical phenotypes and categories according to IgE antibody involvement. Objective: Quantify the levels of bacterial coating with immunoglobulins in the stools of CMPA patients and healthy controls using flow cytometry for their potential use as biomarkers. Methodology: An observational comparative study with a case-control design was conducted. The sample included 25 CMPA patients and 23 controls under 1 year of age. Flow cytometry was used to quantify bacterial opsonization with IgA and IgG in fecal samples, comparing the percentages of opsonization between controls and patients, and among the different CMPA categories. Results: IgA opsonization percentages were higher than those of IgG. No significant differences were found between the study groups, although a slight trend was observed in the case of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). Conclusions: It is necessary to identify fecal biomarkers for the early and accurate diagnosis of CMPA, avoiding invasive methods. Flow cytometry applied to the analysis of opsonized intestinal microbiota represents a promising methodology for future research in the field of food allergies.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Delgado Palacio , Susana (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Delgado Palacio , Susana (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
BAUTISTA CASASNOVAS, ADOLFO LAUREANO (Member)
Internalization in cells of peptide helicates with nuclease activity
Authorship
D.A.G.
Master in Biomedical Research
D.A.G.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Helicates based on the peptide ligand LLD display interesting DNA binding properties in vitro, showing selectivity towards three-way junctions over canonical doble-stranded DNA, and they can also display nuclease activity when Cu(II) acts as the metalic center. These properties lead to the thought of potentially using these metallopeptides for medical applications in the treatment of patologies such as cancer. Nevertheless, in order to get to this point it is necessary to first study their activity in vitro, however, these compounds are capable of autonomously corssing the cell membrane. This work focuses on studying different ways to internalize these helicates in mammal cells. Two internalization protocols were optimized, one of them based on fusogenic vesicles and another one based on a commercial vector, and then microscopy was used to check the cell state and the helicate location. The results for the vector were favorable and the helicate was able to reach the cell nuclei, even though the cells happened to die during the process, while most of the helicate remained in the cell membrane when lipids were used.
Helicates based on the peptide ligand LLD display interesting DNA binding properties in vitro, showing selectivity towards three-way junctions over canonical doble-stranded DNA, and they can also display nuclease activity when Cu(II) acts as the metalic center. These properties lead to the thought of potentially using these metallopeptides for medical applications in the treatment of patologies such as cancer. Nevertheless, in order to get to this point it is necessary to first study their activity in vitro, however, these compounds are capable of autonomously corssing the cell membrane. This work focuses on studying different ways to internalize these helicates in mammal cells. Two internalization protocols were optimized, one of them based on fusogenic vesicles and another one based on a commercial vector, and then microscopy was used to check the cell state and the helicate location. The results for the vector were favorable and the helicate was able to reach the cell nuclei, even though the cells happened to die during the process, while most of the helicate remained in the cell membrane when lipids were used.
Direction
MARTINEZ COSTAS, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Co-tutorships)
MARTINEZ COSTAS, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
González Blanco, Miguel (Chairman)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Secretary)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Member)
González Blanco, Miguel (Chairman)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Secretary)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Member)
Glycolytic variations in cellular models deficient in CCM3
Authorship
L.B.A.
Master in Biomedical Research
L.B.A.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Cavernous hemangiomas or cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are vascular malformations of microvasculature of the central nervous system. 20% of CCMs have a familiar genetic backround and are caused by mutations on one of the three CCM genes. Endothelial cells are the cell type whose phenotype is mainly affected in this sickness, and finding models that accurately represent their behaviour in vivo is a great challenge. Since their mainly ATP source is “aerobic glycolysis”, we aimed to determine if a cell line could be used as a model to asses the effect of CCM3 loss-of-function in the glycolytic genes expression. GSEA analysis of a BMEC cells RNA-seq suggested that glycolytic genes are under-represented in a non-significant manner in the CCM3-deficient samples. This observation was not validated in bEnd3 cells by qPCR, but some differences were observed between different confluence levels. Finally, the RNA-seq análisis was verified in BMEC cells, highlighting a great repression of Pfkfb3 expression under CCM3 loss-of-function. This study may facilitate the comprehension of how glycolysis is affected in endothelial cells under the absence of CCM3, taking on a novel investigation field that will function as a base for the development of therapeutic strategies of prevention or treatment for cavernous malformations.
Cavernous hemangiomas or cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are vascular malformations of microvasculature of the central nervous system. 20% of CCMs have a familiar genetic backround and are caused by mutations on one of the three CCM genes. Endothelial cells are the cell type whose phenotype is mainly affected in this sickness, and finding models that accurately represent their behaviour in vivo is a great challenge. Since their mainly ATP source is “aerobic glycolysis”, we aimed to determine if a cell line could be used as a model to asses the effect of CCM3 loss-of-function in the glycolytic genes expression. GSEA analysis of a BMEC cells RNA-seq suggested that glycolytic genes are under-represented in a non-significant manner in the CCM3-deficient samples. This observation was not validated in bEnd3 cells by qPCR, but some differences were observed between different confluence levels. Finally, the RNA-seq análisis was verified in BMEC cells, highlighting a great repression of Pfkfb3 expression under CCM3 loss-of-function. This study may facilitate the comprehension of how glycolysis is affected in endothelial cells under the absence of CCM3, taking on a novel investigation field that will function as a base for the development of therapeutic strategies of prevention or treatment for cavernous malformations.
Direction
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Tutorships)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Co-tutorships)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Tutorships)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Co-tutorships)
Court
González Blanco, Miguel (Chairman)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Secretary)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Member)
González Blanco, Miguel (Chairman)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Secretary)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Member)
Elevated SDC3 Levels in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Are Associated with Childhood Obesity
Authorship
A.Y.B.
Master in Biomedical Research
A.Y.B.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern worldwide due to its profound implications for the health and well-being of children in the medium and long term. In this context, the present study focused on investigating the association between circulating levels of the XOXBX marker and obesity in children and adolescents, exploring the translational potential of XOXBX as a biomarker in childhood obesity. Using a combination of anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses, and statistical studies, our results showed that XOXBX expression levels are significantly modified in the obese childhood population compared to lean controls. In addition, the research also revealed that XOXBX expression is positively correlated with most of the anthropometric variables evaluated and related to obesity. This work provides clear evidence on the relevance of XOXBX as a biomarker for childhood obesity and underlines the need for future research to delve deeper into its mechanisms of action. These findings achieved in this work could contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, improving the prevention and management of obesity in young populations.
Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern worldwide due to its profound implications for the health and well-being of children in the medium and long term. In this context, the present study focused on investigating the association between circulating levels of the XOXBX marker and obesity in children and adolescents, exploring the translational potential of XOXBX as a biomarker in childhood obesity. Using a combination of anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses, and statistical studies, our results showed that XOXBX expression levels are significantly modified in the obese childhood population compared to lean controls. In addition, the research also revealed that XOXBX expression is positively correlated with most of the anthropometric variables evaluated and related to obesity. This work provides clear evidence on the relevance of XOXBX as a biomarker for childhood obesity and underlines the need for future research to delve deeper into its mechanisms of action. These findings achieved in this work could contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, improving the prevention and management of obesity in young populations.
Direction
QUIÑONES TELLEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Tutorships)
AL-MASSADI IGLESIAS, OMAR (Co-tutorships)
QUIÑONES TELLEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Tutorships)
AL-MASSADI IGLESIAS, OMAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
González Blanco, Miguel (Chairman)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Secretary)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Member)
González Blanco, Miguel (Chairman)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Secretary)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Member)
The role of Interleukin 10 on the effect of angiotensin 1-7 in the expression and localization of the transcription factor STAT3 in inflammatory microglia
Authorship
B.M.C.Q.
Master in Biomedical Research
B.M.C.Q.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons during the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Within the immune system's regulatory mechanisms, interleukin IL-10 is released by glial cells in response to specific stimuli, controlling the extent and duration of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 have been shown to be mediated by the transcription factor STAT3 in various immune cell types. Recently, a non-canonical pathway involving the serine727-phosphorylated form of STAT3 (pS727-STAT3) has been described, which translocates to the mitochondria in response to certain stimuli and modulates mitochondrial function. Additionally, the nigrostriatal Renin-Angiotensin System has been implicated in the pathological processes of PD, particularly in the enhancement of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Within this system, the angiotensin 1-7 peptide, acting through its MasR receptor, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as well as modulating mitochondrial function. In the present study, we investigate the roles of angiotensin 1-7 and the anti-inflammatory interleukin IL-10 on the expression and localization of the transcription factor STAT3. Specifically, we analyze its serine 727-phosphorylated form, which is identified in the non-canonical pathway of the transcription factor, in pro-inflammatory microglia.
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons during the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Within the immune system's regulatory mechanisms, interleukin IL-10 is released by glial cells in response to specific stimuli, controlling the extent and duration of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 have been shown to be mediated by the transcription factor STAT3 in various immune cell types. Recently, a non-canonical pathway involving the serine727-phosphorylated form of STAT3 (pS727-STAT3) has been described, which translocates to the mitochondria in response to certain stimuli and modulates mitochondrial function. Additionally, the nigrostriatal Renin-Angiotensin System has been implicated in the pathological processes of PD, particularly in the enhancement of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Within this system, the angiotensin 1-7 peptide, acting through its MasR receptor, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as well as modulating mitochondrial function. In the present study, we investigate the roles of angiotensin 1-7 and the anti-inflammatory interleukin IL-10 on the expression and localization of the transcription factor STAT3. Specifically, we analyze its serine 727-phosphorylated form, which is identified in the non-canonical pathway of the transcription factor, in pro-inflammatory microglia.
Direction
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Co-tutorships)
VALENZUELA LIMIÑANA, RITA (Co-tutorships)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Co-tutorships)
VALENZUELA LIMIÑANA, RITA (Co-tutorships)
Court
González Blanco, Miguel (Chairman)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Secretary)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Member)
González Blanco, Miguel (Chairman)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Secretary)
SOUTO PEREIRA, SANDRA (Member)
Genetic bases of the replication and dispersion of virulence and MDR plasmids in marine bacteria pathogenic to humans and animals.
Authorship
S.F.P.
Master in Biomedical Research
S.F.P.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens is a major problem today. A niche for their dispersion is the marine environment, with aquaculture being a key pillar for the development and globalization of these resistances. This sector uses antimicrobials to prevent and treat bacterial infections, simultaneously causing the selection of bacteria and genes for resistance to them, and stimulating processes such as the horizontal transfer of genes. Plasmids play a primary role in this process. The presence of pAQU multiresistance plasmids was recently reported in the marine animal and human pathogenic bacterium Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd). This work will study the genetic elements involved in the replication of pAQU, as well as its geographic and taxon distribution. Given the zoonotic potential of Pdd for humans, and the high homology in specific regions of pAQU with the virulence plasmid pPHDP70 of the sister subspecies Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Pdp), whenever the experiment allows, the latter will be used preferentially. Therefore, we determined that the presence of pAQU plasmids is restricted to members of the Vibrionaceae family and that these are dispersed throughout the world geography, including the Mediterranean and Atlantic basins. They are present in important pathogenic species with significance in both human and animal health. These pAQU-type plasmids have been shown, through conjugation assays, to be incompatible, which supports the idea that they share the same replication mechanism with the pPHDP70 virulence plasmid. We discovered that a non-coding plasmid region constitutes the minimum cis-acting sequence required for its replications, also needing a trans-acting sequence, located at a distance, that codes for the RepA replicase. Assembling these regions with other modules of interest, we designed a new vector that will allow us to develop a plasmid interference strategy, both for multiresistance (MDR) and virulence plasmids. Incompatibility assays led us to determine the loss rate of both plasmids. Thus, we observed that the virulence plasmid pPHDP70 undergoes instability in vitro with a high propensity to cure. However, pAQU-type MDR plasmids are very stable, and in this study we propose that said stability may be granted by a Rhs-type toxin-antitoxin gene pair. Furthermore, based on plasmid sequences, we propose a new qPCR protocol for the routine detection of the aquatic pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscida, as well as replicons of the pPHDP70-pAQU family, in order to monitor the potential expansion of these multiresistance replicons in waters of the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins.
Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens is a major problem today. A niche for their dispersion is the marine environment, with aquaculture being a key pillar for the development and globalization of these resistances. This sector uses antimicrobials to prevent and treat bacterial infections, simultaneously causing the selection of bacteria and genes for resistance to them, and stimulating processes such as the horizontal transfer of genes. Plasmids play a primary role in this process. The presence of pAQU multiresistance plasmids was recently reported in the marine animal and human pathogenic bacterium Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd). This work will study the genetic elements involved in the replication of pAQU, as well as its geographic and taxon distribution. Given the zoonotic potential of Pdd for humans, and the high homology in specific regions of pAQU with the virulence plasmid pPHDP70 of the sister subspecies Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Pdp), whenever the experiment allows, the latter will be used preferentially. Therefore, we determined that the presence of pAQU plasmids is restricted to members of the Vibrionaceae family and that these are dispersed throughout the world geography, including the Mediterranean and Atlantic basins. They are present in important pathogenic species with significance in both human and animal health. These pAQU-type plasmids have been shown, through conjugation assays, to be incompatible, which supports the idea that they share the same replication mechanism with the pPHDP70 virulence plasmid. We discovered that a non-coding plasmid region constitutes the minimum cis-acting sequence required for its replications, also needing a trans-acting sequence, located at a distance, that codes for the RepA replicase. Assembling these regions with other modules of interest, we designed a new vector that will allow us to develop a plasmid interference strategy, both for multiresistance (MDR) and virulence plasmids. Incompatibility assays led us to determine the loss rate of both plasmids. Thus, we observed that the virulence plasmid pPHDP70 undergoes instability in vitro with a high propensity to cure. However, pAQU-type MDR plasmids are very stable, and in this study we propose that said stability may be granted by a Rhs-type toxin-antitoxin gene pair. Furthermore, based on plasmid sequences, we propose a new qPCR protocol for the routine detection of the aquatic pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscida, as well as replicons of the pPHDP70-pAQU family, in order to monitor the potential expansion of these multiresistance replicons in waters of the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Tutorships)
VENCES LORENZO, ANA (Co-tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Tutorships)
VENCES LORENZO, ANA (Co-tutorships)
Court
MARTINEZ COSTAS, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Member)
MARTINEZ COSTAS, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Member)
Immunotherapy in chemoresistant ovarian cancer: preclinical development of effective advanced therapies
Authorship
C.G.L.
Master in Biomedical Research
C.G.L.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Ovarian cancer is among the deadliest gynecological malignancies globally, marked by high rates of chemoresistance and recurrence. This study focuses on exploring new immunotherapy strategies to enhance treatment efficacy for this disease. Firstly, the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway is investigated in ovarian cancer cell lines, emphasizing its critical role in cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. This pathway, activated by STAT3 phosphorylation upon IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 complex binding, promotes resistance to conventional treatment and tumor progression. Furthermore, the impact of monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-6/IL-6R, siltuximab and tocilizumab, on chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell lines is evaluated. The anti-IL-6 antibody siltuximab, despite demonstrating antitumor efficacy in preclinical models of various solid cancers, has not shown significant clinical outcomes in patients with advanced cancer, highlighting the need for further investigation. In contrast, the anti-IL-6R antibody tocilizumab, approved for other indications such as rheumatoid arthritis and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, shows promising preliminary results against ovarian cancer, particularly in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents like carboplatin and doxorubicin. Overall, this study aims to expand the understanding of the involvement of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling in ovarian cancer resistance and to explore the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-6/IL-6R monoclonal antibodies as innovative strategies to improve clinical outcomes in patients with this disease. The results demonstrate a higher activation of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in chemoresistant cells, with increased IL-6 production, highlighting the involvement of this pathway in the development of chemoresistance.
Ovarian cancer is among the deadliest gynecological malignancies globally, marked by high rates of chemoresistance and recurrence. This study focuses on exploring new immunotherapy strategies to enhance treatment efficacy for this disease. Firstly, the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway is investigated in ovarian cancer cell lines, emphasizing its critical role in cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. This pathway, activated by STAT3 phosphorylation upon IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 complex binding, promotes resistance to conventional treatment and tumor progression. Furthermore, the impact of monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-6/IL-6R, siltuximab and tocilizumab, on chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell lines is evaluated. The anti-IL-6 antibody siltuximab, despite demonstrating antitumor efficacy in preclinical models of various solid cancers, has not shown significant clinical outcomes in patients with advanced cancer, highlighting the need for further investigation. In contrast, the anti-IL-6R antibody tocilizumab, approved for other indications such as rheumatoid arthritis and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, shows promising preliminary results against ovarian cancer, particularly in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents like carboplatin and doxorubicin. Overall, this study aims to expand the understanding of the involvement of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling in ovarian cancer resistance and to explore the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-6/IL-6R monoclonal antibodies as innovative strategies to improve clinical outcomes in patients with this disease. The results demonstrate a higher activation of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in chemoresistant cells, with increased IL-6 production, highlighting the involvement of this pathway in the development of chemoresistance.
Direction
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Co-tutorships)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Co-tutorships)
Court
MARTINEZ COSTAS, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Member)
MARTINEZ COSTAS, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Member)
Assessment of the immune response generated by DNA origamis
Authorship
B.L.L.
Master in Biomedical Research
B.L.L.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
The spatial distribution of ligands associated with the activation and regulation of immune cells is crucial for facilitating this process. Due to their properties, such as the ability to organize molecules with nanometer precision, DNA origamis hold great potential for manufacturing systems capable of regulating the immune response. Therefore, it is useful and necessary to visualize these DNA nanostructures within cells. In this TFM, fluorescent molecules with different DNA binding modes were employed to advance understanding of the interactions between DNA origamis and biological systems. Initially, the impact of these interactions on the stability of DNA origamis was studied. Subsequently, the immune response generated by these supramolecules was evaluated. Concurrently, a DNA origami was designed with varying densities of ligands to investigate how these patterns affect immune response. Finally, the stability of this structure was assessed in silico.
The spatial distribution of ligands associated with the activation and regulation of immune cells is crucial for facilitating this process. Due to their properties, such as the ability to organize molecules with nanometer precision, DNA origamis hold great potential for manufacturing systems capable of regulating the immune response. Therefore, it is useful and necessary to visualize these DNA nanostructures within cells. In this TFM, fluorescent molecules with different DNA binding modes were employed to advance understanding of the interactions between DNA origamis and biological systems. Initially, the impact of these interactions on the stability of DNA origamis was studied. Subsequently, the immune response generated by these supramolecules was evaluated. Concurrently, a DNA origami was designed with varying densities of ligands to investigate how these patterns affect immune response. Finally, the stability of this structure was assessed in silico.
Direction
POLO TOBAJAS, ESTER (Tutorships)
PELAZ GARCIA, BEATRIZ (Co-tutorships)
POLO TOBAJAS, ESTER (Tutorships)
PELAZ GARCIA, BEATRIZ (Co-tutorships)
Court
MARTINEZ COSTAS, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Member)
MARTINEZ COSTAS, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Secretary)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Member)
Novel interactions between DNA repair helicases and nucleases
Authorship
C.M.A.
Master in Biomedical Research
C.M.A.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Double-strand breaks constitute one of the most significant damages that DNA can suffer, threatening its integrity and the correct transmission of genetic information to the offspring. With the aim of avoiding the genomic instability associated with these lesions, cells have three main repair pathways, one of which is break-induced replication. For this pathway to take place efficiently, the activity of the helicase Pif1 is necessary, such that its elimination greatly reduces the resolution of the pathway. To carry out its activity, Pif1 requires interaction with other proteins that direct it to the site of the DNA where it is needed at the right time. In previous laboratory results, it was observed that the amino-terminal domain of Pif1 might contain a functional motif involved in its interaction with RPA, a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that participates in the early steps of break-induced replication. To demonstrate the existence of this interaction and to delineate the region of the amino-terminal domain of Pif1 responsible for carrying it out, in this work we performed a yeast two hybrid assay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing different variants of Pif1 with alterations in its amino-terminal domain and the RPA subunit 1, Rfa1, episomally. Our results pointed to an absence of interaction between the two proteins. Given that this interaction has been demonstrated to exist, we discuss several possible causes that could have led to the inability to detect it using the yeast two hybrid system, from the structural alteration of Pif1 and RPA to the possible generation of cellular toxicity derived from their interaction when overexpressed.
Double-strand breaks constitute one of the most significant damages that DNA can suffer, threatening its integrity and the correct transmission of genetic information to the offspring. With the aim of avoiding the genomic instability associated with these lesions, cells have three main repair pathways, one of which is break-induced replication. For this pathway to take place efficiently, the activity of the helicase Pif1 is necessary, such that its elimination greatly reduces the resolution of the pathway. To carry out its activity, Pif1 requires interaction with other proteins that direct it to the site of the DNA where it is needed at the right time. In previous laboratory results, it was observed that the amino-terminal domain of Pif1 might contain a functional motif involved in its interaction with RPA, a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that participates in the early steps of break-induced replication. To demonstrate the existence of this interaction and to delineate the region of the amino-terminal domain of Pif1 responsible for carrying it out, in this work we performed a yeast two hybrid assay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing different variants of Pif1 with alterations in its amino-terminal domain and the RPA subunit 1, Rfa1, episomally. Our results pointed to an absence of interaction between the two proteins. Given that this interaction has been demonstrated to exist, we discuss several possible causes that could have led to the inability to detect it using the yeast two hybrid system, from the structural alteration of Pif1 and RPA to the possible generation of cellular toxicity derived from their interaction when overexpressed.
Direction
González Blanco, Miguel (Tutorships)
González Blanco, Miguel (Tutorships)
Court
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
QUIÑONES TELLEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Member)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
QUIÑONES TELLEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Member)
Study of the role of the SPARC protein in the biology of Circulating Tumor Cells in breast cancer.
Authorship
M.P.R.
Master in Biomedical Research
M.P.R.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Breast cancer is by far the one with the highest incidence in the female population and most of the deaths caused by this disease are due to the appearance of metastases. Metastasis consists of the spread of the primary tumor to other organs and tissues and this is caused by Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) which are responsible for planting the seed of the secondary tumor in different areas of the body. The Modeling laboratory of the Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet) works with a mouse CTC (mCTC) line. During its characterization, the overexpression of the SPARC gene was highlighted, which was also observed to a greater extent in CTC clusters through the analysis of publicly available gene expression data of CTCs isolated from patient samples. This gene encodes the SPARC protein, which is related to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process and, therefore, to the development of metastasis. In order to find out how cells behave when faced with this protein, in this project various functional tests were carried out in addition to the characterization of mCTCs, to understand in greater depth the biology of these cells and what the role of SPARC is in the metastatic process.
Breast cancer is by far the one with the highest incidence in the female population and most of the deaths caused by this disease are due to the appearance of metastases. Metastasis consists of the spread of the primary tumor to other organs and tissues and this is caused by Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) which are responsible for planting the seed of the secondary tumor in different areas of the body. The Modeling laboratory of the Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet) works with a mouse CTC (mCTC) line. During its characterization, the overexpression of the SPARC gene was highlighted, which was also observed to a greater extent in CTC clusters through the analysis of publicly available gene expression data of CTCs isolated from patient samples. This gene encodes the SPARC protein, which is related to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process and, therefore, to the development of metastasis. In order to find out how cells behave when faced with this protein, in this project various functional tests were carried out in addition to the characterization of mCTCs, to understand in greater depth the biology of these cells and what the role of SPARC is in the metastatic process.
Direction
LOPEZ LOPEZ, RAFAEL (Tutorships)
Piñeiro Cid, Roberto (Co-tutorships)
LOPEZ LOPEZ, RAFAEL (Tutorships)
Piñeiro Cid, Roberto (Co-tutorships)
Court
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
QUIÑONES TELLEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Member)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
QUIÑONES TELLEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Member)
Use of epigenetic regulators in the treatment of stage IV breast cancer resistant to CDK 4/6 inhibitors.
Authorship
Y.D.J.P.G.
Master in Biomedical Research
Y.D.J.P.G.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
The following resistance-related genes were identified: BAX, PLAU, HDAC6, EZH2 and CDC 7. Among them are epigenetic regulators such as HDAC6 and EZH2. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of inhibitory drugs that act on these epigenetic markers as they could be an alternative as a second line of treatment in patients with metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer resistant to CDK-4/6 therapy.
The following resistance-related genes were identified: BAX, PLAU, HDAC6, EZH2 and CDC 7. Among them are epigenetic regulators such as HDAC6 and EZH2. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of inhibitory drugs that act on these epigenetic markers as they could be an alternative as a second line of treatment in patients with metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer resistant to CDK-4/6 therapy.
Direction
LOPEZ LOPEZ, RAFAEL (Tutorships)
Costa Nogueira, Clotilde (Co-tutorships)
LOPEZ LOPEZ, RAFAEL (Tutorships)
Costa Nogueira, Clotilde (Co-tutorships)
Court
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
QUIÑONES TELLEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Member)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
QUIÑONES TELLEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Member)
Ras: cancer, senescence and SUMOylation
Authorship
M.P.P.
Master in Biomedical Research
M.P.P.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
The Ras gene family encodes proteins crucial for cell signaling pathways involved in proliferation, differentiation, migration, cell cycle, etc. These proteins, approximately 21 kDa, alternate between an active state bound to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) (Ras-GTP) and an inactive state bound to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) (Ras-GDP). Those mutations that increase Ras-GTP levels are clinically relevant since they deregulate cell proliferation and differentiation, among other things, increasing the risk of cancer. In contrast, in some cell types, Ras hyperactivation initially induces premature senescence. Ras proteins are regulated through numerous post-translational modifications that facilitate their binding to the membrane and determine their subcellular localization and function. Laboratory results reveal that one of the post-translational modifications that modify Ras is SUMOylation, or SUMO (small ubiquitin-like protein) conjugation. How this modification is regulated or what its impact is on Ras's activities is unknown. In this study we explore both aspects. We studied the impact of several factors on the SUMOylation of the oncogenic protein H-RasQ61L and evaluated how inhibition of global SUMOylation influences the activity of H-RasG12V. Our results indicate that H-RasQ61L SUMOylation increases under conditions of cellular stress (heat shock) and in response to overexpression of the tumor suppressors PML and p14ARF. Furthermore, we observed that the inhibition of global SUMOylation negatively affects cell proliferation, induces senescence and increases senescence induced by H-RasG12V, but without altering alone the transactivation of genes associated with senescence such as p21, PAI1 and MMP1. On the other hand, we observed that overexpression of H-RasQ61L promotes the formation of foci in 3T3 cells and that inhibiting global SUMOylation seems to protect against this cellular transformation process. These results suggest that SUMOylation of Ras could be a mechanism of cellular response to stress situations and that modulation of global SUMOylation could contribute to the modulation of the activity of oncogenic forms of H-Ras. Further studies are necessary to determine whether the observed effects are mediated by direct regulation of Ras or through indirect mechanisms.
The Ras gene family encodes proteins crucial for cell signaling pathways involved in proliferation, differentiation, migration, cell cycle, etc. These proteins, approximately 21 kDa, alternate between an active state bound to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) (Ras-GTP) and an inactive state bound to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) (Ras-GDP). Those mutations that increase Ras-GTP levels are clinically relevant since they deregulate cell proliferation and differentiation, among other things, increasing the risk of cancer. In contrast, in some cell types, Ras hyperactivation initially induces premature senescence. Ras proteins are regulated through numerous post-translational modifications that facilitate their binding to the membrane and determine their subcellular localization and function. Laboratory results reveal that one of the post-translational modifications that modify Ras is SUMOylation, or SUMO (small ubiquitin-like protein) conjugation. How this modification is regulated or what its impact is on Ras's activities is unknown. In this study we explore both aspects. We studied the impact of several factors on the SUMOylation of the oncogenic protein H-RasQ61L and evaluated how inhibition of global SUMOylation influences the activity of H-RasG12V. Our results indicate that H-RasQ61L SUMOylation increases under conditions of cellular stress (heat shock) and in response to overexpression of the tumor suppressors PML and p14ARF. Furthermore, we observed that the inhibition of global SUMOylation negatively affects cell proliferation, induces senescence and increases senescence induced by H-RasG12V, but without altering alone the transactivation of genes associated with senescence such as p21, PAI1 and MMP1. On the other hand, we observed that overexpression of H-RasQ61L promotes the formation of foci in 3T3 cells and that inhibiting global SUMOylation seems to protect against this cellular transformation process. These results suggest that SUMOylation of Ras could be a mechanism of cellular response to stress situations and that modulation of global SUMOylation could contribute to the modulation of the activity of oncogenic forms of H-Ras. Further studies are necessary to determine whether the observed effects are mediated by direct regulation of Ras or through indirect mechanisms.
Direction
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Rivas Vázquez, María del Carmen (Co-tutorships)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Tutorships)
Rivas Vázquez, María del Carmen (Co-tutorships)
Court
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
QUIÑONES TELLEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Member)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
QUIÑONES TELLEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Member)
Master´s Thesis
Authorship
A.J.Q.T.
Master in Biomedical Research
A.J.Q.T.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Introduction and Objectives: The study addresses the need to develop in vitro models to analyze the function and regulation of the proteins Fn14 and TWEAK under conditions of ischemia and reoxygenation, which are relevant in neurological pathologies. The primary objective is to establish a culture model of bEnd.3 and HUVEC endothelial cells and evaluate how oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and subsequent reoxygenation (RO) affect the protein and gene expression of Fn14 and TWEAK. Method: A prospective factorial experimental study was designed in vitro using bEnd.3 and HUVEC cell lines. The cells were cultured under controlled conditions, exposed to OGD for 4 and 8 hours, and then subjected to reoxygenation for 4 or 24 hours. Changes in cell viability were assessed using the MTT assay, protein expression was evaluated by flow cytometry, and gene expression was measured by qPCR. Results: The cell viability of HUVEC and bEnd.3 did not show significant differences between OGD and OGD+RO conditions. However, in HUVEC, there was a significant decrease in Fn14 expression after OGD (p less than 0.05), which significantly recovered above baseline after 24 hours of RO (p less than 0.05). No significant differences were found in TWEAK expression under the same conditions. In bEnd.3 cells, no significant changes were observed in the expression of Fn14 and TWEAK in either the flow cytometry or qPCR analyses. Conclusion: The study established a monoculture model of bEnd.3 and HUVEC endothelial cells. Significant changes in Fn14 expression were identified in HUVEC under OGD and RO conditions, highlighting disparate behaviors following OGD or RO. TWEAK did not show significant changes in either cell line, although there was a tendency to increase after RO in bEnd.3. These findings underscore the importance of further investigation in more complex models, including co-cultures with neuronal or glial cells, to better understand blood-brain barrier disruption and its implications in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. These results contribute to the characterization of cellular responses under ischemia and reoxygenation conditions, providing a foundation for future studies exploring specific mechanisms and potential therapies for neurological pathologies.
Introduction and Objectives: The study addresses the need to develop in vitro models to analyze the function and regulation of the proteins Fn14 and TWEAK under conditions of ischemia and reoxygenation, which are relevant in neurological pathologies. The primary objective is to establish a culture model of bEnd.3 and HUVEC endothelial cells and evaluate how oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and subsequent reoxygenation (RO) affect the protein and gene expression of Fn14 and TWEAK. Method: A prospective factorial experimental study was designed in vitro using bEnd.3 and HUVEC cell lines. The cells were cultured under controlled conditions, exposed to OGD for 4 and 8 hours, and then subjected to reoxygenation for 4 or 24 hours. Changes in cell viability were assessed using the MTT assay, protein expression was evaluated by flow cytometry, and gene expression was measured by qPCR. Results: The cell viability of HUVEC and bEnd.3 did not show significant differences between OGD and OGD+RO conditions. However, in HUVEC, there was a significant decrease in Fn14 expression after OGD (p less than 0.05), which significantly recovered above baseline after 24 hours of RO (p less than 0.05). No significant differences were found in TWEAK expression under the same conditions. In bEnd.3 cells, no significant changes were observed in the expression of Fn14 and TWEAK in either the flow cytometry or qPCR analyses. Conclusion: The study established a monoculture model of bEnd.3 and HUVEC endothelial cells. Significant changes in Fn14 expression were identified in HUVEC under OGD and RO conditions, highlighting disparate behaviors following OGD or RO. TWEAK did not show significant changes in either cell line, although there was a tendency to increase after RO in bEnd.3. These findings underscore the importance of further investigation in more complex models, including co-cultures with neuronal or glial cells, to better understand blood-brain barrier disruption and its implications in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. These results contribute to the characterization of cellular responses under ischemia and reoxygenation conditions, providing a foundation for future studies exploring specific mechanisms and potential therapies for neurological pathologies.
Direction
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
IGLESIAS REY, RAMON (Co-tutorships)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
IGLESIAS REY, RAMON (Co-tutorships)
Court
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
QUIÑONES TELLEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Member)
POMBO RAMOS, CELIA MARIA (Chairman)
QUIÑONES TELLEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
ZALVIDE TORRENTE, JUAN BAUTISTA (Member)
Cachexia associated with pancreatic cancer
Authorship
L.S.L.
Master in Biomedical Research
L.S.L.
Master in Biomedical Research
Defense date
07.19.2024 09:30
07.19.2024 09:30
Summary
Cancer-associated cachexia is a condition characterised by a loss of skeletal muscle mass that significantly affects patients' quality of life and response to chemotherapy. Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are at increased risk for this condition. This study examines the ability of the obestatin/GPR39 system to protect against muscle atrophy as well as its effects on tumour cells.
Cancer-associated cachexia is a condition characterised by a loss of skeletal muscle mass that significantly affects patients' quality of life and response to chemotherapy. Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are at increased risk for this condition. This study examines the ability of the obestatin/GPR39 system to protect against muscle atrophy as well as its effects on tumour cells.
Direction
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Perez Camiña, Jesús (Co-tutorships)
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Perez Camiña, Jesús (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Chairman)
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Secretary)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Member)
RODRIGUEZ OSORIO, CARLOS (Chairman)
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Secretary)
VIDAL FIGUEROA, ANXO (Member)