Post-traumatic stress as a consequence of COVID-19 in healthcare personnel
Authorship
R.G.Q.
Psychology
R.G.Q.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 12:00
07.08.2024 12:00
Summary
This study aims to report on whether or not there is a significant relationship between post-traumatic stress and the COVID-19 pandemic in the health system. In order to respond to the proposed objectives, a bibliographic revision is conducted in Pubmed and Web of Science databases, from which eleven articles have been selected. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between these variables, with an average of approximately 20% of health care workers having developed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder during the pandemic. Futhermore, several risk factors have been identified that contribute to the onset of this disorder, as well as anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. These include female gender, youth, high levels of anxiety and depression, the presence of chronic illnesses, working twenty-four hours shifts, working directly with patients infected by the virus or having a relative infected. Finally, while there is research on the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and the COVID-19 pandemic in health care workers, more longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to develop more effective preventive interventions
This study aims to report on whether or not there is a significant relationship between post-traumatic stress and the COVID-19 pandemic in the health system. In order to respond to the proposed objectives, a bibliographic revision is conducted in Pubmed and Web of Science databases, from which eleven articles have been selected. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between these variables, with an average of approximately 20% of health care workers having developed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder during the pandemic. Futhermore, several risk factors have been identified that contribute to the onset of this disorder, as well as anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. These include female gender, youth, high levels of anxiety and depression, the presence of chronic illnesses, working twenty-four hours shifts, working directly with patients infected by the virus or having a relative infected. Finally, while there is research on the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and the COVID-19 pandemic in health care workers, more longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to develop more effective preventive interventions
Direction
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Tutorships)
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Tutorships)
Court
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Student’s tutor)
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Student’s tutor)
Physical exercise and influence of physical activity on physical activity on quality of life
Authorship
S.M.C.
Psychology
S.M.C.
Psychology
Defense date
02.15.2024 11:30
02.15.2024 11:30
Summary
Aging, an inevitable process intrinsic to human life, poses significant challenges in the quest for optimal quality of life in old age. challenges in the quest for an optimal quality of life in old age. In this context physical activity emerges as an essential tool that not only seeks to improve physical health, but also to promote comprehensive physical health, but also to promote a comprehensive psychological well-being in the elderly population. This paper considers the connection between physical activity and the elderly, the benefits on quality of life, life satisfaction and self-perception of the elderly. and self-perception of health; in addition, we will try to explore the differences that may occur according to sex/gender and differences that may occur according to sex/gender and the use of day care center devices. For this purpose, an empirical quantitative empirical research study was carried out with the participation of a sample of 118 people from the of 118 people from the region of Barbanza and Vilagarcía de Arousa, aged between 60 and 90 years old. between 60 and 90 years of age, of which 53% use the Day Center resource. To collect the information, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire in its scaled version (Goldberg and Hillier, 1979), the Bem Sex Inventory (Bem, 1974), and a sociodemographic data collection sheet. sociodemographic data. After analyzing the information obtained, we concluded the relevance that physical the relevance of physical exercise in the health and life satisfaction of our older adults, and of the importance of having an active the importance of having an active and healthy aging and making use of the Day Care Centers.
Aging, an inevitable process intrinsic to human life, poses significant challenges in the quest for optimal quality of life in old age. challenges in the quest for an optimal quality of life in old age. In this context physical activity emerges as an essential tool that not only seeks to improve physical health, but also to promote comprehensive physical health, but also to promote a comprehensive psychological well-being in the elderly population. This paper considers the connection between physical activity and the elderly, the benefits on quality of life, life satisfaction and self-perception of the elderly. and self-perception of health; in addition, we will try to explore the differences that may occur according to sex/gender and differences that may occur according to sex/gender and the use of day care center devices. For this purpose, an empirical quantitative empirical research study was carried out with the participation of a sample of 118 people from the of 118 people from the region of Barbanza and Vilagarcía de Arousa, aged between 60 and 90 years old. between 60 and 90 years of age, of which 53% use the Day Center resource. To collect the information, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire in its scaled version (Goldberg and Hillier, 1979), the Bem Sex Inventory (Bem, 1974), and a sociodemographic data collection sheet. sociodemographic data. After analyzing the information obtained, we concluded the relevance that physical the relevance of physical exercise in the health and life satisfaction of our older adults, and of the importance of having an active the importance of having an active and healthy aging and making use of the Day Care Centers.
Direction
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Tutorships)
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Tutorships)
Court
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Student’s tutor)
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Student’s tutor)
Masculinity: A barrier to emotional experience and expression
Authorship
L.P.G.
Psychology
L.P.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Prevalence of depression among women is twice as high as among men, with 7.5% compared to 3.5%, while the opposite takes place for the prevalence of suicide, with men being twice as likely to die from suicide as women. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the reasons behind these data, focusing on the explanatory role of gender roles and stereotypes. For this purpose a systematic search of the existing literature from 2018 to the present was conducted in which 14 studies were selected, most of which analyse the role of masculinity in men's depressive symptomatology. The results of these investigations show that some masculinity factors, and other variables related to this construct, are positively related to an atypical depressive symptomatology present mainly among men with a high adherence to the masculine norm. This manifestation is characterised by the presence of externalising symptoms such as substance use problems or aggression, which would not threaten masculinity as classical depressive symptomatology does. Thus, the symptoms of many men would not be permeable to the classic diagnostic criteria, resulting in a lower prevalence of men with depression, which is accentuated by a lower probability of seeking help.
Prevalence of depression among women is twice as high as among men, with 7.5% compared to 3.5%, while the opposite takes place for the prevalence of suicide, with men being twice as likely to die from suicide as women. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the reasons behind these data, focusing on the explanatory role of gender roles and stereotypes. For this purpose a systematic search of the existing literature from 2018 to the present was conducted in which 14 studies were selected, most of which analyse the role of masculinity in men's depressive symptomatology. The results of these investigations show that some masculinity factors, and other variables related to this construct, are positively related to an atypical depressive symptomatology present mainly among men with a high adherence to the masculine norm. This manifestation is characterised by the presence of externalising symptoms such as substance use problems or aggression, which would not threaten masculinity as classical depressive symptomatology does. Thus, the symptoms of many men would not be permeable to the classic diagnostic criteria, resulting in a lower prevalence of men with depression, which is accentuated by a lower probability of seeking help.
Direction
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Tutorships)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Tutorships)
Court
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Chairman)
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Secretary)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Member)
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Chairman)
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Secretary)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Member)
Influence of emotional regulation emotional regulation in the adaptation to university
Authorship
D.D.V.P.M.
Psychology
D.D.V.P.M.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 11:30
07.08.2024 11:30
Summary
The aim of this study was to determine the importance of emotional regulation in the process of adaptation of students to university. A sample of students from the University of Santiago de Compostela, with an age range between 19 and 20 years old in the third year of the degree (N=176; 93 females and 83 males) was used. The Spanish adaptations of the Scale of Adjustment to College (SACQ; Baker and Siryk, 1989), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer, 2004) were applied. The findings of this study support the consideration of emotional regulation as an important predictor of college adjustment. From a gender perspective, small significant differences were found in the personal-emotional adjustment dimension, in favor of men. This suggests that men present greater psychological well-being and better adjustment in this dimension. Correlations between emotional regulation are statistically significant and inverse with all dimensions of adjustment. Regression analysis revealed that the clarity dimension was a significant predictor of overall adjustment and its dimensions, with the exception of social adjustment. In addition, momentum predicts students' personal-emotional and institutional adjustment, while goals influence academic adjustment. Emotional regulation dimensions would explain 35% of the total variance of the overall adjustment.
The aim of this study was to determine the importance of emotional regulation in the process of adaptation of students to university. A sample of students from the University of Santiago de Compostela, with an age range between 19 and 20 years old in the third year of the degree (N=176; 93 females and 83 males) was used. The Spanish adaptations of the Scale of Adjustment to College (SACQ; Baker and Siryk, 1989), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer, 2004) were applied. The findings of this study support the consideration of emotional regulation as an important predictor of college adjustment. From a gender perspective, small significant differences were found in the personal-emotional adjustment dimension, in favor of men. This suggests that men present greater psychological well-being and better adjustment in this dimension. Correlations between emotional regulation are statistically significant and inverse with all dimensions of adjustment. Regression analysis revealed that the clarity dimension was a significant predictor of overall adjustment and its dimensions, with the exception of social adjustment. In addition, momentum predicts students' personal-emotional and institutional adjustment, while goals influence academic adjustment. Emotional regulation dimensions would explain 35% of the total variance of the overall adjustment.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Student’s tutor)
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Student’s tutor)
Type A personality and its relation to cardiovascular disease
Authorship
M.S.P.
Psychology
M.S.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Type A personality pattern is a type of behavior exhibited by people with a tendency to display certain characteristics such as competitiveness, hostile reactions and excessive impatience and work involvement. This behavioral pattern is typical of industrialized societies. On the other hand, the importance of cardiovascular diseases lies in the fact that they are considered the leading cause of death worldwide. In the 1970s, the predictive value of type A personality on cardiovascular disorders was revealed. The main objective of this systematic review is to delve into the relationship between the two phenomena, since, despite having been extensively studied, there are still numerous debates and contradictions. To this end, a systematic search of empirical research was carried out in different databases, selecting 24 articles for the present work. After reviewing these papers, it was found that there is evidence to support the relationship between the type A behavior pattern and cardiovascular disease. However, some studies refute this relationship. The consideration of different components of the type A behavior pattern, or the use of different measurement instruments, could explain these disparate results in the literature.
Type A personality pattern is a type of behavior exhibited by people with a tendency to display certain characteristics such as competitiveness, hostile reactions and excessive impatience and work involvement. This behavioral pattern is typical of industrialized societies. On the other hand, the importance of cardiovascular diseases lies in the fact that they are considered the leading cause of death worldwide. In the 1970s, the predictive value of type A personality on cardiovascular disorders was revealed. The main objective of this systematic review is to delve into the relationship between the two phenomena, since, despite having been extensively studied, there are still numerous debates and contradictions. To this end, a systematic search of empirical research was carried out in different databases, selecting 24 articles for the present work. After reviewing these papers, it was found that there is evidence to support the relationship between the type A behavior pattern and cardiovascular disease. However, some studies refute this relationship. The consideration of different components of the type A behavior pattern, or the use of different measurement instruments, could explain these disparate results in the literature.
Direction
SANTIAGO MARIÑO, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
SANTIAGO MARIÑO, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Chairman)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Secretary)
Míguez Varela, María del Carmen (Member)
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Chairman)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Secretary)
Míguez Varela, María del Carmen (Member)
Intersectional differences in the experience of adverse adverse experiences and psychosocial psychosocial adjustment in adolescents in residential care
Authorship
C.C.C.
Psychology
C.C.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
dissertation comprehensively addresses differences in adverse experiences and psychosocial adjustment in adolescents in residential care, focusing on the influence of gender, socioeconomic status (SES) and origin. Drawing on an intersectional theoretical framework, we seek to understand the complexities inherent in this vulnerable population. Questions are asked about the relationships between gender, adverse experiences and psychosocial adjustment, as well as the impact of SES and origin. The research method used consists of quantitative data analysis, employing statistical tests such as ANOVA and Student's t-test to explore differences between groups. Data were collected in a total sample of 187 adolescents (46.5% boys, 50.3% girls, 3.2% non-binary gender), aged between 11 and 18 years, who were in 24 residential foster care resources in Galicia. The main results indicate significant disparities between genders, with girls reporting higher levels of psychological neglect and internalizing problems. In addition, differences were found by SES, with low-income adolescents showing higher incidence of physical neglect. Geographic origin was also influential, with European adolescents reporting more adverse experiences than those from Africa. These findings underscore the need for interventions and policies sensitive to gender, SES, and geographic context to improve the well-being of adolescents in residential care.
dissertation comprehensively addresses differences in adverse experiences and psychosocial adjustment in adolescents in residential care, focusing on the influence of gender, socioeconomic status (SES) and origin. Drawing on an intersectional theoretical framework, we seek to understand the complexities inherent in this vulnerable population. Questions are asked about the relationships between gender, adverse experiences and psychosocial adjustment, as well as the impact of SES and origin. The research method used consists of quantitative data analysis, employing statistical tests such as ANOVA and Student's t-test to explore differences between groups. Data were collected in a total sample of 187 adolescents (46.5% boys, 50.3% girls, 3.2% non-binary gender), aged between 11 and 18 years, who were in 24 residential foster care resources in Galicia. The main results indicate significant disparities between genders, with girls reporting higher levels of psychological neglect and internalizing problems. In addition, differences were found by SES, with low-income adolescents showing higher incidence of physical neglect. Geographic origin was also influential, with European adolescents reporting more adverse experiences than those from Africa. These findings underscore the need for interventions and policies sensitive to gender, SES, and geographic context to improve the well-being of adolescents in residential care.
Direction
MANEIRO BOO, LORENA (Tutorships)
MANEIRO BOO, LORENA (Tutorships)
Court
FERNÁNDEZ REY, JOSÉ (Chairman)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Secretary)
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Member)
FERNÁNDEZ REY, JOSÉ (Chairman)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Secretary)
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Member)
Attentional deterioration in patients with fibromyalgia, relationship with cognitive complaints and influence of modulating variables: a systematic review
Authorship
E.B.L.
Psychology
E.B.L.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
One of the most frequent and least studied symptoms of fibromyalgia (FM) is cognitive dysfunction. Although patients frequently complain of attention, concentration, and memory problems, these complaints often do not correlate with objective deficits in neuropsychological tests, or are explained by modulating variables such as depression. Given the heterogeneity of the existing studies and the discrepancies between them, this systematic review focuses on analyzing the functioning of attention. In addition to comparing patients with FM and healthy population, we analyzed the correlation of objective indices with subjective complaints and modulating variables. A search was carried out in PsychInfo and PubMed databases and 15 articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria established. The search and selection process was carried out according to the PRISMA methodology. The data showed, consistently and despite the heterogeneity of the tests used, that patients with FM present more attentional deficits than the healthy population, evidenced through greater reaction times or number of errors, among other behavioral parameters. However, there are discrepancies between studies on the correspondence between cognitive complaints and objective performance in neuropsychological tasks. With respect to modulating variables, studies show that sleep problems and pain intensity are variables that have a remarkable influence on attentional function, but there are discrepancies as to the role of other variables considered. All selected studies showed adequate quality according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale, used to assess the risk of bias. In conclusion, the results support the existence of attentional deficits in patients with FM, which would support the hypothesis that attention and pain share neural mechanisms. It is necessary to implement neurorehabilitation strategies to improve attention and thus reduce the functional impact associated with cognitive dysfunction.
One of the most frequent and least studied symptoms of fibromyalgia (FM) is cognitive dysfunction. Although patients frequently complain of attention, concentration, and memory problems, these complaints often do not correlate with objective deficits in neuropsychological tests, or are explained by modulating variables such as depression. Given the heterogeneity of the existing studies and the discrepancies between them, this systematic review focuses on analyzing the functioning of attention. In addition to comparing patients with FM and healthy population, we analyzed the correlation of objective indices with subjective complaints and modulating variables. A search was carried out in PsychInfo and PubMed databases and 15 articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria established. The search and selection process was carried out according to the PRISMA methodology. The data showed, consistently and despite the heterogeneity of the tests used, that patients with FM present more attentional deficits than the healthy population, evidenced through greater reaction times or number of errors, among other behavioral parameters. However, there are discrepancies between studies on the correspondence between cognitive complaints and objective performance in neuropsychological tasks. With respect to modulating variables, studies show that sleep problems and pain intensity are variables that have a remarkable influence on attentional function, but there are discrepancies as to the role of other variables considered. All selected studies showed adequate quality according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale, used to assess the risk of bias. In conclusion, the results support the existence of attentional deficits in patients with FM, which would support the hypothesis that attention and pain share neural mechanisms. It is necessary to implement neurorehabilitation strategies to improve attention and thus reduce the functional impact associated with cognitive dysfunction.
Direction
Carrillo De la Peña, María Teresa (Tutorships)
Carrillo De la Peña, María Teresa (Tutorships)
Court
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ESMORIS ARRANZ, FRANCISCO JOSE (Secretary)
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Member)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ESMORIS ARRANZ, FRANCISCO JOSE (Secretary)
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Member)
Shopping addiction. Review of studies about life satisfaction and satisfaction with shopping.
Authorship
P.A.M.
Psychology
P.A.M.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Shopping addiction, an increasingly relevant phenomenon in contemporary society, has been the main object of study in this dissertation. The wide range of repercussions that this problem may come to arise shows the importance of knowing its origin as well as its possible consequences. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive literature review to better understand this issue and its relationship with two satisfaction-related themes. Firstly, with the construct of life satisfaction, and secondly, with the satisfaction individuals experience after making their purchases. To this end, a systematic research of articles in the Scopus and PsycInfo databases was conducted and different empirical studies were included for further review. The review of studies confirms the link between shopping addiction and both themes of satisfaction, as well as other variables (materialism, shopping behavior, hedonic shopping motivation, impulsive buying, emotional intelligence).
Shopping addiction, an increasingly relevant phenomenon in contemporary society, has been the main object of study in this dissertation. The wide range of repercussions that this problem may come to arise shows the importance of knowing its origin as well as its possible consequences. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive literature review to better understand this issue and its relationship with two satisfaction-related themes. Firstly, with the construct of life satisfaction, and secondly, with the satisfaction individuals experience after making their purchases. To this end, a systematic research of articles in the Scopus and PsycInfo databases was conducted and different empirical studies were included for further review. The review of studies confirms the link between shopping addiction and both themes of satisfaction, as well as other variables (materialism, shopping behavior, hedonic shopping motivation, impulsive buying, emotional intelligence).
Direction
OTERO LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
OTERO LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Chairman)
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Secretary)
BECOÑA IGLESIAS, ELISARDO (Member)
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Chairman)
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Secretary)
BECOÑA IGLESIAS, ELISARDO (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
M.D.R.R.
Psychology
M.D.R.R.
Psychology
Defense date
02.15.2024 12:30
02.15.2024 12:30
Summary
In the present narrative review we will discuss a series of processes involved in romantic relationships. We will begin by discussing event-related potentials (ERPs) and the brain areas involved in the generation of initial romantic attraction (IRA). When a person in a crowd catches our attention two main ERP components are registered: LPP and P300. Both are associated with an extensive brain network involved in emotion processing, attentional control and social evaluations. We will also analyze how attentional processes improve when information associated with the partner is presented, not only in the initial moments but also throughout the relationship. As far as memory is concerned, a significant improvement was only observed in free recall tasks when presented with this type of information. We conclude the present paper by explaining how humans maintain romantic relationships, avoiding the temptation to enter into extra-partner relationships, studying mainly the participation of executive functions in this process. In recent couples the maintenance of the relationship relies on the activity of the brain reward system, whereas in longer relationships the successful regulation depends on the executive functions, mainly CPFVL.
In the present narrative review we will discuss a series of processes involved in romantic relationships. We will begin by discussing event-related potentials (ERPs) and the brain areas involved in the generation of initial romantic attraction (IRA). When a person in a crowd catches our attention two main ERP components are registered: LPP and P300. Both are associated with an extensive brain network involved in emotion processing, attentional control and social evaluations. We will also analyze how attentional processes improve when information associated with the partner is presented, not only in the initial moments but also throughout the relationship. As far as memory is concerned, a significant improvement was only observed in free recall tasks when presented with this type of information. We conclude the present paper by explaining how humans maintain romantic relationships, avoiding the temptation to enter into extra-partner relationships, studying mainly the participation of executive functions in this process. In recent couples the maintenance of the relationship relies on the activity of the brain reward system, whereas in longer relationships the successful regulation depends on the executive functions, mainly CPFVL.
Direction
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Tutorships)
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Tutorships)
Court
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Student’s tutor)
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Student’s tutor)
Compulsive buying behavior in adolescents
Authorship
L.A.F.
Psychology
L.A.F.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Compulsive buying behaviour is characterised by excessive, repetitive and uncontrolled purchases. Such behaviour can have negative consequences at different levels such as: health, family, social life and finances (San Narciso et al., 2023). Previous studies have pointed to its onset in adolescence; however, the available literature remains scarce and yields heterogeneous results. Therefore, our aim is to look at what has been published about compulsive buying behaviour among adolescents. Throughout this paper we focus on the following questions: the way in which the construct is referred to, with compulsive buying being the usual and recommended term; assessment tools used and their properties, we have seen the repeated use of some scales, being The adolescent compulsive buying scale (d'Austous et al., 1990) the one with the best psychometric properties; the prevalence of compulsive buying behaviour among teenagers, varying between 2.4% and 46% in the articles reviewed; lastly, associated variables and sociodemographic differences found in the literature, we would like to highlight that having substance and non-substance addictions, materialism, being young or being of the female sex, are risk factors directly related to this behaviour, there are also variables that have an indirect influence such as social comparison, the existence of family conflicts or attachment styles. On a final note, we should mention that our results could be skewed due to several constraints such as the need to leave out certain studies or grey literature and the impossibility to meet the criteria for a systematic review.
Compulsive buying behaviour is characterised by excessive, repetitive and uncontrolled purchases. Such behaviour can have negative consequences at different levels such as: health, family, social life and finances (San Narciso et al., 2023). Previous studies have pointed to its onset in adolescence; however, the available literature remains scarce and yields heterogeneous results. Therefore, our aim is to look at what has been published about compulsive buying behaviour among adolescents. Throughout this paper we focus on the following questions: the way in which the construct is referred to, with compulsive buying being the usual and recommended term; assessment tools used and their properties, we have seen the repeated use of some scales, being The adolescent compulsive buying scale (d'Austous et al., 1990) the one with the best psychometric properties; the prevalence of compulsive buying behaviour among teenagers, varying between 2.4% and 46% in the articles reviewed; lastly, associated variables and sociodemographic differences found in the literature, we would like to highlight that having substance and non-substance addictions, materialism, being young or being of the female sex, are risk factors directly related to this behaviour, there are also variables that have an indirect influence such as social comparison, the existence of family conflicts or attachment styles. On a final note, we should mention that our results could be skewed due to several constraints such as the need to leave out certain studies or grey literature and the impossibility to meet the criteria for a systematic review.
Direction
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Student’s tutor)
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Student’s tutor)
Prevention of sexual abuse in the socioeducational field
Authorship
S.B.K.M.
Psychology
S.B.K.M.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 12:00
07.15.2024 12:00
Summary
Child sexual abuse (CSA) constitutes a significant global public health issue. In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO, 2024) estimates that this form of abuse affects 7.6% of boys and 18% of girls before they turn 18. Therefore, this systematic review aims to analyze recent literature (specifically from the last five years) on CSA prevention within the socioeducational field. The goal is to identify existing programs or strategies and investigate their effectiveness. A comprehensive search was conducted across six databases, resulting in the analysis of eleven articles. Most programs were effective in improving knowledge, skills and/or attitude related to CSA and these improvements were often sustained in follow up assessments. In addition, authors provided insights into key components associated with better outcomes, emphasizing long duration program, short session intervals, and higher number of sessions. Other effective factors included the adaptation of the program, its repeated exposure, the use of the trainer of trainers model, interactive methodologies, and positive messaging. The review also highlighted the importance of addressing socialemotional skills and teaching how to differentiate between safe and unsafe situations. Notwithstanding these findings, there are no studies on the direct association of the program's application with changes in the prevalence of CSA. Thus, they were exclusively related to the aforementioned secondary indicators and, occasionally, to disclosures made.
Child sexual abuse (CSA) constitutes a significant global public health issue. In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO, 2024) estimates that this form of abuse affects 7.6% of boys and 18% of girls before they turn 18. Therefore, this systematic review aims to analyze recent literature (specifically from the last five years) on CSA prevention within the socioeducational field. The goal is to identify existing programs or strategies and investigate their effectiveness. A comprehensive search was conducted across six databases, resulting in the analysis of eleven articles. Most programs were effective in improving knowledge, skills and/or attitude related to CSA and these improvements were often sustained in follow up assessments. In addition, authors provided insights into key components associated with better outcomes, emphasizing long duration program, short session intervals, and higher number of sessions. Other effective factors included the adaptation of the program, its repeated exposure, the use of the trainer of trainers model, interactive methodologies, and positive messaging. The review also highlighted the importance of addressing socialemotional skills and teaching how to differentiate between safe and unsafe situations. Notwithstanding these findings, there are no studies on the direct association of the program's application with changes in the prevalence of CSA. Thus, they were exclusively related to the aforementioned secondary indicators and, occasionally, to disclosures made.
Direction
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Tutorships)
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Tutorships)
Court
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Student’s tutor)
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Student’s tutor)
Relationship between self-regulated learning and high abilities in students
Authorship
M.D.L.M.M.V.
Psychology
M.D.L.M.M.V.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
This final degree project examines self-regulated learning (SRL) in students with high abilities in order to determine the relationship between the two. To this end, a document search has been carried out in the Psycinfo, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Of the total number of articles found, 19 were used, in addition to 5 that were added later through a manual search due to their relevance for the writing of this report and to understand, to a greater extent, the topic to be addressed. The main findings indicate the absence of an intrinsic relationship between high abilities and SRL, showing that this is mediated by different motivational dimensions, such as self-efficacy and self-concept, as well as by the goal orientation of the students and the context in which they develop. These results suggest the importance of creating stimulating spaces in which students are encouraged to use strategies that make it possible to control their own learning in order to achieve good academic performance. The findings of this review have practical implications for classroom implementation, as well as for future research that may focus on exploring the relationship between the characteristics of individuals with high abilities and the specific components of SRL, such as those mentioned above.
This final degree project examines self-regulated learning (SRL) in students with high abilities in order to determine the relationship between the two. To this end, a document search has been carried out in the Psycinfo, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Of the total number of articles found, 19 were used, in addition to 5 that were added later through a manual search due to their relevance for the writing of this report and to understand, to a greater extent, the topic to be addressed. The main findings indicate the absence of an intrinsic relationship between high abilities and SRL, showing that this is mediated by different motivational dimensions, such as self-efficacy and self-concept, as well as by the goal orientation of the students and the context in which they develop. These results suggest the importance of creating stimulating spaces in which students are encouraged to use strategies that make it possible to control their own learning in order to achieve good academic performance. The findings of this review have practical implications for classroom implementation, as well as for future research that may focus on exploring the relationship between the characteristics of individuals with high abilities and the specific components of SRL, such as those mentioned above.
Direction
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Tutorships)
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Tutorships)
Court
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Chairman)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Secretary)
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Member)
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Chairman)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Secretary)
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Member)
Heuristics and biases in the clinical field
Authorship
N.M.M.
Psychology
N.M.M.
Psychology
Defense date
09.10.2024 10:30
09.10.2024 10:30
Summary
Heuristics are cognitive strategies that can lead people to commit systematic errors known as biases. Since individuals use them in their daily lives without being aware of it, it is of great interest to analyse their exact role. The main objective of this work is to review the existing literature on the performance of biases and heuristics in the clinical field, analysing how they affect the reasoning and decision-making of healthcare professionals. Therefore, a search was conducted for articles, documents and studies published between 2013 and 2023 on reasoning and decision-making in the clinical area, either research or review. The analysis of the reviewed studies showed that, for the most part, heuristics are part of the everyday life of healthcare staff, providing a quick and often effective method of solving everyday problems, although it was confirmed that heuristics can also lead to biases. On the other hand, some limitations were found, such as the fact that the results come from simulated situations and that the studies had an insufficient number of subjects to be able to extrapolate the data to the real population. Finally, this review has provided an opportunity to identify the most and least researched areas in relation to the topic of study, as well as the challenges and constraints that need to be addressed.
Heuristics are cognitive strategies that can lead people to commit systematic errors known as biases. Since individuals use them in their daily lives without being aware of it, it is of great interest to analyse their exact role. The main objective of this work is to review the existing literature on the performance of biases and heuristics in the clinical field, analysing how they affect the reasoning and decision-making of healthcare professionals. Therefore, a search was conducted for articles, documents and studies published between 2013 and 2023 on reasoning and decision-making in the clinical area, either research or review. The analysis of the reviewed studies showed that, for the most part, heuristics are part of the everyday life of healthcare staff, providing a quick and often effective method of solving everyday problems, although it was confirmed that heuristics can also lead to biases. On the other hand, some limitations were found, such as the fact that the results come from simulated situations and that the studies had an insufficient number of subjects to be able to extrapolate the data to the real population. Finally, this review has provided an opportunity to identify the most and least researched areas in relation to the topic of study, as well as the challenges and constraints that need to be addressed.
Direction
MARTIN RAJO, MONTSERRAT (Tutorships)
MARTIN RAJO, MONTSERRAT (Tutorships)
Court
Vazquez Rodriguez, Maria Isabel (Chairman)
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Secretary)
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Member)
Vazquez Rodriguez, Maria Isabel (Chairman)
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Secretary)
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Member)
Intervention with homeless people who consume alcohol
Authorship
I.P.F.
Psychology
I.P.F.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Homelessness individuals are part of the most excluded group in society. When homelessness is prolonged, their vulnerability to substance abuse and the development of mental disorders increases exponentially. Additionally, access to care services is scarce, which perpetuates their situation. The services available in the community are often limited to providing basic survival resources (shelters and reception centers), which are necessary but insufficient as they overlook fundamental functions such as individualized and specific care for each case. The objective of this systematic literature review is to delve into interventions aimed at homeless individuals to address alcohol abuse. The results show data on the impact of the interventions from each study and are presented in tables for ease of understanding. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of interventions in reducing the amount of alcohol, reducing alcohol-related harm, increasing housing stability or improving quality of life, among others. Consequently, it is concluded that in the intervention for homeless people who consume alcohol, working from a harm reduction approach, stable housing and integrated services can produce positive results. Additionally, implementing these intervention strategies can reduce the disproportionate burden of health care and emergency services faced by homeless individuals
Homelessness individuals are part of the most excluded group in society. When homelessness is prolonged, their vulnerability to substance abuse and the development of mental disorders increases exponentially. Additionally, access to care services is scarce, which perpetuates their situation. The services available in the community are often limited to providing basic survival resources (shelters and reception centers), which are necessary but insufficient as they overlook fundamental functions such as individualized and specific care for each case. The objective of this systematic literature review is to delve into interventions aimed at homeless individuals to address alcohol abuse. The results show data on the impact of the interventions from each study and are presented in tables for ease of understanding. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of interventions in reducing the amount of alcohol, reducing alcohol-related harm, increasing housing stability or improving quality of life, among others. Consequently, it is concluded that in the intervention for homeless people who consume alcohol, working from a harm reduction approach, stable housing and integrated services can produce positive results. Additionally, implementing these intervention strategies can reduce the disproportionate burden of health care and emergency services faced by homeless individuals
Direction
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Tutorships)
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Tutorships)
Court
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Chairman)
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Secretary)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Member)
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Chairman)
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Secretary)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Member)
Universal prevention of internalizing problems in the school environment: a bibliographic review.
Authorship
I.C.G.
Psychology
I.C.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
The presence of psychopathological problems in the child and adolescent population has increased in recent years, positioning Spain as the European country with the highest prevalence rate. Internalizing problems experienced during childhood not only affect different areas at this stage, but also frequently lead to negative consequences in adolescence and adulthood. In recent decades, universal preventive programs that act on students´ emotional difficulties have been introduced into the school environment. Thus, the aim of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of those programs both in the short and long term, as well as to determine which are the components that distinguish some interventions from others. In order to do that, a systematic review of 14 articles selected in the PsycINFO, Scopus and Web Of Science databases has been realized. These articles describe the effects found in children between 3 and 12 years old belonging to different countries around the world, after their participation in a school program. The analysis of the results showed that there are currently effective school-based preventive interventions. However, while evidence supports the impact of the program immediately after its implementation, results regarding maintenance over time are still inconsistent. The review of the studies has also led to establish that one of the components that predicts the effectiveness of the program is the quality of the implementation process. In summary, the findings in this field support the usefulness of universal prevention programs that act on internalizing problems and the need for future research to address current limitations in the school environment.
The presence of psychopathological problems in the child and adolescent population has increased in recent years, positioning Spain as the European country with the highest prevalence rate. Internalizing problems experienced during childhood not only affect different areas at this stage, but also frequently lead to negative consequences in adolescence and adulthood. In recent decades, universal preventive programs that act on students´ emotional difficulties have been introduced into the school environment. Thus, the aim of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of those programs both in the short and long term, as well as to determine which are the components that distinguish some interventions from others. In order to do that, a systematic review of 14 articles selected in the PsycINFO, Scopus and Web Of Science databases has been realized. These articles describe the effects found in children between 3 and 12 years old belonging to different countries around the world, after their participation in a school program. The analysis of the results showed that there are currently effective school-based preventive interventions. However, while evidence supports the impact of the program immediately after its implementation, results regarding maintenance over time are still inconsistent. The review of the studies has also led to establish that one of the components that predicts the effectiveness of the program is the quality of the implementation process. In summary, the findings in this field support the usefulness of universal prevention programs that act on internalizing problems and the need for future research to address current limitations in the school environment.
Direction
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Tutorships)
PIÑEIRO DOSIL, SARA (Co-tutorships)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Tutorships)
PIÑEIRO DOSIL, SARA (Co-tutorships)
Court
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Chairman)
SANTIAGO MARIÑO, MARIA JOSE (Secretary)
Rodríguez Salgado, Dolores (Member)
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Chairman)
SANTIAGO MARIÑO, MARIA JOSE (Secretary)
Rodríguez Salgado, Dolores (Member)
Parenting styles and substance use in adolescence
Authorship
A.C.C.
Psychology
A.C.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 12:00
07.15.2024 12:00
Summary
Drug use and abuse among adolescents is a serious public health issue with important implications on physical, social and emotional development of youth. Among the factors that explain this phenomenon, many studies have pointed how parenting styles play a major role on the development of these risk behaviors. The present study aimed to analyze the existing scientific evidence about the role parenting styles play on adolescence substance use. For that matter, a systematic search of current empirical research was conducted in the main electronic databases. A significant relationship was found between both variables, observing that while the democratic style always exerts a protective effect, the indulgent and authoritarian styles present disparate effects on socialization depending on the cultural context. Given the cross-sectional nature of most studies, as well as the inherent limitations of adolescent self-reporting, future longitudinal research that considers other sources of information as well as the effects of gender and culture is critical. In conclusion, knowing how parenting styles influence adolescent consumption will allow the design of effective interventions to prevent its occurrence.
Drug use and abuse among adolescents is a serious public health issue with important implications on physical, social and emotional development of youth. Among the factors that explain this phenomenon, many studies have pointed how parenting styles play a major role on the development of these risk behaviors. The present study aimed to analyze the existing scientific evidence about the role parenting styles play on adolescence substance use. For that matter, a systematic search of current empirical research was conducted in the main electronic databases. A significant relationship was found between both variables, observing that while the democratic style always exerts a protective effect, the indulgent and authoritarian styles present disparate effects on socialization depending on the cultural context. Given the cross-sectional nature of most studies, as well as the inherent limitations of adolescent self-reporting, future longitudinal research that considers other sources of information as well as the effects of gender and culture is critical. In conclusion, knowing how parenting styles influence adolescent consumption will allow the design of effective interventions to prevent its occurrence.
Direction
Páramo Fernández, María Fernanda (Tutorships)
Páramo Fernández, María Fernanda (Tutorships)
Court
Páramo Fernández, María Fernanda (Student’s tutor)
Páramo Fernández, María Fernanda (Student’s tutor)
Predictive capability of self-talk strategies self-talk strategies self-efficacy and generation of external attributions on academic performance academic performance during adolescence.
Authorship
L.P.A.
Psychology
L.P.A.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 11:30
07.15.2024 11:30
Summary
Previous research indicates that self-regulation skills act as key facilitators of academic performance during adolescence, a critical stage full of changes. In this sense, the most recent models of self-regulated learning place the regulation of the affective-motivational facet in a central position. However, this is an emerging line of research for which a large amount of evidence is not yet available. In line with these premises, the present work sought to explore the predictive capacity of two motivational regulation strategies (self-efficacy self-talk and the generation of external attributions). Likewise, the potential influence of sociodemographic variables (sex and age) was considered. The results partially confirmed the proposed hypotheses. Specifically, it was found that self-efficacy self-talk positively predicts academic performance, while the generation of external attributions acts as a negative predictor. Furthermore, it was observed that women obtain higher performance scores than men and that the use of these motivational self-regulation strategies decreases with age. These findings suggest that different motivational strategies have a differential impact on performance, allowing for a distinction between those located at the intrinsic end of self- regulation styles (i.e., self-efficacy self-talk) and those of an extrinsic nature (i.e., generation of external attributions). Future lines of research should explore the possible mechanisms underlying these effects.
Previous research indicates that self-regulation skills act as key facilitators of academic performance during adolescence, a critical stage full of changes. In this sense, the most recent models of self-regulated learning place the regulation of the affective-motivational facet in a central position. However, this is an emerging line of research for which a large amount of evidence is not yet available. In line with these premises, the present work sought to explore the predictive capacity of two motivational regulation strategies (self-efficacy self-talk and the generation of external attributions). Likewise, the potential influence of sociodemographic variables (sex and age) was considered. The results partially confirmed the proposed hypotheses. Specifically, it was found that self-efficacy self-talk positively predicts academic performance, while the generation of external attributions acts as a negative predictor. Furthermore, it was observed that women obtain higher performance scores than men and that the use of these motivational self-regulation strategies decreases with age. These findings suggest that different motivational strategies have a differential impact on performance, allowing for a distinction between those located at the intrinsic end of self- regulation styles (i.e., self-efficacy self-talk) and those of an extrinsic nature (i.e., generation of external attributions). Future lines of research should explore the possible mechanisms underlying these effects.
Direction
VILLAR GARCIA, EVA (Tutorships)
VILLAR GARCIA, EVA (Tutorships)
Court
VILLAR GARCIA, EVA (Student’s tutor)
VILLAR GARCIA, EVA (Student’s tutor)
Anomie's perception influence on political extremism
Authorship
D.M.B.
Psychology
D.M.B.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Political extremism’s long standing study tradition seems as relevant nowadays as it was back in it’s origins. With the aim to better understand it and to be able to intervene in its prevention and rehabilitation, predictor variables and psychosocial factor revolving its appearance and manifestation were attempted to identify. The present study investigates the predictive value of anomie perception on political extremism and support for antidemocratic practices in a Spanish sample. We carried out a randomized controlled trial with four groups (high social fabric breakdown, high leadership breakdown, global anomie and control) where anomie was manipulated via texts written under the tradition of framing. We expected groups exposed to anomie conditions to show higher scores in extremism and antidemocratic practices. Descriptive, correlation and variance analysis were carried out, resulting in a significant positive correlation between anomie perception and political extremism, and a greater support for antidemocratic practices from the high leadership breakdown group as opposed to the high leadership breakdown one. However, the manipulation was ineffective, suggesting the difficulty of modifying the perception of anomie using a single message. In addition, suggestions for future research and the practical implications of the results obtained are presented.
Political extremism’s long standing study tradition seems as relevant nowadays as it was back in it’s origins. With the aim to better understand it and to be able to intervene in its prevention and rehabilitation, predictor variables and psychosocial factor revolving its appearance and manifestation were attempted to identify. The present study investigates the predictive value of anomie perception on political extremism and support for antidemocratic practices in a Spanish sample. We carried out a randomized controlled trial with four groups (high social fabric breakdown, high leadership breakdown, global anomie and control) where anomie was manipulated via texts written under the tradition of framing. We expected groups exposed to anomie conditions to show higher scores in extremism and antidemocratic practices. Descriptive, correlation and variance analysis were carried out, resulting in a significant positive correlation between anomie perception and political extremism, and a greater support for antidemocratic practices from the high leadership breakdown group as opposed to the high leadership breakdown one. However, the manipulation was ineffective, suggesting the difficulty of modifying the perception of anomie using a single message. In addition, suggestions for future research and the practical implications of the results obtained are presented.
Direction
DONO MARTIN, MARCOS (Tutorships)
DONO MARTIN, MARCOS (Tutorships)
Court
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Chairman)
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Secretary)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Member)
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Chairman)
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Secretary)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Member)
Bilingual Advantage on Inhibitory Control
Authorship
C.M.G.
Psychology
C.M.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 12:30
07.15.2024 12:30
Summary
Bilingualism is nowadays important for the world population, so it is of interest to know what this linguistic experience means in the development of the mind, bilingualism is also a factor that benefits the capacity of inhibitory control throughout life. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between bilingualism and the possible bilingual advantage in inhibitory control by consulting research using different modalities of the Stroop task as a paradigm. We conducted a systematic search for research andreviews on this issue in the reference bibliographic bases, their results have been refined to form the academic corpus on the issue, consisting of eleven articles published between 2000-2024. These investigations demonstrate that inhibitory control mechanisms are shared by all bilinguals in the experiments, in contrast to those of monolinguals. A clear bilingual advantage was observed in older individuals, as opposed to monolinguals, and it was concluded that this advantage is furthermore influenced by several factors. The following were identified as modulators of the bilingual advantage: L2 proficiency, frequency of use, and time spent in an L2 environment. Ultimately, the practice of bilingualism could be beneficial in mitigating age-related decline in inhibitory control ability in the case of older adults. In the child sector, a family environment where each parent speaks a different language is found to be positive for the development of the bilingual advantage. It is concluded that, although the bilingual advantage in inhibitory control is strong, it is modulated by multiple factors.
Bilingualism is nowadays important for the world population, so it is of interest to know what this linguistic experience means in the development of the mind, bilingualism is also a factor that benefits the capacity of inhibitory control throughout life. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between bilingualism and the possible bilingual advantage in inhibitory control by consulting research using different modalities of the Stroop task as a paradigm. We conducted a systematic search for research andreviews on this issue in the reference bibliographic bases, their results have been refined to form the academic corpus on the issue, consisting of eleven articles published between 2000-2024. These investigations demonstrate that inhibitory control mechanisms are shared by all bilinguals in the experiments, in contrast to those of monolinguals. A clear bilingual advantage was observed in older individuals, as opposed to monolinguals, and it was concluded that this advantage is furthermore influenced by several factors. The following were identified as modulators of the bilingual advantage: L2 proficiency, frequency of use, and time spent in an L2 environment. Ultimately, the practice of bilingualism could be beneficial in mitigating age-related decline in inhibitory control ability in the case of older adults. In the child sector, a family environment where each parent speaks a different language is found to be positive for the development of the bilingual advantage. It is concluded that, although the bilingual advantage in inhibitory control is strong, it is modulated by multiple factors.
Direction
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Tutorships)
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Tutorships)
Court
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Student’s tutor)
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Student’s tutor)
Aging and inhibition: A review of event-related potential studies with Go/NoGo tasks.
Authorship
N.Z.M.
Psychology
N.Z.M.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:30
07.15.2024 10:30
Summary
With the aim to evaluate the effect of aging on brain activity associated with inhibition, some studies use the event-related potentials (ERP) technique. In the present work, a review of eleven ERP studies, published in the last fifteen years, was made; the studies evaluated the effect of aging on brain electrical activity recorded during Go/NoGo tasks. The main aim was to know the changes associated with aging on the performance and the ERPs recorded in response to stimuli that require response (N2-Go and P3-Go components) and to stimuli that require response inhibition (N2-NoGo and P3-NoGo components). All studies observed longer reaction time (RT) in older adults than middle-aged or young adults. However, results were discrepant for the hit and miss rates; in several studies, older adults showed worse performance, but in others, no significant age-related differences were found. The results for the latencies of N2-Go, P3-Go and N2-NoGo and the amplitudes of N2-Go and P3-Go were discrepant. However, most studies observed that: (1) the N2-NoGo amplitude was smaller and the P3-NoGo latency was longer in older adults compared to young adults, wich was associated with a inhibition decline in older adults, and (2) the P3-NoGo amplitude was larger in older adults than in the young, wich was considered as a reflection of a compensatory mechanism in older adults to maintain optimal task performance.
With the aim to evaluate the effect of aging on brain activity associated with inhibition, some studies use the event-related potentials (ERP) technique. In the present work, a review of eleven ERP studies, published in the last fifteen years, was made; the studies evaluated the effect of aging on brain electrical activity recorded during Go/NoGo tasks. The main aim was to know the changes associated with aging on the performance and the ERPs recorded in response to stimuli that require response (N2-Go and P3-Go components) and to stimuli that require response inhibition (N2-NoGo and P3-NoGo components). All studies observed longer reaction time (RT) in older adults than middle-aged or young adults. However, results were discrepant for the hit and miss rates; in several studies, older adults showed worse performance, but in others, no significant age-related differences were found. The results for the latencies of N2-Go, P3-Go and N2-NoGo and the amplitudes of N2-Go and P3-Go were discrepant. However, most studies observed that: (1) the N2-NoGo amplitude was smaller and the P3-NoGo latency was longer in older adults compared to young adults, wich was associated with a inhibition decline in older adults, and (2) the P3-NoGo amplitude was larger in older adults than in the young, wich was considered as a reflection of a compensatory mechanism in older adults to maintain optimal task performance.
Direction
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Tutorships)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Tutorships)
Court
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Student’s tutor)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Student’s tutor)
Assessment of anxiety in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review of assessment instruments
Authorship
A.P.B.
Psychology
A.P.B.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment often suffer from other types of comorbidities such as anxiety disorders. However, this pathology is not always diagnosed. The objective of this study is to know the instruments that are used to evaluate anxiety in hemodialysis patients, the cut-off points that were used and which of them have been validated for this population. A systematic search was carried out in the PsycInfo, Pubmed and Web Of Science databasses of studies which assess anxiety in adult patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. 148 studies were selected, of which 6 validated instruments that assessed anxiety, 8 used interviews to evaluate anxiety and 134 used questionnaires to evaluate this construct. The most used instrument was the HADS-A questionnaire with a cut-off point greater than or equal to 8. In conclusion, anxiety is a fundamental aspect to evaluate in hemodialysis patients. However, there is a great disparity in the selected instruments and their cut-off points. Furthermore, very few questionnaires are validated for this population.
Patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment often suffer from other types of comorbidities such as anxiety disorders. However, this pathology is not always diagnosed. The objective of this study is to know the instruments that are used to evaluate anxiety in hemodialysis patients, the cut-off points that were used and which of them have been validated for this population. A systematic search was carried out in the PsycInfo, Pubmed and Web Of Science databasses of studies which assess anxiety in adult patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. 148 studies were selected, of which 6 validated instruments that assessed anxiety, 8 used interviews to evaluate anxiety and 134 used questionnaires to evaluate this construct. The most used instrument was the HADS-A questionnaire with a cut-off point greater than or equal to 8. In conclusion, anxiety is a fundamental aspect to evaluate in hemodialysis patients. However, there is a great disparity in the selected instruments and their cut-off points. Furthermore, very few questionnaires are validated for this population.
Direction
Vazquez Rodriguez, Maria Isabel (Tutorships)
Vazquez Rodriguez, Maria Isabel (Tutorships)
Court
OTERO LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
JIMENEZ GARCIA, LUIS MIGUEL (Secretary)
REAL DEUS, JOSE EULOGIO (Member)
OTERO LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
JIMENEZ GARCIA, LUIS MIGUEL (Secretary)
REAL DEUS, JOSE EULOGIO (Member)
Neurofunctional differences between men and women when presented with visual sexual stimuli
Authorship
L.C.P.
Psychology
L.C.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Sexual arousal is a complex neurophysiological process involving numerous brain processes related to visual attention, evaluation, memory, interoception, and other somatosensory processes, among others. The sensory modality most commonly used in previous studies is visual, using stimuli in the form of images or videos, which is also one of the most utilized forms of consumption in non-experimental settings, such as pornography. However, there are many differences in how sexual arousal is expressed and perceived in men and women, and it is interesting to understand the neural correlates of this process. The present work aims to study, through a literature review, the differences in neural activation between men and women in response to visual sexual stimuli using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The reviewed studies employed the task of observing visual stimuli and evaluating the experienced arousal while participants underwent scanning. The areas that were activated in the different studies are mostly consistent, and their functions comprise a fundamental part of the study of visual sexual stimulation. Processes related to emotion, reward, interoception, somatosensory and attentional processes, memory, and the evaluation and processing of information are closely related to these areas. However, the explanation for these studies showing a more intense response in men could be influenced by greater attention to the stimuli or a higher reward motivation.
Sexual arousal is a complex neurophysiological process involving numerous brain processes related to visual attention, evaluation, memory, interoception, and other somatosensory processes, among others. The sensory modality most commonly used in previous studies is visual, using stimuli in the form of images or videos, which is also one of the most utilized forms of consumption in non-experimental settings, such as pornography. However, there are many differences in how sexual arousal is expressed and perceived in men and women, and it is interesting to understand the neural correlates of this process. The present work aims to study, through a literature review, the differences in neural activation between men and women in response to visual sexual stimuli using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The reviewed studies employed the task of observing visual stimuli and evaluating the experienced arousal while participants underwent scanning. The areas that were activated in the different studies are mostly consistent, and their functions comprise a fundamental part of the study of visual sexual stimulation. Processes related to emotion, reward, interoception, somatosensory and attentional processes, memory, and the evaluation and processing of information are closely related to these areas. However, the explanation for these studies showing a more intense response in men could be influenced by greater attention to the stimuli or a higher reward motivation.
Direction
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Tutorships)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Tutorships)
Court
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Chairman)
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Secretary)
BECOÑA IGLESIAS, ELISARDO (Member)
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Chairman)
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Secretary)
BECOÑA IGLESIAS, ELISARDO (Member)
Aging and working memory. A review of event-related potential studies with n-back task.
Authorship
C.M.R.
Psychology
C.M.R.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:00
07.15.2024 10:00
Summary
Ageing is associated with a decline in working memory (WM). In order to evaluate the effect of ageing on brain activity related to WM, some studies use the event-related potentials (ERP) technique. In this End of Degree Project , a review of 11 ERP studies, which evaluated the effects of ageing on the N2 and P3 components (related to, respectively, the evaluation and categorization of stimuli in WM), was made. The ERP components were recorded in response to the stimuli of n-back tasks, comparing healthy adults of different age (young, middle-aged, and older adults). The aims were to know: the characteristics of the studies, the changes related to ageing on the performance and the parameters (amplitude and latency) of N2 and P3, and the interpretation of the results. Older and middle-aged adults presented, compared to young adults, a longer reaction time (RT), regardless of the information load in WM. On the other hand, in the 2-back task, the number of correct responses was lower in old adults than in young adults; but, no significant differences were observed between old adults with high performance and young adults with low performance, and both groups showed a better performance than old adults with low performance. Ageing effects on N2 were discrepant. However, at parietal locations, the P3 amplitude was smaller and the latency was longer in older and middle-aged adults than in young adults. The longer latency was related to a delay in the stimuli categorization, and the smaller amplitude with a decay in the posterior neural generators of this component. Older adults, especially those with high performance, seem to recruit frontal resources as a compensatory mechanism to perform the task, showing a more anterior P3 distribution.
Ageing is associated with a decline in working memory (WM). In order to evaluate the effect of ageing on brain activity related to WM, some studies use the event-related potentials (ERP) technique. In this End of Degree Project , a review of 11 ERP studies, which evaluated the effects of ageing on the N2 and P3 components (related to, respectively, the evaluation and categorization of stimuli in WM), was made. The ERP components were recorded in response to the stimuli of n-back tasks, comparing healthy adults of different age (young, middle-aged, and older adults). The aims were to know: the characteristics of the studies, the changes related to ageing on the performance and the parameters (amplitude and latency) of N2 and P3, and the interpretation of the results. Older and middle-aged adults presented, compared to young adults, a longer reaction time (RT), regardless of the information load in WM. On the other hand, in the 2-back task, the number of correct responses was lower in old adults than in young adults; but, no significant differences were observed between old adults with high performance and young adults with low performance, and both groups showed a better performance than old adults with low performance. Ageing effects on N2 were discrepant. However, at parietal locations, the P3 amplitude was smaller and the latency was longer in older and middle-aged adults than in young adults. The longer latency was related to a delay in the stimuli categorization, and the smaller amplitude with a decay in the posterior neural generators of this component. Older adults, especially those with high performance, seem to recruit frontal resources as a compensatory mechanism to perform the task, showing a more anterior P3 distribution.
Direction
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Tutorships)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Tutorships)
Court
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Student’s tutor)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Student’s tutor)
Humor Therapies in the Treatment of Depression: A Literature Review
Authorship
A.V.R.
Psychology
A.V.R.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 11:30
07.08.2024 11:30
Summary
Depression is a mental disorder that, due to its prevalence in the population, encourages the search for new therapeutic processes to reduce its symptoms. Humor is a construct that elicits positive feelings to cope with adversities and helps improve emotional well-being. As such, it has been a subject of research by the scientific community, trying to determine its usefulness in dealing with various disorders. The main objective of this paper is to understand the effects of humor-based therapies (laughter therapy, humor training, etc.) on people with depressive symptoms. To this end, a systematic search was conducted on the platforms Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycInfo. Fifteen articles published between 2005 and 2024 were included in this review. Humor-based therapies managed to reduce depression scores in most studies. Additionally, further studies with larger and more diverse samples are recommended to confirm these results and explore the underlying mechanisms of their therapeutic effects.
Depression is a mental disorder that, due to its prevalence in the population, encourages the search for new therapeutic processes to reduce its symptoms. Humor is a construct that elicits positive feelings to cope with adversities and helps improve emotional well-being. As such, it has been a subject of research by the scientific community, trying to determine its usefulness in dealing with various disorders. The main objective of this paper is to understand the effects of humor-based therapies (laughter therapy, humor training, etc.) on people with depressive symptoms. To this end, a systematic search was conducted on the platforms Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycInfo. Fifteen articles published between 2005 and 2024 were included in this review. Humor-based therapies managed to reduce depression scores in most studies. Additionally, further studies with larger and more diverse samples are recommended to confirm these results and explore the underlying mechanisms of their therapeutic effects.
Direction
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Tutorships)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Tutorships)
Court
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Student’s tutor)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Student’s tutor)
Dificultades en el reconocimiento emocional en personas con la enfermedad de Parkinson
Authorship
S.G.D.
Psychology
S.G.D.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 13:30
07.15.2024 13:30
Summary
Parkinson's disease is a disease whose most notorious symptoms are motor symptoms. Throughout research, these symptoms have been studied and treated by several authors in depth, however, non-motor symptoms, cognitive, emotional, etc., seem to be in the background. The aim of this paper is to make a bibliographic comparison between the various studies to see if among the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease there is a deficit in the recognition of emotions. After presenting the results, it could be concluded that, although there are data that do not corroborate this, which may be due to the different methodologies used, emotional recognition is affected in people with Parkinson's disease.
Parkinson's disease is a disease whose most notorious symptoms are motor symptoms. Throughout research, these symptoms have been studied and treated by several authors in depth, however, non-motor symptoms, cognitive, emotional, etc., seem to be in the background. The aim of this paper is to make a bibliographic comparison between the various studies to see if among the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease there is a deficit in the recognition of emotions. After presenting the results, it could be concluded that, although there are data that do not corroborate this, which may be due to the different methodologies used, emotional recognition is affected in people with Parkinson's disease.
Direction
SUAREZ SUAREZ, SAMUEL (Tutorships)
SUAREZ SUAREZ, SAMUEL (Tutorships)
Court
SUAREZ SUAREZ, SAMUEL (Student’s tutor)
SUAREZ SUAREZ, SAMUEL (Student’s tutor)
Perception of the university population about sexual violence and consent
Authorship
M.M.P.
Psychology
M.M.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 11:00
07.15.2024 11:00
Summary
Sexual violence is an issue that is growing significantly. In this field, consent is of great importance, as is understanding how the university population perceives it. Therefore, the present study aims to understand the perception of a university sample regarding sexual violence, consent, and how they communicate it to their sexual partner. To this end, a study was conducted with a sample of 248 participants (195 women and 49 men), ranging in age from 18 to 36 years. The instruments used were the Internal and External Consent Scale (Jozkowski et al., 2014) and the Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression Scale (AMMSA, Gerger et al., 2007) to measure the acceptance of these myths. Additionally, there was a narrative response section, allowing for the analysis of other potential categories not covered in the quantitative part. The results show some discrepancy between the quantitative and qualitative data. In the quantitative data, the most identified internal consent factor is the fourth, Consent/Desire, and for external consent, the first, Direct Non-Verbal Behaviors. In the qualitative data, the most frequently reported internal consent factor was also Consent/Desire, and for external consent, the third, Communication/Initiating Behavior. Regarding the literature found, there are some similarities, especially in the qualitative information. Likewise, as it is a field with limited research, further investigation is necessary.
Sexual violence is an issue that is growing significantly. In this field, consent is of great importance, as is understanding how the university population perceives it. Therefore, the present study aims to understand the perception of a university sample regarding sexual violence, consent, and how they communicate it to their sexual partner. To this end, a study was conducted with a sample of 248 participants (195 women and 49 men), ranging in age from 18 to 36 years. The instruments used were the Internal and External Consent Scale (Jozkowski et al., 2014) and the Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression Scale (AMMSA, Gerger et al., 2007) to measure the acceptance of these myths. Additionally, there was a narrative response section, allowing for the analysis of other potential categories not covered in the quantitative part. The results show some discrepancy between the quantitative and qualitative data. In the quantitative data, the most identified internal consent factor is the fourth, Consent/Desire, and for external consent, the first, Direct Non-Verbal Behaviors. In the qualitative data, the most frequently reported internal consent factor was also Consent/Desire, and for external consent, the third, Communication/Initiating Behavior. Regarding the literature found, there are some similarities, especially in the qualitative information. Likewise, as it is a field with limited research, further investigation is necessary.
Direction
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Tutorships)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Tutorships)
Court
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Student’s tutor)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Student’s tutor)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
A.B.N.
Psychology
A.B.N.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 12:30
07.09.2024 12:30
Summary
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious and underreported problem in Spain, with only an estimated 5% to 10% of cases being reported. Literature has established that victims of child sexual abuse are at significant risk of experiencing a wide range of medical, psychological, behavioral, and sexual disorders. The aim of this work is to increase knowledge about CSA court cases in Spain by analyzing the characteristics of the victims and the accused, as well as the differences between cases based on the developmental stage of the minor, their relationship with the aggressor, and the type of abuse that occurred. Additionally, attention is given to the role played by psychological expert evidence in these trials. To this end, a study of 100 criminal sentences, issued between 2023 and 2024, was carried out. For the analyses, Chi-square and Student's t-tests were performed to study the relationship between different variables. The results show relationships between the victim's age and their relationship with the aggressor, the aggressor's age and the frequency of the episode, as well as between the latter and the type of abuse (with or without penetration). Additionally, the relevance of psychological expert evidence in convicting sentences is confirmed, and the importance of increasing protective measures for victims is concluded.
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious and underreported problem in Spain, with only an estimated 5% to 10% of cases being reported. Literature has established that victims of child sexual abuse are at significant risk of experiencing a wide range of medical, psychological, behavioral, and sexual disorders. The aim of this work is to increase knowledge about CSA court cases in Spain by analyzing the characteristics of the victims and the accused, as well as the differences between cases based on the developmental stage of the minor, their relationship with the aggressor, and the type of abuse that occurred. Additionally, attention is given to the role played by psychological expert evidence in these trials. To this end, a study of 100 criminal sentences, issued between 2023 and 2024, was carried out. For the analyses, Chi-square and Student's t-tests were performed to study the relationship between different variables. The results show relationships between the victim's age and their relationship with the aggressor, the aggressor's age and the frequency of the episode, as well as between the latter and the type of abuse (with or without penetration). Additionally, the relevance of psychological expert evidence in convicting sentences is confirmed, and the importance of increasing protective measures for victims is concluded.
Direction
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Tutorships)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Tutorships)
Court
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Chairman)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Secretary)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Member)
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Chairman)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Secretary)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Member)
Motivational Regulation and Academic Performance During Adolescence: The Role of Self-Talk Directed at Learning, Performance, and Avoidance Goals.
Authorship
A.S.D.
Psychology
A.S.D.
Psychology
Defense date
09.10.2024 11:30
09.10.2024 11:30
Summary
This study aimed to explore the predictive capacity of three motivational regulation strategies (i.e., self-talk directed at learning goals, performance goals, and avoidance goals), identifying which strategy is related to higher academic performance. Additionally, it seeks to identify the potential effects of sex and age in this area. To this end, a sample from the ARASAC study consisting of 464 secondary education students of both sexes was used, collecting information on self-regulated learning, sociodemographic information, and academic performance. Information was obtained using subscales of the Spanish version of the MRS and EEMA-VS, an ad hoc questionnaire, and the grades from the second evaluation period of the academic year, provided by the students' families. The study results concluded the existence of a positive and statistically significant relationship between the performance goals regulation strategy and academic performance, as well as a significant negative relationship between avoidance goals regulation and performance. In general, the effects of these variables on performance were greater for females than for males, reaching statistical significance.
This study aimed to explore the predictive capacity of three motivational regulation strategies (i.e., self-talk directed at learning goals, performance goals, and avoidance goals), identifying which strategy is related to higher academic performance. Additionally, it seeks to identify the potential effects of sex and age in this area. To this end, a sample from the ARASAC study consisting of 464 secondary education students of both sexes was used, collecting information on self-regulated learning, sociodemographic information, and academic performance. Information was obtained using subscales of the Spanish version of the MRS and EEMA-VS, an ad hoc questionnaire, and the grades from the second evaluation period of the academic year, provided by the students' families. The study results concluded the existence of a positive and statistically significant relationship between the performance goals regulation strategy and academic performance, as well as a significant negative relationship between avoidance goals regulation and performance. In general, the effects of these variables on performance were greater for females than for males, reaching statistical significance.
Direction
VILLAR GARCIA, EVA (Tutorships)
VILLAR GARCIA, EVA (Tutorships)
Court
VILLAR GARCIA, EVA (Student’s tutor)
VILLAR GARCIA, EVA (Student’s tutor)
Informal peer leadership in sports teams.
Authorship
C.G.C.
Psychology
C.G.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 11:30
07.08.2024 11:30
Summary
This final degree project consists of a literature review on informal peer leadership. Leadership itself is a subject of high relevance in both general psychology and sports psychology. The different sections of this research will focus on informal leadership, meaning leadership that arises spontaneously and does not adhere to a hierarchical power structure, specifically among peers, i.e., among teammates in a sports team. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the importance of such informal peer leaders concerning their relationship with informal leadership (captaincy) and based on the leadership model of leader orientations. In this regard, the four leader orientations are considered: task, social, motivational, and external, and their significance within sports performance is analyzed. Reference is also made to what is known as shared leadership, advocating that leadership be distributed among the different team members, with each individual possibly fulfilling several leadership roles simultaneously. Additionally, variables influencing the effectiveness of leadership are analyzed, including those limited to the sports domain, such as player position on the field, and those related to more personal characteristics such as extraversion and motivation. Thus, the following lines summarize the results of the research on informal peer leadership with the aim of emphasizing its importance for optimal sports performance and highlighting the pressing need for its study to be the focus of future research.
This final degree project consists of a literature review on informal peer leadership. Leadership itself is a subject of high relevance in both general psychology and sports psychology. The different sections of this research will focus on informal leadership, meaning leadership that arises spontaneously and does not adhere to a hierarchical power structure, specifically among peers, i.e., among teammates in a sports team. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the importance of such informal peer leaders concerning their relationship with informal leadership (captaincy) and based on the leadership model of leader orientations. In this regard, the four leader orientations are considered: task, social, motivational, and external, and their significance within sports performance is analyzed. Reference is also made to what is known as shared leadership, advocating that leadership be distributed among the different team members, with each individual possibly fulfilling several leadership roles simultaneously. Additionally, variables influencing the effectiveness of leadership are analyzed, including those limited to the sports domain, such as player position on the field, and those related to more personal characteristics such as extraversion and motivation. Thus, the following lines summarize the results of the research on informal peer leadership with the aim of emphasizing its importance for optimal sports performance and highlighting the pressing need for its study to be the focus of future research.
Direction
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Tutorships)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Tutorships)
Court
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Student’s tutor)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Student’s tutor)
The actual study of Consciousness in Cognitive Neuroscience
Authorship
L.E.B.Y.
Psychology
L.E.B.Y.
Psychology
Defense date
02.26.2024 12:30
02.26.2024 12:30
Summary
The study of consciousness has made notable progress in recent years, but it still poses difficulties. This work was born with the purpose of knowing the general situation of the field of study of consciousness from the perspective of Cognitive Neuroscience. To do this, first a classification of consciousness is developed and common confusions in its terminology are addressed. The most discussed theories in the aspect of the contents of consciousness are analyzed, with the intention of finding out possible irregularities or biases in the current theoretical situation. The experimental situation is discussed below, comparatively analyzing findings made in recent years in the aspect of contents. Regarding neural bases, there is no unanimous agreement, in part because there are many subtypes of consciousness (i.e. minimal, extended, corporal and metaconsciousness) that offer different results. The default mode network (DMN) -a resting state network closely related to mind wandering- and the parietal cortex appear to be implicated in consciousness, as well as posterior regions of the prefrontal cortex to a lesser extent. Regarding neural correlates, the C microstate of EEG activity at rest and during a memory task, as well as the iMRF activation of certain regions of the DMN are two candidates, but many others have been proposed. Finally, it is essential to relate the theoretical and empirical scene, looking for how contrasted the hypotheses of some theories are and to what type of experiments certain approaches on consciousness lead.
The study of consciousness has made notable progress in recent years, but it still poses difficulties. This work was born with the purpose of knowing the general situation of the field of study of consciousness from the perspective of Cognitive Neuroscience. To do this, first a classification of consciousness is developed and common confusions in its terminology are addressed. The most discussed theories in the aspect of the contents of consciousness are analyzed, with the intention of finding out possible irregularities or biases in the current theoretical situation. The experimental situation is discussed below, comparatively analyzing findings made in recent years in the aspect of contents. Regarding neural bases, there is no unanimous agreement, in part because there are many subtypes of consciousness (i.e. minimal, extended, corporal and metaconsciousness) that offer different results. The default mode network (DMN) -a resting state network closely related to mind wandering- and the parietal cortex appear to be implicated in consciousness, as well as posterior regions of the prefrontal cortex to a lesser extent. Regarding neural correlates, the C microstate of EEG activity at rest and during a memory task, as well as the iMRF activation of certain regions of the DMN are two candidates, but many others have been proposed. Finally, it is essential to relate the theoretical and empirical scene, looking for how contrasted the hypotheses of some theories are and to what type of experiments certain approaches on consciousness lead.
Direction
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Tutorships)
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Tutorships)
Court
GOMEZ FRAGUELA, Xosé Antón (Chairman)
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Secretary)
Gómez Roman, Cristina (Member)
GOMEZ FRAGUELA, Xosé Antón (Chairman)
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Secretary)
Gómez Roman, Cristina (Member)
Trauma film paradigm
Authorship
C.V.P.
Psychology
C.V.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 12:30
07.08.2024 12:30
Summary
Intrusive memories are recurrent sensory-perceptive impressions that are experienced involuntarily, and can cause high levels of distress in those who suffer them. Much of the research on these intrusions focuses on intervention, but it is crucial to address this issue from a prevention perspective. Therefore, the traumatic film paradigm is used for its research. This paradigm consists of the presentation of films with a traumatic content, generating symptoms analogous to those that would arise in a real traumatic experience. These scenes are used to evaluate peri- and post-traumatic processes and how they affect the later number of intrusive memories. In the search carried out 96 objects have been found, but only 12 of them were useful for the realization of the work. The results showed that the most effective variable to modulate the frequency and intensity of intrusions has been the superior cognitive processes, compared to social, physiological factors or the performance of visual-spatial tasks. Finally, it is recommended that in future investigations consider the diversity of the sample in terms of age range and culture, the time of recording intrusions, and ethical aspects, in addition to increasing the field of research to new study factors.
Intrusive memories are recurrent sensory-perceptive impressions that are experienced involuntarily, and can cause high levels of distress in those who suffer them. Much of the research on these intrusions focuses on intervention, but it is crucial to address this issue from a prevention perspective. Therefore, the traumatic film paradigm is used for its research. This paradigm consists of the presentation of films with a traumatic content, generating symptoms analogous to those that would arise in a real traumatic experience. These scenes are used to evaluate peri- and post-traumatic processes and how they affect the later number of intrusive memories. In the search carried out 96 objects have been found, but only 12 of them were useful for the realization of the work. The results showed that the most effective variable to modulate the frequency and intensity of intrusions has been the superior cognitive processes, compared to social, physiological factors or the performance of visual-spatial tasks. Finally, it is recommended that in future investigations consider the diversity of the sample in terms of age range and culture, the time of recording intrusions, and ethical aspects, in addition to increasing the field of research to new study factors.
Direction
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Tutorships)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Tutorships)
Court
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Student’s tutor)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Student’s tutor)
The phylogenetic character of the conditioned fear response in humans
Authorship
C.L.P.
Psychology
C.L.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 12:30
07.15.2024 12:30
Summary
Since Seligman proposed in 1971 that phobias could be examples of prepared fear conditioning, many studies have focused on the possible existence and characteristics of fear- relevant stimuli and their phylogenetic or ontogenetic origin. Such fear-relevant stimuli, characterized by selectivity, resistance to extinction, irrationality, and susceptibility to single- trial learning, could have their origin in human interaction with their specific context or could imply that we are biologically prepared to learn fear responses to a limited set of objects and situations. This bibliographic review tried to find out what different studies had determined about the phylogenetic character of the conditioned fear response in humans. The first studies' conclusions led to confirm Seligman's proposal, but later and more recent studies are not so unanimous. In the experiments reviewed, spiders and snakes used as stimuli always elicited a differential response, which seems to support the hypothesis of an evolutionary fear response. However, guns, obviously ontogenetic stimuli, have elicited, in situations of high arousal and when pointed at the subject, greater fear responses, which raises the possibility that the relevant fear stimuli are not, at least only, phylogenetic.
Since Seligman proposed in 1971 that phobias could be examples of prepared fear conditioning, many studies have focused on the possible existence and characteristics of fear- relevant stimuli and their phylogenetic or ontogenetic origin. Such fear-relevant stimuli, characterized by selectivity, resistance to extinction, irrationality, and susceptibility to single- trial learning, could have their origin in human interaction with their specific context or could imply that we are biologically prepared to learn fear responses to a limited set of objects and situations. This bibliographic review tried to find out what different studies had determined about the phylogenetic character of the conditioned fear response in humans. The first studies' conclusions led to confirm Seligman's proposal, but later and more recent studies are not so unanimous. In the experiments reviewed, spiders and snakes used as stimuli always elicited a differential response, which seems to support the hypothesis of an evolutionary fear response. However, guns, obviously ontogenetic stimuli, have elicited, in situations of high arousal and when pointed at the subject, greater fear responses, which raises the possibility that the relevant fear stimuli are not, at least only, phylogenetic.
Direction
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Tutorships)
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Tutorships)
Court
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Student’s tutor)
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Student’s tutor)
Social media and anorexia in adolescents
Authorship
M.N.R.
Psychology
M.N.R.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Anorexia nervosa is one of the most serious eating disorders, especially prevalent among adolescents, and its relationship with the use of social networks has attracted attention in recent years. The main objective of this work is to analyze the relationship between social networks and anorexia nervosa in adolescents. For this purpose, a systematic review of the publications available in the PsycInfo and Pubmed databases between 2014 and 2023 was carried out, finally selecting a total of 22 articles. The results indicate that exposure to content related to thinness and the idealization of unrealistic bodies in social networks may contribute significantly to the development of anorexia nervosa. In addition, individual variables such as low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and internalization of unrealistic beauty ideals were identified as prominent risk factors. At the social level, peer pressure and the need for approval in social networks play an important role. In conclusion, the analysis of the relationship between adolescent anorexia nervosa and the use of social networks emphasizes the importance of researching and promoting prevention and intervention strategies that address the issue.
Anorexia nervosa is one of the most serious eating disorders, especially prevalent among adolescents, and its relationship with the use of social networks has attracted attention in recent years. The main objective of this work is to analyze the relationship between social networks and anorexia nervosa in adolescents. For this purpose, a systematic review of the publications available in the PsycInfo and Pubmed databases between 2014 and 2023 was carried out, finally selecting a total of 22 articles. The results indicate that exposure to content related to thinness and the idealization of unrealistic bodies in social networks may contribute significantly to the development of anorexia nervosa. In addition, individual variables such as low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and internalization of unrealistic beauty ideals were identified as prominent risk factors. At the social level, peer pressure and the need for approval in social networks play an important role. In conclusion, the analysis of the relationship between adolescent anorexia nervosa and the use of social networks emphasizes the importance of researching and promoting prevention and intervention strategies that address the issue.
Direction
López Durán, Ana (Tutorships)
López Durán, Ana (Tutorships)
Court
OTERO LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
JIMENEZ GARCIA, LUIS MIGUEL (Secretary)
REAL DEUS, JOSE EULOGIO (Member)
OTERO LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
JIMENEZ GARCIA, LUIS MIGUEL (Secretary)
REAL DEUS, JOSE EULOGIO (Member)
Bouba-Kiki effect: more than shapes.
Authorship
H.F.M.
Psychology
H.F.M.
Psychology
Defense date
02.15.2024 12:00
02.15.2024 12:00
Summary
The Bouba-Kiki effect is a phenomenon that reveals a significant association between sounds and visual shapes, supported by biological foundations and linked to non-arbitrary associations influenced by phonetic and physical characteristics. This work wants to provide a theoretical approach to the Bouba-Kiki effect, as well as some of the domains in which it manifests. To accomplish this, a literature review has been conducted, extracting information from research that has utilized advanced neuroimaging techniques and non-invasive procedures to identify key brain regions that play a crucial role in language processing and conceptual representation. Furthermore, evidence has been found that the Bouba-Kiki effect is related to the association between names and human faces, as studies have shown that we associate physical characteristics with names that are congruent with those characteristics. These findings have important implications in areas such as social judgments, personality, and advertising. Additionally, the role of lip position is also relevant in the Bouba-Kiki effect, as studies have demonstrated that the way we pronounce certain sounds influences our associations between visual shapes and words. Taken together, these discoveries demonstrate that the Bouba-Kiki effect contributes to our understanding of multisensory processing and the interaction between language and visual perception. These new perspectives in the fields of psychology and neuroscience offer fertile ground for future research and practical applications.
The Bouba-Kiki effect is a phenomenon that reveals a significant association between sounds and visual shapes, supported by biological foundations and linked to non-arbitrary associations influenced by phonetic and physical characteristics. This work wants to provide a theoretical approach to the Bouba-Kiki effect, as well as some of the domains in which it manifests. To accomplish this, a literature review has been conducted, extracting information from research that has utilized advanced neuroimaging techniques and non-invasive procedures to identify key brain regions that play a crucial role in language processing and conceptual representation. Furthermore, evidence has been found that the Bouba-Kiki effect is related to the association between names and human faces, as studies have shown that we associate physical characteristics with names that are congruent with those characteristics. These findings have important implications in areas such as social judgments, personality, and advertising. Additionally, the role of lip position is also relevant in the Bouba-Kiki effect, as studies have demonstrated that the way we pronounce certain sounds influences our associations between visual shapes and words. Taken together, these discoveries demonstrate that the Bouba-Kiki effect contributes to our understanding of multisensory processing and the interaction between language and visual perception. These new perspectives in the fields of psychology and neuroscience offer fertile ground for future research and practical applications.
Direction
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Tutorships)
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Student’s tutor)
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Student’s tutor)
The impact of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on cognitive processes in patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Authorship
A.F.R.
Psychology
A.F.R.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 13:00
07.08.2024 13:00
Summary
In the last decades, there has been an increased incidence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in the population. The main symptom of this disease is memory-related problems, as well as deficits in other cognitive abilities. This reality highlights the importance of exploring treatments that can offer some benefits even in the prodromal stages of the disease, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The objective of this literature review is to study the impact of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on cognitive processes in patients with AD. Various studies are analyzed that explore how the frequency and duration of tACS affect specific cognitive functions according to the direction of stimulation to different brain areas. Additionally, neuropathological correlates associated with stimulation in these specific brain areas are examined. The findings suggest that tACS improves performance in cognitive functions, especially in memory, although variability in stimulation protocols and evaluation methods makes it difficult to compare results. Despite the limitations, the reviewed studies suggest that tACS could be a promising tool in the treatment of AD by modulating neuronal activity and improving functional connectivity in areas involved in the pathology of these diseases, although additional studies are required to confirm its long-term efficacy and durability.
In the last decades, there has been an increased incidence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in the population. The main symptom of this disease is memory-related problems, as well as deficits in other cognitive abilities. This reality highlights the importance of exploring treatments that can offer some benefits even in the prodromal stages of the disease, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The objective of this literature review is to study the impact of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on cognitive processes in patients with AD. Various studies are analyzed that explore how the frequency and duration of tACS affect specific cognitive functions according to the direction of stimulation to different brain areas. Additionally, neuropathological correlates associated with stimulation in these specific brain areas are examined. The findings suggest that tACS improves performance in cognitive functions, especially in memory, although variability in stimulation protocols and evaluation methods makes it difficult to compare results. Despite the limitations, the reviewed studies suggest that tACS could be a promising tool in the treatment of AD by modulating neuronal activity and improving functional connectivity in areas involved in the pathology of these diseases, although additional studies are required to confirm its long-term efficacy and durability.
Direction
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Tutorships)
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Tutorships)
Court
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Student’s tutor)
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Student’s tutor)
Applications of the emotional Stroop task in the study of worry about pain.
Authorship
A.C.I.
Psychology
A.C.I.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:30
07.15.2024 10:30
Summary
The Stroop task consists in indicating the color of the ink in which a series of words are written as fast as possible. The difficulty appear when the stimuli are conflicting, when the process of reading the word and naming the color are incongruent. The result is increased cognitive effort, which lengthens the reaction time, known as the Stroop effect. The task has numerous applications, but in this case it is used in the study of pain, specifically, in patients with chronic pain. For this reason, an emotional Stroop task is used, in which, instead of the written words being colors, they are words with an affective connotation, related to what is intended to be investigated. The objective of the present work is checking whether the worry about pain influences the performance of the Stroop task, producing an attentional bias. For the preparation of the study, a bibliographic review of the literature was carried out and ten articles were included that use emotional Stroop in patients with chronic pain. Refering to the results, 70% of the studies included in the work found an attentional bias in people suffering from chronic pain, unlike healthy people: this biases could be of facilitation, that is to respond quickly to stimuli related to pain; as well as interference, take longer to respond to these stimuli.
The Stroop task consists in indicating the color of the ink in which a series of words are written as fast as possible. The difficulty appear when the stimuli are conflicting, when the process of reading the word and naming the color are incongruent. The result is increased cognitive effort, which lengthens the reaction time, known as the Stroop effect. The task has numerous applications, but in this case it is used in the study of pain, specifically, in patients with chronic pain. For this reason, an emotional Stroop task is used, in which, instead of the written words being colors, they are words with an affective connotation, related to what is intended to be investigated. The objective of the present work is checking whether the worry about pain influences the performance of the Stroop task, producing an attentional bias. For the preparation of the study, a bibliographic review of the literature was carried out and ten articles were included that use emotional Stroop in patients with chronic pain. Refering to the results, 70% of the studies included in the work found an attentional bias in people suffering from chronic pain, unlike healthy people: this biases could be of facilitation, that is to respond quickly to stimuli related to pain; as well as interference, take longer to respond to these stimuli.
Direction
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Tutorships)
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Tutorships)
Court
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
DONO MARTIN, MARCOS (Member)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
DONO MARTIN, MARCOS (Member)
Forgiveness from the perspective of the aggressor and psychological distress
Authorship
S.L.S.
Psychology
S.L.S.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 12:30
07.08.2024 12:30
Summary
Imprisonment can have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of incarcerated individuals. In this regard, recent studies support that forgiveness can have beneficial effects on mental health and psychological well-being, especially in the prison population. Within this framework, the aim of the present research is to examine the forgiveness process and psychological distress in a sample of incarcerated individuals. A sample of 33 inmates (87.9% men and 12.1% women) from the Bonxe Penitentiary Center (Lugo) completed the measurement instruments. Two ad hoc tests were used to gather information on sociodemographic characteristics, treatment history, and criminal background, as well as to assess perception of forgiveness and self-forgiveness. Additionally, the Spanish version of the GHQ-12 scale was administered to measure psychological distress. Results showed that 93.9% had caused harm to someone. However, only 70.4% believed that the harm caused to the victim or victims could be repaired. Regarding forgiveness, 39.4% considered the forgiveness process to be very important. In terms of psychological distress, low and moderate values were obtained, and the feeling of not experiencing happiness was the most reported. Considering the limitations of our study, the results are discussed, and future lines of research are proposed that highlight the importance of forgiveness and self-forgiveness in the prison population with the focus on Therapeutic Justice.
Imprisonment can have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of incarcerated individuals. In this regard, recent studies support that forgiveness can have beneficial effects on mental health and psychological well-being, especially in the prison population. Within this framework, the aim of the present research is to examine the forgiveness process and psychological distress in a sample of incarcerated individuals. A sample of 33 inmates (87.9% men and 12.1% women) from the Bonxe Penitentiary Center (Lugo) completed the measurement instruments. Two ad hoc tests were used to gather information on sociodemographic characteristics, treatment history, and criminal background, as well as to assess perception of forgiveness and self-forgiveness. Additionally, the Spanish version of the GHQ-12 scale was administered to measure psychological distress. Results showed that 93.9% had caused harm to someone. However, only 70.4% believed that the harm caused to the victim or victims could be repaired. Regarding forgiveness, 39.4% considered the forgiveness process to be very important. In terms of psychological distress, low and moderate values were obtained, and the feeling of not experiencing happiness was the most reported. Considering the limitations of our study, the results are discussed, and future lines of research are proposed that highlight the importance of forgiveness and self-forgiveness in the prison population with the focus on Therapeutic Justice.
Direction
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
Intervention programs for juvenile offenders
Authorship
J.F.J.
Psychology
J.F.J.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 11:00
07.08.2024 11:00
Summary
Intervention in the field of juvenile delinquency is based on the organic laws that regulate the responsibility of minors, which highlight the importance of such intervention being of an educational nature. Through this, not only the reduction of criminal recidivism is sought, but also a correct reinsertion of young people into society through socialization processes and learning of skills that enable them and provide them with alternatives to criminal life. This paper reviews the most widely used programs in this field, especially at the national level, both in terms of their characteristics and their results. The objective of this analysis is to establish the characteristics shared by the programs that are effective, with the intention of taking them into account in future interventions. To this end, a previous behavioral, epidemiological and theoretical contextualization of the problem of juvenile delinquency in Spain is carried out. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that, although the programs are effective according to the studies carried out, there are a series of recommendations to be followed in the future so that this effectiveness is maintained and even improved, and to help to continue advancing and overcome the limitations that may arise if knowledge about the field is not adjusted to the progress of society, which may lead to the appearance of new risk factors and therefore, the obsolescence of the theories and programs that are effective today.
Intervention in the field of juvenile delinquency is based on the organic laws that regulate the responsibility of minors, which highlight the importance of such intervention being of an educational nature. Through this, not only the reduction of criminal recidivism is sought, but also a correct reinsertion of young people into society through socialization processes and learning of skills that enable them and provide them with alternatives to criminal life. This paper reviews the most widely used programs in this field, especially at the national level, both in terms of their characteristics and their results. The objective of this analysis is to establish the characteristics shared by the programs that are effective, with the intention of taking them into account in future interventions. To this end, a previous behavioral, epidemiological and theoretical contextualization of the problem of juvenile delinquency in Spain is carried out. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that, although the programs are effective according to the studies carried out, there are a series of recommendations to be followed in the future so that this effectiveness is maintained and even improved, and to help to continue advancing and overcome the limitations that may arise if knowledge about the field is not adjusted to the progress of society, which may lead to the appearance of new risk factors and therefore, the obsolescence of the theories and programs that are effective today.
Direction
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
Open label placebo: efficacy and underlying mechanisms
Authorship
M.F.B.
Psychology
M.F.B.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
The placebo is effective in reducing subjective symptoms. Additionally, it is a widely used tool in clinical research under the form of control groups. However, it has always been thought that the placebo needed deception, which poses a significant ethical limitation to its use. In 2010, the open-label placebo was discovered, a variant in which the patient is aware that they are receiving a placebo. This present bibliographic review aims to study the literature published in recent years on the efficacy of these honest placebos, as well as the underlying mechanisms of their efficacy. As a result, it can be stated that open-label placebos are effective in reducing symptoms in multiple conditions. The underlying mechanisms of their efficacy and the duration of their results appear to require further research. Ultimately, it is necessary to expand robust scientific evidence on the open-label placebo
The placebo is effective in reducing subjective symptoms. Additionally, it is a widely used tool in clinical research under the form of control groups. However, it has always been thought that the placebo needed deception, which poses a significant ethical limitation to its use. In 2010, the open-label placebo was discovered, a variant in which the patient is aware that they are receiving a placebo. This present bibliographic review aims to study the literature published in recent years on the efficacy of these honest placebos, as well as the underlying mechanisms of their efficacy. As a result, it can be stated that open-label placebos are effective in reducing symptoms in multiple conditions. The underlying mechanisms of their efficacy and the duration of their results appear to require further research. Ultimately, it is necessary to expand robust scientific evidence on the open-label placebo
Direction
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Tutorships)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Tutorships)
Court
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Chairman)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Secretary)
LOPEZ ROMERO, MARÍA LAURA (Member)
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Chairman)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Secretary)
LOPEZ ROMERO, MARÍA LAURA (Member)
TFG_Lucía Fernández Real
Authorship
L.F.R.
Psychology
L.F.R.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 13:00
07.15.2024 13:00
Summary
The increase in life expectancy has led to an increase in age-related diseases. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a condition characterized by cognitive decline greater than expected for a person's age, but not severe enough to interfere significantly with daily activities. Given the growing prevalence of the disease and its potential progression to more severe forms of dementia, it is crucial to explore innovative interventions that can help maintain or improve cognitive function. Virtual reality, an advanced technology that allows users to interact with three-dimensional virtual environments, emerges as a new alternative in this context. Therefore, this study evaluates the effectiveness of virtual reality as an intervention to improve memory in people with MCI, through the review of 10 studies. Although results are varied, virtual reality is emerging as a promising tool to address cognitive deficits associated with MCI and potentially delay progression to more severe forms of impairment.
The increase in life expectancy has led to an increase in age-related diseases. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a condition characterized by cognitive decline greater than expected for a person's age, but not severe enough to interfere significantly with daily activities. Given the growing prevalence of the disease and its potential progression to more severe forms of dementia, it is crucial to explore innovative interventions that can help maintain or improve cognitive function. Virtual reality, an advanced technology that allows users to interact with three-dimensional virtual environments, emerges as a new alternative in this context. Therefore, this study evaluates the effectiveness of virtual reality as an intervention to improve memory in people with MCI, through the review of 10 studies. Although results are varied, virtual reality is emerging as a promising tool to address cognitive deficits associated with MCI and potentially delay progression to more severe forms of impairment.
Direction
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Tutorships)
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Tutorships)
Court
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Student’s tutor)
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Student’s tutor)
Early Intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorder in Spain: a review of the last five years.
Authorship
B.P.F.
Psychology
B.P.F.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 11:00
07.08.2024 11:00
Summary
Early intervention services for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have been the subject of several investigations in the last five years, emerging as an essential component in responding to the unique needs of children between 0 and 6 years of age. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the priority characteristics of Early Intervention services for Autism Spectrum Disorder in the last five years. For this purpose, a systematic search was conducted in which 13 empirical studies were selected, published between 2019 and 2023, which analyze the various normative characteristics of the services, as well as the variables that affect them. After reviewing the papers, the lack of a regionally homogeneous diagnostic model and a lack of training of professionals in the educational field were detected. The results also underlined the importance of family support during all stages, as well as the involvement of the family in the intervention process. Finally, the need for effective coordination between the systems involved (educational system, social and health services) was reinforced. In conclusion, early intervention services for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Spain in the last five years have been exposed to regulatory changes where cohesion and effectiveness is essential for the proper development and welfare of children and families.
Early intervention services for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have been the subject of several investigations in the last five years, emerging as an essential component in responding to the unique needs of children between 0 and 6 years of age. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the priority characteristics of Early Intervention services for Autism Spectrum Disorder in the last five years. For this purpose, a systematic search was conducted in which 13 empirical studies were selected, published between 2019 and 2023, which analyze the various normative characteristics of the services, as well as the variables that affect them. After reviewing the papers, the lack of a regionally homogeneous diagnostic model and a lack of training of professionals in the educational field were detected. The results also underlined the importance of family support during all stages, as well as the involvement of the family in the intervention process. Finally, the need for effective coordination between the systems involved (educational system, social and health services) was reinforced. In conclusion, early intervention services for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Spain in the last five years have been exposed to regulatory changes where cohesion and effectiveness is essential for the proper development and welfare of children and families.
Direction
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Tutorships)
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Tutorships)
Court
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Student’s tutor)
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Student’s tutor)
Cognitive reserve in individuals with sujective cognitive complaints: Influence on the perception of complaints and cognitive performance.
Authorship
M.V.D.
Psychology
M.V.D.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:30
07.15.2024 10:30
Summary
The main objective of this systematic review is to study the relationship between cognitive reserve (CR) and the perception of cognitive complaints in individuals with subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), as well as the impact on cognitive performance and its progression in older adults with SCC. The main findigs indicate that CR has a significant influence on the perception of SCC and cognitive performance. The review includes 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria after removing duplicates and irrelevant studies that didn’t meet the inclusion criteria. The analysis of the studies revealed that a higher level of CR is generally associated with a lower number of SCC and a greater ability to detect and compensate for cognitive decline. Additionally, a higher CR is also linked to better cognitive performance and a slower progression of the decline. CR acts as a protective factor against cognitive decline, suggesting the importance of developing assessments that take CR into account and preventive and therapeutic interventions focused on enhancing CR, to improve the quality of life of older adults and prevent or delay the onset of cognitive disorders such as dementia.
The main objective of this systematic review is to study the relationship between cognitive reserve (CR) and the perception of cognitive complaints in individuals with subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), as well as the impact on cognitive performance and its progression in older adults with SCC. The main findigs indicate that CR has a significant influence on the perception of SCC and cognitive performance. The review includes 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria after removing duplicates and irrelevant studies that didn’t meet the inclusion criteria. The analysis of the studies revealed that a higher level of CR is generally associated with a lower number of SCC and a greater ability to detect and compensate for cognitive decline. Additionally, a higher CR is also linked to better cognitive performance and a slower progression of the decline. CR acts as a protective factor against cognitive decline, suggesting the importance of developing assessments that take CR into account and preventive and therapeutic interventions focused on enhancing CR, to improve the quality of life of older adults and prevent or delay the onset of cognitive disorders such as dementia.
Direction
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Tutorships)
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
The role of Intolerance of Uncertainty in Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the child and adolescent population
Authorship
A.G.R.
Psychology
A.G.R.
Psychology
Defense date
09.10.2024 10:30
09.10.2024 10:30
Summary
Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a cognitive disposition that, according to research conducted in adult populations, predicts the development of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Objectives: To understand the impact of IU on the development of GAD in the child and adolescent population, and to determine if this variable is as significant for GAD in this population as it is in adults. Method: A bibliographic search was conducted in the databases PsycInfo, Web of Science, Iacobus, and Medline for studies published between 2008 and 2024, evaluating the influence of IU on worry and GAD in the child and adolescent population. Results: Most studies suggest that IU is a significant variable in predicting GAD in samples of children and adolescents. Some studies pointed to the transdiagnostic nature of the construct. Contradictory and different patterns of influence were observed, taking into account variables such as gender, age, clinical status of the sample, the differential association of the two dimensions of IU (inhibitory and prospective), and parental variables. Conclusions: IU is relevant for predicting GAD in this population, but the pattern of influence must be adapted considering the influence of other moderating variables.
Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a cognitive disposition that, according to research conducted in adult populations, predicts the development of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Objectives: To understand the impact of IU on the development of GAD in the child and adolescent population, and to determine if this variable is as significant for GAD in this population as it is in adults. Method: A bibliographic search was conducted in the databases PsycInfo, Web of Science, Iacobus, and Medline for studies published between 2008 and 2024, evaluating the influence of IU on worry and GAD in the child and adolescent population. Results: Most studies suggest that IU is a significant variable in predicting GAD in samples of children and adolescents. Some studies pointed to the transdiagnostic nature of the construct. Contradictory and different patterns of influence were observed, taking into account variables such as gender, age, clinical status of the sample, the differential association of the two dimensions of IU (inhibitory and prospective), and parental variables. Conclusions: IU is relevant for predicting GAD in this population, but the pattern of influence must be adapted considering the influence of other moderating variables.
Direction
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Tutorships)
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Tutorships)
Court
Vazquez Rodriguez, Maria Isabel (Chairman)
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Secretary)
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Member)
Vazquez Rodriguez, Maria Isabel (Chairman)
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Secretary)
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Member)
Prevalence of sexual harassment victimization behavoirs in adolescence.
Authorship
C.L.V.
Psychology
C.L.V.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Sexual harassment in childhood and adolescence has become an increasingly frequent reality that violates their rights and generates an impact on their health that compromises their physical and psychoemotional well-being. Within this framework, the present study aims to examine the prevalence of sexual harassment victimization behaviors in a sample with an adolescent population. For this purpose, a sample of 752 adolescents, 406 girls (54.0%) and 346 boys (46.0%), with an age range between 15 and 18 years (M= 15.64, SD= 0.789), completed the Inventory of sexual harassment behaviors or strategies (Marcos et al., 2023) for the diagnosis of sexual harassment. The results showed a rate of 25.3% of sexual victimization and evidenced that the most reported behavior with 11.8% was “They have made comments, jokes, movements or sexual looks”. In addition, differences were found according to gender, with girls obtaining higher scores. Similarly, small differences were found according to age, with higher scores in the 17-18 years age group. Bearing in mind the limitations of our study, future lines of research are proposed within the framework of prevention of sexual violence in childhood and adolescence.
Sexual harassment in childhood and adolescence has become an increasingly frequent reality that violates their rights and generates an impact on their health that compromises their physical and psychoemotional well-being. Within this framework, the present study aims to examine the prevalence of sexual harassment victimization behaviors in a sample with an adolescent population. For this purpose, a sample of 752 adolescents, 406 girls (54.0%) and 346 boys (46.0%), with an age range between 15 and 18 years (M= 15.64, SD= 0.789), completed the Inventory of sexual harassment behaviors or strategies (Marcos et al., 2023) for the diagnosis of sexual harassment. The results showed a rate of 25.3% of sexual victimization and evidenced that the most reported behavior with 11.8% was “They have made comments, jokes, movements or sexual looks”. In addition, differences were found according to gender, with girls obtaining higher scores. Similarly, small differences were found according to age, with higher scores in the 17-18 years age group. Bearing in mind the limitations of our study, future lines of research are proposed within the framework of prevention of sexual violence in childhood and adolescence.
Direction
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
ANDRADE FERNANDEZ, ELENA MARIA (Chairman)
IGLESIAS CRIADO, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
PEREIRO ROZAS, ARTURO JOSE (Member)
ANDRADE FERNANDEZ, ELENA MARIA (Chairman)
IGLESIAS CRIADO, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
PEREIRO ROZAS, ARTURO JOSE (Member)
2023_24TFG_VeronicaPayoEstevez_Regulacion
Authorship
V.P.E.
Psychology
V.P.E.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) constitutes a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect, characterized by difficulties in emotional regulation and marked impulsivity. The objectives of this systematic review are, therefore, to examine the role of emotional regulation/dysregulation in BPD (in its manifestation and severity) and to analyse which emotional regulation strategies are associated with self-injurious behaviour, commonly observed in individuals with BPD. To conduct this study, a systematic search of empirical research from the last ten years was performed in three databases: PsycInfo, Web of Science (WOS), and Medline, resulting in the selection of fifteen articles for the review. Based on the reviewed research, it has been observed the role played by emotional dysregulation as a central characteristic of BPD and its relationship with self-injurious behaviour as a dysfunctional strategy of emotional regulation employed in response to high levels of negative emotionality, to achieve experiential avoidance or to obtain brief emotional relief in a short term, despite contributing to long-term mood deterioration. It has also been noted that this dysfunctional behaviour pattern could serve other functions such as self-inflicted punishment, management of feelings of shame, guilt, or self-criticism, physical externalization of emotional pain, or pursuit of autonomy, among others.
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) constitutes a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect, characterized by difficulties in emotional regulation and marked impulsivity. The objectives of this systematic review are, therefore, to examine the role of emotional regulation/dysregulation in BPD (in its manifestation and severity) and to analyse which emotional regulation strategies are associated with self-injurious behaviour, commonly observed in individuals with BPD. To conduct this study, a systematic search of empirical research from the last ten years was performed in three databases: PsycInfo, Web of Science (WOS), and Medline, resulting in the selection of fifteen articles for the review. Based on the reviewed research, it has been observed the role played by emotional dysregulation as a central characteristic of BPD and its relationship with self-injurious behaviour as a dysfunctional strategy of emotional regulation employed in response to high levels of negative emotionality, to achieve experiential avoidance or to obtain brief emotional relief in a short term, despite contributing to long-term mood deterioration. It has also been noted that this dysfunctional behaviour pattern could serve other functions such as self-inflicted punishment, management of feelings of shame, guilt, or self-criticism, physical externalization of emotional pain, or pursuit of autonomy, among others.
Direction
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Tutorships)
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Chairman)
López Durán, Ana (Secretary)
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Member)
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Chairman)
López Durán, Ana (Secretary)
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Member)
Tracing the Footprints of the Curupira: Authoritarianism, Polarization, and Monopoly on Truth in Brazil
Authorship
L.R.D.
Psychology
L.R.D.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
The weakening of democracy and the resurgence of authoritarian movements around the world have made this topic especially relevant today. In Brazil, recent dissatisfaction and insecurity regarding representative institutions have facilitated the rise of populist leaders, from both the left and the extreme right. This study investigated authoritarian attitudes based on ideological identification and whether these are related to an imposing cognitive style, in a sample of 134 Brazilian adults residing in Brazil. It also explored whether the polarization generated by the recent political context is linked to authoritarianism. Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), left-wing authoritarianism (LWA), the Monopoly of Truth (MoT), and polarization were measured, and participants were asked to place themselves on an ideological identification scale. For the analyses, correlations were used to examine the relationships between the studied variables, and an ANOVA was conducted to verify differences between the left, right, and center groups. The study’s results confirmed that authoritarianism can manifest in individuals with both conservative and progressive profiles. Additionally, it was found that both polarization and the belief that one’s political ideas are objectively superior for society are related to authoritarianism, although this was only observed in relation to LWA. These findings underscore the need to better understand authoritarian dynamics in different ideological contexts and highlight the importance of further research in this field to promote greater democratic stability.
The weakening of democracy and the resurgence of authoritarian movements around the world have made this topic especially relevant today. In Brazil, recent dissatisfaction and insecurity regarding representative institutions have facilitated the rise of populist leaders, from both the left and the extreme right. This study investigated authoritarian attitudes based on ideological identification and whether these are related to an imposing cognitive style, in a sample of 134 Brazilian adults residing in Brazil. It also explored whether the polarization generated by the recent political context is linked to authoritarianism. Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), left-wing authoritarianism (LWA), the Monopoly of Truth (MoT), and polarization were measured, and participants were asked to place themselves on an ideological identification scale. For the analyses, correlations were used to examine the relationships between the studied variables, and an ANOVA was conducted to verify differences between the left, right, and center groups. The study’s results confirmed that authoritarianism can manifest in individuals with both conservative and progressive profiles. Additionally, it was found that both polarization and the belief that one’s political ideas are objectively superior for society are related to authoritarianism, although this was only observed in relation to LWA. These findings underscore the need to better understand authoritarian dynamics in different ideological contexts and highlight the importance of further research in this field to promote greater democratic stability.
Direction
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Tutorships)
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Tutorships)
Court
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Chairman)
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Secretary)
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Member)
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Chairman)
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Secretary)
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Member)
Influence of implanted false memories on the testimony of viewed events
Authorship
A.P.C.
Psychology
A.P.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:30
07.15.2024 10:30
Summary
Many studies have shown that post-event information can distort the original details of a memory. However, the phenomenon of centrality in the misinformation paradigm is relatively recent and the results presented in the literature are mixed. In this study, the misinformation paradigm was used to investigate the effects of the introduction of false information after the event on the memory of central and peripheral aspects. Participants watched a video about a discussion and then completed a free recall task and a cued recall task. In addition, before the recall tasks, the experimental group answered a series of questions in which central and peripheral false information was introduced. The results showed a better performance for central content and a higher rate of commission errors in this same condition. However, no significant differences were observed between groups in the quality of information recalled. These findings have important theoretical and applied implications.
Many studies have shown that post-event information can distort the original details of a memory. However, the phenomenon of centrality in the misinformation paradigm is relatively recent and the results presented in the literature are mixed. In this study, the misinformation paradigm was used to investigate the effects of the introduction of false information after the event on the memory of central and peripheral aspects. Participants watched a video about a discussion and then completed a free recall task and a cued recall task. In addition, before the recall tasks, the experimental group answered a series of questions in which central and peripheral false information was introduced. The results showed a better performance for central content and a higher rate of commission errors in this same condition. However, no significant differences were observed between groups in the quality of information recalled. These findings have important theoretical and applied implications.
Direction
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Tutorships)
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Tutorships)
Court
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
DONO MARTIN, MARCOS (Member)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
DONO MARTIN, MARCOS (Member)
Discrimination against the LGBTIQ+ community in the workplace
Authorship
L.R.S.
Psychology
L.R.S.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 13:30
07.15.2024 13:30
Summary
Employment discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation is a wide- ranging problem around the world. It is a very heterogeneous question, since there are various forms of discrimination, such as stigma, prejudice, microaggressions or ostracism, among others. One of the objectives of this work was to analyze the relationship between relevance to the LGTBI+ group and employment discrimination. The results reported that there is discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, as well as intersectionality in patterns of discrimination. On the other hand, anti-discrimination measures are policies applied in organizations to reduce exclusion in the workplace, so another objective of this work was to analyze the effects of anti-discrimination policies. The results were clearly positive, but with certain nuances regarding their application. In this way, the importance of the existence of a national and homogeneous protocol for all organizations is emphasized. Finally, this work has been carried out with the aim of making visible the problems that the LGTBI+ group suffers on a daily basis.
Employment discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation is a wide- ranging problem around the world. It is a very heterogeneous question, since there are various forms of discrimination, such as stigma, prejudice, microaggressions or ostracism, among others. One of the objectives of this work was to analyze the relationship between relevance to the LGTBI+ group and employment discrimination. The results reported that there is discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, as well as intersectionality in patterns of discrimination. On the other hand, anti-discrimination measures are policies applied in organizations to reduce exclusion in the workplace, so another objective of this work was to analyze the effects of anti-discrimination policies. The results were clearly positive, but with certain nuances regarding their application. In this way, the importance of the existence of a national and homogeneous protocol for all organizations is emphasized. Finally, this work has been carried out with the aim of making visible the problems that the LGTBI+ group suffers on a daily basis.
Direction
IGLESIAS CRIADO, MARIA DEL MAR (Tutorships)
IGLESIAS CRIADO, MARIA DEL MAR (Tutorships)
Court
IGLESIAS CRIADO, MARIA DEL MAR (Student’s tutor)
IGLESIAS CRIADO, MARIA DEL MAR (Student’s tutor)
Preventive sex education
Authorship
L.A.C.
Psychology
L.A.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Currently in Spain, sexual education is determined by Law 2/2023, which establishes its mandatory nature in compulsory secondary education. In order to understand the effects of preventive programs applied in educational centers, few valid studies have been conducted in this country on adolescents aged between 12 and 18. Therefore, a systematic literature review was carried out. After applying a series of exclusion and inclusion criteria, 12 articles that met these criteria were selected. This paper explains the selected sample, the components of the different programs found, and their main effects. These include increased knowledge about HIV, increased intention to use condoms, and a decrease in various types of violence and sexual coercion, among others. A discussion of the results is included, establishing a comparison between studies to find common points, as well as the limitations. In conclusion, the programs have positive effects on improving sexual behaviours among adolescents and the intention to change contraceptive use, as well as knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (mainly HIV). It is necessary to continue researching this topic, and to create and rigorously evaluate more sexual education programs for young people.
Currently in Spain, sexual education is determined by Law 2/2023, which establishes its mandatory nature in compulsory secondary education. In order to understand the effects of preventive programs applied in educational centers, few valid studies have been conducted in this country on adolescents aged between 12 and 18. Therefore, a systematic literature review was carried out. After applying a series of exclusion and inclusion criteria, 12 articles that met these criteria were selected. This paper explains the selected sample, the components of the different programs found, and their main effects. These include increased knowledge about HIV, increased intention to use condoms, and a decrease in various types of violence and sexual coercion, among others. A discussion of the results is included, establishing a comparison between studies to find common points, as well as the limitations. In conclusion, the programs have positive effects on improving sexual behaviours among adolescents and the intention to change contraceptive use, as well as knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (mainly HIV). It is necessary to continue researching this topic, and to create and rigorously evaluate more sexual education programs for young people.
Direction
CUTRIN MOSTEIRO, OLALLA (Tutorships)
CUTRIN MOSTEIRO, OLALLA (Tutorships)
Court
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Chairman)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Secretary)
LOPEZ ROMERO, MARÍA LAURA (Member)
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Chairman)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Secretary)
LOPEZ ROMERO, MARÍA LAURA (Member)
Teen dating violence: Review of psychosocial factors and the influence of gender.
Authorship
L.R.M.P.
Psychology
L.R.M.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Teen Dating Violence (TDV) and Cyber Dating Violence (CDV) are two major problems in adolescent dating, highlighting the importance of knowing their origin in order to try to prevent them. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine the characteristics of the manifestation of perpetration and/or victimisation by violence in adolescent relationships, as well as the possible variables (individual, family and/or social) that act as risk factors for TDV and the socio-demographic variables that may have an influence. To this end, a systematic search was conducted in PsycInfo, MedLine and Web of Science. Nineteen articles published between 2013 and 2023 were included for review. TDV was associated with individual factors such as low self-esteem, negative self-concept and pro-violent beliefs. Family variables such as aggressive family dynamics, exposure to family violence, punitive parenting practices and filio-parental violence were also linked. On the other hand, in terms of social factors, alcohol and drug use, relationship with antisocial peers and exposure to violent pornography. Finally, socio-demographic variables such as non-heteronormative sexual orientations and belonging to a low socio-economic status were shown to be vulnerability factors for DVT. In conclusion, the multi-causality of this problem and the family supervision of adolescents should be taken into account as the main protective factor for TDV and CDV in future implications for prevention.
Teen Dating Violence (TDV) and Cyber Dating Violence (CDV) are two major problems in adolescent dating, highlighting the importance of knowing their origin in order to try to prevent them. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine the characteristics of the manifestation of perpetration and/or victimisation by violence in adolescent relationships, as well as the possible variables (individual, family and/or social) that act as risk factors for TDV and the socio-demographic variables that may have an influence. To this end, a systematic search was conducted in PsycInfo, MedLine and Web of Science. Nineteen articles published between 2013 and 2023 were included for review. TDV was associated with individual factors such as low self-esteem, negative self-concept and pro-violent beliefs. Family variables such as aggressive family dynamics, exposure to family violence, punitive parenting practices and filio-parental violence were also linked. On the other hand, in terms of social factors, alcohol and drug use, relationship with antisocial peers and exposure to violent pornography. Finally, socio-demographic variables such as non-heteronormative sexual orientations and belonging to a low socio-economic status were shown to be vulnerability factors for DVT. In conclusion, the multi-causality of this problem and the family supervision of adolescents should be taken into account as the main protective factor for TDV and CDV in future implications for prevention.
Direction
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Tutorships)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Tutorships)
Court
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Chairman)
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Secretary)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Member)
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Chairman)
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Secretary)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Member)
Perceived risk of scarcity and scarcity and water-saving water-saving behaviours: a psychosocial approach
Authorship
I.B.G.
Psychology
I.B.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 11:00
07.15.2024 11:00
Summary
Climate change is increasing water scarcity in Spain, even in regions traditionally rich in water resources such as Galicia. Given the need to address this problem through water conservation, the aim of this paper is to study, from the perspective of study, from the perspective of Environmental Psychology, how the perceived risk of water scarcity, attitudes towards water conservation measures, and certain socio-demographic variables such as gender, age and political ideology, influence intentions to adopt water conservation behaviours. To reach the target population, this study uses a questionnaire to measure the variables of interest, with the participation of 101 respondents (73.3% female, Mage=28), obtained through the snowball method. After statistical analyses, the results show that there is a relationship between perceived risk of scarcity, attitudes towards conservation and intention to conserve, and that perception and attitudes, along with gender, are predictors of conservation behaviour. Furthermore, it is found that higher perceived risk of scarcity leads to higher water conservation intention, and that there are differences between men and women in water conservation attitudes and behaviours. This indicates that the perceived risk of water scarcity is a relevant factor in the implementation of pro-environmental conservation measures, something that may prove very useful in the future in the face of droughts and other water problems.
Climate change is increasing water scarcity in Spain, even in regions traditionally rich in water resources such as Galicia. Given the need to address this problem through water conservation, the aim of this paper is to study, from the perspective of study, from the perspective of Environmental Psychology, how the perceived risk of water scarcity, attitudes towards water conservation measures, and certain socio-demographic variables such as gender, age and political ideology, influence intentions to adopt water conservation behaviours. To reach the target population, this study uses a questionnaire to measure the variables of interest, with the participation of 101 respondents (73.3% female, Mage=28), obtained through the snowball method. After statistical analyses, the results show that there is a relationship between perceived risk of scarcity, attitudes towards conservation and intention to conserve, and that perception and attitudes, along with gender, are predictors of conservation behaviour. Furthermore, it is found that higher perceived risk of scarcity leads to higher water conservation intention, and that there are differences between men and women in water conservation attitudes and behaviours. This indicates that the perceived risk of water scarcity is a relevant factor in the implementation of pro-environmental conservation measures, something that may prove very useful in the future in the face of droughts and other water problems.
Direction
Gómez Roman, Cristina (Tutorships)
Gómez Roman, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Gómez Roman, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Gómez Roman, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Update on Pharmacology and Behavioural Therapy in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents
Authorship
D.C.C.P.
Psychology
D.C.C.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 12:00
07.15.2024 12:00
Summary
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a commonly diagnosed disorder in children and adolescents, which currently remains highly prevalent and diagnosed. The main aim of this paper is to review the efficacy, safety and clinical considerations of medications used for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adolescents, including their side effects in the literature developed from 2013 to 2024. In addition, alternative therapies will be addressed, based on the study conducted by Sibley et al. in 2014. The various papers reviewed concluded that stimulant pharmacology, such as methylphenidate, is the preferred and most effective treatment for ADHD. Non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine and viloxazine are also effective. Combinations such as olanzapine and atomoxetine have shown significant improvements in symptoms. Cognitive working memory training (CWMT) and neurofeedback are complementary therapies that offer additional benefits. Recent studies suggest that the combination of methylphenidate with EEG feedback may be more effective than individual therapies, while one study mentions that nutritional supplements such as saffron extract have shown comparable improvements to methylphenidate in the management of ADHD symptoms.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a commonly diagnosed disorder in children and adolescents, which currently remains highly prevalent and diagnosed. The main aim of this paper is to review the efficacy, safety and clinical considerations of medications used for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adolescents, including their side effects in the literature developed from 2013 to 2024. In addition, alternative therapies will be addressed, based on the study conducted by Sibley et al. in 2014. The various papers reviewed concluded that stimulant pharmacology, such as methylphenidate, is the preferred and most effective treatment for ADHD. Non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine and viloxazine are also effective. Combinations such as olanzapine and atomoxetine have shown significant improvements in symptoms. Cognitive working memory training (CWMT) and neurofeedback are complementary therapies that offer additional benefits. Recent studies suggest that the combination of methylphenidate with EEG feedback may be more effective than individual therapies, while one study mentions that nutritional supplements such as saffron extract have shown comparable improvements to methylphenidate in the management of ADHD symptoms.
Direction
LOSADA VAZQUEZ, MARIA CONCEPCION (Tutorships)
LOSADA VAZQUEZ, MARIA CONCEPCION (Tutorships)
Court
LOSADA VAZQUEZ, MARIA CONCEPCION (Student’s tutor)
LOSADA VAZQUEZ, MARIA CONCEPCION (Student’s tutor)
Teaching practices that promote self-regulated learning: effects and antecedents
Authorship
N.S.F.
Psychology
N.S.F.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Education is one of the greatest challenges of today's society. Ensuring that students become autonomous people, capable of learning and with a good educational and social adjustment is considered a priority. Self-regulated learning (SRL) is key to achieving these goals, and its teaching is a way to achieve them. This is why the main objective of this review is to know the SRL promotion practices (SRLP), the effects it has on the students and the possible variables associated with the process. For this, a systematic search was carried out from which 19 articles were selected that explored the SRL promotion practices and the teaching variables that are associated with them. The review showed that teachers of different educational levels make use of a diversity of SRLP, both direct and indirect. In addition, SRLP show favourable effects on the motivational and strategic aspect of SRL. Likewise, variables such as knowledge on SRL, beliefs and teacher self-efficacy have been associated with the promotion of self-regulation in the classroom. In conclusion, although research in the field is growing and provides promising results, in the face of intervention it is a priority to consider teacher variables, as well as the students ones, in addition to providing the former with the knowledge and resources to be capable of promoting self-regulation in the classroom.
Education is one of the greatest challenges of today's society. Ensuring that students become autonomous people, capable of learning and with a good educational and social adjustment is considered a priority. Self-regulated learning (SRL) is key to achieving these goals, and its teaching is a way to achieve them. This is why the main objective of this review is to know the SRL promotion practices (SRLP), the effects it has on the students and the possible variables associated with the process. For this, a systematic search was carried out from which 19 articles were selected that explored the SRL promotion practices and the teaching variables that are associated with them. The review showed that teachers of different educational levels make use of a diversity of SRLP, both direct and indirect. In addition, SRLP show favourable effects on the motivational and strategic aspect of SRL. Likewise, variables such as knowledge on SRL, beliefs and teacher self-efficacy have been associated with the promotion of self-regulation in the classroom. In conclusion, although research in the field is growing and provides promising results, in the face of intervention it is a priority to consider teacher variables, as well as the students ones, in addition to providing the former with the knowledge and resources to be capable of promoting self-regulation in the classroom.
Direction
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Tutorships)
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Tutorships)
Court
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Chairman)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Secretary)
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Member)
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Chairman)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Secretary)
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Member)
Parental mediation in new technologies
Authorship
V.S.S.
Psychology
V.S.S.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
ICTs have extended widely throughout the world, and their easy access makes them attractive even to the little ones. Minors spend more and more time online, which makes it necessary, within the family context, to establish ways to mediate this content and avoid inappropriate uses of ICT. Research on parental mediation strategies reveals their high importance in the use of new technologies and the predominance of active and restrictive mediation. The present systematic review looks for analyze the predominant parental mediation styles, the variables that determine their choice and their relationship with problematic use. The results show the predominance of strategies based on dialogue and restrictions. Regarding the variables, it is the age of the minors and the socioeconomic level of the parents that most influence the choice of one strategy or another. Finally, problematic use is mainly associated with lack of control and stricter forms of mediation, although it is necessary to take into account the mediating variables. Despite having consensus on some points, it is necessary to continue researching and delving deeper into the subject, and thus be able to provide more solid results.
ICTs have extended widely throughout the world, and their easy access makes them attractive even to the little ones. Minors spend more and more time online, which makes it necessary, within the family context, to establish ways to mediate this content and avoid inappropriate uses of ICT. Research on parental mediation strategies reveals their high importance in the use of new technologies and the predominance of active and restrictive mediation. The present systematic review looks for analyze the predominant parental mediation styles, the variables that determine their choice and their relationship with problematic use. The results show the predominance of strategies based on dialogue and restrictions. Regarding the variables, it is the age of the minors and the socioeconomic level of the parents that most influence the choice of one strategy or another. Finally, problematic use is mainly associated with lack of control and stricter forms of mediation, although it is necessary to take into account the mediating variables. Despite having consensus on some points, it is necessary to continue researching and delving deeper into the subject, and thus be able to provide more solid results.
Direction
Páramo Fernández, María Fernanda (Tutorships)
Páramo Fernández, María Fernanda (Tutorships)
Court
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Chairman)
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Secretary)
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Member)
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Chairman)
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Secretary)
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Member)
Analysis of self-concept, psychological and anxiogenic profile in handball players.
Authorship
L.D.L.T.P.
Psychology
L.D.L.T.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:30
07.15.2024 10:30
Summary
Handball is a very dynamic sport with constant actions that cause uncertainty, it requires great agility and technical-tactical thinking skills, so it requires players to have a suitable psychological development. In the present study we tried to establish the psychological profile, self-concept, anxiety levels and self-confidence of a sample of handball players (N=121), looking for relationships between them and exploring the differences that may arise according to a series of socio-sporting variables (gender, sporting success, experience and tactical position). The information was collected online through the Microsoft Forms platform, in which various socio-sporting questions were asked and in which the Test of Performance Strategies 3 (TOPS-3), the Competitive Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) and the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF) questionnaires were applied. The results obtained indicate that the psychological profile of the handball players is characterised by high competence in Automaticity, Goal Setting, Activation and Atentional Control, together with high levels of Cognitive Anxiety, strong Self-Confidence and high scores in Physical Ability, Physical Fitness and General Self-Concept. Differences were found in the profiles according to gender, sporting success, years of experience and tactical position. Significant relationships were also found between the skills assessed by the three questionnaires.
Handball is a very dynamic sport with constant actions that cause uncertainty, it requires great agility and technical-tactical thinking skills, so it requires players to have a suitable psychological development. In the present study we tried to establish the psychological profile, self-concept, anxiety levels and self-confidence of a sample of handball players (N=121), looking for relationships between them and exploring the differences that may arise according to a series of socio-sporting variables (gender, sporting success, experience and tactical position). The information was collected online through the Microsoft Forms platform, in which various socio-sporting questions were asked and in which the Test of Performance Strategies 3 (TOPS-3), the Competitive Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) and the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF) questionnaires were applied. The results obtained indicate that the psychological profile of the handball players is characterised by high competence in Automaticity, Goal Setting, Activation and Atentional Control, together with high levels of Cognitive Anxiety, strong Self-Confidence and high scores in Physical Ability, Physical Fitness and General Self-Concept. Differences were found in the profiles according to gender, sporting success, years of experience and tactical position. Significant relationships were also found between the skills assessed by the three questionnaires.
Direction
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Tutorships)
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Tutorships)
Court
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
DONO MARTIN, MARCOS (Member)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
DONO MARTIN, MARCOS (Member)
Internet Gaming Disorder and symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity in an adolescent population: a literature review.
Authorship
P.C.N.
Psychology
P.C.N.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is characterised by excessive use of video games, causing significant distress and interfering in different areas of the individual's life. The prevalence of this disorder is higher at an early age, with a high risk in adolescence. Likewise, symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity are commonly associated with IGD. Therefore, the literature review aims to examine the recent literature on the relationship between Internet Gaming Disorder in adolescents and the characteristic symptoms of ADHD. To this end, a literature review was conducted in the Web of Science and PsycINFO databases. From a total of 569 studies, 14 studies that investigate the association between IGD and ADHD symptoms in adolescents have been chosen. The results show a high comorbidity between IGD and ADHD in adolescents. Furthermore, some studies show how IGD predicts inattention and hyperactivity symptomatology, while others find the inverse relation, with ADHD symptoms predicting the onset of IGD. Thus, studies suggest the possible existence of a bidirectional relationship between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, characteristic of ADHD, in the adolescent population. Thus, there is a need for future research with longitudinal studies to understand the nature of this association.
Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is characterised by excessive use of video games, causing significant distress and interfering in different areas of the individual's life. The prevalence of this disorder is higher at an early age, with a high risk in adolescence. Likewise, symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity are commonly associated with IGD. Therefore, the literature review aims to examine the recent literature on the relationship between Internet Gaming Disorder in adolescents and the characteristic symptoms of ADHD. To this end, a literature review was conducted in the Web of Science and PsycINFO databases. From a total of 569 studies, 14 studies that investigate the association between IGD and ADHD symptoms in adolescents have been chosen. The results show a high comorbidity between IGD and ADHD in adolescents. Furthermore, some studies show how IGD predicts inattention and hyperactivity symptomatology, while others find the inverse relation, with ADHD symptoms predicting the onset of IGD. Thus, studies suggest the possible existence of a bidirectional relationship between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, characteristic of ADHD, in the adolescent population. Thus, there is a need for future research with longitudinal studies to understand the nature of this association.
Direction
MARTINEZ VISPO, CARMELA (Tutorships)
MARTINEZ VISPO, CARMELA (Tutorships)
Court
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Chairman)
SANTIAGO MARIÑO, MARIA JOSE (Secretary)
Rodríguez Salgado, Dolores (Member)
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Chairman)
SANTIAGO MARIÑO, MARIA JOSE (Secretary)
Rodríguez Salgado, Dolores (Member)
Relationship between Bullying and Self-harming behaviors in Adolescence: A Systematic Review
Authorship
V.S.C.
Psychology
V.S.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Bullying is a set of repeated acts of interpersonal aggression with a power imbalance that can manifest in various forms (verbal aggression, physical aggression, etc.). The severity of bullying in adolescence has led to increasing attention to its effects on the mental health of young people and the possibilities of self-harm to alleviate the distress it produces in them. This study examines the relationship between bullying and self-harm in adolescence through a systematic literature review. Seventeen scientific articles involving a total sample of 50,651 adolescents were analyzed. The results revealed a significant association between victimization by bullying and self-harming behaviors, for both victims and perpetrators of bullying. Additionally, it was found that depressive and anxiety symptoms acted as moderators in this relationship, while perceived support from parents, teachers, and peers emerged as a key protective factor. These findings highlight the importance of addressing both school bullying and self-harming behaviors in a comprehensive approach to mental health in adolescence.
Bullying is a set of repeated acts of interpersonal aggression with a power imbalance that can manifest in various forms (verbal aggression, physical aggression, etc.). The severity of bullying in adolescence has led to increasing attention to its effects on the mental health of young people and the possibilities of self-harm to alleviate the distress it produces in them. This study examines the relationship between bullying and self-harm in adolescence through a systematic literature review. Seventeen scientific articles involving a total sample of 50,651 adolescents were analyzed. The results revealed a significant association between victimization by bullying and self-harming behaviors, for both victims and perpetrators of bullying. Additionally, it was found that depressive and anxiety symptoms acted as moderators in this relationship, while perceived support from parents, teachers, and peers emerged as a key protective factor. These findings highlight the importance of addressing both school bullying and self-harming behaviors in a comprehensive approach to mental health in adolescence.
Direction
LOPEZ ROMERO, MARÍA LAURA (Tutorships)
LOPEZ ROMERO, MARÍA LAURA (Tutorships)
Court
FERNÁNDEZ REY, JOSÉ (Chairman)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Secretary)
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Member)
FERNÁNDEZ REY, JOSÉ (Chairman)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Secretary)
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Member)
Internal communication as a vehicle for organizational culture
Authorship
I.B.B.
Psychology
I.B.B.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 12:30
07.15.2024 12:30
Summary
The world of work and human resources is constantly changing, and the context in which companies operate is increasingly volatile. Companies must strive to adapt as best as possible. To achieve this, strategic management emerges, aiming to coordinate all available resources so that the company can achieve its goals as efficiently as possible. Strategic management of internal communication within the company and the management of organizational culture have been gaining increasing importance. These two concepts, although they may seem independent, are highly interrelated. This work delves into the importance of these two assets for the organization and aims to analyze how they are related. To do this, the literature on both organizational culture and internal communication within the company has been reviewed. Undoubtedly, internal communication is the channel that allows the transmission of values, attitudes, and behaviors that establish an organizational culture that satisfies both the interests of the employees and the interests of the company itself. At the same time, organizational culture significantly shapes the way in which the members of the company interact with each other.
The world of work and human resources is constantly changing, and the context in which companies operate is increasingly volatile. Companies must strive to adapt as best as possible. To achieve this, strategic management emerges, aiming to coordinate all available resources so that the company can achieve its goals as efficiently as possible. Strategic management of internal communication within the company and the management of organizational culture have been gaining increasing importance. These two concepts, although they may seem independent, are highly interrelated. This work delves into the importance of these two assets for the organization and aims to analyze how they are related. To do this, the literature on both organizational culture and internal communication within the company has been reviewed. Undoubtedly, internal communication is the channel that allows the transmission of values, attitudes, and behaviors that establish an organizational culture that satisfies both the interests of the employees and the interests of the company itself. At the same time, organizational culture significantly shapes the way in which the members of the company interact with each other.
Direction
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Tutorships)
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
Recidivism in gender-based offenders: a sentences' review
Authorship
B.P.F.
Psychology
B.P.F.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Intimate partner violence is considered a social issue that affects a significant number of women; however, it is estimated that less than 30% of cases are reported. The consequences for victims are diverse, associated with multiple physical and psychological problems, as well as the revictimization experienced during the judicial process. The recurrence of offenders must also be considered as another major difficulty to address, as sentences must be tailored to each individual convict to prevent them from reoffending. The aim of this study is to examine the judicial process and the measures implemented, as well as their effectiveness. To carry this out, 156 judgments on gender-based violence were selected, where the offenders had previously been judged. To understand the relationship between variables, an analysis was conducted using Chi-square and Student's t-test statistics. Results were obtained regarding the characteristics of the violence, the victim, and the offender, along with those associated with the legal process, the reporting of incidents, the evidence presented, and the sentences imposed. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of empowering victims to report incidents and improving protection measures, as well as the urgent need to establish reeducation programs for convicted offenders.
Intimate partner violence is considered a social issue that affects a significant number of women; however, it is estimated that less than 30% of cases are reported. The consequences for victims are diverse, associated with multiple physical and psychological problems, as well as the revictimization experienced during the judicial process. The recurrence of offenders must also be considered as another major difficulty to address, as sentences must be tailored to each individual convict to prevent them from reoffending. The aim of this study is to examine the judicial process and the measures implemented, as well as their effectiveness. To carry this out, 156 judgments on gender-based violence were selected, where the offenders had previously been judged. To understand the relationship between variables, an analysis was conducted using Chi-square and Student's t-test statistics. Results were obtained regarding the characteristics of the violence, the victim, and the offender, along with those associated with the legal process, the reporting of incidents, the evidence presented, and the sentences imposed. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of empowering victims to report incidents and improving protection measures, as well as the urgent need to establish reeducation programs for convicted offenders.
Direction
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
ANDRADE FERNANDEZ, ELENA MARIA (Chairman)
IGLESIAS CRIADO, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
PEREIRO ROZAS, ARTURO JOSE (Member)
ANDRADE FERNANDEZ, ELENA MARIA (Chairman)
IGLESIAS CRIADO, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
PEREIRO ROZAS, ARTURO JOSE (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
M.G.C.
Psychology
M.G.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Alcohol consumption represents one of the main public health problems. This behaviour begins mainly in adolescence, with the binge drinking pattern being of particular concern. This stage is particularly vulnerable due to the critical period of brain maturation in which adolescents find themselves. The aim of this review was to analyze the possible implication of binge drinking in the executive functions of young people. To this end, a systematic search was carried out in the PubMed database in which 18 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. In the articles review, it was observed that most of them indicate an association between binge drinking and an impairment in executive functions such as working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and decision making. Adolescents with this pattern of consumption have greater difficulties in these tasks compared to those who do not consume or consume moderately. Therefore, the review concludes that adolescent binge drinking impairs executive functions, affecting behavior and adaptation, and increasing the risk of mental and physical health problems.
Alcohol consumption represents one of the main public health problems. This behaviour begins mainly in adolescence, with the binge drinking pattern being of particular concern. This stage is particularly vulnerable due to the critical period of brain maturation in which adolescents find themselves. The aim of this review was to analyze the possible implication of binge drinking in the executive functions of young people. To this end, a systematic search was carried out in the PubMed database in which 18 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. In the articles review, it was observed that most of them indicate an association between binge drinking and an impairment in executive functions such as working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and decision making. Adolescents with this pattern of consumption have greater difficulties in these tasks compared to those who do not consume or consume moderately. Therefore, the review concludes that adolescent binge drinking impairs executive functions, affecting behavior and adaptation, and increasing the risk of mental and physical health problems.
Direction
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Tutorships)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Chairman)
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Secretary)
MARTINEZ VISPO, CARMELA (Member)
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Chairman)
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Secretary)
MARTINEZ VISPO, CARMELA (Member)
The influence of perceived repression on the intention of normative and non-normative collective action
Authorship
A.I.D.
Psychology
A.I.D.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
The climate change we have been experiencing for decades, primarily due to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution, is causing significant damage to our planet and poses a substantial threat to life. In response to this issue, thousands of people are raising their voices through organized groups that increasingly face legal obstacles. This research aims to investigate how perception of coercive measures implemented by the State in a democratic country like Spain can shape the intention to participate in both normative and non-normative actions in support of the environmental movement, as well as the identification with the movement, thus contributing to the literature exploring the repression-dissent nexus. Participants were divided into three groups: one control group and two experimental groups (in which the perception of repression was manipulated to induce a sense of high repression in one group and a sense of no repression in the other). The study aimed to test a scaling effect of repression, which was also expected to increase pro-environmentalist identification. Correlation analyses between the studied variables and variance analyses between the groups under different conditions were conducted. Although the expected results were not found, it was discovered that the perception of low repression could lead to demobilization.
The climate change we have been experiencing for decades, primarily due to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution, is causing significant damage to our planet and poses a substantial threat to life. In response to this issue, thousands of people are raising their voices through organized groups that increasingly face legal obstacles. This research aims to investigate how perception of coercive measures implemented by the State in a democratic country like Spain can shape the intention to participate in both normative and non-normative actions in support of the environmental movement, as well as the identification with the movement, thus contributing to the literature exploring the repression-dissent nexus. Participants were divided into three groups: one control group and two experimental groups (in which the perception of repression was manipulated to induce a sense of high repression in one group and a sense of no repression in the other). The study aimed to test a scaling effect of repression, which was also expected to increase pro-environmentalist identification. Correlation analyses between the studied variables and variance analyses between the groups under different conditions were conducted. Although the expected results were not found, it was discovered that the perception of low repression could lead to demobilization.
Direction
DONO MARTIN, MARCOS (Tutorships)
DONO MARTIN, MARCOS (Tutorships)
Court
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Chairman)
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Secretary)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Member)
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Chairman)
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Secretary)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Member)
Heuristics and cognitive biases in human inference: medical reasoning
Authorship
A.G.C.
Psychology
A.G.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 11:00
07.15.2024 11:00
Summary
A significant percentage of medical errors appears to originate from cognitive factors, related to the unconscious use of illogical strategies or heuristics. These shortcuts are often used to reason or make decisions, both in everyday life and in professional contexts, such as the clinical setting. Since they are informal mechanisms, heuristics can lead to biases or errors. This paper is a literature review focusing on the analysis of the most frequent heuristics used by physicians, particularly when making clinical diagnoses. It also examines the most common strategies used to reduce these biases (debiasing strategies), with a focus on diagnostic decision making. Using the dual-process theory as a theoretical framework, which distinguishes between type 1 (fast and intuitive) and type 2 (slow and deliberative) thinking systems, this review explores the most common heuristics in the medical field and their connection to diagnostic errors. The reviewed articles provide an overview of the use of heuristics by physicians in their daily clinical practice, fulfilling the central aim of this study. Among the notable findings, the availability heuristic, based on how easily recent diagnostic examples come to mind, is one of the most frequently used and is associated with diagnostic errors. However, the role of medical experience and reflective reasoning in susceptibility to this heuristic is unclear. What is evident is that interventions aimed at improving physicians' specific knowledge about diseases have proven effective. This suggests that more emphasis should be placed on such interventions, as they could reduce the availability heuristic and, consequently, diagnostic errors.
A significant percentage of medical errors appears to originate from cognitive factors, related to the unconscious use of illogical strategies or heuristics. These shortcuts are often used to reason or make decisions, both in everyday life and in professional contexts, such as the clinical setting. Since they are informal mechanisms, heuristics can lead to biases or errors. This paper is a literature review focusing on the analysis of the most frequent heuristics used by physicians, particularly when making clinical diagnoses. It also examines the most common strategies used to reduce these biases (debiasing strategies), with a focus on diagnostic decision making. Using the dual-process theory as a theoretical framework, which distinguishes between type 1 (fast and intuitive) and type 2 (slow and deliberative) thinking systems, this review explores the most common heuristics in the medical field and their connection to diagnostic errors. The reviewed articles provide an overview of the use of heuristics by physicians in their daily clinical practice, fulfilling the central aim of this study. Among the notable findings, the availability heuristic, based on how easily recent diagnostic examples come to mind, is one of the most frequently used and is associated with diagnostic errors. However, the role of medical experience and reflective reasoning in susceptibility to this heuristic is unclear. What is evident is that interventions aimed at improving physicians' specific knowledge about diseases have proven effective. This suggests that more emphasis should be placed on such interventions, as they could reduce the availability heuristic and, consequently, diagnostic errors.
Direction
MARTIN RAJO, MONTSERRAT (Tutorships)
MARTIN RAJO, MONTSERRAT (Tutorships)
Court
MARTIN RAJO, MONTSERRAT (Student’s tutor)
MARTIN RAJO, MONTSERRAT (Student’s tutor)
The sports burnout syndrome.
Authorship
J.G.L.
Psychology
J.G.L.
Psychology
Defense date
09.10.2024 10:30
09.10.2024 10:30
Summary
Sports burnout refers to a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion that affects athletes as a result of chronic stress and pressure related to their sporting activity. The main objective of this research is to systematically analyze the available scientific evidence on sports burnout. To achieve this objective, a bibliographic review of the scientific literature is carried out, following the PRISMA 2020 standards as a reference. From this review, it is concluded that sports burnout is a syndrome that affects many athletes worldwide, in addition, there is an inverse relationship between levels of burnout and satisfaction in athletes; on the other hand, the presence of psychological characteristics that reflect sports entrapment is related to higher levels of burnout in athletes. Likewise, the reviewed literature highlights the importance of considering multi-causal factors, such as nutritional status, sports performance, age, cognitive status and behavior of the athlete, in the development of burnout.
Sports burnout refers to a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion that affects athletes as a result of chronic stress and pressure related to their sporting activity. The main objective of this research is to systematically analyze the available scientific evidence on sports burnout. To achieve this objective, a bibliographic review of the scientific literature is carried out, following the PRISMA 2020 standards as a reference. From this review, it is concluded that sports burnout is a syndrome that affects many athletes worldwide, in addition, there is an inverse relationship between levels of burnout and satisfaction in athletes; on the other hand, the presence of psychological characteristics that reflect sports entrapment is related to higher levels of burnout in athletes. Likewise, the reviewed literature highlights the importance of considering multi-causal factors, such as nutritional status, sports performance, age, cognitive status and behavior of the athlete, in the development of burnout.
Direction
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Tutorships)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Tutorships)
Court
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Student’s tutor)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Student’s tutor)
Suicidal behaviour in the perinatal period: Prevalence and risk factors risk factors
Authorship
S.S.P.
Psychology
S.S.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Suicide is one of the major public health problems worldwide. In women, the perinatal period is especially critical because of their greater vulnerability to developing mental health problems. Therefore, it is essential to know the prevalence of this behaviour and its risk factors in order to develop effective prevention and intervention measures. The main objective of this systematic review is to report on the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal behaviour in pregnancy and postpartum. For this purpose, a systematic search was conducted in PsycInfo, Web of Science and PubMed, in which 17 articles published between 2015 and 2024 were selected. After reviewing the studies, a high variability in the prevalences of suicidal behaviour was observed, both in pregnancy (between 0.01% and 6.00%) and postpartum (between 0.01% and 5.06%). During pregnancy, the mean prevalence was 2.14%, and in the postpartum period, 1.04%. Risk factors specific to each period were found, especially those related to the pregnancy or delivery itself. Risk factors common to both stages were also identified. The most frequent socio-demographic factors were younger age and low socio-economic status. The psychosocial factors most frequently repeated in the studies were mental disorders and a history of suicidal behaviour.
Suicide is one of the major public health problems worldwide. In women, the perinatal period is especially critical because of their greater vulnerability to developing mental health problems. Therefore, it is essential to know the prevalence of this behaviour and its risk factors in order to develop effective prevention and intervention measures. The main objective of this systematic review is to report on the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal behaviour in pregnancy and postpartum. For this purpose, a systematic search was conducted in PsycInfo, Web of Science and PubMed, in which 17 articles published between 2015 and 2024 were selected. After reviewing the studies, a high variability in the prevalences of suicidal behaviour was observed, both in pregnancy (between 0.01% and 6.00%) and postpartum (between 0.01% and 5.06%). During pregnancy, the mean prevalence was 2.14%, and in the postpartum period, 1.04%. Risk factors specific to each period were found, especially those related to the pregnancy or delivery itself. Risk factors common to both stages were also identified. The most frequent socio-demographic factors were younger age and low socio-economic status. The psychosocial factors most frequently repeated in the studies were mental disorders and a history of suicidal behaviour.
Direction
Míguez Varela, María del Carmen (Tutorships)
Míguez Varela, María del Carmen (Tutorships)
Court
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Chairman)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Secretary)
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Member)
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Chairman)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Secretary)
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Member)
The Role of Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder: Analysis and Implications
Authorship
P.A.R.
Psychology
P.A.R.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe, heterogeneous, common and highly comorbid psychopathological condition, which is currently considered a notorious public health issue. In addition, its severity is increased by the presence of dissociative experiences, which are shown to have a high prevalence in this disorder. Therefore, a bibliographical review is carried out to examine the role of dissociation in BPD, in terms of manifestations, correlates, determinants and clinical implications. For this purpose, a total of 16 articles published in the last ten years are selected. After the corresponding review, it can be seen that dissociation is postulated as a diverse phenomenon in BPD, which may reflect the disorder’s own heterogeneity, as well as help to deepen in it. Furthermore, this dissociative experience is a different manifestation than that present in other disorders, such as dissociative identity disorder (DID). In BPD, there is a clear link between two of its central symptoms, identity alteration and emotional regulation deficits, and dissociation. In addition, experiences of childhood trauma are postulated as powerful predictors of the presence of these dissociative symptoms. Therefore, the presence and severity of dissociative experiences, as well as traumatic ones, means an increase in the severity of the borderline condition. What has been mentioned so far, has numerous clinical implications. Specifically, with regard to treatment, the need to evaluate the presentation of dissociation in each borderline patient is set out, in order to adapt the intervention to the demands and optimize the therapeutic response.
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe, heterogeneous, common and highly comorbid psychopathological condition, which is currently considered a notorious public health issue. In addition, its severity is increased by the presence of dissociative experiences, which are shown to have a high prevalence in this disorder. Therefore, a bibliographical review is carried out to examine the role of dissociation in BPD, in terms of manifestations, correlates, determinants and clinical implications. For this purpose, a total of 16 articles published in the last ten years are selected. After the corresponding review, it can be seen that dissociation is postulated as a diverse phenomenon in BPD, which may reflect the disorder’s own heterogeneity, as well as help to deepen in it. Furthermore, this dissociative experience is a different manifestation than that present in other disorders, such as dissociative identity disorder (DID). In BPD, there is a clear link between two of its central symptoms, identity alteration and emotional regulation deficits, and dissociation. In addition, experiences of childhood trauma are postulated as powerful predictors of the presence of these dissociative symptoms. Therefore, the presence and severity of dissociative experiences, as well as traumatic ones, means an increase in the severity of the borderline condition. What has been mentioned so far, has numerous clinical implications. Specifically, with regard to treatment, the need to evaluate the presentation of dissociation in each borderline patient is set out, in order to adapt the intervention to the demands and optimize the therapeutic response.
Direction
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Tutorships)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Tutorships)
Court
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
GOMEZ FRAGUELA, Xosé Antón (Secretary)
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
GOMEZ FRAGUELA, Xosé Antón (Secretary)
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Cannabis and psychosis: Cannabis as a risk factor for the development of psychotic experiences and psychotic disorder.
Authorship
X.D.L.
Psychology
X.D.L.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Cannabis is one of the most widely use recreational drugs in the world, and epidemiological studies have established a link between cannabis use and psychosis. In the present review, cannabis use is studied as a risk factor for the development of psychotic experiences or a psychotic disorder, taking into account different modulating variables. For this purpose, a systematic search was carried out in the PsycInfo and PubMed databases, from which a total of 13 articles were selected in accordance with the subject matter addressed. In view of the results, most of the studies consider cannabis as a risk factor for the development of psychosis, even after adjustment for different extraneous variables. Among the most influential variables in the cannabis-psychosis relationships are the different patterns of cannabis use, highlighting daily and high-potency cannabis consumption as a factor increasing the chances of developing psychosis; and the early onset of consumption, emphasising adolescence as a stage of vulnerability for the onset of psychotic experiences. However, a causal relationship between cannabis use and the onset of psychotic phenomena cannot be confirmed. Due to the heterogeneity of definitions of psychosis and the variability in the measurement of cannabis use, it’s very difficult to provide robust conclusions about the association between cannabis and psychosis. For the future, it’s relevant to continue research in this area in order to improve the measurement of cannabis use, as well as to raise awareness of the dangers of these substances on mental health.
Cannabis is one of the most widely use recreational drugs in the world, and epidemiological studies have established a link between cannabis use and psychosis. In the present review, cannabis use is studied as a risk factor for the development of psychotic experiences or a psychotic disorder, taking into account different modulating variables. For this purpose, a systematic search was carried out in the PsycInfo and PubMed databases, from which a total of 13 articles were selected in accordance with the subject matter addressed. In view of the results, most of the studies consider cannabis as a risk factor for the development of psychosis, even after adjustment for different extraneous variables. Among the most influential variables in the cannabis-psychosis relationships are the different patterns of cannabis use, highlighting daily and high-potency cannabis consumption as a factor increasing the chances of developing psychosis; and the early onset of consumption, emphasising adolescence as a stage of vulnerability for the onset of psychotic experiences. However, a causal relationship between cannabis use and the onset of psychotic phenomena cannot be confirmed. Due to the heterogeneity of definitions of psychosis and the variability in the measurement of cannabis use, it’s very difficult to provide robust conclusions about the association between cannabis and psychosis. For the future, it’s relevant to continue research in this area in order to improve the measurement of cannabis use, as well as to raise awareness of the dangers of these substances on mental health.
Direction
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Tutorships)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Tutorships)
Court
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ESMORIS ARRANZ, FRANCISCO JOSE (Secretary)
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Member)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ESMORIS ARRANZ, FRANCISCO JOSE (Secretary)
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Member)
Dating violence in adolescents: behaviors, reasons and reactions.
Authorship
P.B.G.
Psychology
P.B.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
This study analyzes intimate partner violence in adolescents with the aim of determining its prevalence, as well as the reasons that lead to it and the subsequent reactions. A sample of 217 schooled adolescents (93 males and 124 females) aged between 14 and 18 years was used for this purpose. It was applied to all participants the Questionnaire to assess abuse in dating relationships in adolescents (CARPA), their reasons and reactions (Calvete et al., 2021). The results show that psychological violence is the most frequent in dating relationships between adolescents, followed by physical and sexual violence. Comparing men and women, the main findings are that: a) both men and women engage in violent behaviors in their relationships, that is, there is bidirectionality in relationship violence (face-to-face and online); b) men carry out more serious psychological and sexual violence and women carry out milder acts of violence; c) the main causes of violence are, for both men and women, anger, jealousy, wanting to control the behavior of the partner, showing love, understanding that aggression is a consensual game and, reacting to a previous aggression; and men also mention the loss of control due to drug use. These results highlight the importance of developing preventive and interventive strategies to eliminate violence in dating relationships in adolescents with the aim of avoid the serious personal and social consequences that it causes.
This study analyzes intimate partner violence in adolescents with the aim of determining its prevalence, as well as the reasons that lead to it and the subsequent reactions. A sample of 217 schooled adolescents (93 males and 124 females) aged between 14 and 18 years was used for this purpose. It was applied to all participants the Questionnaire to assess abuse in dating relationships in adolescents (CARPA), their reasons and reactions (Calvete et al., 2021). The results show that psychological violence is the most frequent in dating relationships between adolescents, followed by physical and sexual violence. Comparing men and women, the main findings are that: a) both men and women engage in violent behaviors in their relationships, that is, there is bidirectionality in relationship violence (face-to-face and online); b) men carry out more serious psychological and sexual violence and women carry out milder acts of violence; c) the main causes of violence are, for both men and women, anger, jealousy, wanting to control the behavior of the partner, showing love, understanding that aggression is a consensual game and, reacting to a previous aggression; and men also mention the loss of control due to drug use. These results highlight the importance of developing preventive and interventive strategies to eliminate violence in dating relationships in adolescents with the aim of avoid the serious personal and social consequences that it causes.
Direction
Mirón Redondo, María Lourdes (Tutorships)
Mirón Redondo, María Lourdes (Tutorships)
Court
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Chairman)
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Secretary)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Member)
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Chairman)
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Secretary)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Member)
Measurement of student satisfaction with the mobility programs of the University of Santiago de Compostela
Authorship
S.M.F.
Psychology
S.M.F.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 11:00
07.08.2024 11:00
Summary
In today's challenging world for any organization, offering a quality service to customers can make the difference compared to other options in the market. Thus, educational institutions are not left out of these demands, and must also adapt to the changes. For this reason, understanding quality as user satisfaction, i.e., how the perception of the service is in line with the expectations of the user, can allow us to know where to improve. So, the main objective of this study is to check the satisfaction of university students with the intercenter mobility service, which includes the Erasmus, Sicue and Bilateral Agreement programs. . For this purpose, the SERVQUAL questionnaire was used to measure the quality of service in five basic dimensions: tangibility, security, responsiveness, empathy and reliability. Analysis of the results revealed that expectations exceeded perceptions as a general rule, and more specifically in the sections on reliability. This indicates a general dissatisfaction with the mobility service, which could have repercussions not only on the level of student participation in future editions, but also on the academic performance of the students and the brand image of the university itself. In order to remedy this, several measures are proposed for each of the dimensions in particular and measures for the service in general
In today's challenging world for any organization, offering a quality service to customers can make the difference compared to other options in the market. Thus, educational institutions are not left out of these demands, and must also adapt to the changes. For this reason, understanding quality as user satisfaction, i.e., how the perception of the service is in line with the expectations of the user, can allow us to know where to improve. So, the main objective of this study is to check the satisfaction of university students with the intercenter mobility service, which includes the Erasmus, Sicue and Bilateral Agreement programs. . For this purpose, the SERVQUAL questionnaire was used to measure the quality of service in five basic dimensions: tangibility, security, responsiveness, empathy and reliability. Analysis of the results revealed that expectations exceeded perceptions as a general rule, and more specifically in the sections on reliability. This indicates a general dissatisfaction with the mobility service, which could have repercussions not only on the level of student participation in future editions, but also on the academic performance of the students and the brand image of the university itself. In order to remedy this, several measures are proposed for each of the dimensions in particular and measures for the service in general
Direction
VARELA MALLOU, JESUS (Tutorships)
VARELA MALLOU, JESUS (Tutorships)
Court
VARELA MALLOU, JESUS (Student’s tutor)
VARELA MALLOU, JESUS (Student’s tutor)
Introversion and Negotiation: An Analysis through Game Theory
Authorship
L.F.P.
Psychology
L.F.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:30
07.15.2024 10:30
Summary
Conflict is an inherent characteristic of human relationships, so it’s important to manage it properly. Negotiation is a process in which two parties discuss their interests with the goal of reaching an agreement, so negotiation can be an effective tool for conflict resolution. At this point, individual differences can influence the way conflicts are approached and resolved. For example, personality can affect negotiation strategies and results. Therefore, the main goal of this Final Degree Project is to explore the differences between introverted and extraverted people in their negotiation performance. For that purpose, an Ultimatum Game adaptation was conducted, in which 417 participants answered three rounds of offers: an unfair offer, an asymmetrical offer and a symmetrical offer. The results reveal the existence of statistically significant differences in the unfair offer. Specifically, introverted individuals displayed a greater justice and inequity sensitivity. However, no differences were found in the asymmetrical and symmetrical offers. These findings are important because they suggest that personality traits influence decision-making in a negotiation context, more specifically, in unfair perceived scenarios. Nevertheless, it is important to mention that these conclusions should be interpreted with caution, due to limitations of the study.
Conflict is an inherent characteristic of human relationships, so it’s important to manage it properly. Negotiation is a process in which two parties discuss their interests with the goal of reaching an agreement, so negotiation can be an effective tool for conflict resolution. At this point, individual differences can influence the way conflicts are approached and resolved. For example, personality can affect negotiation strategies and results. Therefore, the main goal of this Final Degree Project is to explore the differences between introverted and extraverted people in their negotiation performance. For that purpose, an Ultimatum Game adaptation was conducted, in which 417 participants answered three rounds of offers: an unfair offer, an asymmetrical offer and a symmetrical offer. The results reveal the existence of statistically significant differences in the unfair offer. Specifically, introverted individuals displayed a greater justice and inequity sensitivity. However, no differences were found in the asymmetrical and symmetrical offers. These findings are important because they suggest that personality traits influence decision-making in a negotiation context, more specifically, in unfair perceived scenarios. Nevertheless, it is important to mention that these conclusions should be interpreted with caution, due to limitations of the study.
Direction
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Tutorships)
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Tutorships)
Court
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
DONO MARTIN, MARCOS (Member)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
DONO MARTIN, MARCOS (Member)
Comparative study of the psychological profile, decisional and anxiety levels of Brazilian and Spanish martial artists.
Authorship
M.D.C.F.
Psychology
M.D.C.F.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 10:00
07.08.2024 10:00
Summary
The objective of this work is to compare the psychological and decisional profiles between samples of Brazilian and Spanish martial artists, as well as to compare their levels of anxiety and self-confidence. A total of 77 martial arts practitioners participated, with 37 from Brazil and 39 from Spain, encompassing various ages, experiences, and categories. To gather the necessary information, three questionnaires adapted into Spanish and Portuguese were used: the TOPS-3 (Thomas et al., 1999), the CETD (Ruíz et al., 1998), and the CSAI-2R (Cox et al., 2003). Additionally, the possible relationships between the components evaluated were explored. The results indicate that the Brazilian sample shows a greater capacity for goal setting and decisional initiative. However, they also exhibit higher levels of anxiety and thoughts of failure. Despite this, Brazilian martial artists show an adequate adaptation to stress by effectively managing their emotions. On the other hand, Spanish martial artists stood out for having better attentional focus and resistance to external variables, as well as a better correlational index. This suggests optimal utilization of the studied components, including better attention management and less influence from external factors on their performance. In summary, the differences found between the Brazilian and Spanish samples highlight the influence of the cultural variable on the psychological and decisional profiles of martial arts practitioners, as well as on their levels of anxiety and self-confidence.
The objective of this work is to compare the psychological and decisional profiles between samples of Brazilian and Spanish martial artists, as well as to compare their levels of anxiety and self-confidence. A total of 77 martial arts practitioners participated, with 37 from Brazil and 39 from Spain, encompassing various ages, experiences, and categories. To gather the necessary information, three questionnaires adapted into Spanish and Portuguese were used: the TOPS-3 (Thomas et al., 1999), the CETD (Ruíz et al., 1998), and the CSAI-2R (Cox et al., 2003). Additionally, the possible relationships between the components evaluated were explored. The results indicate that the Brazilian sample shows a greater capacity for goal setting and decisional initiative. However, they also exhibit higher levels of anxiety and thoughts of failure. Despite this, Brazilian martial artists show an adequate adaptation to stress by effectively managing their emotions. On the other hand, Spanish martial artists stood out for having better attentional focus and resistance to external variables, as well as a better correlational index. This suggests optimal utilization of the studied components, including better attention management and less influence from external factors on their performance. In summary, the differences found between the Brazilian and Spanish samples highlight the influence of the cultural variable on the psychological and decisional profiles of martial arts practitioners, as well as on their levels of anxiety and self-confidence.
Direction
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Tutorships)
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Tutorships)
Court
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Student’s tutor)
Ponte Fernández, Dolores (Student’s tutor)
The Nocebo Effect in Depression. Implications for Treatment: A Literature Review.
Authorship
M.G.A.
Psychology
M.G.A.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
The study of the nocebo effect in the context of depression is still a little understood field. In the last decade, the discovery of its implications in worsening treatment adherence and reducing the well-being of this group of patients has led clinicians and researchers to demand further investigation into the study of this phenomenon. The purpose of this review is to gather and evaluate the main findings regarding the presence of this nocebo effect in the treatment of depression, as well as its explanatory factors and manifestations. After analysing the results, it is concluded that the presence of the nocebo effect is notable both in research and in clinical practice. Although health professionals currently have data which allows them to improve the prognosis of their treatments for depression, further testing of the explanatory hypotheses is needed, as there is still a long way to go in terms of a complete understanding.
The study of the nocebo effect in the context of depression is still a little understood field. In the last decade, the discovery of its implications in worsening treatment adherence and reducing the well-being of this group of patients has led clinicians and researchers to demand further investigation into the study of this phenomenon. The purpose of this review is to gather and evaluate the main findings regarding the presence of this nocebo effect in the treatment of depression, as well as its explanatory factors and manifestations. After analysing the results, it is concluded that the presence of the nocebo effect is notable both in research and in clinical practice. Although health professionals currently have data which allows them to improve the prognosis of their treatments for depression, further testing of the explanatory hypotheses is needed, as there is still a long way to go in terms of a complete understanding.
Direction
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Tutorships)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Tutorships)
Court
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Chairman)
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Secretary)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Member)
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Chairman)
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Secretary)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Member)
Biomarker search using functional magnetic resonance imaging in ADHD
Authorship
A.C.P.
Psychology
A.C.P.
Psychology
Defense date
09.10.2024 10:00
09.10.2024 10:00
Summary
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by deficits in attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. It affects people of all ages, but begins in childhood and globally affects around 5.3% of the population, reaching 6.8% in Spain. Although progress has been made in the neurobiological understanding of ADHD, its diagnosis is still based on subjective clinical criteria, which leads to problems of both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis. This paper reviews the literature of the last ten years on activation and differential connectivity between ADHD and neurotypical individuals using the neuroimaging technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The studies reviewed have revealed differences in activation and connectivity between groups in frontal, striatal, temporal and limbic regions. These findings suggest that ADHD is associated with specific alterations in brain activity and communication between brain regions involved in the regulation of cognitive control and response inhibition. However, methodological discrepancies between studies highlight the need for future research to standardise methods to generalise these findings to clinical and educational contexts.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by deficits in attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. It affects people of all ages, but begins in childhood and globally affects around 5.3% of the population, reaching 6.8% in Spain. Although progress has been made in the neurobiological understanding of ADHD, its diagnosis is still based on subjective clinical criteria, which leads to problems of both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis. This paper reviews the literature of the last ten years on activation and differential connectivity between ADHD and neurotypical individuals using the neuroimaging technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The studies reviewed have revealed differences in activation and connectivity between groups in frontal, striatal, temporal and limbic regions. These findings suggest that ADHD is associated with specific alterations in brain activity and communication between brain regions involved in the regulation of cognitive control and response inhibition. However, methodological discrepancies between studies highlight the need for future research to standardise methods to generalise these findings to clinical and educational contexts.
Direction
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Tutorships)
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Tutorships)
Court
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Student’s tutor)
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Student’s tutor)
Comparison of the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and EMDR for treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authorship
B.A.T.
Psychology
B.A.T.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 12:30
07.09.2024 12:30
Summary
This systematic review compares the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It was conducted an exhaustive search in PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until February 2024, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated CBT and EMDR for PTSD. Studies comparing CBT and EMDR show no significant differences in overall efficacy for reducing PTSD symptoms. EMDR demonstrated a faster reduction in symptoms and greater efficiency in trauma processing time. Both therapies were effective in reducing comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety. Therefore, CBT and EMDR are both viable treatments for PTSD, with EMDR offering some advantages in speed and efficiency. The choice of therapy should consider patient preferences, therapist availability and specific clinical settings.
This systematic review compares the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It was conducted an exhaustive search in PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until February 2024, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated CBT and EMDR for PTSD. Studies comparing CBT and EMDR show no significant differences in overall efficacy for reducing PTSD symptoms. EMDR demonstrated a faster reduction in symptoms and greater efficiency in trauma processing time. Both therapies were effective in reducing comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety. Therefore, CBT and EMDR are both viable treatments for PTSD, with EMDR offering some advantages in speed and efficiency. The choice of therapy should consider patient preferences, therapist availability and specific clinical settings.
Direction
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Tutorships)
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Chairman)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Secretary)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Member)
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Chairman)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Secretary)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Member)
Perceived social support (ASP): sex and age differences during adolescence.
Authorship
A.M.O.
Psychology
A.M.O.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:30
07.15.2024 10:30
Summary
In this Final Degree Project we have tried to study the differences in the perceptions of social support in adolescents according to age groups and sex. The beginning of the study of social support (SA) dates back to the 70s, having sparked the interest of the research community due to its great protective and optimizing effect on the development and well-being of individuals. Specifically, it seems accurate to assume that it is the perception of this availability (i.e., perceived social support, ASP), the dimension of support most closely related to these protective effects. Given the transitional nature of adolescence, the study of AS as a facilitating dimension of key adjustment acquires special relevance. From a functional perspective, the study of the provisions of emotional, informational and autonomy support stands out. On the other hand, family, peers and teachers are especially relevant sources of support during this evolutionary period. In order to explore potential differences based on age and sex in the perceptions of the aforementioned provisions and sources, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 375 adolescents. The data collected were subjected to statistical verification, which allowed us to partially confirm the proposed hypotheses. Thus, significant differences were found between women and men, with the latter reporting higher perceptions. On the other hand, differences were observed according to the age of the participants, so that students in the first year perceive greater support from their families and teachers, while those in the fourth year tend to find a greater amount of support from their peers.
In this Final Degree Project we have tried to study the differences in the perceptions of social support in adolescents according to age groups and sex. The beginning of the study of social support (SA) dates back to the 70s, having sparked the interest of the research community due to its great protective and optimizing effect on the development and well-being of individuals. Specifically, it seems accurate to assume that it is the perception of this availability (i.e., perceived social support, ASP), the dimension of support most closely related to these protective effects. Given the transitional nature of adolescence, the study of AS as a facilitating dimension of key adjustment acquires special relevance. From a functional perspective, the study of the provisions of emotional, informational and autonomy support stands out. On the other hand, family, peers and teachers are especially relevant sources of support during this evolutionary period. In order to explore potential differences based on age and sex in the perceptions of the aforementioned provisions and sources, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 375 adolescents. The data collected were subjected to statistical verification, which allowed us to partially confirm the proposed hypotheses. Thus, significant differences were found between women and men, with the latter reporting higher perceptions. On the other hand, differences were observed according to the age of the participants, so that students in the first year perceive greater support from their families and teachers, while those in the fourth year tend to find a greater amount of support from their peers.
Direction
VILLAR GARCIA, EVA (Tutorships)
VILLAR GARCIA, EVA (Tutorships)
Court
VILLAR GARCIA, EVA (Student’s tutor)
VILLAR GARCIA, EVA (Student’s tutor)
Best practices indicators in workplace mental health promotion: Development and validation by experts
Authorship
A.H.C.
Psychology
A.H.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Most of our waking time is spent in the workplace, where mental health has been shown to have a significant impact on the quality of life and well-being of workers. Mental health can have positive and/or negative consequences for the working population, but also for organizations and society. In this context, best practices in Workplace Mental Health Promotion constitute a key element to guidance and implementation of initiatives and interventions aimed at improving mental health in the workplace. The main objective of this work is to develop and validate indicators of good practice in WMHP. For this purpose, a qualitative empirical design was followed. Based on a literature review of the literature on WMHP, a list of indicators was drawn up and submitted to the judgement of an expert panel review. An analysis of the reliability of the expert’s judgement was carried out using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The content validity of the indicators resulting from the panel was analysed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the modified Kappa statistic (K*). As a result, 27 validated and evidence-based indicators were obtained, which showed consistency with the results of previous initiatives and research. These results have important theoretical and practical implications, and can inform future research and guide practitioners and organizations in WMHP practice.
Most of our waking time is spent in the workplace, where mental health has been shown to have a significant impact on the quality of life and well-being of workers. Mental health can have positive and/or negative consequences for the working population, but also for organizations and society. In this context, best practices in Workplace Mental Health Promotion constitute a key element to guidance and implementation of initiatives and interventions aimed at improving mental health in the workplace. The main objective of this work is to develop and validate indicators of good practice in WMHP. For this purpose, a qualitative empirical design was followed. Based on a literature review of the literature on WMHP, a list of indicators was drawn up and submitted to the judgement of an expert panel review. An analysis of the reliability of the expert’s judgement was carried out using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The content validity of the indicators resulting from the panel was analysed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the modified Kappa statistic (K*). As a result, 27 validated and evidence-based indicators were obtained, which showed consistency with the results of previous initiatives and research. These results have important theoretical and practical implications, and can inform future research and guide practitioners and organizations in WMHP practice.
Direction
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Tutorships)
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Chairman)
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Secretary)
MARTINEZ VISPO, CARMELA (Member)
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Chairman)
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Secretary)
MARTINEZ VISPO, CARMELA (Member)
The gaze that reveals: exploring the impact of lack of empathy on emotional recognition with eye tracking.
Authorship
A.L.G.
Psychology
A.L.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
This study focuses on exploring the relationship between callous-unemotional (CU) traits, empathy, and emotional recognition in children. Based on the premise that CU traits may influence how children process and understand others' emotions, it was hypothesized that those with elevated CU traits would show lower levels of empathy and poorer performance in the emotional recognition task. Additionally, differences in eye-tracking patterns between children with different levels of CU traits when faced with various emotions were suggested. To address these hypotheses, descriptive analyses, T-tests, and repeated measures ANOVA were used on the collected data. The results revealed that while there were no significant gender differences, there were disparities in empathy levels and accuracy in emotional recognition between high and low CU groups. Furthermore, specific eye-tracking patterns associated with different emotions were identified, suggesting an influence of CU traits on how children process emotional information. These findings underscore the importance of considering CU traits in children's socioemotional development and support the need for early interventions to foster healthy socioemotional skills in those with elevated CU traits. Additionally, they contribute to expanding our understanding of how these traits may impact emotion perception and understanding in childhood.
This study focuses on exploring the relationship between callous-unemotional (CU) traits, empathy, and emotional recognition in children. Based on the premise that CU traits may influence how children process and understand others' emotions, it was hypothesized that those with elevated CU traits would show lower levels of empathy and poorer performance in the emotional recognition task. Additionally, differences in eye-tracking patterns between children with different levels of CU traits when faced with various emotions were suggested. To address these hypotheses, descriptive analyses, T-tests, and repeated measures ANOVA were used on the collected data. The results revealed that while there were no significant gender differences, there were disparities in empathy levels and accuracy in emotional recognition between high and low CU groups. Furthermore, specific eye-tracking patterns associated with different emotions were identified, suggesting an influence of CU traits on how children process emotional information. These findings underscore the importance of considering CU traits in children's socioemotional development and support the need for early interventions to foster healthy socioemotional skills in those with elevated CU traits. Additionally, they contribute to expanding our understanding of how these traits may impact emotion perception and understanding in childhood.
Direction
LOPEZ ROMERO, MARÍA LAURA (Tutorships)
LOPEZ ROMERO, MARÍA LAURA (Tutorships)
Court
FERNÁNDEZ REY, JOSÉ (Chairman)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Secretary)
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Member)
FERNÁNDEZ REY, JOSÉ (Chairman)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Secretary)
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Member)
The inhibition of FAAH and the preclinic anxiety behaviours
Authorship
C.V.G.
Psychology
C.V.G.
Psychology
Defense date
09.10.2024 12:00
09.10.2024 12:00
Summary
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent type of mental health concern, both at national and international levels (Subdirección General de Información Sanitaria, 2021) and has a significant lifetime prevalence (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2015). This highlights the importance of researching therapies that improve remission rates. One of the current lines of research points towards the endocannabinoid system as it regulates key processes in stress responses, more specifically, the inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hidrolase [FAAH]), (Hill et al., 2023) Taking this into account, a systematic literature review was carried out to explore how FAAH inhibition can modulate anxious behaviours caused by stressors on animal models. The conclusions of this work are that the inhibition of FAAH is successful at a preclinical level, a promising qualitative step forward into clinical research. However, more research is needed to determine the factors influencing the treatment regarding pharmacological development.
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent type of mental health concern, both at national and international levels (Subdirección General de Información Sanitaria, 2021) and has a significant lifetime prevalence (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2015). This highlights the importance of researching therapies that improve remission rates. One of the current lines of research points towards the endocannabinoid system as it regulates key processes in stress responses, more specifically, the inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hidrolase [FAAH]), (Hill et al., 2023) Taking this into account, a systematic literature review was carried out to explore how FAAH inhibition can modulate anxious behaviours caused by stressors on animal models. The conclusions of this work are that the inhibition of FAAH is successful at a preclinical level, a promising qualitative step forward into clinical research. However, more research is needed to determine the factors influencing the treatment regarding pharmacological development.
Direction
LOSADA VAZQUEZ, MARIA CONCEPCION (Tutorships)
LOSADA VAZQUEZ, MARIA CONCEPCION (Tutorships)
Court
LOSADA VAZQUEZ, MARIA CONCEPCION (Student’s tutor)
LOSADA VAZQUEZ, MARIA CONCEPCION (Student’s tutor)
Emotional Stroop task in eating disorders
Authorship
A.R.V.
Psychology
A.R.V.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
People with eating disorders are characterized by a severely altered pattern of eating and excessive concern about weight and body shape. The emotional Stroop task analyzes how patients process and respond to stimuli related to food and the body, measuring the time it takes for subjects to name the color in which emotional words are written compared to neutral words. This test helps to identify cognitive biases that can cause the maintenance of eating disorders and to know their possible causes. This is why the main objective of this work is to know the differences found in this task between people who have this type of disorder and those who do not, and also to know if the different ways of applying it affect the results obtained. To do this, a search was carried out in various sources, obtaining a total of 10 articles that were included in the review. The main results found in these studies were that people who suffer from an eating disorder take longer to name color of words related to the body and food tan those who do not have the disorder. Furthermore, each study applied it in different ways, wether using different targets or control words, presenting it on a computer or on paper, using different amounts of words… Despite these modifications, the results remained relatively similar in most cases.
People with eating disorders are characterized by a severely altered pattern of eating and excessive concern about weight and body shape. The emotional Stroop task analyzes how patients process and respond to stimuli related to food and the body, measuring the time it takes for subjects to name the color in which emotional words are written compared to neutral words. This test helps to identify cognitive biases that can cause the maintenance of eating disorders and to know their possible causes. This is why the main objective of this work is to know the differences found in this task between people who have this type of disorder and those who do not, and also to know if the different ways of applying it affect the results obtained. To do this, a search was carried out in various sources, obtaining a total of 10 articles that were included in the review. The main results found in these studies were that people who suffer from an eating disorder take longer to name color of words related to the body and food tan those who do not have the disorder. Furthermore, each study applied it in different ways, wether using different targets or control words, presenting it on a computer or on paper, using different amounts of words… Despite these modifications, the results remained relatively similar in most cases.
Direction
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Tutorships)
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Chairman)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Secretary)
Míguez Varela, María del Carmen (Member)
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Chairman)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Secretary)
Míguez Varela, María del Carmen (Member)
Influence of physical activity on physical self-concept and body image of adolescents and young adults.
Authorship
S.B.P.
Psychology
S.B.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 13:00
07.15.2024 13:00
Summary
The main objective of this research is to explore the type of physical activity performed, as well as to study the relationship between physical activity, physical self-concept and body image. A total of 384 women and men between 14 and 22 years of age participated and were administered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). A complex prospective expost-facto prospective design was used, analyzing the data by means of Pearson bivariate correlations and mean comparison tests (t-test for two independent samples). The results showed that there is no relationship between physical activity and the constructs studied for the sample in general; on the other hand, for women and adolescents it does correlate with physical ability, physical condition and strength. In addition, the participants perform walking more frequently. As for males, they have higher scores in moderate physical activity, walking, total physical activity and in all subscales of the CAF showing significant differences in Strength, General physical self-concept and General self-concept. Women scored higher and there were significant differences in body image dissatisfaction. With respect to age, physical activity scores differ for adolescents and young adults. In physical self-concept, adolescents score higher in all subscales showing significant differences in body image dissatisfaction In physical self-concept, adolescents scored better in all subscales showing significant differences in Physical Ability, Physical Condition, Physical Attractiveness, Strength and General Physical Self-Concept. Finally, higher scores and significant differences were found in body dissatisfaction by young people.
The main objective of this research is to explore the type of physical activity performed, as well as to study the relationship between physical activity, physical self-concept and body image. A total of 384 women and men between 14 and 22 years of age participated and were administered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). A complex prospective expost-facto prospective design was used, analyzing the data by means of Pearson bivariate correlations and mean comparison tests (t-test for two independent samples). The results showed that there is no relationship between physical activity and the constructs studied for the sample in general; on the other hand, for women and adolescents it does correlate with physical ability, physical condition and strength. In addition, the participants perform walking more frequently. As for males, they have higher scores in moderate physical activity, walking, total physical activity and in all subscales of the CAF showing significant differences in Strength, General physical self-concept and General self-concept. Women scored higher and there were significant differences in body image dissatisfaction. With respect to age, physical activity scores differ for adolescents and young adults. In physical self-concept, adolescents score higher in all subscales showing significant differences in body image dissatisfaction In physical self-concept, adolescents scored better in all subscales showing significant differences in Physical Ability, Physical Condition, Physical Attractiveness, Strength and General Physical Self-Concept. Finally, higher scores and significant differences were found in body dissatisfaction by young people.
Direction
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Tutorships)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Tutorships)
Court
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Student’s tutor)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Student’s tutor)
Relationship between social media use and self-esteem and anxiety in young people
Authorship
A.V.C.G.
Psychology
A.V.C.G.
Psychology
Defense date
09.10.2024 10:30
09.10.2024 10:30
Summary
Technological advances in recent years have revolutionized the way in which humans communicate, especially social networking sites. Social networks are characterized by their ease of response, speed and accessibility, which facilitate the activities of daily life. However, excessive use of social networks can generate addictive behaviors in their users, with young people and adolescents being a special risk group. The fundamental objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the use of social networks with self-esteem and anxiety. To do this, a battery of tests was administered to a sample of 268 Galician undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students (Md= 21, M= 23.26, SD= 6.889). The results suggest that there is a statistically significant relationship between addiction to social networks and anxiety, so the more addiction to social networks, the greater the anxiety. However, no significant negative relationship was found between addiction to social networks and self-esteem. It should be noted that the results of this study are based on previous research on the use of social networks and their consequences at a psychological and social level. Additionally, the limitations of the project are presented, as well as suggestions for future research.
Technological advances in recent years have revolutionized the way in which humans communicate, especially social networking sites. Social networks are characterized by their ease of response, speed and accessibility, which facilitate the activities of daily life. However, excessive use of social networks can generate addictive behaviors in their users, with young people and adolescents being a special risk group. The fundamental objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the use of social networks with self-esteem and anxiety. To do this, a battery of tests was administered to a sample of 268 Galician undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students (Md= 21, M= 23.26, SD= 6.889). The results suggest that there is a statistically significant relationship between addiction to social networks and anxiety, so the more addiction to social networks, the greater the anxiety. However, no significant negative relationship was found between addiction to social networks and self-esteem. It should be noted that the results of this study are based on previous research on the use of social networks and their consequences at a psychological and social level. Additionally, the limitations of the project are presented, as well as suggestions for future research.
Direction
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Tutorships)
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Tutorships)
Court
Vazquez Rodriguez, Maria Isabel (Chairman)
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Secretary)
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Member)
Vazquez Rodriguez, Maria Isabel (Chairman)
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Secretary)
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Member)
Prevention of eating disorders (ED) in adolescence
Authorship
M.A.I.
Psychology
M.A.I.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Currently, eating disorders (ED) have become one of the most common pathologies among adolescents, and their treatment and prevention are necessary due to the high prevalence and serious consequences they entail. Thus, the aim of the present literature review is to evaluate the efficacy of ED prevention programs in the adolescent population. An exhaustive search was carried out in various scientific databases and, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were selected. The results detail the sample of each research, the key elements of the various programs reviewed and the main effects observed. Preventive interventions have been shown to improve body image and self-esteem, as well as reduce disordered eating behavior. However, adherence rates and continuity of long-term effects were found to vary across the different studies reviewed. Finally, the results found are discussed, as well as the limitations of the work, highlighting the need for further research on the long-term efficacy of these programs.
Currently, eating disorders (ED) have become one of the most common pathologies among adolescents, and their treatment and prevention are necessary due to the high prevalence and serious consequences they entail. Thus, the aim of the present literature review is to evaluate the efficacy of ED prevention programs in the adolescent population. An exhaustive search was carried out in various scientific databases and, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were selected. The results detail the sample of each research, the key elements of the various programs reviewed and the main effects observed. Preventive interventions have been shown to improve body image and self-esteem, as well as reduce disordered eating behavior. However, adherence rates and continuity of long-term effects were found to vary across the different studies reviewed. Finally, the results found are discussed, as well as the limitations of the work, highlighting the need for further research on the long-term efficacy of these programs.
Direction
CUTRIN MOSTEIRO, OLALLA (Tutorships)
CUTRIN MOSTEIRO, OLALLA (Tutorships)
Court
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Chairman)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Secretary)
LOPEZ ROMERO, MARÍA LAURA (Member)
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Chairman)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Secretary)
LOPEZ ROMERO, MARÍA LAURA (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
L.C.T.
Psychology
L.C.T.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 10:00
07.08.2024 10:00
Summary
The advent of new technologies and platforms, such as social media, has transformed people's lives by providing an innovative means of communication and interaction. Despite the multiple benefits they offer, such as constant connection, access to information and a new form of entertainment, there are also adverse effects derived from their inappropriate use, most notably FoMO (Fear of Missing Out). This paper explores the relationship between FoMO and the use of social networks, as well as possible gender differences. It also investigates the link between FoMO and other phenomena derived from the use of new technologies, such as nomophobia, as well as its relationship with anxiety, self-esteem and the need to belong, using a psychosocial approach. The study was carried out with a sample of 200 undergraduate students of Psychology at the University of Santiago de Compostela, including both men and women. The results revealed a significant correlation between FoMO and the problematic use of social networks and mobile devices. In addition, a relationship was observed between the need to belong, FoMO and the risk of developing problematic use of these platforms, as the search for social connection and validation can lead to excessive use.
The advent of new technologies and platforms, such as social media, has transformed people's lives by providing an innovative means of communication and interaction. Despite the multiple benefits they offer, such as constant connection, access to information and a new form of entertainment, there are also adverse effects derived from their inappropriate use, most notably FoMO (Fear of Missing Out). This paper explores the relationship between FoMO and the use of social networks, as well as possible gender differences. It also investigates the link between FoMO and other phenomena derived from the use of new technologies, such as nomophobia, as well as its relationship with anxiety, self-esteem and the need to belong, using a psychosocial approach. The study was carried out with a sample of 200 undergraduate students of Psychology at the University of Santiago de Compostela, including both men and women. The results revealed a significant correlation between FoMO and the problematic use of social networks and mobile devices. In addition, a relationship was observed between the need to belong, FoMO and the risk of developing problematic use of these platforms, as the search for social connection and validation can lead to excessive use.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Student’s tutor)
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Student’s tutor)
Perceived stress in rural and urban populations: Stressors and differences in the population
Authorship
I.A.B.
Psychology
I.A.B.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
This research seeks to discern whether rural environments, considered more natural spaces than urban environments, are associated with lower levels of stress in their inhabitants. Participants were 383 residents of Galicia (71.3% women) with a mean age of 27.15 (SD = 11.14). The variables assessed were perceived stress, connectivity with nature, attachment to place, perceived opportunities, age and gender. Descriptive, correlational, mean comparisons and linear regression analyses were performed. Results showed similar levels of stress in both environments. Although no significant differences were found in stress levels in rural and urban areas, differences were observed in other variables. Rural residents presented greater connectivity with nature, while the perception of opportunities was higher in urban settings. In addition, significant correlations were found in rural settings between perceived stress and age and gender (being higher in women and young people). In urban settings, perceived stress correlated negatively with place attachment and age (r = -.210). Linear regression analysis showed that the study variables explain 19.2% of the variance of stress in rural populations, compared to 8.8% in urban populations. These findings suggest that stress is a multi-causal phenomenon influenced by several factors, and that the physical characteristics of the Galician topography could explain the lack of significant differences in stress levels between urban and rural areas.
This research seeks to discern whether rural environments, considered more natural spaces than urban environments, are associated with lower levels of stress in their inhabitants. Participants were 383 residents of Galicia (71.3% women) with a mean age of 27.15 (SD = 11.14). The variables assessed were perceived stress, connectivity with nature, attachment to place, perceived opportunities, age and gender. Descriptive, correlational, mean comparisons and linear regression analyses were performed. Results showed similar levels of stress in both environments. Although no significant differences were found in stress levels in rural and urban areas, differences were observed in other variables. Rural residents presented greater connectivity with nature, while the perception of opportunities was higher in urban settings. In addition, significant correlations were found in rural settings between perceived stress and age and gender (being higher in women and young people). In urban settings, perceived stress correlated negatively with place attachment and age (r = -.210). Linear regression analysis showed that the study variables explain 19.2% of the variance of stress in rural populations, compared to 8.8% in urban populations. These findings suggest that stress is a multi-causal phenomenon influenced by several factors, and that the physical characteristics of the Galician topography could explain the lack of significant differences in stress levels between urban and rural areas.
Direction
Gómez Roman, Cristina (Tutorships)
Gómez Roman, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Chairman)
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Secretary)
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Member)
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Chairman)
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Secretary)
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Member)
Effect of Format on Response Style in Likert Scales
Authorship
A.C.A.O.
Psychology
A.C.A.O.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:00
07.15.2024 10:00
Summary
The present academic work focuses on analyzing the impact of format in response style in Likert-type scales. The main findings indicate that fully labeling response categories reduces the incidence of extreme responses and increases acquiescence compared to partial labeling. Additionally, it was found that scales with fewer than four categories tend to increase the extreme response style, while increasing the number of categories can reduce such responses. The presence of a midpoint in the scale can decrease extreme responses and increase acquiescence, although its impact varies depending on the study. Another relevant aspect is the layout of the response categories. It was observed that a vertical layout of the categories on mobile devices generates more extreme responses compared to a horizontal layout. It was also found that more compact scales induce a greater selection of extreme responses. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of considering the format of Likert scales when designing psychological measurement instruments to minimize response bias and improve the quality of the collected data.
The present academic work focuses on analyzing the impact of format in response style in Likert-type scales. The main findings indicate that fully labeling response categories reduces the incidence of extreme responses and increases acquiescence compared to partial labeling. Additionally, it was found that scales with fewer than four categories tend to increase the extreme response style, while increasing the number of categories can reduce such responses. The presence of a midpoint in the scale can decrease extreme responses and increase acquiescence, although its impact varies depending on the study. Another relevant aspect is the layout of the response categories. It was observed that a vertical layout of the categories on mobile devices generates more extreme responses compared to a horizontal layout. It was also found that more compact scales induce a greater selection of extreme responses. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of considering the format of Likert scales when designing psychological measurement instruments to minimize response bias and improve the quality of the collected data.
Direction
ANDRADE FERNANDEZ, ELENA MARIA (Tutorships)
ANDRADE FERNANDEZ, ELENA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
ANDRADE FERNANDEZ, ELENA MARIA (Student’s tutor)
ANDRADE FERNANDEZ, ELENA MARIA (Student’s tutor)
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: differences in executive functions with ADHD
Authorship
M.L.G.
Psychology
M.L.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) refers to a set of symptoms including: daydreaming, staring, confusion, hypoactivity, sluggishness, lethargy, apathy and sleepiness. Its study is closely related to that of ADHD, as it is unclear whether it is a subtype of ADHD or a distinct diagnostic entity. The present scoping review aims to analyse the literature on executive functioning (EF) in people with symptoms of SCT, establishing differences with people with ADHD, in order to better define and understand the construct of SCT. For this purpose, a scoping review was conducted in which 10 studies comparing EF in both constructs were selected. The results seem to indicate a significantly greater impairment in EF in people with ADHD than in people with SCT. Also, people with SCT symptoms showed significantly worse performance in EF than the normative population. Furthermore, taking into account the five domains that constitute the EF, a different pattern of impairment in EF is evident for both entities, with SCT being related to the EF domains Self-Organization and Problem Solving and Time Self-Management, compared to the pattern of impairment in ADHD, which affects all the domains of the EF, with this association being greater in relation to the domains Self-Motivation and Self-Restraint, domains whose impairment is not associated with the symptoms of SCT. The domain Emotional Self-Regulation showed contradictory results.
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) refers to a set of symptoms including: daydreaming, staring, confusion, hypoactivity, sluggishness, lethargy, apathy and sleepiness. Its study is closely related to that of ADHD, as it is unclear whether it is a subtype of ADHD or a distinct diagnostic entity. The present scoping review aims to analyse the literature on executive functioning (EF) in people with symptoms of SCT, establishing differences with people with ADHD, in order to better define and understand the construct of SCT. For this purpose, a scoping review was conducted in which 10 studies comparing EF in both constructs were selected. The results seem to indicate a significantly greater impairment in EF in people with ADHD than in people with SCT. Also, people with SCT symptoms showed significantly worse performance in EF than the normative population. Furthermore, taking into account the five domains that constitute the EF, a different pattern of impairment in EF is evident for both entities, with SCT being related to the EF domains Self-Organization and Problem Solving and Time Self-Management, compared to the pattern of impairment in ADHD, which affects all the domains of the EF, with this association being greater in relation to the domains Self-Motivation and Self-Restraint, domains whose impairment is not associated with the symptoms of SCT. The domain Emotional Self-Regulation showed contradictory results.
Direction
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Tutorships)
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Relationship between self-regulated learning and minors with learning difficults
Authorship
L.P.C.
Psychology
L.P.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 13:00
07.15.2024 13:00
Summary
The main objective of this work is to show the relationship between self-regulated learning and underage students with learning difficulties. To carry out this graduation work, we have carried out a systematized review of scientific articles related to the subject. The search for the documents was carried out in Eric, Web of Science, Psychinfo and Scopus, being used as search terms learning strateg* AND learning dificult*. An attempt is made to show how this relationship appears in educational contexts and what learning strategies are effective for these students, as well as the differences that exist between students with and without learning difficulties who use self-regulated learning strategies. The main findings found are that students with learning difficulties face cognitive weaknesses, which affects their ability to use self-regulated learning strategies, which conditions their academic performance. It has also been shown that these strategies not only improve the academic performance of students with learning difficulties, but also increase their confidence in their own abilities. It has been found that it is important to adapt the practices to these students with learning difficulties, in order to promote their autonomy and integral development through self-regulated learning. Based on these results, it is suggested that for future research it would be ideal to carry out longitudinal studies that would allow to follow the development of self-regulated learning throughout the educational process of these students with learning difficulties
The main objective of this work is to show the relationship between self-regulated learning and underage students with learning difficulties. To carry out this graduation work, we have carried out a systematized review of scientific articles related to the subject. The search for the documents was carried out in Eric, Web of Science, Psychinfo and Scopus, being used as search terms learning strateg* AND learning dificult*. An attempt is made to show how this relationship appears in educational contexts and what learning strategies are effective for these students, as well as the differences that exist between students with and without learning difficulties who use self-regulated learning strategies. The main findings found are that students with learning difficulties face cognitive weaknesses, which affects their ability to use self-regulated learning strategies, which conditions their academic performance. It has also been shown that these strategies not only improve the academic performance of students with learning difficulties, but also increase their confidence in their own abilities. It has been found that it is important to adapt the practices to these students with learning difficulties, in order to promote their autonomy and integral development through self-regulated learning. Based on these results, it is suggested that for future research it would be ideal to carry out longitudinal studies that would allow to follow the development of self-regulated learning throughout the educational process of these students with learning difficulties
Direction
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Tutorships)
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Tutorships)
Court
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Student’s tutor)
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Student’s tutor)
In search of the signaling effect
Authorship
M.F.R.
Psychology
M.F.R.
Psychology
Defense date
09.10.2024 10:30
09.10.2024 10:30
Summary
The following research aims to resolve whether, in a four-color Stroop-like interference task with two phases, one cued and one uncued, and using a single color as the incongruency mark, participants can use the incongruency cue in the cued phase to improve their response time and number of correct responses, compared to the uncued phase, during incongruent trials. For this purpose, the signaling and congruency factors were used, which aimed to measure whether signaled trials differed from non-signaled trials, and whether congruent trials differed from incongruent trials, being faster and having fewer errors on signaled incongruent. trials compared to non-signaled incongruent trials. The results showed that the congruency factor is significant, proving that there is a better performance of the subjects in congruent tasks with respect to the incongruent ones, but not in the signaling factor, which is not significant.
The following research aims to resolve whether, in a four-color Stroop-like interference task with two phases, one cued and one uncued, and using a single color as the incongruency mark, participants can use the incongruency cue in the cued phase to improve their response time and number of correct responses, compared to the uncued phase, during incongruent trials. For this purpose, the signaling and congruency factors were used, which aimed to measure whether signaled trials differed from non-signaled trials, and whether congruent trials differed from incongruent trials, being faster and having fewer errors on signaled incongruent. trials compared to non-signaled incongruent trials. The results showed that the congruency factor is significant, proving that there is a better performance of the subjects in congruent tasks with respect to the incongruent ones, but not in the signaling factor, which is not significant.
Direction
JIMENEZ GARCIA, LUIS MIGUEL (Tutorships)
JIMENEZ GARCIA, LUIS MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Court
JIMENEZ GARCIA, LUIS MIGUEL (Student’s tutor)
JIMENEZ GARCIA, LUIS MIGUEL (Student’s tutor)
The Connected Adolescent: The Role of Social Media on Impulsivity
Authorship
L.A.G.
Psychology
L.A.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
This bibliographic review compiles a total of fifteen articles about the effect of problematic use of social media and its effect on impulsivity in adolescents. The scientific literature shows a relation between both variables and a possible impact on the development of executive functions during adolescence. The goal of this review is to present the results of the latest experimental investigations and to demonstrate the social and therapeutic repercussions that result from these findings. The results point to a link between excessive use of screens, internet, and social media with poorer execution on tasks that imply executive function, showing a greater reward-seeking behavior and worse inhibitory control. In addition, it shows other consequences such as worse emotion regulation, increased anxious and depressed symptoms, and a deficient use of other executive functions and problem-solving strategies. These results highlight an important cause of concern regarding the unregulated use of screens during formative stages like childhood and adolescence. Compiled in this review are also found studies that expose the cerebral areas that show a higher relevance in regard to this topic. Overall, it approaches this topic from a neuropsychological perspective and seeks to provide a review of the impact of social media on today’s adolescents’ inhibitory skills.
This bibliographic review compiles a total of fifteen articles about the effect of problematic use of social media and its effect on impulsivity in adolescents. The scientific literature shows a relation between both variables and a possible impact on the development of executive functions during adolescence. The goal of this review is to present the results of the latest experimental investigations and to demonstrate the social and therapeutic repercussions that result from these findings. The results point to a link between excessive use of screens, internet, and social media with poorer execution on tasks that imply executive function, showing a greater reward-seeking behavior and worse inhibitory control. In addition, it shows other consequences such as worse emotion regulation, increased anxious and depressed symptoms, and a deficient use of other executive functions and problem-solving strategies. These results highlight an important cause of concern regarding the unregulated use of screens during formative stages like childhood and adolescence. Compiled in this review are also found studies that expose the cerebral areas that show a higher relevance in regard to this topic. Overall, it approaches this topic from a neuropsychological perspective and seeks to provide a review of the impact of social media on today’s adolescents’ inhibitory skills.
Direction
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Tutorships)
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Tutorships)
Court
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Chairman)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Secretary)
Díaz Fernández, Fernando (Member)
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Chairman)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Secretary)
Díaz Fernández, Fernando (Member)
Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for suicidal behavior.
Authorship
Y.F.G.
Psychology
Y.F.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Alcohol consumption has become a global problem with severe implications on health, safety, and the economy. Recognized as a disorder, alcoholism has been a major focus of medical and social attention, linked to high mortality rates from accidents and chronic diseases. Concurrently, suicide, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is notably influenced by alcohol consumption, which exacerbates impulsivity and depressive thoughts, increasing the risk of suicidal behavior. This study aims to conduct a bibliographic review of the primary findings related to excessive, abusive or dependent alcohol consumption and suicidal behavior. To achieve this, a search for empirical articles is conducted in the Pubmed and Psycinfo databases, encompassing the last six years and utilizing the descriptors (abuse) AND (alcohol) AND (suicide attempt). Eighteen articles are selected for final analysis. The reviewed studies indicate that abusive or dependent alcohol consumption acts as a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior, although it is unclear whether this relationship is direct or if other fundamental variables intervene. The conceptualizations and assessment protocols of alcohol consumption vary notably across studies, and integrating such aspects could benefit future research endeavors, consequently enhancing preventive strategies.
Alcohol consumption has become a global problem with severe implications on health, safety, and the economy. Recognized as a disorder, alcoholism has been a major focus of medical and social attention, linked to high mortality rates from accidents and chronic diseases. Concurrently, suicide, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is notably influenced by alcohol consumption, which exacerbates impulsivity and depressive thoughts, increasing the risk of suicidal behavior. This study aims to conduct a bibliographic review of the primary findings related to excessive, abusive or dependent alcohol consumption and suicidal behavior. To achieve this, a search for empirical articles is conducted in the Pubmed and Psycinfo databases, encompassing the last six years and utilizing the descriptors (abuse) AND (alcohol) AND (suicide attempt). Eighteen articles are selected for final analysis. The reviewed studies indicate that abusive or dependent alcohol consumption acts as a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior, although it is unclear whether this relationship is direct or if other fundamental variables intervene. The conceptualizations and assessment protocols of alcohol consumption vary notably across studies, and integrating such aspects could benefit future research endeavors, consequently enhancing preventive strategies.
Direction
BECOÑA IGLESIAS, ELISARDO (Tutorships)
BECOÑA IGLESIAS, ELISARDO (Tutorships)
Court
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Chairman)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Secretary)
Díaz Fernández, Fernando (Member)
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Chairman)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Secretary)
Díaz Fernández, Fernando (Member)
Influence of personality factors and empathy on bullying.
Authorship
X.A.C.
Psychology
X.A.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Bullying is one of the biggest issues the Spanish educative system has to face nowadays. This repeated violent behavior has huge negative effects on the victim’s both mental and physical health, as well as on their academical development, being one of the first causes of school dropouts and death within the younger population. On the present review we try to find the relation between personality factors, empathy and bullying through the exam of various scientific articles published on the last 15 years. For gathering information, we used the following databases: Scopus, Psycinfo, Google Scholar and Dialnet, searching for studies published between November 2011 and April 2024. The results show the predictive power of various personality factors, as well as the mediating role of empathy on bullying cases. Taking this information into account, we concluded, on one hand that personality factors are a good predictor for bullying aggression and, on the other hand, that empathy has mediating influence on school bullying situations.
Bullying is one of the biggest issues the Spanish educative system has to face nowadays. This repeated violent behavior has huge negative effects on the victim’s both mental and physical health, as well as on their academical development, being one of the first causes of school dropouts and death within the younger population. On the present review we try to find the relation between personality factors, empathy and bullying through the exam of various scientific articles published on the last 15 years. For gathering information, we used the following databases: Scopus, Psycinfo, Google Scholar and Dialnet, searching for studies published between November 2011 and April 2024. The results show the predictive power of various personality factors, as well as the mediating role of empathy on bullying cases. Taking this information into account, we concluded, on one hand that personality factors are a good predictor for bullying aggression and, on the other hand, that empathy has mediating influence on school bullying situations.
Direction
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Tutorships)
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Tutorships)
Court
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Student’s tutor)
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Student’s tutor)
AGalega: User Experience
Authorship
J.M.L.
Psychology
J.M.L.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 10:00
07.08.2024 10:00
Summary
This paper analyzes how audiovisual leisure has changed in recent years, focusing on the innovative public OTT platform by the CRTVG, AGalega. The study focuses on the use of AGalega by university students in Santiago de Compostela, based on fieldwork that includes 60 interviews. The analysis begins with a historical overview of the trajectory of television in Spain, highlighting the emergence of TVG and the evolution of content consumption towards streaming platforms. AGalega, launched in 2024, aims to offer content in Galician to fill a gap in these platforms. The fieldwork evaluates the user experience (UX) of AGalega, comparing it with other platforms. The results indicate that the platform is not well known among university students, and its usage is limited. The main weaknesses identified include technical issues, such as stability and loading speed, and the lack of functionalities present on other platforms, such as personalized recommendations and the ability to download content. Despite these problems, most respondents recognize the importance of AGalega and its potential to promote Galician culture. Finally, the paper highlights areas for improvement, such as promoting the platform and expanding its content catalog, especially with content that appeals to a young audience.
This paper analyzes how audiovisual leisure has changed in recent years, focusing on the innovative public OTT platform by the CRTVG, AGalega. The study focuses on the use of AGalega by university students in Santiago de Compostela, based on fieldwork that includes 60 interviews. The analysis begins with a historical overview of the trajectory of television in Spain, highlighting the emergence of TVG and the evolution of content consumption towards streaming platforms. AGalega, launched in 2024, aims to offer content in Galician to fill a gap in these platforms. The fieldwork evaluates the user experience (UX) of AGalega, comparing it with other platforms. The results indicate that the platform is not well known among university students, and its usage is limited. The main weaknesses identified include technical issues, such as stability and loading speed, and the lack of functionalities present on other platforms, such as personalized recommendations and the ability to download content. Despite these problems, most respondents recognize the importance of AGalega and its potential to promote Galician culture. Finally, the paper highlights areas for improvement, such as promoting the platform and expanding its content catalog, especially with content that appeals to a young audience.
Direction
VARELA MALLOU, JESUS (Tutorships)
VARELA MALLOU, JESUS (Tutorships)
Court
VARELA MALLOU, JESUS (Student’s tutor)
VARELA MALLOU, JESUS (Student’s tutor)
Neuropsychological rehabilitation in post-COVID-19 condition
Authorship
M.H.M.
Psychology
M.H.M.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
The cognitive deficits associated with post-COVID-19 condition currently constitute a major issue, not only social but also in terms of healthcare. Due to the high spread and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, there is a large number of people who still suffer the consequences of this infection, resulting on a significant alteration of their functionality and quality of life. However, the information available to date about its treatment is scarce. A sistematic review has been conducted in the PsycInfo and MEDLINE databases, identifying 12 studies on neuropsychological interventions in the post-COVID-19 condition. Their characteristics, techniques, efficacy, and relevant variables in the intervention outcomes were analyzed. Initially, this studies show an improvement in cognitive performance and highlight the effectiveness of both non-invasive brain stimulation and restoration techniques for treating the cognitive sequelae of the post-COVID-19 condition. Although, it is necessary that research continues, in order to find new results which expand the actual knowledge about this condition and to give the most effective treatment to those affected.
The cognitive deficits associated with post-COVID-19 condition currently constitute a major issue, not only social but also in terms of healthcare. Due to the high spread and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, there is a large number of people who still suffer the consequences of this infection, resulting on a significant alteration of their functionality and quality of life. However, the information available to date about its treatment is scarce. A sistematic review has been conducted in the PsycInfo and MEDLINE databases, identifying 12 studies on neuropsychological interventions in the post-COVID-19 condition. Their characteristics, techniques, efficacy, and relevant variables in the intervention outcomes were analyzed. Initially, this studies show an improvement in cognitive performance and highlight the effectiveness of both non-invasive brain stimulation and restoration techniques for treating the cognitive sequelae of the post-COVID-19 condition. Although, it is necessary that research continues, in order to find new results which expand the actual knowledge about this condition and to give the most effective treatment to those affected.
Direction
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Tutorships)
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Chairman)
López Durán, Ana (Secretary)
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Member)
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Chairman)
López Durán, Ana (Secretary)
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Member)
Influence of stress on declarative memory
Authorship
I.D.M.
Psychology
I.D.M.
Psychology
Defense date
02.15.2024 11:30
02.15.2024 11:30
Summary
Stress has an adaptive function, but sometimes it can be maladaptive, causing harmful effects not only on a physiological level, but can also affect the neural systems that support memory and attention. These effects have been studied mostly in animals, so in humans it still remains unknown how stress affects memory. In this work, a review of neuroimaging studies, specifically magnetic resonance imaging, was carried out to study how stress influences different memory processes. To study how stress affects memory, the hippocampus was selected as a key structure, since it is known to support different memory processes. In the studies analyzed, despite having relatively similar procedures, a great variability of results was found. On the one hand, there were studies that found that stress has a negative effect on memory, while on the other hand there were studies that found the opposite effect, stress enhanced memory. However, the results obtained highlight the need to continue investigating stress in humans, since no agreement has yet been reached on how it affects memory. More research would clarify aspects of the process, and this would improve our understanding of the influence of stress on memory in humans.
Stress has an adaptive function, but sometimes it can be maladaptive, causing harmful effects not only on a physiological level, but can also affect the neural systems that support memory and attention. These effects have been studied mostly in animals, so in humans it still remains unknown how stress affects memory. In this work, a review of neuroimaging studies, specifically magnetic resonance imaging, was carried out to study how stress influences different memory processes. To study how stress affects memory, the hippocampus was selected as a key structure, since it is known to support different memory processes. In the studies analyzed, despite having relatively similar procedures, a great variability of results was found. On the one hand, there were studies that found that stress has a negative effect on memory, while on the other hand there were studies that found the opposite effect, stress enhanced memory. However, the results obtained highlight the need to continue investigating stress in humans, since no agreement has yet been reached on how it affects memory. More research would clarify aspects of the process, and this would improve our understanding of the influence of stress on memory in humans.
Direction
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Tutorships)
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Tutorships)
Court
GOMEZ FRAGUELA, Xosé Antón (Chairman)
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Secretary)
Gómez Roman, Cristina (Member)
GOMEZ FRAGUELA, Xosé Antón (Chairman)
FRAGA CAROU, ISABEL (Secretary)
Gómez Roman, Cristina (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation - Morality: new dimension in the study of collective action.
Authorship
H.B.C.M.
Psychology
H.B.C.M.
Psychology
Defense date
02.15.2024 11:00
02.15.2024 11:00
Summary
Collective action, as the reflection of a society’s ability to confront situations that generate discontent and discrepancies with the valid norm, has been characterised over time as a symptom of democratic vitality and a tool of change with transformative power. Thus, there have been numerous investigations that seek to know which are the predictors of this type of behaviour, and which are the existent relations between them. Through the bibliographic review of 12 articles, we aim to know if the incorporation of morality and, specifically, moral conviction, to the study of this construct possesses a scientific relevance sufficiently high as to compare its effect to that of other traditionally studied variables in this field. The results obtained in each one of these investigations endorse the great motivational power of morality on collective political behaviour and the big influence that moral conviction has, both at the individual level and in relation to other variables, on the implication in different forms of collective action caused in different contexts of social agitation. Regarding the conclusions, stands out the strength of the relation between moral conviction and collective action, much more prevalent and significant that any another relation found in other variables with this behaviour, and also the detriment in the significance said relations in the presence of a firm maintenance of moral convictions that underlie the behaviour, thought and emotion of the individual.
Collective action, as the reflection of a society’s ability to confront situations that generate discontent and discrepancies with the valid norm, has been characterised over time as a symptom of democratic vitality and a tool of change with transformative power. Thus, there have been numerous investigations that seek to know which are the predictors of this type of behaviour, and which are the existent relations between them. Through the bibliographic review of 12 articles, we aim to know if the incorporation of morality and, specifically, moral conviction, to the study of this construct possesses a scientific relevance sufficiently high as to compare its effect to that of other traditionally studied variables in this field. The results obtained in each one of these investigations endorse the great motivational power of morality on collective political behaviour and the big influence that moral conviction has, both at the individual level and in relation to other variables, on the implication in different forms of collective action caused in different contexts of social agitation. Regarding the conclusions, stands out the strength of the relation between moral conviction and collective action, much more prevalent and significant that any another relation found in other variables with this behaviour, and also the detriment in the significance said relations in the presence of a firm maintenance of moral convictions that underlie the behaviour, thought and emotion of the individual.
Direction
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Tutorships)
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Tutorships)
Court
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Student’s tutor)
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Student’s tutor)
Pornography consumption at an early age. Implications for the person and their relationships
Authorship
E.C.R.
Psychology
E.C.R.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Currently, access to sexually explicit material has been facilitated by digitalization, making this content much more accessible. Thanks to the Internet, pornography consumption is more widespread and anonymous than ever. And due to this freedom of access and expansion of sexual content of all kinds, alarm sirens have begun to sound about how these contents can affect people, especially those who are in a more impressionable moment, such as children and adolescents. In Spain, the Drug Addiction Aid Foundation has its eye on how pornography is spreading among the youngest, since this consumption is occurring more prematurely and frequently, being an indication of the importance of knowing more about of this giant that is online pornography. The objective of this review is to collect those studies, carried out in the last 10 years, about how pornography consumption affects young people, both at an individual and relational level. After carrying out a search in PsycInfo and due to the still little existing research in this population, only 8 studies could be included in the present review. These studies reveal: gender differences in the consumption of pornography, the age of initiation of consumption of this content, the harmful effects of porn on the person and how it perpetuates sexist attitudes.
Currently, access to sexually explicit material has been facilitated by digitalization, making this content much more accessible. Thanks to the Internet, pornography consumption is more widespread and anonymous than ever. And due to this freedom of access and expansion of sexual content of all kinds, alarm sirens have begun to sound about how these contents can affect people, especially those who are in a more impressionable moment, such as children and adolescents. In Spain, the Drug Addiction Aid Foundation has its eye on how pornography is spreading among the youngest, since this consumption is occurring more prematurely and frequently, being an indication of the importance of knowing more about of this giant that is online pornography. The objective of this review is to collect those studies, carried out in the last 10 years, about how pornography consumption affects young people, both at an individual and relational level. After carrying out a search in PsycInfo and due to the still little existing research in this population, only 8 studies could be included in the present review. These studies reveal: gender differences in the consumption of pornography, the age of initiation of consumption of this content, the harmful effects of porn on the person and how it perpetuates sexist attitudes.
Direction
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Tutorships)
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Tutorships)
Court
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ESMORIS ARRANZ, FRANCISCO JOSE (Secretary)
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Member)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ESMORIS ARRANZ, FRANCISCO JOSE (Secretary)
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Member)
Intrinsic Motivation and Personal Characteristics
Authorship
L.M.C.V.
Psychology
L.M.C.V.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Intrinsic motivation, considered the true motivation, is a fundamental aspect in the organizational field since it is linked to higher performance. Authors like Bandura highlight the relationship between motivation and self-regulation processes, such as self-efficacy or goal setting. Given that motivation is an interaction between the person and the context, the objective of this pilot study is to determine the personal characteristics that influence workers' intrinsic motivation and allow it to be predicted. For this purpose, an online questionnaire was developed, consisting of a series of sociodemographic variables, the NEO-FFI, the Self-Efficacy Scale by Quijano and Navarro, the Work Domain Goal Orientation Instrument, and the Internal Motivation and Satisfaction with Self-Actualization scales from the JDS. The sample was composed of 334 participants, 86.2% of whom were women. The results revealed that Responsibility, Learning Goals, Avoidance Goals, and Agreeableness are significant predictors of workers' Intrinsic Motivation. These findings could be useful for the selection or promotion of candidates, considering those personal characteristics that make them more prone to intrinsic motivation. The study also aimed to investigate the existence of significant differences between Generation Z and previous generations. Although no significant differences were found, it would be interesting to delve deeper into this topic given their recent entry into the workforce.
Intrinsic motivation, considered the true motivation, is a fundamental aspect in the organizational field since it is linked to higher performance. Authors like Bandura highlight the relationship between motivation and self-regulation processes, such as self-efficacy or goal setting. Given that motivation is an interaction between the person and the context, the objective of this pilot study is to determine the personal characteristics that influence workers' intrinsic motivation and allow it to be predicted. For this purpose, an online questionnaire was developed, consisting of a series of sociodemographic variables, the NEO-FFI, the Self-Efficacy Scale by Quijano and Navarro, the Work Domain Goal Orientation Instrument, and the Internal Motivation and Satisfaction with Self-Actualization scales from the JDS. The sample was composed of 334 participants, 86.2% of whom were women. The results revealed that Responsibility, Learning Goals, Avoidance Goals, and Agreeableness are significant predictors of workers' Intrinsic Motivation. These findings could be useful for the selection or promotion of candidates, considering those personal characteristics that make them more prone to intrinsic motivation. The study also aimed to investigate the existence of significant differences between Generation Z and previous generations. Although no significant differences were found, it would be interesting to delve deeper into this topic given their recent entry into the workforce.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Chairman)
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Secretary)
MARTINEZ VISPO, CARMELA (Member)
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Chairman)
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Secretary)
MARTINEZ VISPO, CARMELA (Member)
Mental Health of Informal Informal Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authorship
C.M.G.
Psychology
C.M.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 13:30
07.15.2024 13:30
Summary
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by cognitive symptoms, physical problems and emotional and behavioural alterations that begins gradually and progresses slowly. It is the most common type of dementia and in Spain the number of people affected exceeds 700,000, with an estimated doubling of cases by 2050. However, AD requires long-term care, which not only affects the wellbeing and health of the patient, but also the family and particularly the caregivers, who have to face painful situations and suffering that seriously affect their health, with repercussions also on their mental health. The aim of the present study is to search for evidence of the negative mental health consequences suffered by informal caregivers of patients with AD. Therefore, a systematic search was carried out in which a total of 13 studies were selected. Once the review of all the articles had been carried out, it was observed that informal carers of patients with AD were highly prevalent in suffering from overload, depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress and more problems related to life in general, and had a poorer quality of life than the general population. Anxiety was found to be more prevalent than depression, and depressive symptoms were associated with the caregiving context, rather than predisposition to develop a mood disorder. A greater presence of female caregivers was also found in all studies, and finally, sociodemographic characteristics may influence the presence or absence of problems.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by cognitive symptoms, physical problems and emotional and behavioural alterations that begins gradually and progresses slowly. It is the most common type of dementia and in Spain the number of people affected exceeds 700,000, with an estimated doubling of cases by 2050. However, AD requires long-term care, which not only affects the wellbeing and health of the patient, but also the family and particularly the caregivers, who have to face painful situations and suffering that seriously affect their health, with repercussions also on their mental health. The aim of the present study is to search for evidence of the negative mental health consequences suffered by informal caregivers of patients with AD. Therefore, a systematic search was carried out in which a total of 13 studies were selected. Once the review of all the articles had been carried out, it was observed that informal carers of patients with AD were highly prevalent in suffering from overload, depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress and more problems related to life in general, and had a poorer quality of life than the general population. Anxiety was found to be more prevalent than depression, and depressive symptoms were associated with the caregiving context, rather than predisposition to develop a mood disorder. A greater presence of female caregivers was also found in all studies, and finally, sociodemographic characteristics may influence the presence or absence of problems.
Direction
PEREIRO ROZAS, ARTURO JOSE (Tutorships)
PEREIRO ROZAS, ARTURO JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
PEREIRO ROZAS, ARTURO JOSE (Student’s tutor)
PEREIRO ROZAS, ARTURO JOSE (Student’s tutor)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
D.C.F.
Psychology
D.C.F.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between the use of social media by adolescents and depression and anxiety among this group. This has been done given the high prevalence of these psychopathologies in society, how delicate this phase of life is due to the vital changes it entails and the increasingly widespread use of digital technologies, the effects of which are not yet fully known. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out in which the PubMed database was used and the terms “depression”, “anxiety”, “social media” and “adolescen*” were utilized in the search, which ranged from 2018 to March 2024. After making the selection, 17 articles were chosen and subjected to review. This included the identification of the authors, objectives, sample, materials and instruments, results, conclusions and limitations of each paper. The main result was that time and type of use of social media, as well as the impotance given to it by youth and the reasons to utilize it all have a relation with depression and anxiety among adolescents and this effect is even greater among women. These findings are in the line of previous reviews and reveal the importance of a moderate and aware use of these tools by adolescents to ensure that their health and dignity are preserved.
The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between the use of social media by adolescents and depression and anxiety among this group. This has been done given the high prevalence of these psychopathologies in society, how delicate this phase of life is due to the vital changes it entails and the increasingly widespread use of digital technologies, the effects of which are not yet fully known. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out in which the PubMed database was used and the terms “depression”, “anxiety”, “social media” and “adolescen*” were utilized in the search, which ranged from 2018 to March 2024. After making the selection, 17 articles were chosen and subjected to review. This included the identification of the authors, objectives, sample, materials and instruments, results, conclusions and limitations of each paper. The main result was that time and type of use of social media, as well as the impotance given to it by youth and the reasons to utilize it all have a relation with depression and anxiety among adolescents and this effect is even greater among women. These findings are in the line of previous reviews and reveal the importance of a moderate and aware use of these tools by adolescents to ensure that their health and dignity are preserved.
Direction
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Tutorships)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Chairman)
López Durán, Ana (Secretary)
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Member)
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Chairman)
López Durán, Ana (Secretary)
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Member)
Symptomatology and forgiveness process in the prison population
Authorship
L.R.A.
Psychology
L.R.A.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 12:30
07.09.2024 12:30
Summary
Scientific evidence suggests that persons deprived of liberty present a series of psychological consequences due to the state of imprisonment. Under the approach of Therapeutic Jurisprudence, a legal paradigm that aims to study the law as a therapeutic agent and which includes the study of psychological variables such as forgiveness and restorative practices, the present study examines the psychological symptomatology of the prison population and how this can be influenced by the process of forgiveness. The sample consisted of 60 inmates, 93.3% of whom were men (n = 56) and 6.7% women (n = 4), with an age range between 21 and 70 years (M = 40.93, SD = 9.92), who completed the measurement instruments. The results showed that the sample presents a symptomatology well above the average in all scales and low values in the levels of forgiveness. Additionally, significant differences were found according to the level of forgiveness (low/high) in somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism, with higher scores being obtained by those who presented low levels of forgiveness in all of them. Bearing in mind the limitations of our study, the results obtained are discussed and future lines of research are proposed in order to guide the design of intervention programmes to promote the willingness to forgive and, consequently, the improvement of psychological well-being in the prison population
Scientific evidence suggests that persons deprived of liberty present a series of psychological consequences due to the state of imprisonment. Under the approach of Therapeutic Jurisprudence, a legal paradigm that aims to study the law as a therapeutic agent and which includes the study of psychological variables such as forgiveness and restorative practices, the present study examines the psychological symptomatology of the prison population and how this can be influenced by the process of forgiveness. The sample consisted of 60 inmates, 93.3% of whom were men (n = 56) and 6.7% women (n = 4), with an age range between 21 and 70 years (M = 40.93, SD = 9.92), who completed the measurement instruments. The results showed that the sample presents a symptomatology well above the average in all scales and low values in the levels of forgiveness. Additionally, significant differences were found according to the level of forgiveness (low/high) in somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism, with higher scores being obtained by those who presented low levels of forgiveness in all of them. Bearing in mind the limitations of our study, the results obtained are discussed and future lines of research are proposed in order to guide the design of intervention programmes to promote the willingness to forgive and, consequently, the improvement of psychological well-being in the prison population
Direction
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Tutorships)
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Tutorships)
Court
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Chairman)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Secretary)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Member)
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Chairman)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Secretary)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Member)
The application of positive psychology for the treatment of depression (MDD)
Authorship
R.R.J.D.S.
Psychology
R.R.J.D.S.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 11:30
07.15.2024 11:30
Summary
In this systematic review, the aim is to determine and evaluate whether positive psychology is effective for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults over 18 years old. To conduct the study, an exhaustive search was carried out in three databases: Scopus, Psyinfo, and WoS. Based on the results found, certain inclusion criteria were established to limit the results; for example, studies published in the last 10 years and randomized controlled trials that evaluated positive psychology approaches in people over 18 years old. The results of this review indicate that certain positive psychology interventions (gratitude therapy, optimism exercises, strength-based interventions) have significant effects on reducing depressive symptoms and even improve other aspects, such as subjective well-being. However, there are certain limitations that show the need for further study regarding the implementation of positive psychology as an alternative or support to traditional treatments for depression. Nevertheless, there is a promising outlook for positive psychology as a tool that could help in addressing depression.
In this systematic review, the aim is to determine and evaluate whether positive psychology is effective for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults over 18 years old. To conduct the study, an exhaustive search was carried out in three databases: Scopus, Psyinfo, and WoS. Based on the results found, certain inclusion criteria were established to limit the results; for example, studies published in the last 10 years and randomized controlled trials that evaluated positive psychology approaches in people over 18 years old. The results of this review indicate that certain positive psychology interventions (gratitude therapy, optimism exercises, strength-based interventions) have significant effects on reducing depressive symptoms and even improve other aspects, such as subjective well-being. However, there are certain limitations that show the need for further study regarding the implementation of positive psychology as an alternative or support to traditional treatments for depression. Nevertheless, there is a promising outlook for positive psychology as a tool that could help in addressing depression.
Direction
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Student’s tutor)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Student’s tutor)
Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminism: a systemic review
Authorship
M.J.S.
Psychology
M.J.S.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 11:30
07.15.2024 11:30
Summary
Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminism (TERF) is an ideological trend on the rise. Its social implications are becoming increasingly relevant and have an impact on society’s perception of transgender people. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to examine the existing scientific literature on the TERF movement, a growing field of research. In this work 19 articles were selected and analysed in depth, to improve understanding of the discourse and implications of this feminist branch. The articles have been selected through the databases PsycInfo, Web of Science and Scopus, prioritizing works with empirical methodology. The results indicate that this movement is based its definition of gender on biological essentialism and perceives a risk for cisgender women in the way trans-beneficial laws are developed. On the other hand, it has been found that online debates are characterized by messages of hatred, emotional content and reaffirmation of one’s beliefs. Finally, the variables openness to feminist experience, attitudes and identity are inverse predictors of transphobia, while a trans-exclusive feminist framing positions people against pro-trans laws. In conclusion, this systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on the TERF movement, which should be taken into consideration in the light of current social trends.
Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminism (TERF) is an ideological trend on the rise. Its social implications are becoming increasingly relevant and have an impact on society’s perception of transgender people. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to examine the existing scientific literature on the TERF movement, a growing field of research. In this work 19 articles were selected and analysed in depth, to improve understanding of the discourse and implications of this feminist branch. The articles have been selected through the databases PsycInfo, Web of Science and Scopus, prioritizing works with empirical methodology. The results indicate that this movement is based its definition of gender on biological essentialism and perceives a risk for cisgender women in the way trans-beneficial laws are developed. On the other hand, it has been found that online debates are characterized by messages of hatred, emotional content and reaffirmation of one’s beliefs. Finally, the variables openness to feminist experience, attitudes and identity are inverse predictors of transphobia, while a trans-exclusive feminist framing positions people against pro-trans laws. In conclusion, this systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on the TERF movement, which should be taken into consideration in the light of current social trends.
Direction
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Tutorships)
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Tutorships)
Court
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Student’s tutor)
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Student’s tutor)
Burnout syndrome in the sports field
Authorship
B.M.D.
Psychology
B.M.D.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 12:30
07.08.2024 12:30
Summary
Burnout syndrome is a highly complex phenomenon and in recent years has gained greater importance in the sports field. This syndrome is characterized by significant physical and emotional exhaustion as well as a devaluation of sports practice. This paper aims to explore the current landscape regarding sports burnout by conducting a literature review in which eight studies providing important information about burnout in sports were analyzed. These studies helped identify the main symptoms associated with burnout in athletes, the variables that make athletes more vulnerable to this syndrome, and the direction future research on this construct should take. Due to the growing boom in our society regarding mental health, a large number of experts aim to study this phenomenon in depth, as experiencing it not only affects an athlete's performance but also has significant implications for their mental health and overall well-being. Since burnout is a syndrome that is increasingly present in our society, it is important that its study not be overlooked in fields beyond conventional work environments.
Burnout syndrome is a highly complex phenomenon and in recent years has gained greater importance in the sports field. This syndrome is characterized by significant physical and emotional exhaustion as well as a devaluation of sports practice. This paper aims to explore the current landscape regarding sports burnout by conducting a literature review in which eight studies providing important information about burnout in sports were analyzed. These studies helped identify the main symptoms associated with burnout in athletes, the variables that make athletes more vulnerable to this syndrome, and the direction future research on this construct should take. Due to the growing boom in our society regarding mental health, a large number of experts aim to study this phenomenon in depth, as experiencing it not only affects an athlete's performance but also has significant implications for their mental health and overall well-being. Since burnout is a syndrome that is increasingly present in our society, it is important that its study not be overlooked in fields beyond conventional work environments.
Direction
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Tutorships)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Tutorships)
Court
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Student’s tutor)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Student’s tutor)
Self-Efficacy: Risk or Protective Factor in Bullying Situations
Authorship
C.O.G.
Psychology
C.O.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:00
07.15.2024 10:00
Summary
Self-efficacy, which is the belief in one's own ability and knowledge to handle situations, significantly influences bullying. The aim of this systematic review is to deepen the understanding of the role that self-efficacy plays as a risk or protective factor in bullying contexts. To achieve this objective, a search was conducted in the databases: WOS, PsycINFO, and PubMed, selecting a total of 16 studies published between 2013 and 2023. As a notable result, we found significant negative correlations in general self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, social conflict self-efficacy, emotional self-efficacy, and academic self-efficacy for the victim, and self-efficacy for defending, social self-efficacy, and social conflict selfefficacy for the bystander. Some studies indicate no relationship with the aggressor and positive correlations for the bystander-defender. We also found some variables that seem to improve this relationship, such as the student-teacher relationship, while others, such as gender, do not seem to have any effect. Finally, it has been concluded that self-efficacy serves as a protective factor for both the victim and the bystander and bystander-defender. Individuals with high self-efficacy not only handle bullying better through the use of social skills and problem-solving, but also show a greater willingness to intervene and defend others. There are few studies investigating the relationship between self-efficacy and the aggressor, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
Self-efficacy, which is the belief in one's own ability and knowledge to handle situations, significantly influences bullying. The aim of this systematic review is to deepen the understanding of the role that self-efficacy plays as a risk or protective factor in bullying contexts. To achieve this objective, a search was conducted in the databases: WOS, PsycINFO, and PubMed, selecting a total of 16 studies published between 2013 and 2023. As a notable result, we found significant negative correlations in general self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, social conflict self-efficacy, emotional self-efficacy, and academic self-efficacy for the victim, and self-efficacy for defending, social self-efficacy, and social conflict selfefficacy for the bystander. Some studies indicate no relationship with the aggressor and positive correlations for the bystander-defender. We also found some variables that seem to improve this relationship, such as the student-teacher relationship, while others, such as gender, do not seem to have any effect. Finally, it has been concluded that self-efficacy serves as a protective factor for both the victim and the bystander and bystander-defender. Individuals with high self-efficacy not only handle bullying better through the use of social skills and problem-solving, but also show a greater willingness to intervene and defend others. There are few studies investigating the relationship between self-efficacy and the aggressor, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
Direction
TORRES MAROÑO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
TORRES MAROÑO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
TORRES MAROÑO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Student’s tutor)
TORRES MAROÑO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Student’s tutor)
Sensory Integration Intervention Proposal in Children with ASD
Authorship
C.B.G.
Psychology
C.B.G.
Psychology
Defense date
02.15.2024 10:30
02.15.2024 10:30
Summary
People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit social, communicative, and behavioral alterations that impact their daily lives. Some common symptoms they may experience are related to sensory dysfunction in terms of perceiving and integrating environmental stimuli. Psychoeducational interventions aimed at individuals with ASD often focus on the core symptoms of the disorder, occasionally overlooking the presence of these alterations. Therefore, this intervention is proposed from the psychoeducational perspective, utilizing Ayres' Sensory Integration (SI) as a methodology for designing a series of activities that promote the improvement of sensory skills in children with ASD. The purpose of this proposal is to provide psychologists with resources to address the sensory integration of children with ASD while simultaneously supporting the development of other areas with difficulties.
People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit social, communicative, and behavioral alterations that impact their daily lives. Some common symptoms they may experience are related to sensory dysfunction in terms of perceiving and integrating environmental stimuli. Psychoeducational interventions aimed at individuals with ASD often focus on the core symptoms of the disorder, occasionally overlooking the presence of these alterations. Therefore, this intervention is proposed from the psychoeducational perspective, utilizing Ayres' Sensory Integration (SI) as a methodology for designing a series of activities that promote the improvement of sensory skills in children with ASD. The purpose of this proposal is to provide psychologists with resources to address the sensory integration of children with ASD while simultaneously supporting the development of other areas with difficulties.
Direction
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Tutorships)
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
The use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a treatment for Alzheimer's Disease.
Authorship
L.J.V.
Psychology
L.J.V.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 13:30
07.08.2024 13:30
Summary
In recent years, interest has grown in finding new strategies to address the cognitive deficits caused by dementia and cognitive deterioration, in a safe and effective way to guarantee the patient a good quality of life. Among these strategies, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation stands out, a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, with positive effects demonstrated in various populations. Therefore, the objective of this review is to evaluate the scientific evidence on the therapeutic application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Impairment. For this purpose, a systematic search was carried out in various search engines for empirical articles published in the last 10 years. The results obtained offer encouraging evidence about the therapeutic potential of this technique, obtaining benefits in both the short and long term. Furthermore, its potential as a complementary treatment with other therapeutic approaches has been demonstrated. However, additional, broader research with a larger sample is required.
In recent years, interest has grown in finding new strategies to address the cognitive deficits caused by dementia and cognitive deterioration, in a safe and effective way to guarantee the patient a good quality of life. Among these strategies, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation stands out, a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, with positive effects demonstrated in various populations. Therefore, the objective of this review is to evaluate the scientific evidence on the therapeutic application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Impairment. For this purpose, a systematic search was carried out in various search engines for empirical articles published in the last 10 years. The results obtained offer encouraging evidence about the therapeutic potential of this technique, obtaining benefits in both the short and long term. Furthermore, its potential as a complementary treatment with other therapeutic approaches has been demonstrated. However, additional, broader research with a larger sample is required.
Direction
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Tutorships)
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Tutorships)
Court
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Student’s tutor)
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Student’s tutor)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
A.C.P.
Psychology
A.C.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
In recent years, Europe has found itself in a scenario where new populist and extremist actors haven taken a leading role, questioning the existing sociopolitical system and putting democratic society in check, and more and more people have chosen to opt for these types of political alternatives. This work aimed to define the conceptos of extremism and populism and establish their relationship with a series of variables used in reserach as their predictors (conspiratorial mindset, dispositional envy and political trust) to observe what leads citizens to choose these options. The results of the correlations and linear regressions showed a difference between the concepts of extremism and populism, as well as the ability of conspirational mindset and dispositional envy to predict populism and extremism, and that of political trust to predict extremism.
In recent years, Europe has found itself in a scenario where new populist and extremist actors haven taken a leading role, questioning the existing sociopolitical system and putting democratic society in check, and more and more people have chosen to opt for these types of political alternatives. This work aimed to define the conceptos of extremism and populism and establish their relationship with a series of variables used in reserach as their predictors (conspiratorial mindset, dispositional envy and political trust) to observe what leads citizens to choose these options. The results of the correlations and linear regressions showed a difference between the concepts of extremism and populism, as well as the ability of conspirational mindset and dispositional envy to predict populism and extremism, and that of political trust to predict extremism.
Direction
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Tutorships)
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Chairman)
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Secretary)
MARTINEZ VISPO, CARMELA (Member)
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Chairman)
Zurrón Ocio, Montserrat (Secretary)
MARTINEZ VISPO, CARMELA (Member)
Study of the relationship between the practiced level of physical activity, self-esteem and self-concept in young people and adolescents.
Authorship
M.I.S.
Psychology
M.I.S.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 13:30
07.15.2024 13:30
Summary
The main objective of this research is the exploration of the relationship between the level of physical activity performed, physical self-concept, self-esteem and the differences between sexes. 384 adolescents and young people between 14 and 22 years old participated in the study. To explore self-esteem, we used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale EAR (Rosenberg, 1965). To explore self-concept, the CAF questionnaire was used: Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (Rodríguez et al., 2006). To explore the level of physical activity performed, the IPAQ-SF: International Physical Activity Questionnaire in its short version was used (Mantilla and Gómez-Conesa, 2007). The results indicate that adolescents practice physical activity significantly more than young men, have better self-esteem and better self-concept. On the other hand, women have worse self-esteem and self-concept than men, especially in the subscales of Physical Condition, Physical Ability and Strength, despite we did not find significant differences in the level of physical activity performed. Finally, those people who practice physical activity in open spaces have better self-esteem and self-concept than those who practice physical exercise in closed spaces. In the same way, physical activity (especially the vigorous one) is related to having a greater self-esteem and self-concept.
The main objective of this research is the exploration of the relationship between the level of physical activity performed, physical self-concept, self-esteem and the differences between sexes. 384 adolescents and young people between 14 and 22 years old participated in the study. To explore self-esteem, we used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale EAR (Rosenberg, 1965). To explore self-concept, the CAF questionnaire was used: Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (Rodríguez et al., 2006). To explore the level of physical activity performed, the IPAQ-SF: International Physical Activity Questionnaire in its short version was used (Mantilla and Gómez-Conesa, 2007). The results indicate that adolescents practice physical activity significantly more than young men, have better self-esteem and better self-concept. On the other hand, women have worse self-esteem and self-concept than men, especially in the subscales of Physical Condition, Physical Ability and Strength, despite we did not find significant differences in the level of physical activity performed. Finally, those people who practice physical activity in open spaces have better self-esteem and self-concept than those who practice physical exercise in closed spaces. In the same way, physical activity (especially the vigorous one) is related to having a greater self-esteem and self-concept.
Direction
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Tutorships)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Tutorships)
Court
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Student’s tutor)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Student’s tutor)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
L.T.Q.
Psychology
L.T.Q.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
The relationship between traumatic experiences and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) has attracted increasing interest among researchers in recent decades because of its undeniable implications for clinical practice. Thus, the aim of the present study is to conduct a literature review of studies that analyze the relationship between childhood trauma and the development of BPD in adulthood. The methodology used follows the PRISMA method for the analysis of articles selected from the PsychInfo and Scopus databases. The conclusions of the reviewed articles confirm a high prevalence of traumatic experiences in individuals with BPD, with emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect being the most characteristic traumas. It is hoped that in the future the emotional component of traumatic experiences will be further explored in order to better understand the nature and extent of such experiences in individuals with BPD.
The relationship between traumatic experiences and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) has attracted increasing interest among researchers in recent decades because of its undeniable implications for clinical practice. Thus, the aim of the present study is to conduct a literature review of studies that analyze the relationship between childhood trauma and the development of BPD in adulthood. The methodology used follows the PRISMA method for the analysis of articles selected from the PsychInfo and Scopus databases. The conclusions of the reviewed articles confirm a high prevalence of traumatic experiences in individuals with BPD, with emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect being the most characteristic traumas. It is hoped that in the future the emotional component of traumatic experiences will be further explored in order to better understand the nature and extent of such experiences in individuals with BPD.
Direction
OTERO LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
OTERO LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Chairman)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Secretary)
Míguez Varela, María del Carmen (Member)
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Chairman)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Secretary)
Míguez Varela, María del Carmen (Member)
The role of the amygdala in the emotional modulation of memory: modulating effect of depression and anxiety
Authorship
M.R.V.
Psychology
M.R.V.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 11:30
07.08.2024 11:30
Summary
This study examines neural differences, specifically in the amygdala, between people with anxiety and depression disorders and healthy people during the process of emotional modulation of explicit memory. To this end, a bibliographic review was carried out whose findings revealed disparities in both the amygdala and the hippocampus when comparing studies that included samples with groups affected by any of these disorders and healthy people. Specific neural differences were found in these regions during the encoding and recognition of emotional stimuli, in addition to identifying relationships between neural activity and variables such as the severity or persistence of symptomatology. These results were more conclusive in the context of major depressive disorder than in anxiety disorders, possibly due to limitations of this review. Although previous research in this field is limited, these findings have significant implications both at a theoretical level, by expanding knowledge in this area, and at a clinical level, by facilitating the development of more specific and effective therapeutic interventions.
This study examines neural differences, specifically in the amygdala, between people with anxiety and depression disorders and healthy people during the process of emotional modulation of explicit memory. To this end, a bibliographic review was carried out whose findings revealed disparities in both the amygdala and the hippocampus when comparing studies that included samples with groups affected by any of these disorders and healthy people. Specific neural differences were found in these regions during the encoding and recognition of emotional stimuli, in addition to identifying relationships between neural activity and variables such as the severity or persistence of symptomatology. These results were more conclusive in the context of major depressive disorder than in anxiety disorders, possibly due to limitations of this review. Although previous research in this field is limited, these findings have significant implications both at a theoretical level, by expanding knowledge in this area, and at a clinical level, by facilitating the development of more specific and effective therapeutic interventions.
Direction
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Tutorships)
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Tutorships)
Court
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Student’s tutor)
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Student’s tutor)
Psychosocial factors related to binge drinking: literature review
Authorship
L.V.P.
Psychology
L.V.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Binge drinking (BD) is a pattern of alcohol consumption characterised by the intake of large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time, followed by abstinence periods. According to the ESTUDES survey (2023), 28.2% of adolescents (14-18 years old) report binge drinking at some point in their lives, recognizing it as the most prevalent consumption pattern among adolescents and university students, and it has been associated with multiple negative consequences. The aim of this review is to identify psychosocial factors related to BD, considering both individual variables and relational variables linked to adolescent’s main microsystems (family, school, peer group). For this purpose, 10 articles that explored this relationship were reviewed, after identification through a systematic search of different databases. At the individual level, male gender, age, tobacco and other drug use, socioeconomic status, positive attitudes and expectations towards drinking, and out-of-norm behaviour showed significant associations with BD. At the relational level, bad relationships with parents, parental consumption, negative experiences at school, perceived social norms about drinking and peer group influence are related to an increased probability of BD. On the other hand, perceived support, positive experiences at school and religion are associated with a protective role for BD. The results found support for the strong influence of psychosocial factors on binge drinking and should be taken into account when designing preventive interventions.
Binge drinking (BD) is a pattern of alcohol consumption characterised by the intake of large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time, followed by abstinence periods. According to the ESTUDES survey (2023), 28.2% of adolescents (14-18 years old) report binge drinking at some point in their lives, recognizing it as the most prevalent consumption pattern among adolescents and university students, and it has been associated with multiple negative consequences. The aim of this review is to identify psychosocial factors related to BD, considering both individual variables and relational variables linked to adolescent’s main microsystems (family, school, peer group). For this purpose, 10 articles that explored this relationship were reviewed, after identification through a systematic search of different databases. At the individual level, male gender, age, tobacco and other drug use, socioeconomic status, positive attitudes and expectations towards drinking, and out-of-norm behaviour showed significant associations with BD. At the relational level, bad relationships with parents, parental consumption, negative experiences at school, perceived social norms about drinking and peer group influence are related to an increased probability of BD. On the other hand, perceived support, positive experiences at school and religion are associated with a protective role for BD. The results found support for the strong influence of psychosocial factors on binge drinking and should be taken into account when designing preventive interventions.
Direction
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Tutorships)
SUAREZ SUAREZ, SAMUEL (Co-tutorships)
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Tutorships)
SUAREZ SUAREZ, SAMUEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
GOMEZ FRAGUELA, Xosé Antón (Secretary)
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
GOMEZ FRAGUELA, Xosé Antón (Secretary)
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
The relationship between self-efficacy and drug use in adolescents: a systematic review
Authorship
G.P.D.L.L.
Psychology
G.P.D.L.L.
Psychology
Defense date
09.10.2024 11:30
09.10.2024 11:30
Summary
Substance use and abuse constitutes a global issue that impacts a significant segment of the population, particularly during adolescence, as this developmental stage typically marks the onset of consumption. Self-efficacy is defined as the belief in one's own abilities to organize and execute the courses of action necessary to manage prospective situations. Numerous studies have investigated its relationship with substance use.The objective of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and substance use, and to elucidate how mediating variables influence this relationship among adolescents. To this end, a systematic search was conducted, selecting 10 studies that analyze substance use and its associated variables.Upon reviewing the articles, it was observed that, although the relationship between self-efficacy and substance use yielded varied results, the existence of a relationship between the two is indisputable. This relationship is modulated by multiple mediating and intervening variables, such as empathy, family functioning, social anxiety symptoms, parental education, and impulsivity.
Substance use and abuse constitutes a global issue that impacts a significant segment of the population, particularly during adolescence, as this developmental stage typically marks the onset of consumption. Self-efficacy is defined as the belief in one's own abilities to organize and execute the courses of action necessary to manage prospective situations. Numerous studies have investigated its relationship with substance use.The objective of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and substance use, and to elucidate how mediating variables influence this relationship among adolescents. To this end, a systematic search was conducted, selecting 10 studies that analyze substance use and its associated variables.Upon reviewing the articles, it was observed that, although the relationship between self-efficacy and substance use yielded varied results, the existence of a relationship between the two is indisputable. This relationship is modulated by multiple mediating and intervening variables, such as empathy, family functioning, social anxiety symptoms, parental education, and impulsivity.
Direction
TORRES MAROÑO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
TORRES MAROÑO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
TORRES MAROÑO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Student’s tutor)
TORRES MAROÑO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Student’s tutor)
Social communication and interaction of children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the educational context. Empathy.
Authorship
A.R.P.
Psychology
A.R.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 10:00
07.08.2024 10:00
Summary
The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is distinguished by unusual development of social skills. Among these, empathy is considered key for establishing emotional relationships. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of empathic abilities in this population is essential for planning future interventions in this area. Accordingly, this study analyzed the differences/deficits in empathy between people with ASD and those without, as well as their possible causes. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 methodology. The results confirmed the existence of differences affecting cognitive, affective, and behavioral empathy. In the cognitive dimension, it was concluded that young people with ASD have significant difficulties in identifying others' emotions. Regarding the behavioral dimension, research has shown that this ability is preserved in individuals with ASD, although it depends on their social knowledge. The explanatory factors for the deficits were identified and grouped into the following categories: situational context, theory of mind, attention to social stimuli, type of processing, individual factors, comorbidity with other conditions, and emotion expression, maintaining different relationships with the various dimensions of empathy. It is concluded that the findings corroborate the complexity of empathy in this population, highlighting the need to consider their characteristics when evaluating and intervening.
The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is distinguished by unusual development of social skills. Among these, empathy is considered key for establishing emotional relationships. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of empathic abilities in this population is essential for planning future interventions in this area. Accordingly, this study analyzed the differences/deficits in empathy between people with ASD and those without, as well as their possible causes. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 methodology. The results confirmed the existence of differences affecting cognitive, affective, and behavioral empathy. In the cognitive dimension, it was concluded that young people with ASD have significant difficulties in identifying others' emotions. Regarding the behavioral dimension, research has shown that this ability is preserved in individuals with ASD, although it depends on their social knowledge. The explanatory factors for the deficits were identified and grouped into the following categories: situational context, theory of mind, attention to social stimuli, type of processing, individual factors, comorbidity with other conditions, and emotion expression, maintaining different relationships with the various dimensions of empathy. It is concluded that the findings corroborate the complexity of empathy in this population, highlighting the need to consider their characteristics when evaluating and intervening.
Direction
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Tutorships)
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Tutorships)
Court
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Student’s tutor)
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Student’s tutor)
Controversies about the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents: Pharmacology or psychological intervention?
Authorship
L.P.B.
Psychology
L.P.B.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
The diagnosis and treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the main scientific controversies in the field of child and adolescent mental health. One of the focuses of current research is the risk-benefit ratio associated with the treatment of choice for ADHD, consisting of the administration of the psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH).Therefore, the aim is to review the scientific literature on the effects, both beneficial and harmful, of the drug in children and adolescents. At the same time, the aim is to investigate the efficacy of alternatives to non-pharmacological treatment, specifically behavioral therapy (BT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), to be able to make a comparison between both treatment modalities. To this end, a systematic search was carried out in PsycInfo and Web of Science. Twenty-two articles have been selected, focused on observing the effects of MPH and psychological therapy in child and adolescent ADHD. The main results highlight the short-term benefits of MPH on the central symptomatology of ADHD. However, certain limitations of the drug are found, as well as adverse effects on the development of children and adolescents. On the other hand, positive effects of BT and CBT are found, both on their own and as an additional measure to the drug. In conclusion, BT and CBT have certain advantages over MPH, as they allow for the maintenance of their effects and do not bring with them possible iatrogenic effects.
The diagnosis and treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the main scientific controversies in the field of child and adolescent mental health. One of the focuses of current research is the risk-benefit ratio associated with the treatment of choice for ADHD, consisting of the administration of the psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH).Therefore, the aim is to review the scientific literature on the effects, both beneficial and harmful, of the drug in children and adolescents. At the same time, the aim is to investigate the efficacy of alternatives to non-pharmacological treatment, specifically behavioral therapy (BT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), to be able to make a comparison between both treatment modalities. To this end, a systematic search was carried out in PsycInfo and Web of Science. Twenty-two articles have been selected, focused on observing the effects of MPH and psychological therapy in child and adolescent ADHD. The main results highlight the short-term benefits of MPH on the central symptomatology of ADHD. However, certain limitations of the drug are found, as well as adverse effects on the development of children and adolescents. On the other hand, positive effects of BT and CBT are found, both on their own and as an additional measure to the drug. In conclusion, BT and CBT have certain advantages over MPH, as they allow for the maintenance of their effects and do not bring with them possible iatrogenic effects.
Direction
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Tutorships)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Chairman)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Secretary)
Míguez Varela, María del Carmen (Member)
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Chairman)
Sampedro Vizcaya, María José (Secretary)
Míguez Varela, María del Carmen (Member)
Undergraduate thesis
Authorship
I.V.P.
Psychology
I.V.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Self-efficacy, understood as the belief in one's ability to perform the behavior required to achieve desired outcomes, is a crucial variable in the process of quitting smoking. It is associated with a higher likelihood of success in tobacco cessation and the maintenance of abstinence. Some studies indicate lower success rates in smoking cessation among women, highlighting the need to analyze potential causes. Given the influence of self-efficacy in the quitting process and the fewer studies specifically focusing on women, the objective of this systematic review is to analyze the role of self-efficacy in the process of quitting smoking among women. A total of 15 articles were selected, and their results confirmed the relationship between self-efficacy and the likelihood of successful tobacco cessation in women. Additionally, the review highlights certain variables that may explain the lower levels of self-efficacy in women compared to men, such as the expectations of experiencing withdrawal symptoms, motivation to quit smoking, and nicotine dependence. Given the volume of studies found, a specific section has been dedicated to pregnant or postpartum women. In conclusion, it is essential to further investigate the variables that may be relevant in the smoking cessation process, such as self-efficacy, while taking into account the differences between men and women.
Self-efficacy, understood as the belief in one's ability to perform the behavior required to achieve desired outcomes, is a crucial variable in the process of quitting smoking. It is associated with a higher likelihood of success in tobacco cessation and the maintenance of abstinence. Some studies indicate lower success rates in smoking cessation among women, highlighting the need to analyze potential causes. Given the influence of self-efficacy in the quitting process and the fewer studies specifically focusing on women, the objective of this systematic review is to analyze the role of self-efficacy in the process of quitting smoking among women. A total of 15 articles were selected, and their results confirmed the relationship between self-efficacy and the likelihood of successful tobacco cessation in women. Additionally, the review highlights certain variables that may explain the lower levels of self-efficacy in women compared to men, such as the expectations of experiencing withdrawal symptoms, motivation to quit smoking, and nicotine dependence. Given the volume of studies found, a specific section has been dedicated to pregnant or postpartum women. In conclusion, it is essential to further investigate the variables that may be relevant in the smoking cessation process, such as self-efficacy, while taking into account the differences between men and women.
Direction
López Durán, Ana (Tutorships)
RAMOS CARRO, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
López Durán, Ana (Tutorships)
RAMOS CARRO, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
GOMEZ FRAGUELA, Xosé Antón (Secretary)
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
GOMEZ FRAGUELA, Xosé Antón (Secretary)
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
B.M.C.R.
Psychology
B.M.C.R.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by affecting the individual at an interpersonal, emotional and behavioral level. One of the aspects that is most affected by psychopathy is social cognition since among the most representative characteristics of this disorder are lack of empathy, impulsivity and difficulty establishing stable relationships. Taking into account that social cognition is especially impaired in psychopathy, the objective of this systematic review is to compile and interpret recent scientific literature in which the relationship between psychopathy or psychopathic traits and social cognition is studied. To this end, a systematic search was carried out in which 13 studies were selected, of which 11 found an alteration in the execution of tasks that evaluate social cognition when psychopathic traits are present. Although differences are found, the results found are neither consistent nor conclusive.
Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by affecting the individual at an interpersonal, emotional and behavioral level. One of the aspects that is most affected by psychopathy is social cognition since among the most representative characteristics of this disorder are lack of empathy, impulsivity and difficulty establishing stable relationships. Taking into account that social cognition is especially impaired in psychopathy, the objective of this systematic review is to compile and interpret recent scientific literature in which the relationship between psychopathy or psychopathic traits and social cognition is studied. To this end, a systematic search was carried out in which 13 studies were selected, of which 11 found an alteration in the execution of tasks that evaluate social cognition when psychopathic traits are present. Although differences are found, the results found are neither consistent nor conclusive.
Direction
Rodríguez Salgado, Dolores (Tutorships)
Rodríguez Salgado, Dolores (Tutorships)
Court
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Chairman)
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Secretary)
BECOÑA IGLESIAS, ELISARDO (Member)
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Chairman)
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Secretary)
BECOÑA IGLESIAS, ELISARDO (Member)
Influence of subsequent event visualization on eyewitness memory
Authorship
S.C.C.
Psychology
S.C.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Research into the memory of witnesses has come a long way due to its great relevance, especially in the legal field. A large number of variables related to the memory of witnesses have been studied over the years, being particularly relevant the effect of information perceived after the event that is intended to be remembered; an effect studied using different types of information, such as narrative or in the form of tricky questions. This paper presents an investigation whose main objective is to find out what influence post-event visual information has on memory. Furthermore, the aim is to check whether there are differences between the two groups with regard to the quality of recall in the free recall test, as well as the difference in the performance of the subjects in two types of tests: free recall and multiple-choice questions. After carrying out different statistical analyses in order to analyse the data obtained and provide an answer to the hypotheses formulated, it was determined that the information displayed had no influence on recall in the set of tests, only partially influencing its quality. On the other hand, better results were obtained in the case of the questions, compared to the free recall, highlighting specially the importance of the way in which the recollection is recovered, and therefore the way in which the witnesses’ statements are taken. Neither was the presence of limitations in the study forgotten, such as the sample size or the time elapsed until the post-event information was viewed, which are factors that help explain the results obtained.
Research into the memory of witnesses has come a long way due to its great relevance, especially in the legal field. A large number of variables related to the memory of witnesses have been studied over the years, being particularly relevant the effect of information perceived after the event that is intended to be remembered; an effect studied using different types of information, such as narrative or in the form of tricky questions. This paper presents an investigation whose main objective is to find out what influence post-event visual information has on memory. Furthermore, the aim is to check whether there are differences between the two groups with regard to the quality of recall in the free recall test, as well as the difference in the performance of the subjects in two types of tests: free recall and multiple-choice questions. After carrying out different statistical analyses in order to analyse the data obtained and provide an answer to the hypotheses formulated, it was determined that the information displayed had no influence on recall in the set of tests, only partially influencing its quality. On the other hand, better results were obtained in the case of the questions, compared to the free recall, highlighting specially the importance of the way in which the recollection is recovered, and therefore the way in which the witnesses’ statements are taken. Neither was the presence of limitations in the study forgotten, such as the sample size or the time elapsed until the post-event information was viewed, which are factors that help explain the results obtained.
Direction
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Tutorships)
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Tutorships)
Court
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Chairman)
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Secretary)
BECOÑA IGLESIAS, ELISARDO (Member)
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Chairman)
GALDO ALVAREZ, SANTIAGO (Secretary)
BECOÑA IGLESIAS, ELISARDO (Member)
Analysis of the determining factors of conflict management styles: the role of emotional intelligence and personality.
Authorship
S.C.C.
Psychology
S.C.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 12:30
07.15.2024 12:30
Summary
This study explored how the variables emotional intelligence and personality type influence different conflict management styles using the TMMS-24, NEO-FFI and ROCI-II scales. Additionally, the differences between sexes and academic years were studied. The sample was composed of 204 students from the USC Degree in Psychology aged between 18 and 46 years. The results confirmed links between Integration and Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Compromising, Attention and Repair; the Avoidant style with Neuroticism, Servilism and Extraversion; Domination with Extraversion, Attention, Repair, Agreeableness and Age; the Compromising to Openness, Agreeableness, Integration, Servility, Attention and Age. Furthermore, the three factors of emotional intelligence showed correlations with Extraversion, Openness and Neuroticism. On the other hand, Repair correlated with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness and Clarity with Responsibility. Significant differences were observed between sexes, highlighting that women showed higher scores in Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Attention. Regarding the academic years, significant differences were only found between the first year and the third and fourth in the Domination variable. In addition to finding results consistent with previous research, this study also revealed new correlations and predictive models. These findings open new avenues for future research in the field of conflict management, allowing a better understanding of the existing relationships between the variables studied.
This study explored how the variables emotional intelligence and personality type influence different conflict management styles using the TMMS-24, NEO-FFI and ROCI-II scales. Additionally, the differences between sexes and academic years were studied. The sample was composed of 204 students from the USC Degree in Psychology aged between 18 and 46 years. The results confirmed links between Integration and Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Compromising, Attention and Repair; the Avoidant style with Neuroticism, Servilism and Extraversion; Domination with Extraversion, Attention, Repair, Agreeableness and Age; the Compromising to Openness, Agreeableness, Integration, Servility, Attention and Age. Furthermore, the three factors of emotional intelligence showed correlations with Extraversion, Openness and Neuroticism. On the other hand, Repair correlated with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness and Clarity with Responsibility. Significant differences were observed between sexes, highlighting that women showed higher scores in Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Attention. Regarding the academic years, significant differences were only found between the first year and the third and fourth in the Domination variable. In addition to finding results consistent with previous research, this study also revealed new correlations and predictive models. These findings open new avenues for future research in the field of conflict management, allowing a better understanding of the existing relationships between the variables studied.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Student’s tutor)
RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MANUEL DAMASO (Student’s tutor)
Prevalence of sexual violence through chemical submission: a systematic review.
Authorship
S.P.D.
Psychology
S.P.D.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 10:30
07.08.2024 10:30
Summary
Sexual violence through chemical submission, is a serious form of violence in which a non-consensual sexual assault occurs when the victim is under the influence of psychoactive substances, a phenomenon that has gained particular importance. In this regard, the literature warns that it is a latent problem, however, it is necessary to increase existing knowledge. The main objective of this systematic review is to examine the literature on sexual violence by chemical submission in the university population and to study variables associated with this phenomenon. Thus, a systematic review was carried out following the guidelines of the PRISMA method, in the databases Web of Science, Pubmed, Psychinfo, Dialnet and Scopus. Sixteen studies on the subject under study were analysed. The results have shown the existence of cases of sexual violence through chemical submission, especially in women, with an age range between 18 and 30 years. In addition, the data reveals that ethanol is the substance most commonly used to commit this crime. Bearing in mind the limitations of our review, the studies reviewed highlight the need to implement preventive actions, especially at the university level. These action plans should focus on promoting safe behaviours among the population, especially those related to nightlife.
Sexual violence through chemical submission, is a serious form of violence in which a non-consensual sexual assault occurs when the victim is under the influence of psychoactive substances, a phenomenon that has gained particular importance. In this regard, the literature warns that it is a latent problem, however, it is necessary to increase existing knowledge. The main objective of this systematic review is to examine the literature on sexual violence by chemical submission in the university population and to study variables associated with this phenomenon. Thus, a systematic review was carried out following the guidelines of the PRISMA method, in the databases Web of Science, Pubmed, Psychinfo, Dialnet and Scopus. Sixteen studies on the subject under study were analysed. The results have shown the existence of cases of sexual violence through chemical submission, especially in women, with an age range between 18 and 30 years. In addition, the data reveals that ethanol is the substance most commonly used to commit this crime. Bearing in mind the limitations of our review, the studies reviewed highlight the need to implement preventive actions, especially at the university level. These action plans should focus on promoting safe behaviours among the population, especially those related to nightlife.
Direction
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Tutorships)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Tutorships)
Court
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Student’s tutor)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Student’s tutor)
Psychological implications in women in prostitution: A look at their silenced stories.
Authorship
C.G.E.
Psychology
C.G.E.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Prostitution is a major problem that is invisible in our society, and the women who engage in it suffer the harsh consequences on a daily basis. The main objective of this literature review is to explore the psychopathological conditions that occur in these women, and their main causes. Thus, it has been found that the most prevalent disorders in these women are Mood Disorders (especially Depression), with a prevalence of 53.5%, followed by Anxiety Disorders (AD), with a prevalence of 36.7%, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which according to several studies ranges between 8% and 71.7% and Substance Use Disorder (SUD), which is suffered in practically the majority of women in prostitution. It should also be noted that most women are in prostitution for socioeconomic reasons, not volitional ones. The stigma they experience, as well as social, family and economic problems, are factors that hinder the development of a healthy mental health. In turn, the conditions of extreme violence (rape, humiliation, threats, etc.) with which they have to coexist daily, both on the part of the consumer and the pimp, leads them directly to a plummeting of their own physical and psychological integrity.
Prostitution is a major problem that is invisible in our society, and the women who engage in it suffer the harsh consequences on a daily basis. The main objective of this literature review is to explore the psychopathological conditions that occur in these women, and their main causes. Thus, it has been found that the most prevalent disorders in these women are Mood Disorders (especially Depression), with a prevalence of 53.5%, followed by Anxiety Disorders (AD), with a prevalence of 36.7%, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which according to several studies ranges between 8% and 71.7% and Substance Use Disorder (SUD), which is suffered in practically the majority of women in prostitution. It should also be noted that most women are in prostitution for socioeconomic reasons, not volitional ones. The stigma they experience, as well as social, family and economic problems, are factors that hinder the development of a healthy mental health. In turn, the conditions of extreme violence (rape, humiliation, threats, etc.) with which they have to coexist daily, both on the part of the consumer and the pimp, leads them directly to a plummeting of their own physical and psychological integrity.
Direction
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Chairman)
López Durán, Ana (Secretary)
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Member)
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Chairman)
López Durán, Ana (Secretary)
DOALLO PESADO, SONIA (Member)
How coping and religiosity are related: effects and differences between religious and non-religious people
Authorship
A.R.F.
Psychology
A.R.F.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The aim of this study is to review the existing literature from the last decade that addresses the relationship between relationality, coping processes and the effects on mental health and well-being. The main findings reflect, for the most part, notable benefits for those who are reliably affiliated compared to those who are not (in mental health, risk of mortality and level of suicidal ideation, among others). The main limitations of the study refer to its external validity, thus not being able to generalise most of the findings. Therefore, the conclusions of the selected studies provide relevant information on the subject, reflecting the need for further research and opening up new lines of research.
The aim of this study is to review the existing literature from the last decade that addresses the relationship between relationality, coping processes and the effects on mental health and well-being. The main findings reflect, for the most part, notable benefits for those who are reliably affiliated compared to those who are not (in mental health, risk of mortality and level of suicidal ideation, among others). The main limitations of the study refer to its external validity, thus not being able to generalise most of the findings. Therefore, the conclusions of the selected studies provide relevant information on the subject, reflecting the need for further research and opening up new lines of research.
Direction
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Student’s tutor)
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Student’s tutor)
Psychological Impact in patients with Polycystic Kidney Disease: a systematic review.
Authorship
I.L.F.
Psychology
I.L.F.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 12:00
07.15.2024 12:00
Summary
Polycystic kidney disease is a disease that mainly affects the kidneys, causing the formation of cysts and impeding their filtration work. Therefore, it causes deterioration and a physical and psychological impact on the patients who suffer from it. Therefore, the aim of this work is to know the psychological impact of the diagnosis of this disease on patients in terms of quality of life, anxiety and depression. For this purpose, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, without establishing a time limit, obtaining, after verifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles in total, The results show significant differences in the physical and mental components of quality of life, and also a relationship between the progression of the disease and the decrease in quality of life, with differences between the different stages of the disease. Furthermore, anxiety and depression are important aspects to take into account in the care of patients with polycystic kidney disease, where the impact also depends on other sociodemographic and clinical factors. Thus, the psychological impact on patients with polycystic kidney disease is based on the following conclusions: quality of life is affected by both the physical and psychological components (the physical to a greater extent); anxiety and depression are common in patients with polycystic kidney disease and are present in more than half of the patients; and the correlation between the progression of the disease and the quality of life of the patients. Therefore, the psychological impact is a key aspect to consider, and addressing the emotional and psychological needs of patients may contribute to improving their quality of life and response to treatment.
Polycystic kidney disease is a disease that mainly affects the kidneys, causing the formation of cysts and impeding their filtration work. Therefore, it causes deterioration and a physical and psychological impact on the patients who suffer from it. Therefore, the aim of this work is to know the psychological impact of the diagnosis of this disease on patients in terms of quality of life, anxiety and depression. For this purpose, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, without establishing a time limit, obtaining, after verifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles in total, The results show significant differences in the physical and mental components of quality of life, and also a relationship between the progression of the disease and the decrease in quality of life, with differences between the different stages of the disease. Furthermore, anxiety and depression are important aspects to take into account in the care of patients with polycystic kidney disease, where the impact also depends on other sociodemographic and clinical factors. Thus, the psychological impact on patients with polycystic kidney disease is based on the following conclusions: quality of life is affected by both the physical and psychological components (the physical to a greater extent); anxiety and depression are common in patients with polycystic kidney disease and are present in more than half of the patients; and the correlation between the progression of the disease and the quality of life of the patients. Therefore, the psychological impact is a key aspect to consider, and addressing the emotional and psychological needs of patients may contribute to improving their quality of life and response to treatment.
Direction
Vazquez Rodriguez, Maria Isabel (Tutorships)
Vazquez Rodriguez, Maria Isabel (Tutorships)
Court
Vazquez Rodriguez, Maria Isabel (Student’s tutor)
Vazquez Rodriguez, Maria Isabel (Student’s tutor)
The phubbing phenomenon: effects on psychological well-being and social behavior in adolescence.
Authorship
D.C.M.
Psychology
D.C.M.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
The concept of phubbing refers to the act of using the mobile phone while a present interlocutor. With the normalization of this behavior, which could already be considered a phenomenon, there could be consequences on people's psychological and relational well-being, which may be intensified during adolescence. Various authors place the prevalence of phubbing in adolescence around 49%, making it evident that there is a need to dive deeper into this phenomenon. The main objective of this project is to explore the consequences of the phubbing phenomenon on the psychological and behavioral well-being of adolescents by conducting a review of the literature in this field. Using different databases, the results that have been obtained link phubbing to variables such as depression, anxiety, the quality of friendships, and even feelings of loneliness. This literature review shows the importance of conducting a more thorough study of the implications that phubbing, along with other behaviors related to new technologies, can have on the well-being of the adolescent population. Furthermore, it highlights the need to develop preventive measures to protect adolescents from the negative effects on their well-being.
The concept of phubbing refers to the act of using the mobile phone while a present interlocutor. With the normalization of this behavior, which could already be considered a phenomenon, there could be consequences on people's psychological and relational well-being, which may be intensified during adolescence. Various authors place the prevalence of phubbing in adolescence around 49%, making it evident that there is a need to dive deeper into this phenomenon. The main objective of this project is to explore the consequences of the phubbing phenomenon on the psychological and behavioral well-being of adolescents by conducting a review of the literature in this field. Using different databases, the results that have been obtained link phubbing to variables such as depression, anxiety, the quality of friendships, and even feelings of loneliness. This literature review shows the importance of conducting a more thorough study of the implications that phubbing, along with other behaviors related to new technologies, can have on the well-being of the adolescent population. Furthermore, it highlights the need to develop preventive measures to protect adolescents from the negative effects on their well-being.
Direction
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Tutorships)
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Tutorships)
Court
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Chairman)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Secretary)
Díaz Fernández, Fernando (Member)
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Chairman)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Secretary)
Díaz Fernández, Fernando (Member)
Memory problems in the post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review
Authorship
A.N.G.
Psychology
A.N.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
In post COVID-19 condition, memory complaints are common. However, knowledge about these problems and the factors influencing their development is limited. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the functioning of different memory systems at least 12 weeks after the acute phase of COVID; to understand the relationship with subjective complaints; to examine the role of sex; and to determine the most sensitive test for these deficits. Studies published from January 2020 to December 2023 were included. The search was conducted in PubMed and PsycInfo. Of the 399 identified studies, 15 articles were analyzed. The affected memory systems were working memory and episodic memory for both verbal and visual stimuli; and the most sensitive test were the Digit Span test, the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. More studies are needed on the role of sex in post COVID-19 symptoms and on the relationship between subjective complaints and objective performance.
In post COVID-19 condition, memory complaints are common. However, knowledge about these problems and the factors influencing their development is limited. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the functioning of different memory systems at least 12 weeks after the acute phase of COVID; to understand the relationship with subjective complaints; to examine the role of sex; and to determine the most sensitive test for these deficits. Studies published from January 2020 to December 2023 were included. The search was conducted in PubMed and PsycInfo. Of the 399 identified studies, 15 articles were analyzed. The affected memory systems were working memory and episodic memory for both verbal and visual stimuli; and the most sensitive test were the Digit Span test, the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. More studies are needed on the role of sex in post COVID-19 symptoms and on the relationship between subjective complaints and objective performance.
Direction
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Tutorships)
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Tutorships)
Court
FERNÁNDEZ REY, JOSÉ (Chairman)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Secretary)
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Member)
FERNÁNDEZ REY, JOSÉ (Chairman)
Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro (Secretary)
MERINO MADRID, HIPOLITO (Member)
Relationship between self-esteem and perceived social support in first and third year university students.
Authorship
C.E.L.
Psychology
C.E.L.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 10:30
07.08.2024 10:30
Summary
Several studies in the literature report on the relationship between self-esteem and perceived social support in students. Perceived social support contributes to increase self-esteem and it is also a predictor of it. The objective of this work is to study the relationship between self-esteem and perceived social support in a sample of 158 university students in first and third year using empirical data that evaluate self-esteem through Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (1965) and perceived social support through the Perceived Acceptance Scale (Brock, Sarason, Sanghvi and Gurung, 1998). Results show that perceived social support from friends increases in the third year compared to the first year and female students have lower self-esteem scores than their male classmates. We found that perceived acceptance from friends and parents, as well as sex, are significant predictors of self-esteem of students. Results indicate the importance of including the sex when studying the self-esteem of students.
Several studies in the literature report on the relationship between self-esteem and perceived social support in students. Perceived social support contributes to increase self-esteem and it is also a predictor of it. The objective of this work is to study the relationship between self-esteem and perceived social support in a sample of 158 university students in first and third year using empirical data that evaluate self-esteem through Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (1965) and perceived social support through the Perceived Acceptance Scale (Brock, Sarason, Sanghvi and Gurung, 1998). Results show that perceived social support from friends increases in the third year compared to the first year and female students have lower self-esteem scores than their male classmates. We found that perceived acceptance from friends and parents, as well as sex, are significant predictors of self-esteem of students. Results indicate the importance of including the sex when studying the self-esteem of students.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Student’s tutor)
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, MARIA SOLEDAD (Student’s tutor)
Neurofunctional correlates of affective facial expression processing in depressive symptoms and depression
Authorship
C.L.A.
Psychology
C.L.A.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 10:30
07.08.2024 10:30
Summary
The prevention and early detection of depression remain a challenge. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify reliable biomarkers that allow for the objective measurement of characteristics in individuals with depression, with the aim of personalizing treatment and identifying depressive subtypes. Although some consistent findings have been made regarding certain behavioral and functional markers, many results are inconclusive due to a lack of robustness in methodology and data analysis. However, studies involving samples at risk of depression or with subclinical symptoms are very scarce. Therefore, this review has analyzed the most recent studies conducted on samples with major depressive disorder (MDD), subclinical depressive symptoms, or at risk of developing depression, in which neural activation responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during facial expression processing tasks. The results seem to support the existence of impaired emotional processing in patients with MDD, those at risk, and those with subclinical symptoms. This processing impairment is reflected behaviorally in lower accuracy in identifying faces, especially happy ones. At the neurofunctional level, increased activity in limbic regions involved in the perception and production of emotions has been found in response to negatively valenced faces. Regarding frontal regions, while some studies support the hypothesis of dysregulated mood in depression, others support the existence of a compensatory mechanism.
The prevention and early detection of depression remain a challenge. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify reliable biomarkers that allow for the objective measurement of characteristics in individuals with depression, with the aim of personalizing treatment and identifying depressive subtypes. Although some consistent findings have been made regarding certain behavioral and functional markers, many results are inconclusive due to a lack of robustness in methodology and data analysis. However, studies involving samples at risk of depression or with subclinical symptoms are very scarce. Therefore, this review has analyzed the most recent studies conducted on samples with major depressive disorder (MDD), subclinical depressive symptoms, or at risk of developing depression, in which neural activation responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during facial expression processing tasks. The results seem to support the existence of impaired emotional processing in patients with MDD, those at risk, and those with subclinical symptoms. This processing impairment is reflected behaviorally in lower accuracy in identifying faces, especially happy ones. At the neurofunctional level, increased activity in limbic regions involved in the perception and production of emotions has been found in response to negatively valenced faces. Regarding frontal regions, while some studies support the hypothesis of dysregulated mood in depression, others support the existence of a compensatory mechanism.
Direction
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Tutorships)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Tutorships)
Court
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Student’s tutor)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Student’s tutor)
Relationship between a possible videogames addiction and the Child-Parent Violence: An exploratory study
Authorship
J.L.R.M.
Psychology
J.L.R.M.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 12:30
07.09.2024 12:30
Summary
Video games, more than a simple form of leisure, have become an importan socializing agent, through which minors learn behavioral patterns and behavioral models that, depending on the type of video game consumed, can be positive or negative. Likewise, there is growing and relevant social concern about the phenomenon of Child-Parental Violence, where there is some controversy about the possible implications that video games may have on consumers, especially on children and adolescents. Considering the qualitative and quantitative use that the individual makes of video games, he or she can develop Video-Game Use Disorder, which appears in the diagnostic classifications of the WHO (ICD-11) and the APA (Section III of the DSM-5). This work aims to analyze the possible relationship between video game addiction in adolescence and child-parent violence. A study was carried out with a sample of 6892 adolescents between 12-16 years old, observing high rates of video game consumption in terms of frequency of use (78.7% play at least monthly) and hours spent (X= 9,27; DT= 12.848). In addition, significantly higher rates of child-parent violence have been observed, where despite the fact that men have higher rates of problematic use and possible addiction to video games, the rates of child-parent violence are higher for the female gender, than exception of the behavior of physical violence, both in those users with a healthy use of video games, as well as those who have a possible addiction.
Video games, more than a simple form of leisure, have become an importan socializing agent, through which minors learn behavioral patterns and behavioral models that, depending on the type of video game consumed, can be positive or negative. Likewise, there is growing and relevant social concern about the phenomenon of Child-Parental Violence, where there is some controversy about the possible implications that video games may have on consumers, especially on children and adolescents. Considering the qualitative and quantitative use that the individual makes of video games, he or she can develop Video-Game Use Disorder, which appears in the diagnostic classifications of the WHO (ICD-11) and the APA (Section III of the DSM-5). This work aims to analyze the possible relationship between video game addiction in adolescence and child-parent violence. A study was carried out with a sample of 6892 adolescents between 12-16 years old, observing high rates of video game consumption in terms of frequency of use (78.7% play at least monthly) and hours spent (X= 9,27; DT= 12.848). In addition, significantly higher rates of child-parent violence have been observed, where despite the fact that men have higher rates of problematic use and possible addiction to video games, the rates of child-parent violence are higher for the female gender, than exception of the behavior of physical violence, both in those users with a healthy use of video games, as well as those who have a possible addiction.
Direction
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Chairman)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Secretary)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Member)
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Chairman)
ARCE FERNANDEZ, CONSTANTINO (Secretary)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Member)
Memory performance in fibromyalgia patients: a systematic review.
Authorship
L.P.D.
Psychology
L.P.D.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterised by the presence of generalised musculoskeletal pain, but patients present with other diagnostically and functionally relevant symptoms, such as cognitive dysfunction. In particular, the cognitive domain about which patients complain most is memory. The aim of the present systematic review is to search for evidence to determine memory functioning, both objective and subjective, in patients with FM. To this end, a systematic literature search was carried out, from which 11 studies were selected in which a neuropsychological assessment of the objective and/or subjective memory functioning of patients with FM had been carried out. After review of the articles it was observed that patients showed a higher prevalence of complaints concerning their memory functioning than healthy persons, as well as problems with verbal long-term memory. Contradictory results were found with regard to visuospatial long-term memory, making it difficult to draw conclusions due to the small number of studies. Regarding the working memory functioning of FM patients, although discrepancies were found between studies on this aspect, they seem to point to the presence of deficits in visuospatial working memory, while there is little evidence of deficits in verbal working memory.
Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterised by the presence of generalised musculoskeletal pain, but patients present with other diagnostically and functionally relevant symptoms, such as cognitive dysfunction. In particular, the cognitive domain about which patients complain most is memory. The aim of the present systematic review is to search for evidence to determine memory functioning, both objective and subjective, in patients with FM. To this end, a systematic literature search was carried out, from which 11 studies were selected in which a neuropsychological assessment of the objective and/or subjective memory functioning of patients with FM had been carried out. After review of the articles it was observed that patients showed a higher prevalence of complaints concerning their memory functioning than healthy persons, as well as problems with verbal long-term memory. Contradictory results were found with regard to visuospatial long-term memory, making it difficult to draw conclusions due to the small number of studies. Regarding the working memory functioning of FM patients, although discrepancies were found between studies on this aspect, they seem to point to the presence of deficits in visuospatial working memory, while there is little evidence of deficits in verbal working memory.
Direction
Rodríguez Salgado, Dolores (Tutorships)
Rodríguez Salgado, Dolores (Tutorships)
Court
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Chairman)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Secretary)
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Member)
Rivas Torres, Rosa María (Chairman)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Secretary)
CORRAL VARELA, MARIA MONTSERRAT (Member)
Antisocial personality disorder and cocaine use.
Authorship
N.M.T.
Psychology
N.M.T.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Cocaine is widely available in Spain since it is the gateway to Europe, and due to this, the abuse of powder cocaine has risen over the last decade, increasing the incidence of significant clinical complications, mainly in young adults. Because of this problem, the aim of this literature review is to analyze in depth the relationship between antisocial personality disorder and cocaine use. To accomplish, this objective, a search of empirical articles from the last 10 years was carried out, using as descriptive criteria (Cocaine OR Psychostimulants) AND (Antisocial personality disorder OR Personality disorders) in the PubMed and PsycInfo databases, getting a total of 20 papers. Results show that the relationship between antisocial personality disorder and cocaine use is key in most studies. However, there is no clear consensus on this relationship, due to the inclusion of several related variables, the diversity of the samples and the variability of participants. For all these reasons, a more accurate assessment and greater knowledge of the individual differences and characteristics of cocaine users with antisocial personality disorder could have important implications. This would facilitate the adaptation and improvement of treatment programs, as well as helping prevent the deterioration of their condition and quality of life.
Cocaine is widely available in Spain since it is the gateway to Europe, and due to this, the abuse of powder cocaine has risen over the last decade, increasing the incidence of significant clinical complications, mainly in young adults. Because of this problem, the aim of this literature review is to analyze in depth the relationship between antisocial personality disorder and cocaine use. To accomplish, this objective, a search of empirical articles from the last 10 years was carried out, using as descriptive criteria (Cocaine OR Psychostimulants) AND (Antisocial personality disorder OR Personality disorders) in the PubMed and PsycInfo databases, getting a total of 20 papers. Results show that the relationship between antisocial personality disorder and cocaine use is key in most studies. However, there is no clear consensus on this relationship, due to the inclusion of several related variables, the diversity of the samples and the variability of participants. For all these reasons, a more accurate assessment and greater knowledge of the individual differences and characteristics of cocaine users with antisocial personality disorder could have important implications. This would facilitate the adaptation and improvement of treatment programs, as well as helping prevent the deterioration of their condition and quality of life.
Direction
BECOÑA IGLESIAS, ELISARDO (Tutorships)
BECOÑA IGLESIAS, ELISARDO (Tutorships)
Court
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Chairman)
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Secretary)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Member)
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Chairman)
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Secretary)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Member)
Risk factors for suicide in people with schizophrenia. A systematic review.
Authorship
U.R.P.
Psychology
U.R.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
This Final Degree Project aims to carry out an exhaustive and updated documentary review, specifically seeking to identify the risk factors for suicide in people with schizophrenia, and to determine the particularity of these risk factors for this specific population. A systematic review was carried out using the Web of Science (WOS) database and 13 articles were found that met the inclusion criteria and were deemed valid after reading the abstracts. The findings revealed that there are common suicide risk factors in schizophrenia and the general population, such as depression, adverse childhood experiences, a previous history of suicide, substance use and dependence, marital status, sex and age. Additionally, there are diseasespecific risk factors such as adherence to treatment, recent hospital discharge, duration of treatment, duration of disease, period of disease onset, number of hospitalizations, age of disease onset, monthly income and, indirectly, blunted affect and insight or awareness of the illness.
This Final Degree Project aims to carry out an exhaustive and updated documentary review, specifically seeking to identify the risk factors for suicide in people with schizophrenia, and to determine the particularity of these risk factors for this specific population. A systematic review was carried out using the Web of Science (WOS) database and 13 articles were found that met the inclusion criteria and were deemed valid after reading the abstracts. The findings revealed that there are common suicide risk factors in schizophrenia and the general population, such as depression, adverse childhood experiences, a previous history of suicide, substance use and dependence, marital status, sex and age. Additionally, there are diseasespecific risk factors such as adherence to treatment, recent hospital discharge, duration of treatment, duration of disease, period of disease onset, number of hospitalizations, age of disease onset, monthly income and, indirectly, blunted affect and insight or awareness of the illness.
Direction
REAL DEUS, JOSE EULOGIO (Tutorships)
REAL DEUS, JOSE EULOGIO (Tutorships)
Court
ANDRADE FERNANDEZ, ELENA MARIA (Chairman)
IGLESIAS CRIADO, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
PEREIRO ROZAS, ARTURO JOSE (Member)
ANDRADE FERNANDEZ, ELENA MARIA (Chairman)
IGLESIAS CRIADO, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
PEREIRO ROZAS, ARTURO JOSE (Member)
Traditional gender roles and sexual satisfaction
Authorship
L.G.C.
Psychology
L.G.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 13:30
07.08.2024 13:30
Summary
Traditional gender roles establish a set of rules, different between men and women, which permeate through the sexual context. For men, they allow higher sexual freedom, while women are restricted to showing themselves repressed and submissive in sex. Therefore, those gender roles determine the Traditional Sexual Script (TSS), which establish the rules in sexual relationships, and it is highly rooted to our social structure. The general aim of this systematic revision is to update the evidence of the last 12 years about the adherence of men and women to the TSS, and also get to know its consequences on the quality of sexual experience. For this, 19 studies that analyse the TSS, the Sexual Double Standard (SDS) and the Benevolent sexism (BS) regarding satisfaction in sexual relationships were selected. After the articles were revised, it was found that traditional gender roles still harm the quality of sexual relationships. It was found that women adopt a submissive role in their sexual relationships, which indicates a greater compliance with unwanted sexual practices and a lower satisfaction. Besides, men sexual freedom is also damaged by those roles, although to a lesser extent.
Traditional gender roles establish a set of rules, different between men and women, which permeate through the sexual context. For men, they allow higher sexual freedom, while women are restricted to showing themselves repressed and submissive in sex. Therefore, those gender roles determine the Traditional Sexual Script (TSS), which establish the rules in sexual relationships, and it is highly rooted to our social structure. The general aim of this systematic revision is to update the evidence of the last 12 years about the adherence of men and women to the TSS, and also get to know its consequences on the quality of sexual experience. For this, 19 studies that analyse the TSS, the Sexual Double Standard (SDS) and the Benevolent sexism (BS) regarding satisfaction in sexual relationships were selected. After the articles were revised, it was found that traditional gender roles still harm the quality of sexual relationships. It was found that women adopt a submissive role in their sexual relationships, which indicates a greater compliance with unwanted sexual practices and a lower satisfaction. Besides, men sexual freedom is also damaged by those roles, although to a lesser extent.
Direction
Mirón Redondo, María Lourdes (Tutorships)
Mirón Redondo, María Lourdes (Tutorships)
Court
Mirón Redondo, María Lourdes (Student’s tutor)
Mirón Redondo, María Lourdes (Student’s tutor)
Psychotherapy in people with HIV and depression. A bibliographic review.
Authorship
J.F.F.
Psychology
J.F.F.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Over the past few years, the strong relationship between HIV and depression has been confirmed, making it crucial to increase knowledge about the treatment of this disorder to ensure the psychological well-being and quality of life of people with HIV.The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the effectiveness of various types of psychotherapies (interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and group supportive psychotherapy) in reducing depressive symptoms.The results indicate that, in general, psychotherapies have been effective in reducing depressive symptoms, as well as other variables, proving to be suitable for improving the quality of life of people with HIV.
Over the past few years, the strong relationship between HIV and depression has been confirmed, making it crucial to increase knowledge about the treatment of this disorder to ensure the psychological well-being and quality of life of people with HIV.The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the effectiveness of various types of psychotherapies (interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and group supportive psychotherapy) in reducing depressive symptoms.The results indicate that, in general, psychotherapies have been effective in reducing depressive symptoms, as well as other variables, proving to be suitable for improving the quality of life of people with HIV.
Direction
Castro Bolaño, Maria Cristina (Tutorships)
Castro Bolaño, Maria Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Chairman)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Secretary)
Díaz Fernández, Fernando (Member)
Lojo Seoane, Cristina (Chairman)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Secretary)
Díaz Fernández, Fernando (Member)
Fear of Missing Out and Social Networks: The Role of Nomophobia and the Need to Belong
Authorship
M.D.P.M.D.L.
Psychology
M.D.P.M.D.L.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 13:00
07.15.2024 13:00
Summary
It is inconceivable to try to understand today's society without the presence of Information and Communication Technologies. Progress in this field has transformed technological devices and social networks into fundamental components of our daily lives. Although their advantages are evident, inappropriate use can give rise to problems that some experts already called technological addictions. The present research focuses on the study of Fear of Missing Out and its relationship with social networks, Nomophobia, Need to Belong, Self-Esteem, and Social Anxiety online. In addition, for the FoMO, we used an extended version of the original scale. We used a sample of 238 students from the Faculty of Psychology at USC .The results showed that Need for Belonging is the factor with the greatest explanatory capacity for FoMO. In turn, a relationship was observed between FoMO, Nomophobia and the abuse of social networks, which can lead to the experience of negative symptoms. Gender differences were also studied and found to be significant for all variables except for Nomophobia factors II and III. Similarly, differences between average hours of social network use were statistically significant on all variables except for the Interaction Anxiety dimension of the SAS-SMU.
It is inconceivable to try to understand today's society without the presence of Information and Communication Technologies. Progress in this field has transformed technological devices and social networks into fundamental components of our daily lives. Although their advantages are evident, inappropriate use can give rise to problems that some experts already called technological addictions. The present research focuses on the study of Fear of Missing Out and its relationship with social networks, Nomophobia, Need to Belong, Self-Esteem, and Social Anxiety online. In addition, for the FoMO, we used an extended version of the original scale. We used a sample of 238 students from the Faculty of Psychology at USC .The results showed that Need for Belonging is the factor with the greatest explanatory capacity for FoMO. In turn, a relationship was observed between FoMO, Nomophobia and the abuse of social networks, which can lead to the experience of negative symptoms. Gender differences were also studied and found to be significant for all variables except for Nomophobia factors II and III. Similarly, differences between average hours of social network use were statistically significant on all variables except for the Interaction Anxiety dimension of the SAS-SMU.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Student’s tutor)
RODRIGUEZ CASAL, MAURO LUCIO (Student’s tutor)
Neurological correlates of Internet gaming disorder in adolescents.
Authorship
C.B.D.
Psychology
C.B.D.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 11:30
07.15.2024 11:30
Summary
The growing social concern about non-substance addictions has driven numerous lines of research, highlighting the study of a possible addiction to video games. This concern has led the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM-5] to include Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in its section III. For its part, the WHO has included Gaming Disorder in the new edition of the International Classification of Diseases [ICD-11], pointing out that it could be caused by offline and online gambling behaviors. Despite the proliferation of studies, there are still unknowns, particularly about the possible neurological correlates in this new form of addiction. The aim of this review is to bring together the knowledge generated in the last 5 years about the neurobiological correlates associated with IGD and its behavioral repercussions in adolescents. The results indicate that adolescents with IGD have worse inhibitory control and greater impulsivity. These deficits were related to anomalies in the reward system and in the executive network. Altered connections were found in frontal, temporal and fronto-parietal areas, affecting decision-making and emotional regulation. Regarding the reward system, greater connectivity was observed in the striatum, ventral tegmental area, hippocampus and motor cortex. Finally, the need for interventions that improve functional connectivity and cognitive abilities is highlighted, suggesting an interdisciplinary approach in treatment that combines cognitive-behavioral therapies with neurological interventions to improve impulse control and behavior regulation.
The growing social concern about non-substance addictions has driven numerous lines of research, highlighting the study of a possible addiction to video games. This concern has led the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM-5] to include Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in its section III. For its part, the WHO has included Gaming Disorder in the new edition of the International Classification of Diseases [ICD-11], pointing out that it could be caused by offline and online gambling behaviors. Despite the proliferation of studies, there are still unknowns, particularly about the possible neurological correlates in this new form of addiction. The aim of this review is to bring together the knowledge generated in the last 5 years about the neurobiological correlates associated with IGD and its behavioral repercussions in adolescents. The results indicate that adolescents with IGD have worse inhibitory control and greater impulsivity. These deficits were related to anomalies in the reward system and in the executive network. Altered connections were found in frontal, temporal and fronto-parietal areas, affecting decision-making and emotional regulation. Regarding the reward system, greater connectivity was observed in the striatum, ventral tegmental area, hippocampus and motor cortex. Finally, the need for interventions that improve functional connectivity and cognitive abilities is highlighted, suggesting an interdisciplinary approach in treatment that combines cognitive-behavioral therapies with neurological interventions to improve impulse control and behavior regulation.
Direction
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Student’s tutor)
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Student’s tutor)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
S.M.R.
Psychology
S.M.R.
Psychology
Defense date
02.15.2024 12:30
02.15.2024 12:30
Summary
Workplace harassment is a phenomenon that affects 1 in 10 workers daily, significantly impacting their psychological well-being and job performance. In this context, the role of bystanders in workplace harassment has been of interest in the literature, as their intervention can influence the mitigation or perpetuation of these behaviors. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of bystanders on workplace harassment, specifically their ability to modify its course. A systematic literature review was conducted following the guidelines established in the PRISMA statement. Eight empirical articles on the role of bystanders in mobbing were analyzed. The main results reveal that the presence of constructive bystanders in workplace harassment situations is associated with benefits such as increased job engagement, reduced emotional exhaustion, and decreased work-related depression. They can also interrupt the power imbalance between the harasser and the victim and reduce the frequency and intensity of harassment. The presence of destructive bystanders is associated with decreased job engagement, an increase in the intention to leave the job, perpetuation of an unsafe work environment, and a perception of lower quality of attention. In conclusion, the behavior of bystanders has a significant influence on the course of workplace harassment, making it essential to consider them when developing prevention and intervention plans.
Workplace harassment is a phenomenon that affects 1 in 10 workers daily, significantly impacting their psychological well-being and job performance. In this context, the role of bystanders in workplace harassment has been of interest in the literature, as their intervention can influence the mitigation or perpetuation of these behaviors. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of bystanders on workplace harassment, specifically their ability to modify its course. A systematic literature review was conducted following the guidelines established in the PRISMA statement. Eight empirical articles on the role of bystanders in mobbing were analyzed. The main results reveal that the presence of constructive bystanders in workplace harassment situations is associated with benefits such as increased job engagement, reduced emotional exhaustion, and decreased work-related depression. They can also interrupt the power imbalance between the harasser and the victim and reduce the frequency and intensity of harassment. The presence of destructive bystanders is associated with decreased job engagement, an increase in the intention to leave the job, perpetuation of an unsafe work environment, and a perception of lower quality of attention. In conclusion, the behavior of bystanders has a significant influence on the course of workplace harassment, making it essential to consider them when developing prevention and intervention plans.
Direction
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Tutorships)
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Tutorships)
Court
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Student’s tutor)
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Student’s tutor)
Psychological distress and willingness to forgive: a study with semi-open prison inmates.
Authorship
A.P.G.
Psychology
A.P.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Incarceration can have negative effects on the physical and mental health of inmates. In recent years a great interest has emerged in the study of forgiveness, which has been defined as “a process consisting of three dimensions: the propensity to forgive oneself, to forgive others and to receive forgiveness from others”. Most of the research related to the topic of forgiveness has been conducted on general population samples and some studies in this field have focused on victims of certain crimes. However, the existing literature on the prison population is scarce. Within this framework, the present study is based on examining psychological distress and the process of forgiveness in a sample of semi-open prison inmates. For this purpose, 50 semi-open prisoners (88% men, 12% women), with an age range between 21 and 67 years (M = 40.80, SD = 12.78), completed the measurement instruments. The results show that there is a high prevalence of psychological distress in the participants, as well as an inverse relationship between the forgiveness process and these symptoms. Bearing in mind the limitations of our study, we discuss the results obtained and propose future lines of research focused on action plans aimed at improving the psychological well-being of this population and, in turn, facilitating adequate reintegration.
Incarceration can have negative effects on the physical and mental health of inmates. In recent years a great interest has emerged in the study of forgiveness, which has been defined as “a process consisting of three dimensions: the propensity to forgive oneself, to forgive others and to receive forgiveness from others”. Most of the research related to the topic of forgiveness has been conducted on general population samples and some studies in this field have focused on victims of certain crimes. However, the existing literature on the prison population is scarce. Within this framework, the present study is based on examining psychological distress and the process of forgiveness in a sample of semi-open prison inmates. For this purpose, 50 semi-open prisoners (88% men, 12% women), with an age range between 21 and 67 years (M = 40.80, SD = 12.78), completed the measurement instruments. The results show that there is a high prevalence of psychological distress in the participants, as well as an inverse relationship between the forgiveness process and these symptoms. Bearing in mind the limitations of our study, we discuss the results obtained and propose future lines of research focused on action plans aimed at improving the psychological well-being of this population and, in turn, facilitating adequate reintegration.
Direction
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Tutorships)
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Tutorships)
Court
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Chairman)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Secretary)
LOPEZ ROMERO, MARÍA LAURA (Member)
BLANCO RIAL, MANUEL JOSE (Chairman)
LINDIN NOVO, MONICA (Secretary)
LOPEZ ROMERO, MARÍA LAURA (Member)
Effects of collaborative remembering in the transmission of misinformation
Authorship
A.V.A.
Psychology
A.V.A.
Psychology
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Collective memory, and especially collaborative memory, is an understudied phenomenon compared to individual memory. Research on false memories within this field focuses on studies with the DRM paradigm, a paradigm with little applied interest or social implications. However, the misinformation paradigm or the social contagion paradigm seem to have more applied utility in the study of false memories. The purpose of this paper is to gather recent literature and research on collaborative memory and its effects on the transmission of misinformation, in relation to the creation of false memories. A literature review based on the PRISMA method was conducted using several databases, in which 11 studies were finally included. These studies analyse the different variables that may affect the effects of collaboration, including various collaborative methods. The results found are rather ambiguous, highlighting the need to encourage more research that delves deeper into the different factors or aspects that encompass collaborative recall.
Collective memory, and especially collaborative memory, is an understudied phenomenon compared to individual memory. Research on false memories within this field focuses on studies with the DRM paradigm, a paradigm with little applied interest or social implications. However, the misinformation paradigm or the social contagion paradigm seem to have more applied utility in the study of false memories. The purpose of this paper is to gather recent literature and research on collaborative memory and its effects on the transmission of misinformation, in relation to the creation of false memories. A literature review based on the PRISMA method was conducted using several databases, in which 11 studies were finally included. These studies analyse the different variables that may affect the effects of collaboration, including various collaborative methods. The results found are rather ambiguous, highlighting the need to encourage more research that delves deeper into the different factors or aspects that encompass collaborative recall.
Direction
FERNÁNDEZ REY, JOSÉ (Tutorships)
FERNÁNDEZ REY, JOSÉ (Tutorships)
Court
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Chairman)
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Secretary)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Member)
Montes Piñeiro, Carlos (Chairman)
REDONDO LAGO, JAIME MAURO (Secretary)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Member)
Self-forgiveness in penitentiary population
Authorship
M.F.C.
Psychology
M.F.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:00
07.15.2024 10:00
Summary
The result of the effect of imprisonment is often a pronounced deterioration in physical and mental health. From the Therapeutic Justice, a transformative approach that humanizes the penal system and perceives the law as a therapeutic agent, the process of self-forgiveness is incorporated, defined as the willingness to abandon self-resentment in the face of a recognized objective fault, while fostering compassion, generosity and self-love, based on scientific evidence that warns of the importance of this psychological variable for the well-being of people involved in judicial proceedings. Despite the growing presence of forgiveness as an object of research, studies often cover the general population and the traditional victim-offender relationship, giving up work in the most difficult dimension of the experience of forgiveness, self-forgiveness, especially in persons in custody. Under this framework, a systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out to explore self-preservation process in a prison sample. Taking into consideration the limitations of our research, the results obtained are discussed and guidance is provided regarding future lines of research, with the aim of enriching the field of study with a view to the implementation of intervention programmes on self-forgiveness in the execution of sentences, in order to counteract the effects of imprisonment.
The result of the effect of imprisonment is often a pronounced deterioration in physical and mental health. From the Therapeutic Justice, a transformative approach that humanizes the penal system and perceives the law as a therapeutic agent, the process of self-forgiveness is incorporated, defined as the willingness to abandon self-resentment in the face of a recognized objective fault, while fostering compassion, generosity and self-love, based on scientific evidence that warns of the importance of this psychological variable for the well-being of people involved in judicial proceedings. Despite the growing presence of forgiveness as an object of research, studies often cover the general population and the traditional victim-offender relationship, giving up work in the most difficult dimension of the experience of forgiveness, self-forgiveness, especially in persons in custody. Under this framework, a systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out to explore self-preservation process in a prison sample. Taking into consideration the limitations of our research, the results obtained are discussed and guidance is provided regarding future lines of research, with the aim of enriching the field of study with a view to the implementation of intervention programmes on self-forgiveness in the execution of sentences, in order to counteract the effects of imprisonment.
Direction
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Tutorships)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Tutorships)
Court
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Student’s tutor)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Student’s tutor)
The impact of mindfulness on stress and anxiety in university students: a review of the literature
Authorship
A.B.M.
Psychology
A.B.M.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Stress and anxiety are two very common symptoms among university students today. The efficacy of mindfulness in the general population to improve the well-being has been studied for years, but it has not been extensively focused on this highly affected population. The main objective of this work was to conducte a literatura review on the effectiveness of the mindfulness technique to reduce anxiety and stress in university students. The search was carried out in the PsycINFO and Web of Science databases, and 10 randomised controlled studies were selected. Of these, four used Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR); four used Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT); and two used Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI), although some of these studies made modifications to suit their interests. From the results it is concluded that mindfulness techniques are effective in improving the mental health and well-being of students, providing a tool for this educational stage. However, further research is needed in this area in order to generalise the results to make these techniques more robust. In addition, long-term studies should be considered to check whether this efficacy is maintained and/or whether there are any possible side effects.
Stress and anxiety are two very common symptoms among university students today. The efficacy of mindfulness in the general population to improve the well-being has been studied for years, but it has not been extensively focused on this highly affected population. The main objective of this work was to conducte a literatura review on the effectiveness of the mindfulness technique to reduce anxiety and stress in university students. The search was carried out in the PsycINFO and Web of Science databases, and 10 randomised controlled studies were selected. Of these, four used Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR); four used Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT); and two used Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI), although some of these studies made modifications to suit their interests. From the results it is concluded that mindfulness techniques are effective in improving the mental health and well-being of students, providing a tool for this educational stage. However, further research is needed in this area in order to generalise the results to make these techniques more robust. In addition, long-term studies should be considered to check whether this efficacy is maintained and/or whether there are any possible side effects.
Direction
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Tutorships)
COTARDO VALCARCEL, TANIA (Co-tutorships)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Tutorships)
COTARDO VALCARCEL, TANIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
GOMEZ FRAGUELA, Xosé Antón (Secretary)
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Chairman)
GOMEZ FRAGUELA, Xosé Antón (Secretary)
AMENEDO LOSADA, MARIA ELENA (Member)
Exploration of Burnout Syndrome in Athlete: Influential Variables
Authorship
G.M.P.
Psychology
G.M.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 13:00
07.08.2024 13:00
Summary
esearch on the phenomenon of burnout in athletes has grown significantly in recent decades. Much of this research has focused on identifying the significant variables that influence the syndrome. These range from personal variables such as perfectionism or optimism and contextual variables such as the coach-athlete relationship or de motivational climate. This literature review examines the results and advancements of these studies in their effort to find the factors affecting the three dimensions of burnout in athletes. Additionally, it seeks to provide a comprehensive view of the phenomenon and raise awareness about the well-being of athletes at all levels.
esearch on the phenomenon of burnout in athletes has grown significantly in recent decades. Much of this research has focused on identifying the significant variables that influence the syndrome. These range from personal variables such as perfectionism or optimism and contextual variables such as the coach-athlete relationship or de motivational climate. This literature review examines the results and advancements of these studies in their effort to find the factors affecting the three dimensions of burnout in athletes. Additionally, it seeks to provide a comprehensive view of the phenomenon and raise awareness about the well-being of athletes at all levels.
Direction
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Tutorships)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Tutorships)
Court
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Student’s tutor)
Leirós Lobeiras, Luz Isabel (Student’s tutor)
Childhooh, television and parental mediation
Authorship
N.M.G.
Psychology
N.M.G.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Television occupies a significant portion of the time of today´s families. Specifically, children spend a considerable amount of their time consuming television content. The way they interact with the screen is subject to constant change. The aim of this work is to explore how television consumption influences children´s development and the role that parents play in this Dynamic. To this end, a literature review was conducted, examining some studies that addressed the relationship between child development and television, as well as the importance of parental involvement for healthy development in the presence of television. The results of the review suggest that the amount of time spent in front of the television at an early age is negatively associated with child development, although educational content may have positive effects. Parental mediation, which includes various strategies, is crucial for mitigating the negative effects and enhancing the positive effects of children's television consumption. It was found that children exposed to screens without proper parental mediation had lower scores on measures of cognitive and social development. Additionally, co-viewing and active parental interaction during television content improve children's comprehension and social skills. It´s necessary for future studies to address not only the general exposure to televisión but also the specific content that children are exposed to. Additionally, it is advisable to use more diverse simples and longitudinal methods.
Television occupies a significant portion of the time of today´s families. Specifically, children spend a considerable amount of their time consuming television content. The way they interact with the screen is subject to constant change. The aim of this work is to explore how television consumption influences children´s development and the role that parents play in this Dynamic. To this end, a literature review was conducted, examining some studies that addressed the relationship between child development and television, as well as the importance of parental involvement for healthy development in the presence of television. The results of the review suggest that the amount of time spent in front of the television at an early age is negatively associated with child development, although educational content may have positive effects. Parental mediation, which includes various strategies, is crucial for mitigating the negative effects and enhancing the positive effects of children's television consumption. It was found that children exposed to screens without proper parental mediation had lower scores on measures of cognitive and social development. Additionally, co-viewing and active parental interaction during television content improve children's comprehension and social skills. It´s necessary for future studies to address not only the general exposure to televisión but also the specific content that children are exposed to. Additionally, it is advisable to use more diverse simples and longitudinal methods.
Direction
Páramo Fernández, María Fernanda (Tutorships)
Páramo Fernández, María Fernanda (Tutorships)
Court
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Chairman)
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Secretary)
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Member)
DURAN RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DEL MAR (Chairman)
Tinajero Vacas, Carolina (Secretary)
Álvarez Cruz, Antonio Alfonso (Member)
Responsible tourist experience: conscious tourism
Authorship
A.C.P.
Psychology
A.C.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Conscious tourism is a concept that has evolved from sustainable tourism, and is associated with self-critical, responsible and reflective tourism that respects both the environment and the local community. Stemming from this is the importance of sustainable tourism practices and pro-environmental behaviour before, during and after travelling. The main objective of this empirical research is to verify the degree of environmental and social awareness and responsibility of tourists in the province of A Coruña. To achieve this objective, a population sample was collected via social media (mainly WhatsApp and Instagram) from residents in the province of legal age. Exploratory-descriptive type research was conducted, based on a quantitative methodology, with the application of a survey designed for this purpose. Subsequently, statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software. In general, the results show that, at present, the population is quite indifferent to conscious tourism. However, they also reveal that people are more conscious when they travel, adopting more pro-environmental and pro-social attitudes, and that women seem to show higher percentages of awareness levels. Despite the progress made, we must not forget certain limitations and future indications that must be taken into account in order to continue improving as responsible tourists.
Conscious tourism is a concept that has evolved from sustainable tourism, and is associated with self-critical, responsible and reflective tourism that respects both the environment and the local community. Stemming from this is the importance of sustainable tourism practices and pro-environmental behaviour before, during and after travelling. The main objective of this empirical research is to verify the degree of environmental and social awareness and responsibility of tourists in the province of A Coruña. To achieve this objective, a population sample was collected via social media (mainly WhatsApp and Instagram) from residents in the province of legal age. Exploratory-descriptive type research was conducted, based on a quantitative methodology, with the application of a survey designed for this purpose. Subsequently, statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software. In general, the results show that, at present, the population is quite indifferent to conscious tourism. However, they also reveal that people are more conscious when they travel, adopting more pro-environmental and pro-social attitudes, and that women seem to show higher percentages of awareness levels. Despite the progress made, we must not forget certain limitations and future indications that must be taken into account in order to continue improving as responsible tourists.
Direction
VARELA MALLOU, JESUS (Tutorships)
VARELA MALLOU, JESUS (Tutorships)
Court
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Chairman)
SANTIAGO MARIÑO, MARIA JOSE (Secretary)
Rodríguez Salgado, Dolores (Member)
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Chairman)
SANTIAGO MARIÑO, MARIA JOSE (Secretary)
Rodríguez Salgado, Dolores (Member)
Well-being in classrooms: Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based interventions on well-being and other positive psychology variables in the educational setting.
Authorship
M.L.C.
Psychology
M.L.C.
Psychology
Defense date
09.10.2024 11:00
09.10.2024 11:00
Summary
Mindfulness is a practice within positive psychology that involves training focused attention and open (non-judgmental) monitoring of experiences. The benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have been extensively studied in different populations, with children, youth and students being among the least researched, despite promising results. The main objective of the following work was to analyse the effects that IBMs can have within the framework of positive psychology and the variables it covers (attention or flow, savouring or positive affect, negative affect and well-being), as well as on other variables (e.g., cognitive functions, stress, emotional regulation, socio-emotional competences, classroom climate) within the educational system (from primary school to postgraduate university studies). For this purpose, a search for scientific articles in English and Spanish was carried out using the keywords (‘Mindfulness-based interventions’ AND ‘Positive Psychology’ AND ‘Effects’ AND ‘Educat*’) in the PsycInfo databases and the Iacobus catalogue. Nine research studies were located. Of these, five were experimental studies and four were quasi-experimental studies. The results showed a general pattern of increased mindfulness as a state/trait and well-being; an improvement in cognitive functions, social-emotional competences and classroom climate; as well as a decrease in stress and disruptive behaviours in the classroom. In addition, these interventions have been found to be feasible and well-received by teachers and students.
Mindfulness is a practice within positive psychology that involves training focused attention and open (non-judgmental) monitoring of experiences. The benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have been extensively studied in different populations, with children, youth and students being among the least researched, despite promising results. The main objective of the following work was to analyse the effects that IBMs can have within the framework of positive psychology and the variables it covers (attention or flow, savouring or positive affect, negative affect and well-being), as well as on other variables (e.g., cognitive functions, stress, emotional regulation, socio-emotional competences, classroom climate) within the educational system (from primary school to postgraduate university studies). For this purpose, a search for scientific articles in English and Spanish was carried out using the keywords (‘Mindfulness-based interventions’ AND ‘Positive Psychology’ AND ‘Effects’ AND ‘Educat*’) in the PsycInfo databases and the Iacobus catalogue. Nine research studies were located. Of these, five were experimental studies and four were quasi-experimental studies. The results showed a general pattern of increased mindfulness as a state/trait and well-being; an improvement in cognitive functions, social-emotional competences and classroom climate; as well as a decrease in stress and disruptive behaviours in the classroom. In addition, these interventions have been found to be feasible and well-received by teachers and students.
Direction
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Student’s tutor)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, FERNANDO LINO (Student’s tutor)
The co-occurrence of ADHD and anxiety in the child and adolescent population: a review of its manifestation and etiology from a gender perspective
Authorship
S.M.L.
Psychology
S.M.L.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
ADHD is the most prevalent diagnosis in children. In addition to important implications at the level of maladaptive behavior, it entails multiple problems and associated risk factors. When symptoms of anxiety are manifested together, they give the cooccurring presentation a marked severity. In order to explore its characteristics and evolutionary paths, as well as to identify the risk factors that allow clarifying its etiology and development, a systematic review has been carried out. This, in addition, adopting a gender perspective that allows the identification and analysis of the differences that occur depending on this variable, given the particular influence it exerts on the presence and expression of the different psychological problems. For this, the Psycinfo, Medline, and Web of Science databases were used, including the review of a total of 17 articles published between 2013 and 2024. Thus, there are temperamental variables such as emotional dysregulation and high reactivity at an early age that act as risk factors for this co- occurring presentation. High-intensity externalizing symptomatology is an individual variable that is also a risk factor, as is maternal depressive symptomatology. Victimization and social rejection are relational variables that have a great influence on the appearance and course. The female gender stands out as a sociodemographic variable that is an important risk factor, which does not seem to be considered as it should be in research and clinical practice, limiting both substantially.
ADHD is the most prevalent diagnosis in children. In addition to important implications at the level of maladaptive behavior, it entails multiple problems and associated risk factors. When symptoms of anxiety are manifested together, they give the cooccurring presentation a marked severity. In order to explore its characteristics and evolutionary paths, as well as to identify the risk factors that allow clarifying its etiology and development, a systematic review has been carried out. This, in addition, adopting a gender perspective that allows the identification and analysis of the differences that occur depending on this variable, given the particular influence it exerts on the presence and expression of the different psychological problems. For this, the Psycinfo, Medline, and Web of Science databases were used, including the review of a total of 17 articles published between 2013 and 2024. Thus, there are temperamental variables such as emotional dysregulation and high reactivity at an early age that act as risk factors for this co- occurring presentation. High-intensity externalizing symptomatology is an individual variable that is also a risk factor, as is maternal depressive symptomatology. Victimization and social rejection are relational variables that have a great influence on the appearance and course. The female gender stands out as a sociodemographic variable that is an important risk factor, which does not seem to be considered as it should be in research and clinical practice, limiting both substantially.
Direction
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Tutorships)
VILLAR TORRES, PAULA (Tutorships)
Court
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Chairman)
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Secretary)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Member)
Sabucedo Cameselle, Jose Manuel (Chairman)
Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando (Secretary)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Member)
HD-tACS effects at theta and gamma frequencies on episodic memory and working memory
Authorship
A.A.S.R.
Psychology
A.A.S.R.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a neuromodulation technique that can induce changes in endogenous brain oscillations involved in different cognitive processes. In previous studies, stimulation via theta (4-7 Hz) and gamma (30-80 Hz) oscillations had the capacity to modulate episodic memory (EM) and working memory (WM). Therefore, the objective of the current study is to determine the effectiveness of HD-tACS-theta (6 Hz) and HD-tACS-gamma (60 Hz) applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in a sample of 21 healthy young people to improve their performances in an EM task and a MT task (3-back). Firstly, it was expected that HD-tACS-gamma, in comparison to placebo, would improve EM performance, as well as influence the amplitude of event-related potentials associated with recognition memory (P600 and LPC), in an old/new type task. Secondly, it was hypothesized that HD-tACS-theta would enhance MT performance in comparison to placebo in a 3-back task. To evaluate these effects, all participants had to undergo three different experimental conditions in a counterbalanced manner: HD-tACS-theta, HD-tACS-gamma and HD-tACS-sham (placebo). The results obtained in the statistical analyses (Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test) show that HD-tACS-gamma applied over the left DLPFC impaired performance in the EM task, which relates to the lower amplitudes found in the P600 (elicited by “old” images) and the LPC components, in comparison to HD-tACS-sham and HD-tACS-theta, indicating that HD-tACS-gamma can negatively interfere with recall and post-recall monitorization processes. In the WM task, neither HD-tACS-theta nor HD-tACS-gamma had any modulation effects in comparison to the placebo condition, showing a lack of capacity to modulate WM processes with HD-tACS.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a neuromodulation technique that can induce changes in endogenous brain oscillations involved in different cognitive processes. In previous studies, stimulation via theta (4-7 Hz) and gamma (30-80 Hz) oscillations had the capacity to modulate episodic memory (EM) and working memory (WM). Therefore, the objective of the current study is to determine the effectiveness of HD-tACS-theta (6 Hz) and HD-tACS-gamma (60 Hz) applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in a sample of 21 healthy young people to improve their performances in an EM task and a MT task (3-back). Firstly, it was expected that HD-tACS-gamma, in comparison to placebo, would improve EM performance, as well as influence the amplitude of event-related potentials associated with recognition memory (P600 and LPC), in an old/new type task. Secondly, it was hypothesized that HD-tACS-theta would enhance MT performance in comparison to placebo in a 3-back task. To evaluate these effects, all participants had to undergo three different experimental conditions in a counterbalanced manner: HD-tACS-theta, HD-tACS-gamma and HD-tACS-sham (placebo). The results obtained in the statistical analyses (Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test) show that HD-tACS-gamma applied over the left DLPFC impaired performance in the EM task, which relates to the lower amplitudes found in the P600 (elicited by “old” images) and the LPC components, in comparison to HD-tACS-sham and HD-tACS-theta, indicating that HD-tACS-gamma can negatively interfere with recall and post-recall monitorization processes. In the WM task, neither HD-tACS-theta nor HD-tACS-gamma had any modulation effects in comparison to the placebo condition, showing a lack of capacity to modulate WM processes with HD-tACS.
Direction
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Tutorships)
CORREA JARABA, KENIA SHAILY (Co-tutorships)
CID FERNANDEZ, SUSANA (Tutorships)
CORREA JARABA, KENIA SHAILY (Co-tutorships)
Court
ANDRADE FERNANDEZ, ELENA MARIA (Chairman)
IGLESIAS CRIADO, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
PEREIRO ROZAS, ARTURO JOSE (Member)
ANDRADE FERNANDEZ, ELENA MARIA (Chairman)
IGLESIAS CRIADO, MARIA DEL MAR (Secretary)
PEREIRO ROZAS, ARTURO JOSE (Member)
Nightmares and flashbacks: reexperiencing the trauma
Authorship
C.B.V.
Psychology
C.B.V.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
When someone lived a traumatic experience their memory can suffer certain alterations; it can be affected along a continuum that goes from hypermnesia, that is the recurring remembering of what happened caused by intrusive symptoms, to amnesia, which involves forgetting what happened or the appearance of gaps in certain periods. The objective of this review is to verify how the most common re-experiencing symptoms manifest after a traumatic event: nightmares and flashbacks. In addition to checking its presence, we seek to know if there are differences in the content in reference to certain variables (such as gender or age), its prevalence and talk about one of the four controversial issues within this field of study: whether the traumatic memories are inherently different from non-traumatic memories. To developed this work, a bibliographic search was carried out for research validated by experts in two databases: PsycInfo and Dialnet. 13 articles published between 2017 and 2024 were selected, they could be part of the review because they met the inclusion criteria, adjusted to the topic. With the findings found in the studies, it was proven that it is very likely that, after experiencing a traumatic event, the person experiences nightmares and flashbacks; furthermore, we observe that variables such as the type of psychological disorder, age, time, emotions and gender influence these two symptoms. Regarding the controversial issue proposed by Brewin (2007), with this review we can question his statement about that only in the case of clinical samples are traumatic and non-traumatic memories inherently different.
When someone lived a traumatic experience their memory can suffer certain alterations; it can be affected along a continuum that goes from hypermnesia, that is the recurring remembering of what happened caused by intrusive symptoms, to amnesia, which involves forgetting what happened or the appearance of gaps in certain periods. The objective of this review is to verify how the most common re-experiencing symptoms manifest after a traumatic event: nightmares and flashbacks. In addition to checking its presence, we seek to know if there are differences in the content in reference to certain variables (such as gender or age), its prevalence and talk about one of the four controversial issues within this field of study: whether the traumatic memories are inherently different from non-traumatic memories. To developed this work, a bibliographic search was carried out for research validated by experts in two databases: PsycInfo and Dialnet. 13 articles published between 2017 and 2024 were selected, they could be part of the review because they met the inclusion criteria, adjusted to the topic. With the findings found in the studies, it was proven that it is very likely that, after experiencing a traumatic event, the person experiences nightmares and flashbacks; furthermore, we observe that variables such as the type of psychological disorder, age, time, emotions and gender influence these two symptoms. Regarding the controversial issue proposed by Brewin (2007), with this review we can question his statement about that only in the case of clinical samples are traumatic and non-traumatic memories inherently different.
Direction
FERNÁNDEZ REY, JOSÉ (Tutorships)
FERNÁNDEZ REY, JOSÉ (Tutorships)
Court
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ESMORIS ARRANZ, FRANCISCO JOSE (Secretary)
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Member)
Pazo Álvarez, Paula (Chairman)
ESMORIS ARRANZ, FRANCISCO JOSE (Secretary)
ALZATE GARCIA, MONICA (Member)
Bullying and cyberbullying: beyond the gender binary
Authorship
U.C.P.
Psychology
U.C.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Bullying and cyberbullying are phenomena of growing global concern. Recent reports published by institutions such as UNESCO warn that this problem may affect up to one out of three adolescents worldwide. The role of gender in victimization and aggression rates of both types of bullying has been studied in the literature, but in most cases, it is approached from a sex perspective or exclusively contemplating the traditional gender options of man and woman. In this work, gender differences in bullying and cyberbullying are analyzed considering the different profiles of victimization and aggression and taking into account non-normative gender identities like non-binary gender or genderfluid. Aside from gender, the role of sexual orientation in these phenomena is also analyzed on an exploratory basis. A descriptive study has been carried out with a sample of 40.811 secondary school Spanish students with ages that range from 12 to 17 years old. The EBIP-Q and ECIP-Q screening scales were used. Results show significative higher rates of bullying and cyberbullying victimization among adolescents with non-normative gender identity and sexual orientation, reaching twice the rate in some cases. These findings point out the need for an approach that goes beyond the gender binary when approaching bullying.
Bullying and cyberbullying are phenomena of growing global concern. Recent reports published by institutions such as UNESCO warn that this problem may affect up to one out of three adolescents worldwide. The role of gender in victimization and aggression rates of both types of bullying has been studied in the literature, but in most cases, it is approached from a sex perspective or exclusively contemplating the traditional gender options of man and woman. In this work, gender differences in bullying and cyberbullying are analyzed considering the different profiles of victimization and aggression and taking into account non-normative gender identities like non-binary gender or genderfluid. Aside from gender, the role of sexual orientation in these phenomena is also analyzed on an exploratory basis. A descriptive study has been carried out with a sample of 40.811 secondary school Spanish students with ages that range from 12 to 17 years old. The EBIP-Q and ECIP-Q screening scales were used. Results show significative higher rates of bullying and cyberbullying victimization among adolescents with non-normative gender identity and sexual orientation, reaching twice the rate in some cases. These findings point out the need for an approach that goes beyond the gender binary when approaching bullying.
Direction
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
OTERO LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
JIMENEZ GARCIA, LUIS MIGUEL (Secretary)
REAL DEUS, JOSE EULOGIO (Member)
OTERO LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
JIMENEZ GARCIA, LUIS MIGUEL (Secretary)
REAL DEUS, JOSE EULOGIO (Member)
Social media and electronic cigarettes in adolescents
Authorship
S.T.P.
Psychology
S.T.P.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Adolescence is a stage characterized by a multitude of changes, in which new behavioral patterns are established in order to express, socialize and find their own identity. Nowadays, behaviors such as the use of social media and the consumption of electronic cigarettes by young people are on the rise. The aim of this work is to carry out a literature review on the relationship between social networking sites and the use of electronic cigarettes in the adolescent population. To this end, a systematized search was carried out to select 24 articles that were reviewed for this study. The results suggest that a higher frequency of social media use is related to a higher probability of subsequent use of electronic cigarettes, with certain behaviors performed in social media increasing this probability. Other studies point to the influence of e-cigarette marketing in social media on the attitudes and intention to use these products by adolescents and to the existence of personal variables that modulate the relationship between social media and e-cigarettes. Finally, a smaller number of studies point to the preventive role that social media could play in the consumption of electronic cigarettes.
Adolescence is a stage characterized by a multitude of changes, in which new behavioral patterns are established in order to express, socialize and find their own identity. Nowadays, behaviors such as the use of social media and the consumption of electronic cigarettes by young people are on the rise. The aim of this work is to carry out a literature review on the relationship between social networking sites and the use of electronic cigarettes in the adolescent population. To this end, a systematized search was carried out to select 24 articles that were reviewed for this study. The results suggest that a higher frequency of social media use is related to a higher probability of subsequent use of electronic cigarettes, with certain behaviors performed in social media increasing this probability. Other studies point to the influence of e-cigarette marketing in social media on the attitudes and intention to use these products by adolescents and to the existence of personal variables that modulate the relationship between social media and e-cigarettes. Finally, a smaller number of studies point to the preventive role that social media could play in the consumption of electronic cigarettes.
Direction
López Durán, Ana (Tutorships)
López Durán, Ana (Tutorships)
Court
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Chairman)
SANTIAGO MARIÑO, MARIA JOSE (Secretary)
Rodríguez Salgado, Dolores (Member)
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Chairman)
SANTIAGO MARIÑO, MARIA JOSE (Secretary)
Rodríguez Salgado, Dolores (Member)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authorship
N.C.F.
Psychology
N.C.F.
Psychology
Defense date
09.10.2024 10:00
09.10.2024 10:00
Summary
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of multifactorial origin, whose main symptoms are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. This has a significant impact on the social, academic and family functioning of the child or adolescent. The prevalence of ADHD in the general population reveals figures of 5%, it is one of the most frequent diagnoses among the child and adolescent population, as well as one of the most studied. In this review we will analyze the core symptoms of ADHD, its possible comorbidities, its etiology, the tools available for its detection and current treatments. The exact etiology of the disorder is unknown, but genetics and environmental interaction play an important role. Its diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, the DSMV criteria being the most commonly used. It is important to study in each case the possible presence of comorbidity, since more than 50% of children and adolescents diagnosed have at least one associated comorbid disorder. For treatment to be effective, it must be individualized and multimodal. Current intervention is based on two components: pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of multifactorial origin, whose main symptoms are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. This has a significant impact on the social, academic and family functioning of the child or adolescent. The prevalence of ADHD in the general population reveals figures of 5%, it is one of the most frequent diagnoses among the child and adolescent population, as well as one of the most studied. In this review we will analyze the core symptoms of ADHD, its possible comorbidities, its etiology, the tools available for its detection and current treatments. The exact etiology of the disorder is unknown, but genetics and environmental interaction play an important role. Its diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, the DSMV criteria being the most commonly used. It is important to study in each case the possible presence of comorbidity, since more than 50% of children and adolescents diagnosed have at least one associated comorbid disorder. For treatment to be effective, it must be individualized and multimodal. Current intervention is based on two components: pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy.
Direction
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Student’s tutor)
FERRACES OTERO, MARIA JOSE (Student’s tutor)
Beyond Social Barriers. A Literature Review on Self-Efficacy and Academic Performance in Students Experiencing Social Exclusion
Authorship
S.S.V.
Psychology
S.S.V.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 11:00
07.15.2024 11:00
Summary
Social exclusion is defined as the lack of opportunities to participate in economic, social, and cultural life. During adolescence, this risk is particularly high for young people from ethnic, racial, or cultural minorities, those of migrant backgrounds, in disadvantaged environments, or with low incomes. In the educational context, they often face difficulties in the learning process, partly influenced by their perception of self-efficacy, defined as the belief in one's own abilities and competencies to carry out specific activities. The main objective of this study is to delve into the academic self-efficacy of this group and examine its influence on school performance. Additionally, it aims to identify the variables that impact the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic performance in these young people. To this end, a literature review was conducted using databases such as PsycInfo, ERIC, and Pubmed, selecting a total of twelve studies published between 2012 and 2022. The results show that social exclusion constitutes a significant risk factor for academic self-efficacy and academic performance. Furthermore, a positive association between academic performance and perceived self-efficacy was found. Finally, the impact of various elements on self-efficacy and academic performance was observed, such as socioeconomic and motivational factors, social and verbal persuasion, mastery experiences, school attendance, previous achievement, psychological state of the family, attitudes, academic self-concept, and family support. In conclusion, it is crucial to continue researching in this area to develop educational strategies that strengthen the self-efficacy and academic performance of vulnerable students, with the aim of mitigating the existing educational and social disparities.
Social exclusion is defined as the lack of opportunities to participate in economic, social, and cultural life. During adolescence, this risk is particularly high for young people from ethnic, racial, or cultural minorities, those of migrant backgrounds, in disadvantaged environments, or with low incomes. In the educational context, they often face difficulties in the learning process, partly influenced by their perception of self-efficacy, defined as the belief in one's own abilities and competencies to carry out specific activities. The main objective of this study is to delve into the academic self-efficacy of this group and examine its influence on school performance. Additionally, it aims to identify the variables that impact the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic performance in these young people. To this end, a literature review was conducted using databases such as PsycInfo, ERIC, and Pubmed, selecting a total of twelve studies published between 2012 and 2022. The results show that social exclusion constitutes a significant risk factor for academic self-efficacy and academic performance. Furthermore, a positive association between academic performance and perceived self-efficacy was found. Finally, the impact of various elements on self-efficacy and academic performance was observed, such as socioeconomic and motivational factors, social and verbal persuasion, mastery experiences, school attendance, previous achievement, psychological state of the family, attitudes, academic self-concept, and family support. In conclusion, it is crucial to continue researching in this area to develop educational strategies that strengthen the self-efficacy and academic performance of vulnerable students, with the aim of mitigating the existing educational and social disparities.
Direction
TORRES MAROÑO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
TORRES MAROÑO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
TORRES MAROÑO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Student’s tutor)
TORRES MAROÑO, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Student’s tutor)
Efficacy and safety of agomelatine use in anxiety symptoms
Authorship
A.R.R.
Psychology
A.R.R.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 12:00
07.08.2024 12:00
Summary
Agomelatine is an antidepressant with unique pharmacological properties, used in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders. Its mechanism of action differs from traditional antidepressants and benzodiazepines, as it acts as an agonist of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 and an antagonist of serotonin receptors 5-HT2C. This paper reviews the evidence on the efficacy and safety of agomelatine in the treatment of anxiety symptoms. Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of the drug for anxiety symptoms in various disorders or diseases have been used. In most cases, this evaluation has been carried out through comparison with a placebo group or a group administered another drug. Safety has been primarily measured by the incidence of adverse events, while efficacy has been assessed using validated anxiety and depression rating scales, applied before and after the intervention to determine improvement. The results of the clinical trials collected in this review indicate that agomelatine is effective and safe in the analyzed studies. Despite the promising results, it is necessary to emphasize the need for additional research to better understand its long-term efficacy and safety in different clinical contexts.
Agomelatine is an antidepressant with unique pharmacological properties, used in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders. Its mechanism of action differs from traditional antidepressants and benzodiazepines, as it acts as an agonist of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 and an antagonist of serotonin receptors 5-HT2C. This paper reviews the evidence on the efficacy and safety of agomelatine in the treatment of anxiety symptoms. Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of the drug for anxiety symptoms in various disorders or diseases have been used. In most cases, this evaluation has been carried out through comparison with a placebo group or a group administered another drug. Safety has been primarily measured by the incidence of adverse events, while efficacy has been assessed using validated anxiety and depression rating scales, applied before and after the intervention to determine improvement. The results of the clinical trials collected in this review indicate that agomelatine is effective and safe in the analyzed studies. Despite the promising results, it is necessary to emphasize the need for additional research to better understand its long-term efficacy and safety in different clinical contexts.
Direction
LOSADA VAZQUEZ, MARIA CONCEPCION (Tutorships)
LOSADA VAZQUEZ, MARIA CONCEPCION (Tutorships)
Court
LOSADA VAZQUEZ, MARIA CONCEPCION (Student’s tutor)
LOSADA VAZQUEZ, MARIA CONCEPCION (Student’s tutor)
Research on Response Distortion in MMPI-2 in the Context of Gender Violence
Authorship
V.V.L.
Psychology
V.V.L.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 12:00
07.08.2024 12:00
Summary
Gender Violence in Spain is a social problem that is fought by institutions. Organic Law 1/2004 establishes the possibility of suspending sentences to carry out intervention programmes with gender aggressors. However, in the prison evaluation process, simulation and dissimulation (denial of symptoms, social desirability, and both) should always be suspected. Previous research has concluded that these distortions occur in the context of intervention on gender aggressors, but it has not been proven whether these distortions occur in the same way in the normative population. To test this, the MMPI-2 was administered to a sample of 27 men in a relationship with a partner, replicating the study by Arce et al., (2024) with gender aggressors, with the aim of examining the distortion of responses in men without a history of aggression. The results indicate that in general the participants did not obtain significant scores on the clinical scales, as well as did not distort their responses in line with the simulation or denial of symptoms. However, it detected a significant frequency of responses distorted in the sense of social desirability .222 [.065, .379], but which did not significantly affect the scores of the symptomatologic scales.
Gender Violence in Spain is a social problem that is fought by institutions. Organic Law 1/2004 establishes the possibility of suspending sentences to carry out intervention programmes with gender aggressors. However, in the prison evaluation process, simulation and dissimulation (denial of symptoms, social desirability, and both) should always be suspected. Previous research has concluded that these distortions occur in the context of intervention on gender aggressors, but it has not been proven whether these distortions occur in the same way in the normative population. To test this, the MMPI-2 was administered to a sample of 27 men in a relationship with a partner, replicating the study by Arce et al., (2024) with gender aggressors, with the aim of examining the distortion of responses in men without a history of aggression. The results indicate that in general the participants did not obtain significant scores on the clinical scales, as well as did not distort their responses in line with the simulation or denial of symptoms. However, it detected a significant frequency of responses distorted in the sense of social desirability .222 [.065, .379], but which did not significantly affect the scores of the symptomatologic scales.
Direction
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Tutorships)
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Tutorships)
Court
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Student’s tutor)
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Student’s tutor)
The role of dissociation in self-injurious behavior
Authorship
S.G.B.
Psychology
S.G.B.
Psychology
Defense date
07.09.2024 10:00
07.09.2024 10:00
Summary
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) represents a significant challenge for psychology due to its high prevalence in both clinical and community settings and its multiple consequences, including an increased risk of suicide, one of the main causes of death in Spain. In an attempt to better understand the psychological mechanisms underlying NSSI, this work examines, in particular, the influence of dissociation on NSSI through the analysis of 20 articles published between 2013 and 2023. The results show a significant relationship between dissociation and NSSI, highlighting affect regulation as one of the main functions of NSSI. In this sense, it is suggested that NSSI may act as a mechanism to stop dissociative experiences and provide emotional regulation. Additionally, factors that could mediate this relationship are identified, such as having experienced trauma, the presence of comorbidities with other disorders, and specific age determinants. Special attention is paid to the relationship between NSSI and dissociation in individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), due to the difficulties they have in regulating their emotions. Finally, a series of practical implications, limitations, and future directions are indicated, along with conclusions intended to clarify the information presented. Among the implications, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is suggested as a potentially effective treatment to reduce NSSI and dissociation.
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) represents a significant challenge for psychology due to its high prevalence in both clinical and community settings and its multiple consequences, including an increased risk of suicide, one of the main causes of death in Spain. In an attempt to better understand the psychological mechanisms underlying NSSI, this work examines, in particular, the influence of dissociation on NSSI through the analysis of 20 articles published between 2013 and 2023. The results show a significant relationship between dissociation and NSSI, highlighting affect regulation as one of the main functions of NSSI. In this sense, it is suggested that NSSI may act as a mechanism to stop dissociative experiences and provide emotional regulation. Additionally, factors that could mediate this relationship are identified, such as having experienced trauma, the presence of comorbidities with other disorders, and specific age determinants. Special attention is paid to the relationship between NSSI and dissociation in individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), due to the difficulties they have in regulating their emotions. Finally, a series of practical implications, limitations, and future directions are indicated, along with conclusions intended to clarify the information presented. Among the implications, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is suggested as a potentially effective treatment to reduce NSSI and dissociation.
Direction
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Tutorships)
Romero Triñanes, Estrella (Tutorships)
Court
OTERO LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
JIMENEZ GARCIA, LUIS MIGUEL (Secretary)
REAL DEUS, JOSE EULOGIO (Member)
OTERO LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Chairman)
JIMENEZ GARCIA, LUIS MIGUEL (Secretary)
REAL DEUS, JOSE EULOGIO (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
C.A.D.C.
Psychology
C.A.D.C.
Psychology
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:30
07.15.2024 10:30
Summary
Adolescence is a life stage defined by great and numerous changes, characterized by greater vulnerability to external influences that currently include social networks and the Internet. The fact of being registered in them and the frequency of its use reveal extraordinary figures, and normalize its considerable presence in everyday life. It also results in repercussions that affect the population both physically and emotionally, and in particular on a very important variable such as self-esteem. With this work, we aim to know the potential interrelationships between the use of the Internet and social networks, and the self-esteem and emotional well-being of adolescents, incorporating a gender perspective. The relevance of this review lies in the relevance of this reality and in the speed with which it is reaching so many sectors of society, with very few beginning to build their personality based on Internet content. To achieve this objective, a bibliographic search was carried out in four databases, analyzing different studies that reciprocally relate self-esteem and the use of social networks, studying in a complementary way the role of gender in this relationship. In conclusion, in general terms the literature confirms the existence of a significant negative relationship between the use of social networks and self-esteem, which is especially evident for the female gender. However, the literature is not conclusive in this regard, given that certain doubts and contradictions persist that suggest the non-linearity of the relationship, or the mediation of other variables in it. Thus, we consider it essential for the future to further address and investigate this problem, from which prevention and intervention with the adolescent population will benefit.
Adolescence is a life stage defined by great and numerous changes, characterized by greater vulnerability to external influences that currently include social networks and the Internet. The fact of being registered in them and the frequency of its use reveal extraordinary figures, and normalize its considerable presence in everyday life. It also results in repercussions that affect the population both physically and emotionally, and in particular on a very important variable such as self-esteem. With this work, we aim to know the potential interrelationships between the use of the Internet and social networks, and the self-esteem and emotional well-being of adolescents, incorporating a gender perspective. The relevance of this review lies in the relevance of this reality and in the speed with which it is reaching so many sectors of society, with very few beginning to build their personality based on Internet content. To achieve this objective, a bibliographic search was carried out in four databases, analyzing different studies that reciprocally relate self-esteem and the use of social networks, studying in a complementary way the role of gender in this relationship. In conclusion, in general terms the literature confirms the existence of a significant negative relationship between the use of social networks and self-esteem, which is especially evident for the female gender. However, the literature is not conclusive in this regard, given that certain doubts and contradictions persist that suggest the non-linearity of the relationship, or the mediation of other variables in it. Thus, we consider it essential for the future to further address and investigate this problem, from which prevention and intervention with the adolescent population will benefit.
Direction
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Student’s tutor)
RIAL BOUBETA, ANTONIO (Student’s tutor)
Atypical Anorexia Nervosa: A review of the literature.
Authorship
L.F.V.
Psychology
L.F.V.
Psychology
Defense date
07.08.2024 10:30
07.08.2024 10:30
Summary
Atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) is a diagnosis that, unlike anorexia nervosa (AN), is characterized by the absence of underweight as a central criterion. This fact poses a significant challenge for psychology and health professionals, as wasting has traditionally been a crucial indicator in the identification and treatment of AN. This paper aims to review the literature generated since 2013, the year in which AAN is included as a diagnosis in the DSM-5, regarding the characterization of AAN in comparison with AN. For this purpose, 13 articles published between 2013 and 2024 are analyzed, selected through databases such as PubMed, Medline, and PsycInfo, covering a wide range of research evaluating different aspects of the disorder, such as etiological factors, prevalence, and comorbidities. The results show that, although patients with AAN do not present wasting, they do experience severe psychopathology related to food restriction, weight and body shape concerns, and a high incidence of psychiatric comorbidities. Among the factors highlighted was the relationship between a history of obesity and the severity of the disorder, as well as the presence of AN-like symptoms. A significant prevalence of AAN is observed in young women and adolescents, aged between 9 and 25 years. Finally, several limitations are highlighted and future research directions are suggested, in addition to presenting conclusions that seek to clarify the information analyzed.
Atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) is a diagnosis that, unlike anorexia nervosa (AN), is characterized by the absence of underweight as a central criterion. This fact poses a significant challenge for psychology and health professionals, as wasting has traditionally been a crucial indicator in the identification and treatment of AN. This paper aims to review the literature generated since 2013, the year in which AAN is included as a diagnosis in the DSM-5, regarding the characterization of AAN in comparison with AN. For this purpose, 13 articles published between 2013 and 2024 are analyzed, selected through databases such as PubMed, Medline, and PsycInfo, covering a wide range of research evaluating different aspects of the disorder, such as etiological factors, prevalence, and comorbidities. The results show that, although patients with AAN do not present wasting, they do experience severe psychopathology related to food restriction, weight and body shape concerns, and a high incidence of psychiatric comorbidities. Among the factors highlighted was the relationship between a history of obesity and the severity of the disorder, as well as the presence of AN-like symptoms. A significant prevalence of AAN is observed in young women and adolescents, aged between 9 and 25 years. Finally, several limitations are highlighted and future research directions are suggested, in addition to presenting conclusions that seek to clarify the information analyzed.
Direction
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Tutorships)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Tutorships)
Court
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Student’s tutor)
GUTIERREZ GARCIA, EMILIO (Student’s tutor)
Losses disguised as wins in multiline slot machines
Authorship
N.I.F.
Psychology
N.I.F.
Psychology
Defense date
09.10.2024 11:00
09.10.2024 11:00
Summary
Losses Disguised as Wins (LDWs) occur when, in a slot machine, the prize resulting from a spin is less than the spin wager. This phenomenon can only happen in multiline slot machines, which allow betting on multiple paylines simultaneously and have their own characteristics. Despite being net losses, slot machines treat LDWs as wins, producing the same sounds and lights than for actual wins and, in doing so, facilitating the association between both of them. The main objective of this paper is to review the existing literature on the phenomenon of LDWs in multiline slot machines and their impact on players’ behavior. Eleven studies published in the last nine years were reviewed, whose results indicate that LDWs act as positive reinforcers, causing players to overestimate their winnings and continue gambling for longer periods of time. Players also prefer machines with LDWs over those without them. In addition, there appears to be an optimal frequency of LDWs that maximizes both persistence and overestimation, but for which further research would be necessary, and the influence that the use of negative sounds has on the perception of LDWs is also demonstrated. There is a great variability of designs among the studies, complicating in some cases the drawing of solid conclusions. It is also worth noting the need for future studies investigating this phenomenon in the Spanish context, given the apparent total lack of such studies.
Losses Disguised as Wins (LDWs) occur when, in a slot machine, the prize resulting from a spin is less than the spin wager. This phenomenon can only happen in multiline slot machines, which allow betting on multiple paylines simultaneously and have their own characteristics. Despite being net losses, slot machines treat LDWs as wins, producing the same sounds and lights than for actual wins and, in doing so, facilitating the association between both of them. The main objective of this paper is to review the existing literature on the phenomenon of LDWs in multiline slot machines and their impact on players’ behavior. Eleven studies published in the last nine years were reviewed, whose results indicate that LDWs act as positive reinforcers, causing players to overestimate their winnings and continue gambling for longer periods of time. Players also prefer machines with LDWs over those without them. In addition, there appears to be an optimal frequency of LDWs that maximizes both persistence and overestimation, but for which further research would be necessary, and the influence that the use of negative sounds has on the perception of LDWs is also demonstrated. There is a great variability of designs among the studies, complicating in some cases the drawing of solid conclusions. It is also worth noting the need for future studies investigating this phenomenon in the Spanish context, given the apparent total lack of such studies.
Direction
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Tutorships)
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Tutorships)
Court
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Student’s tutor)
ALCARAZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Student’s tutor)